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Chidambaram SB, Anand N, Varma SR, Ramamurthy S, Vichitra C, Sharma A, Mahalakshmi AM, Essa MM. Superoxide dismutase and neurological disorders. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:373-394. [PMID: 39007083 PMCID: PMC11240301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a common antioxidant enzyme found majorly in living cells. The main physiological role of SOD is detoxification and maintain the redox balance, acts as a first line of defence against Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), Reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other such potentially hazardous molecules. SOD catalyses the conversion of superoxide anion free radicals (O 2 -.) into molecular oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) in the cells. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are expressed in neurons and glial cells throughout the CNS both intracellularly and extracellularly. Endogenous oxidative stress (OS) linked with enlarged production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), inflammation, deregulation of redox balance, mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetic crisis are found to be prerequisite for neuronal loss in neurological diseases. Clinical and genetic studies indicate a direct correlation between mutations in SOD gene and neurodegenerative diseases, like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Therefore, inhibitors of OS are considered as an optimistic approach to prevent neuronal loss. SOD mimetics like Metalloporphyrin Mn (II)-cyclic polyamines, Nitroxides and Mn (III)- Salen complexes are designed and used as therapeutic extensively in the treatment of neurological disorders. SODs and SOD mimetics are promising future therapeutics in the field of various diseases with OS-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikhilesh Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, University Park, Jabberwock Beach Road, Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Sudhir Rama Varma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, 346 Ajman, the United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, 346 Ajman, the United Arab Emirates
| | - Srinivasan Ramamurthy
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, 2202 Fujairah, the United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandrasekaran Vichitra
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ambika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Arehally M Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Hong Y, Dong H, Zhou J, Luo Y, Yuan MM, Zhan JF, Liu YL, Xia JY, Zhang L. Aged gut microbiota contribute to different changes in antioxidant defense in the heart and liver after transfer to germ-free mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289892. [PMID: 37566569 PMCID: PMC10420372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated impairment in antioxidant defense is an important cause of oxidative stress, and elderly individuals are usually associated with gut microbiota (GM) changes. Studies have suggested a potential relationship between the GM and changes in antioxidant defense in aging animals. Direct evidence regarding the impact of aging-associated shifts in GM on the antioxidant defense is lacking. The heart is a kind of postmitotic tissue, which is more prone to oxidative stress than the liver (mitotic tissue). To test and compare the influence of an aged GM on antioxidant defense changes in the heart and liver of the host, in this study, GM from young adolescent (5 weeks) or aged (20 months) mice was transferred to young adolescent (5 weeks) germ-free (GF) mice (N = 5 per group) by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Four weeks after the first FMT was performed, fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. Blood, heart and liver samples were harvested for oxidative stress marker and antioxidant defense analysis. The results showed that mice that received young or aged microbiota showed clear differences in GM composition and diversity. Mice that received aged microbiota had a lower ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes in GM at the phylum level and an increased relative abundance of four GM genera: Akkermansia, Dubosiella, Alistipes and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. In addition, GM α-diversity scores based on the Shannon index and Simpson index were significantly higher in aged GM-treated mice. Oxidative stress marker and antioxidant defense tests showed that FMT from aged donors did not have a significant influence on malondialdehyde content in serum, heart and liver. However, the capacity of anti-hydroxyl radicals in the heart and liver, as well as the capacity of anti-superoxide anions in the liver, were significantly increased in mice with aged microbiota. FMT from aged donors increased the activities of Cu/Zn superoxide SOD (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase in the heart, as well as the activity of Cu/Zn-SOD in the liver. Positive correlations were found between Cu/Zn-SOD activity and radical scavenging capacities. On the other hand, glutathione reductase activity and glutathione content in the liver were decreased in mice that received aged GM. These findings suggest that aged GM transplantation from hosts is sufficient to influence the antioxidant defense system of young adolescent recipients in an organ-dependent manner, which highlights the importance of the GM in the aging process of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hong
- Animal Experiment Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Dong
- Animal Experiment Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Animal Experiment Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Luo
- Animal Experiment Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Ming Yuan
- Animal Experiment Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Fei Zhan
- Animal Experiment Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang-Lu Liu
- Animal Experiment Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie-Ying Xia
- Animal Experiment Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Animal Experiment Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Abdollahzade N, Babri S, Majidinia M. Attenuation of chronic arsenic neurotoxicity via melatonin in male offspring of maternal rats exposed to arsenic during conception: Involvement of oxidative DNA damage and inflammatory signaling cascades. Life Sci 2020; 266:118876. [PMID: 33310035 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to arsenic is demonstrated to elevate the risk of brain damage and neurological disorders in the fetus, mainly due to its ability for crossing through the placental barriers. Increase in oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage is main mechanisms of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of melatonin, as a potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against arsenic toxicity in the brains of male offspring rats. Pregnant mother rats were randomly assigned into four groups including group I, as control, group II received 10 mg/kg melatonin, group III received arsenic at 50 mg/kg, and group IV received melatonin and arsenic. After a two-month period, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation and apoptosis were assessed in the male offspring rats. Exposure to arsenic significantly increased the pro-inflammatory and oxidative factors resulting in DNA damage and apoptosis in the brain tissues of offspring rats in comparison to controls (p < 0.05). Exogenous administration of melatonin showed a significant increase in the tissue levels of acetylcholine esterase, decrease in the lactate dehydrogenase and myeloperoxidase, when compared to arsenic group (p < 0.05). Melatonin also overcame the arsenic-induced oxidative stress and suppressed inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis. Our results suggested that melatonin may be a promising neuro-protective agent and momentous therapy for the treatment of arsenic-toxicity in clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseh Abdollahzade
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Babri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Bove M, Tucci P, Dimonte S, Trabace L, Schiavone S, Morgese MG. Postnatal Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Treatments Prevent Early Ketamine-Induced Cortical Dysfunctions in Adult Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:590088. [PMID: 33250707 PMCID: PMC7672215 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.590088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early brain insult, interfering with its maturation, may result in psychotic-like disturbances in adult life. Redox dysfunctions and neuroinflammation contribute to long-term psychiatric consequences due to neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Here, we investigated the effects of early pharmacological modulation of the redox and inflammatory states, through celastrol, and indomethacin administration, on reactive oxygen species (ROS) amount, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 1, SOD1, glutathione, GSH, and catalase, CAT), as well as of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α, interleukin-6, IL-6, and interleukin-1 beta, IL-1β), in the prefrontal cortex of adult mice exposed to a neurotoxic insult, i.e. ketamine administration, in postnatal life. Early celastrol or indomethacin prevented ketamine-induced elevations in cortical ROS production. MDA levels in ketamine-treated mice, also administered with celastrol, were comparable with the control ones. Indomethacin also prevented the increase in lipid peroxidation following early ketamine administration. Whereas no significant differences were detected in SOD1, GSH, and CAT levels between ketamine and saline-administered mice, celastrol elevated the cortical amount of these antioxidant enzymes and the same effect was induced by indomethacin per se. Both celastrol and indomethacin prevented ketamine-induced enhancement in TNF-α and IL-1β levels, however, they had no effects on increased IL-6 amount resulting from ketamine exposure in postnatal life. In conclusion, our data suggest that an early increase in cortical ROS scavenging and reduction of lipid peroxidation, via the enhancement of antioxidant defense, together with inhibition of neuroinflammation, may represent a therapeutic opportunity against psychotic-like disturbances resulting, later in life, from the effects of a neurotoxic insult on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Tolmacheva AS, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Substrate specificity of IgGs with peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities from sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. J Mol Recognit 2019; 32:e2807. [PMID: 31389073 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of IgGs to protect humans from oxidative stress through oxidation of harmful compounds was carried out. We have compared here for the first time peroxidase (in the presence of H2 O2 ) and oxidoreductase (in the absence of H2 O2 ) activities of IgGs from sera of healthy humans and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, substrate specificity of SLE and MS IgG preparations in the oxidation of different compounds was analyzed: 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB), homovanillic acid (HVA), o-phenylenediamine (OPD), α-naphthol, 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC), p-hydroquinone (pHQ), and adrenaline. IgGs of healthy humans and SLE and MS patients oxidized DAB, ABTS, and OPD due to their peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities, while other compounds were substrates of IgGs only in the presence of H2 O2 : adrenaline was not oxidized by both activities of IgGs. The average SLE IgGs peroxidase activity increased statistically significant in comparison with abzymes from healthy humans in the order (-fold): OPD (1.2) < DAB (1.7) < α-naphtol (2.2) ≤ AEC (2.4) < ABTS (4.5) < 5-ASA (10.6), while with oxidoreductase activity: OPD (1.8) ≤ DAB (2.1-fold) < ABTS (5.0). Only HVA was oxidized by IgGs with peroxidase activity of healthy donors faster than by SLE (1.3-fold) and MS abzymes (2.4-fold). In the oxidation of several substrates, only three IgGs of MS patients were used. The data speak of a tendency to increase the peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of MS IgGs in comparison with healthy donors, but to a lesser extent: OPD (1.1 to 1.2-fold) ≤ ABTS (1.2 to 1.8-fold). It was shown that development of SLE and MS leads to increase in peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of IgGs toward most of classical substrates. Thus, abzymes can serve as an additional factor of reactive oxygen species detoxification protecting of patients with SLE and MS from some harmful compounds somewhat better than healthy peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Tolmacheva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Arihan O, Yabanoglu SC, Ucar G, Falkmarken ND. Effects of two selected SSRIs on hemorheological parameters in rats. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 71:27-38. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-170353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Okan Arihan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gulberk Ucar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Hadwan MH, Ali SK. New spectrophotometric assay for assessments of catalase activity in biological samples. Anal Biochem 2018; 542:29-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tang J, Li CM, Li L, Wu J, Wang GL. Changes in expression and production of heme oxygenase-1 in rats with acute liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 41:469-77. [PMID: 27432233 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the changes of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and production in rats with acute liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and explore the role of HO-1 in the pathogenesis of liver injury. Liver injury was assessed histologically and the serum level of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were examined. The activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbon monoxide (CO) in liver tissues were also examined at the same time. HO-1 mRNA expression was examined at different time points following LPS treatment and the expression of HO-1 protein was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Administration of LPS caused severe hepatic damage, characterized by significant elevation of serum ALT and AST levels and hepatic MDA content as well as a remarkable reduction of liver SOD activity at 24 hr as compared with those in the control group. HO-1 activity was elevated significantly after modeling, showing a time-dependent manner from 6 to 24 hr, while expression of HO-1 protein was increased remarkably from 6 to 24 hr. Endogenous CO concentration in the liver of control rats remained very low but was elevated significantly after LPS treatment (6, 12, 24 hr), which was in accordance with the changes of HO-1. HO-1 activity and protein are increased significantly in rats with acute liver injury induced by LPS, suggesting that HO-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
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Baek MK, Lee H, Kim KO, Kwon HJ, Chung MH, Park HM, Woo JH, Kim DY. Age-Related Changes in Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 and Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Structure in the Tongues of Fischer 344 Rats. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 10:357-362. [PMID: 28002926 PMCID: PMC5678042 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2016.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previously the authors reported age-related changes in the activities of anti-oxidative enzyme activities and protein expressions in the tongues of rats. Because more information is required about relations between aging and oxidative stress and anti-oxidative enzyme efficiency, the authors investigated differences between the expression of master regulator of anti-oxidative enzymes (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [Nrf2]), levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial structures in the tongues of young and aged Fischer 344 rats. Methods Age-dependent changes in Nrf2 protein and ROS were determined by Western blotting and using chemical kits, respectively. Tongue specimens were examined by electron microscopy. The study was conducted using rats aged 7 months (young, n=8) or 22 months (old, n=8). Results Nrf2 protein levels in the tongues of aged rats were lower than in young rats. ROS levels were higher in older rats and mitochondrial structural deficits were observed their tongues. Three young rats showed moderate mitochondrial degeneration, whereas profound degeneration with mitochondrial cristae disruption, swelling, rupture, or intramitochondrial vacuole formation was observed in all 8 old rats. Notably, mitochondrial rupture was observed in 5 old rats. Conclusion Antioxidant defense systems of old rats were compromised by Nrf2 deficiency, which could lead to the deleterious accumulation and release of ROS and probably mitochondrial structural deficits in aged tongue tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kwan Baek
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ok Kim
- Department of Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kwon
- Department of Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Chung
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Min Park
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Woo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Bakhtyukov AA, Galkina OV, Eshchenko ND. The activities of key antioxidant enzymes in the early postnatal development of rats. NEUROCHEM J+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Baek MK, Kim KO, Kwon HJ, Kim YW, Woo JH, Kim DY. Age-Related Changes in Antioxidative Enzyme Capacity in Tongue of Fischer 344 Rats. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 9:352-357. [PMID: 27334515 PMCID: PMC5115150 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2015.01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Antioxidative enzyme efficiency changes in some organs with age. However, no study has been conducted on age-related antioxidant enzyme changes in tongue. In the present study, the authors investigated the activities of four antioxidative enzymes and their protein expressions in the tongues of young and old Fischer 344 rats. Methods Age-dependent changes in the enzyme activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined using chemical kits, and the protein expressions levels of these enzymes by Western blotting. The study was conducted using rats aged 7 months (the young group, n=8) and 22 months (the old group, n=8). Results Total SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and GPx activities in the tongues of old rats were lower than in young rats, and similarly, corresponding protein expressions were downregulated in old rats. On the other hand, although the protein expressions of Mn-SOD and CAT were lower in old rats, their enzyme activities were not. Conclusion The results of this study provide a possible mechanism for the tongue aging process, as in old Fischer 344 rats the antioxidant defense system was diminished with respect to enzyme activity levels and protein abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kwan Baek
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ok Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kwon
- Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Woo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Haider S, Saleem S, Perveen T, Tabassum S, Batool Z, Sadir S, Liaquat L, Madiha S. Age-related learning and memory deficits in rats: role of altered brain neurotransmitters, acetylcholinesterase activity and changes in antioxidant defense system. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9653. [PMID: 24771014 PMCID: PMC4082587 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress from generation of increased reactive oxygen species or free radicals of oxygen has been reported to play an important role in the aging. To investigate the relationship between the oxidative stress and memory decline during aging, we have determined the level of lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in brain and plasma as well as biogenic amine levels in brain from Albino-Wistar rats at age of 4 and 24 months. The results showed that the level of lipid peroxidation in the brain and plasma was significantly higher in older than that in the young rats. The activities of antioxidant enzymes displayed an age-dependent decline in both brain and plasma. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were found to be significantly decreased in brain and plasma of aged rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also significantly decreased in plasma of aged rats; however, a decreased tendency (non-significant) of SOD in brain was also observed. AChE activity in brain and plasma was significantly decreased in aged rats. Learning and memory of rats in the present study was assessed by Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Elevated plus Maze (EPM) test. Short-term memory and long-term memory was impaired significantly in older rats, which was evident by a significant increase in the latency time in MWM and increase in transfer latency in EPM. Moreover, a marked decrease in biogenic amines (NA, DA, and 5-HT) was also found in the brain of aged rats. In conclusion, our data suggest that increased oxidative stress, decline of antioxidant enzyme activities, altered AChE activity, and decreased biogenic amines level in the brain of aged rats may potentially be involved in diminished memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Haider
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan,
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Hou YJ, Zhao YY, Xiong B, Cui XS, Kim NH, Xu YX, Sun SC. Mycotoxin-containing diet causes oxidative stress in the mouse. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60374. [PMID: 23555961 PMCID: PMC3610673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins which mainly consist of Aflatoxin (AF), Zearalenone (ZEN) and Deoxynivalenol (DON) are commonly found in many food commodities. Although each component has been shown to cause liver toxicity and oxidative stress in several species, there is no evidence regarding the effect of naturally contained multiple mycotoxins on tissue toxicity and oxidative stress in vivo. In the present study, mycotoxins-contaminated maize (AF 597 µg/kg, ZEN 729 µg/kg, DON 3.1 mg/kg maize) was incorporated into the diet at three different doses (0, 5 and 20%) to feed the mice, and blood and tissue samples were collected to examine the oxidative stress related indexes. The results showed that the indexes of liver, kidney and spleen were all increased and the liver and kidney morphologies changed in the mycotoxin-treated mice. Also, the treatment resulted in the elevated glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the serum and liver, indicating the presence of the oxidative stress. Moreover, the decrease of catalase (CAT) activity in the serum, liver and kidney as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver and kidney tissue further confirmed the occurrence of oxidative stress. In conclusion, our data indicate that the naturally contained mycotoxins are toxic in vivo and able to induce the oxidant stress in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Yan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yin-Xue Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (YXX); (SCS)
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (YXX); (SCS)
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Sattarova EA, Sinitsyna OI, Vasyunina EA, Duzhak AB, Kolosova NG, Zharkov DO, Nevinsky GA. Age-dependent guanine oxidation in DNA of different brain regions of Wistar rats and prematurely aging OXYS rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3542-52. [PMID: 23403132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damage to the cell, including the formation of 8-oxoG, has been regarded as a significant factor in carcinogenesis and aging. An inbred prematurely aging rat strain (OXYS) is characterized by high sensitivity to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA rearrangements, and pathological conditions paralleling several human degenerative diseases including learning and memory deterioration. METHODS We have used monoclonal antibodies against a common pre-mutagenic base lesion 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) in combination with indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and image analysis to follow the relative amounts and distribution of 8-oxoG and OGG1 in various cells of different brain regions from OXYS and control Wistar rats. RESULTS It was shown that 8-oxoG increased with age in mature neurons, nestin- and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells of hippocampus and frontal cortex in both strains of rats, with OXYS rats always displaying statistically significantly higher levels of oxidative DNA damage than Wistar rats. The relative content of 8-oxoG and OGG1 in nestin- and GFAP-positive cells was higher than in mature neurons in both Wistar and OXYS rats. However, there was no significant interstrain difference in the content of OGG1 for all types of cells and brain regions analyzed, and no difference in the relative content of 8-oxoG between different brain regions. CONCLUSIONS Oxidation of guanine may play an important role in the development of age-associated decrease in memory and learning capability of OXYS rats. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings are important for validation of the OXYS rat strain as a model of mammalian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Sattarova
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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15
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Bakala H, Hamelin M, Mary J, Borot-Laloi C, Friguet B. Catalase, a target of glycation damage in rat liver mitochondria with aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1527-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Helmy MM. Potential hepato-protective effect of α-tocopherol or simvastatin in aged rats. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:698-705. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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An J, Li S, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Zhen K, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wu M, Yu Z, Sheng G, Fu J, Huang Y. The cytotoxic effects of synthetic 6-hydroxylated and 6-methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether 47 (BDE47). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:591-599. [PMID: 20549613 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) have been widely applied as flame retardants in plastics, polyurethane foam, paints, and synthetic fabrics. The rising PBDE level in human tissues and environment has led to concern about the health impact of exposure to PBDE. The 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47), the dominant PBDE congener found in the environment and human tissues, has been shown to be an endocrine disruptor. It has also been reported to cause liver and neurodevelopmental toxicity. BDE47 can be metabolized to 6-OH-BDE47 and 6-MeO-BDE47. So far little has been reported on the cytotoxicity of the metabolites. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of the two metabolites was investigated by exposing human hepatoma cell line HepG2 to different doses of 6-OH-BDE47 and 6-MeO-BDE47. The cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage, micronucleus levels, and oxidative stress response were studied. The results indicated that both metabolites could markedly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells with 6-OH-BDE47 showing a stronger effect, and significantly increase the micronucleus level and apoptosis rate in a dose-dependant manner. Moreover, treatment with 6-OH-BDE47 (≥0.5 μM) resulted in a marked cell cycle block. The SCGE experiments revealed that both metabolites could cause DNA damage in a dose-dependant manner. Analysis of the oxidative stress response showed that 6-OH-BDE47 treatment (≥2.0 μM) significantly increased intracellular ROS levels as indicated by GSH depletion and elevation of SOD level, whereas 6-MeO-BDE47 showed a weaker effect, suggesting that oxidative stress might play a role in the cytotoxic effects. We concluded that 6-OH-BDE47 or 6-MeO-BDE47 exposure was able to induce inhibition of cell viability, increase of apoptosis rate, cell cycle block, and DNA damages, which might involve the alterated oxidative stress response due to the elevated free radicals and impaired antioxidative system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Yildirim Z, Kilic N. Effects of Taurine and Age on Cerebellum Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stress. INT J GERONTOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Choi SI, Dadakhujaev S, Ryu H, Im Kim T, Kim EK. Melatonin protects against oxidative stress in granular corneal dystrophy type 2 corneal fibroblasts by mechanisms that involve membrane melatonin receptors. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:94-103. [PMID: 21392093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Considering that oxidative stress plays a role in corneal fibroblast degeneration during granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2) and melatonin is an effective antioxidant, we examined the ability of melatonin to protect against oxidative stress-induced cell death of primary cultured normal and GCD2-homozygous corneal fibroblasts. Melatonin treatment protected primary cultured normal and GCD2 corneal fibroblasts from paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress and caused increased expression levels of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione reductase (GR) in both types of cells. Interestingly, catalase expression increased in normal corneal fibroblasts, but decreased in GCD2 corneal fibroblasts after melatonin treatment. Melatonin also reduced the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and H(2)O(2) in both cell types. In addition, the selective melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole blocked melatonin-induced expression of SOD1 and GR. The expression levels of melatonin receptors 1A (MT1) and 1B (MT2) were significantly higher in GCD2 corneal fibroblasts than in normal cells. These results suggest that increased expression of melatonin receptors may be involved in the defense mechanisms against oxidative stress in GCD2 corneal fibroblasts, and melatonin may have potential therapeutic implications for GCD2 treatment.
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Probiotic Dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum alleviates age-inflicted oxidative stress and improves expression of biomarkers of ageing in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1791-9. [PMID: 21625850 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The potential benefiting effects of probiotic Dahi on age-inflicted accumulation of oxidation products, antioxidant enzymes and expression of biomarkers of ageing were evaluated in mice. Probiotic Dahi were prepared by co-culturing in buffalo milk (3% fat) Dahi bacteria (Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris NCDC-86 and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar diacetylactis NCDC-60) along with selected strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus LaVK2 (La-Dahi) or combined L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum BbVK3 (LaBb-Dahi). Four groups of 12 months old mice (6 each) were fed for 4 months supplements (5 g/day) of buffalo milk (3% fat), Dahi, La-Dahi and LaBb-Dahi, respectively, with basal diet. The activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) declined and the contents of oxidation products, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls, increased in red blood corpuscles (RBCs), liver, kidney and heart tissues and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in RBCs and hepatic tissues during ageing of mice. Feeding ageing mice with La-Dahi or LaBb-Dahi increased CAT activity in all the four tissues, and GPx activity in RBCs and hepatic tissue, and a significant decline in TBARS in plasma, kidney and hepatic tissues and protein carbonyls in plasma. Feeding mice with probiotic Dahi also reversed age related decline in expression of biomarkers of ageing, peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-α, senescence marker protein-30 (SMP-30) and klotho in hepatic and kidney tissues. The present study suggests that probiotic Dahi containing selected strains of bacteria can be used as a potential nutraceutical intervention to combat oxidative stress and molecular alterations associated with ageing.
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Zhang X, Shi GF, Liu XZ, An LJ, Guan S. Anti-ageing effects of protocatechuic acid from Alpinia on spleen and liver antioxidative system of senescent mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:342-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Binzhou Medical University; Yantai; Shandong; China
| | - Gui-Fang Shi
- Dalian Meiluo Chinese Medicine Factory; Dalian; Liaoning; China
| | - Xiu-zhen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Binzhou Medical University; Yantai; Shandong; China
| | - Li-jia An
- School of Environmental and Biological Science & Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian; Liaoning; China
| | - Shui Guan
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian; China
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22
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Proteasome and oxidative phoshorylation changes may explain why aging is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. J Proteomics 2010; 73:2230-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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23
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Pei X, Yang R, Zhang Z, Gao L, Wang J, Xu Y, Zhao M, Han X, Liu Z, Li Y. Marine collagen peptide isolated from Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) skin facilitates learning and memory in aged C57BL/6J mice. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Grape antioxidant dietary fibre reduced apoptosis and induced a pro-reducing shift in the glutathione redox state of the rat proximal colonic mucosa. Br J Nutr 2009; 103:1110-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509992996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Grape antioxidant dietary fibre (GADF) is a grape product rich in dietary fibre and natural antioxidants. We showed previously that the GADF intake induced an epithelial hypoplasia in the rat colonic mucosa. In the present study, we propose that the antioxidant effect of GADF could modulate mucosal apoptosis via modulation of the cellular redox environment. Male Wistar rats (n20) were fed with diets containing either cellulose (control diet group) or GADF (GADF diet group) as fibre for 4 weeks. The GSH:GSSG ratio, the redox state of the GSSG/2GSH couple (Ehc), the mitochondrial and/or cytosolic antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and apoptosis were evaluated. GADF enhanced the cytosolic GSH:GSSG ratio, shifting the redox potential (Ehc) to a more pro-reducing status. Decreased Cu,ZnSOD:CAT, Cu,ZnSOD:GPx and MnSOD:GPx ratios could indicate an enhanced capacity for reducing H2O2, contributing to decreased cytosolic LPO. Reduced apoptosis in GADF-treated mucosa was inversely related to MnSOD activity. Furthermore, apoptosis increased directly as GSSG content increased. These results suggest that the reduction in apoptosis associated with GADF intake may be due to a modulation of the glutathione redox system and endogenous antioxidant enzymes.
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Derin N, Aydin S, Yargiçoglu P, Agar A. CHANGES IN VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN RATS EXPOSED TO RESTRAINT STRESS: EFFECT OF L-CARNITINE. Int J Neurosci 2009; 116:205-21. [PMID: 16484050 DOI: 10.1080/00207450690969805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of L-carnitine on lipid peroxidation, Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) and antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase and catalase in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress. Forty male Wistar rats, aged three months were used. They were equally divided into four groups: control (C), the group exposed to restraint stress (R), the group treated with L-carnitine(L) and the group exposed to stress and treated with L-carnitine (RL). Chronic restraint stress was applied for 21 days (1 h/day) and L-carnitine (50 mg/kg/day) was given by gavage to the L and RL groups for the same period. Brain and retina levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly increased in the R group and were not altered in the L group compared to the C group. Brain and retina TBARS levels were lower in the RL group than in the R group. Brain and retina superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly decreased in the L and R groups compared to the C group. L-carnitine pretreatment had no significant effect on superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the RL group. All latencies of VEP components were prolonged in the R and L groups with respect to the C group. L-carnitine increased the latencies of all VEP components in the L group whereas shortened them in the RL group compared to their control groups. L-carnitine may be a promising agent for the prevention of VEP and TBARS alterations caused by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Derin
- Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Roehrs M, Valentini J, Bulcão R, Moreira JC, Biesalski H, Limberger RP, Grune T, Garcia SC. The plasma retinol levels as pro-oxidant/oxidant agents in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:2212-8. [PMID: 19228758 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Restraint stress-induced oxidative damage and its amelioration with selenium. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 600:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Protective role of the calcium channel blocker amlodipine against mitochondrial injury in ischemia and reperfusion injury of rat liver. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2008; 58:421-8. [PMID: 19103576 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-008-0022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ accumulation and Ca2+ overloading in mitochondria are responsible for the cell abnormality associated with ischemia and reperfusion injury. The present study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of the Ca2+ channel blocker amlodipine on the mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, mitochondrial antioxidant status and mitochondrial respiratory enzymes in ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) induced liver injury. I/R injury induced mitochondrial damage in rats was assessed in terms of the decrease in activities (p < 0.05) of respiratory marker enzymes (malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and NADH dehydrogenase), mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase), and significant increase (p < 0.05) in the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and Ca2+ content.Mitochondrial damage was confirmed by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examination. Pretreatment with amlodipine effectively counteracted the alteration in mitochondrial enzymes induced by ischemia-reperfusion liver damage. TEM study confirms the restoration of cellular normalcy and the cytoprotective role of amlodipine against I/R induced hepatic injury. On the basis of our findings it may be concluded that amlodipine not only possesses Ca2+ channel antagonist properties but it may also reduce the extent of mitochondrial damage by its antioxidant activity.
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Jin HF, Du SX, Zhao X, Wei HL, Wang YF, Liang YF, Tang CS, Du JB. Effects of endogenous sulfur dioxide on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:1157-66. [PMID: 18817619 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to explore the protective effect of endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the development of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats. METHODS Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into the MCT group receiving MCT treatment, the MCT+L-aspartate-beta- hydroxamate (HDX) group receiving MCT plus HDX treatment, the MCT+SO2 group receiving MCT plus SO2 donor treatment, and the control group. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and structural changes in pulmonary arteries were evaluated. SO2 content, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and gene expression were measured. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assayed. RESULTS In the MCT-treated rats, mPAP and right ventricle/(left ventricle+septum) increased significantly (P<0.01), pulmonary vascular structural remodeling developed, and SOD, GSHPx, CAT, GSH, and MDA levels of lung homogenates significantly increased (P<0.01) in association with the elevated SO2 content, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and gene expression, compared with the control rats. In the MCT+HDXtreated rats, lung tissues and plasma SO2 content and aspartate aminotransferase activities decreased significantly, whereas the mPAP and pulmonary vascular structural remodeling were markedly aggravated with the decreased SOD, CAT, and GSH levels of lung tissue homogenates compared with the MCT-treated rats (P<0.01). In contrast, with the use of a SO2 donor, the pulmonary vascular structural remodeling was obviously lessened with elevated lung tissue SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA content, and plasma SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT levels. CONCLUSION Endogenous SO2 might play a protective role in the pathogenesis of MCT-induced PH and promote endogenous antioxidative capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-fang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Matthijssens F, Back P, Braeckman BP, Vanfleteren JR. Prooxidant activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic EUK-8 in proliferating and growth-arrested Escherichia coli cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:708-15. [PMID: 18573332 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have aimed to alleviate oxidative stress in a wide range of organisms by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. However, experimental approaches have yielded contradictory evidence, and kinetics models have shown that increases in SOD activity may increase, decrease, or not change hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, depending on the balance of the various processes that produce and consume superoxide (O2-). In this study we tested whether administration of EUK-8, a synthetic mimetic of the SOD enzyme, can protect starving Escherichia coli cells against stasis-induced oxidative stress. Surprisingly, administration of EUK-8 to starving E. coli cells enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in a massive increase of oxidative damage and replicative death of the bacteria. Our results confirm that manipulation of ROS levels by increasing SOD activity does not necessarily result in a consequent decline of oxidative stress and can yield opposite results in a relatively simple model system such as starving E. coli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Matthijssens
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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31
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Meng Z, Qin G, Bai J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Yang Z. Alterations of gene expression profiles induced by sulfur dioxide in rat lungs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-007-0055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Rodríguez-Navarro JA, Casarejos MJ, Menéndez J, Solano RM, Rodal I, Gómez A, Yébenes JGD, Mena MA. Mortality, oxidative stress and tau accumulation during ageing in parkin null mice. J Neurochem 2007; 103:98-114. [PMID: 17623040 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Young parkin null (pk-/-) mice have subtle abnormalities of behaviour, dopamine (DA) neurotransmission and free radical production, but no massive loss of DA neurons. We investigated whether these findings are maintained while ageing. Pk-/- mice have reduced life span and age-related reduced exploratory behaviour, abnormal walking and posture, and behaviours similar to those of early Parkinson's disease (PD), reduced number of nigrostriatal DA neurons and proapoptotic shifts in the survival/death proteins in midbrain and striatum. Contrary to young pk-/- animals 24-month-old pk-/- mice do not have compensatory elevation of GSH in striatum, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities are increased and catalase unchanged. Aged pk-/- mice accumulate high levels of tau and fail to up-regulate CHIP and HSP70. Our results suggest that aged pk-/- mice lack of the compensatory mechanisms that maintain a relatively normal DA function in early adulthood. This study could help to explain the effects of ageing in patients with genetic risks for Parkinson's disease.
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Mauriz JL, Molpeceres V, García-Mediavilla MV, González P, Barrio JP, González-Gallego J. Melatonin prevents oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant enzyme expression and activity in the liver of aging rats. J Pineal Res 2007; 42:222-30. [PMID: 17349019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of melatonin supplementation on markers of oxidative stress, and on the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of young (3-month-old) and aging (24-month-old) rats. Animals were supplemented with melatonin in the drinking water (20 mg/L) for 4 wk. Liver concentration of thiobarbituric-reactive substances (TBARS), as an index of lipid peroxidation, and the oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio significantly increased in aged rats (+58%), while values did not significantly differ from the young in aged animals receiving melatonin. Significant decreases in the liver activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) (-25%), cytosolic (-21%) and mitochondrial (-40%) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) (-34%) were found in aged rats. Melatonin abolished these changes and also prevented the reduction of Cu,Zn-SOD (-33%), cytosolic GPx (-30%), and mitochondrial GPx (-47%) liver protein content as measured by Western blot. Reductions in Cu,Zn-SOD mRNA (-39%), and GPx mRNA (-86%) levels induced by aging were also abolished by melatonin. In summary, our data indicate that melatonin treatment abrogates oxidative stress in the liver of aged rats, and that prevention of the decreased activity of CAT and the downregulation of Cu,Zn-SOD and GPx gene expression contribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Mauriz
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain
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Yargicoglu P, Sahin E, Gümüşlü S, Ağar A. The effect of sulfur dioxide inhalation on active avoidance learning, antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation during aging. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2007; 29:211-8. [PMID: 17197156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of SO2 was examined on active avoidance learning, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the activities of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in young (3 months), middle-age (12 months ), and old (24 months) Swiss male albino rats. Ten ppm SO2 was administered to the animals of SO2 groups in an exposure chamber for 1 h/day x 7 days/week x 6 weeks while control groups were exposed to filtered air in the same condition. The most prominent effect of aging on active performance was also observed in the older group. SO2 exposure significantly decreased the active avoidance learning in the young group, but it had no effect on this parameter in the middle-aged and the older group compared with their corresponding control groups. SO2 exposure resulted in increased levels of Cu, Zn-SOD activity while decreased level of GSH-Px activity in all experimental groups compared with their corresponding control groups. CAT activities were unaltered. TBARS levels of all SO2 exposed groups were significantly increased compared with their respective control groups. In conclusion, results from the present research showed that SO2 exposure resulted in an increase in the lipid peroxidation and caused alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, SO2 exposure impaired cognitive function only in the young rats during the acquisition phase of active avoidance learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piraye Yargicoglu
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Arapsuyu, 07070 Antalya, Turkey.
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Meng Q, Wong YT, Chen J, Ruan R. Age-related changes in mitochondrial function and antioxidative enzyme activity in fischer 344 rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2007; 128:286-92. [PMID: 17270247 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2006.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the changes of mitochondrial function and/or antioxidative enzyme efficiency in a few organs of rats as a result of aging. However, there is a further need to reach a conclusion about their interactions in biological functions based on other evaluation tips like the usage of advanced methods and the exploring of crucial biochemical parameters. Therefore, we investigated the mitochondrial inner membrane functional integrity by the analysis of respiration control ratio and membrane potential in the liver and brain of young (8 months) and old (26 months) Fischer 344 rats. The disintegration of mitochondrial membrane integrity was determined higher in the liver of old rats than that of young rats. This was well correlated with the decrease of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and glutathione peroxidase activities in most of the organs, except for the increase of catalase activity in heart of old rats. Similarly, the protein expressions of these enzymes were down regulated in the liver and kidney of old rats. Taken together, we suggest that the mitochondrial malfunction in old rats is associated with the decrease of antioxidative enzyme efficiency. And the data are also discussed with changes in the results from inter-laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Meng
- Cancer and Aging Research Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore 138669, Singapore
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Ikhmyangan EN, Vasilenko NL, Sinitsina OI, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Substrate specificity of rat sera IgG antibodies with peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities. J Mol Recognit 2007; 19:432-40. [PMID: 16835846 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that intact IgGs from the sera of healthy Wistar rats oxidize 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) in the presence and in the absence of H(2)O(2) similar to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Here we demonstrate for the first time that the peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of IgGs can efficiently oxidize not only DAB but also o-phenylendiamine, phenol, p-dihydroquinone, alpha-naphthol, and NADH but, in contrast to HRP, cannot oxidize adrenalin. In contrast to IgGs, HRP cannot oxidize phenol, p-dihydroquinone, or alpha-naphthol in the absence of H(2)O(2). In contrast to plant and mammalian peroxidases, IgGs were more universal in their metal dependence. The specific wide repertoire of polyclonal peroxidase and oxidoreductase IgGs oxidizing various substances could play an important role in protecting the organism from oxidative stress and serve as an additional natural system destroying different toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdenechimeg N Ikhmyangan
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentieva Avenue, Novosibirsk, Russia
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de Vasconcellos APS, Nieto FB, Crema LM, Diehl LA, de Almeida LM, Prediger ME, da Rocha ER, Dalmaz C. Chronic Lithium Treatment has Antioxidant Properties but does not Prevent Oxidative Damage Induced by Chronic Variate Stress. Neurochem Res 2006; 31:1141-51. [PMID: 16944317 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of chronic stress and lithium treatments on oxidative stress parameters in hippocampus, hypothalamus, and frontal cortex. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control and submitted to chronic variate stress, and subdivided into treated or not with LiCl. After 40 days, rats were killed, and lipoperoxidation, production free radicals, total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were evaluated. The results showed that stress increased lipoperoxidation and that lithium decreased free radicals production in hippocampus; both treatments increased TAR. In hypothalamus, lithium increased TAR and no effect was observed in the frontal cortex. Stress increased SOD activity in hippocampus; while lithium increased GPx in hippocampus and SOD in hypothalamus. We concluded that lithium presented antioxidant properties, but is not able to prevent oxidative damage induced by chronic variate stress.
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Gnanapragasam A, Yogeeta S, Subhashini R, Ebenezar KK, Sathish V, Devaki T. Adriamycin induced myocardial failure in rats: Protective role of Centella asiatica. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 294:55-63. [PMID: 16786185 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in adriamycin induced cardiotoxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is characterized by the accumulation of oxidized lipids, proteins and DNA, leading to disorganization of mitochondrial structure and systolic failure. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Centella asiatica on the mitochondrial enzymes; mitochondrial antioxidant status in adriamycin induced myocardial injury. Adriamycin (2.5 mg/kg body wt., i.p.) induced mitochondrial damage in rats was assessed in terms of decreased activities (p<0.05) of cardiac marker enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, amino transferases), TCA cycle enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, respiratory marker enzymes (NADH-dehydrogenase, cytochrome-C-oxidase), mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes (GPx, GSH, SOD,CAT) and increased (p<0.05) level of lipid peroxidation. Mitochondrial damage was confirmed by transmission electron microscopic examination. Pre-co-treatment with aqueous extract of Centella asiatica (200 mg/kg body wt, oral) effectively counteracted the alterations in mitochondrial enzymes and mitochondrial defense system. In addition, transmission electron microscopy study confirms the restoration of cellular normalcy and accredits the cytoprotective role of Centella asiatica against adriamycin induced myocardial injury. Our results demonstrated elevated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in adriamycin treated rats. Moreover, on the basis of our findings it may be concluded that the aqueous extract of C. asiatica not only possesses antioxidant properties but it may also reduce the extent of mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gnanapragasam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamilnadu, India.
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Faiz M, Acarin L, Peluffo H, Villapol S, Castellano B, González B. Antioxidant Cu/Zn SOD: Expression in postnatal brain progenitor cells. Neurosci Lett 2006; 401:71-6. [PMID: 16567040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Precursor cells have been shown to be affected by oxidative stress, in vivo and vitro, but little is known about the expression of antioxidant mechanisms in neuronal/glial differentiation. We have characterized the expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), one of the main antioxidant proteins involved in the breakdown of superoxide, in the immature rat dorsolateral subventricular zone (SVZ), rostral migratory stream (RMS) and hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ). Progenitor cells were identified immunohistochemically on cryostat sections by 5'Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and expressing cells were further characterized using double labeling for progenitor markers. In the SVZ, only a subpopulation of BrdU+ cells, mostly found in the medial SVZ, expressed Cu/Zn SOD. These cells were mostly nestin+ and some were also vimentin+. In contrast, in the lateral SVZ few Cu/Zn SOD+/BrdU+ cells were found. These were primarily nestin+, vimentin-, showed some PSA-NCAM expression, but only a few were NG2+. In the RMS and SGZ virtually all BrdU+ progenitors were Cu/Zn SOD+ and expressed nestin and vimentin. Some RMS cells were also PSA-NCAM+. These findings show a heterogeneous expression of Cu/Zn SOD in restricted cell types in the germinative zones and suggest a role for antioxidant Cu/Zn SOD in progenitor cells of the immature rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Unit of Medical Histology, and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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Williams WM, Chung YW. Evidence for an age-related attenuation of cerebral microvascular antioxidant response to oxidative stress. Life Sci 2006; 79:1638-44. [PMID: 16815478 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effects of aging and oxidative stress were studied in cerebral microvessels and microvessel-depleted brain from 6-, 18-, and 24-month-old C57Bl/6J mice exposed to normoxia, 24 or 48 h hyperoxia, or 24 h hyperoxia followed by 24 h normoxia. Microvessels lacked smooth muscle and consisted predominantly of endothelium. Following exposure and isolation of microvessel and parenchymal proteins, Western blot analysis was performed for detection of cytosolic thioredoxin 1 (TRx 1) and mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 (TRx 2), protein carbonyl, and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Both microvessel and parenchymal TRx 1 levels were increased by hyperoxia; however, the microvascular response was limited and delayed in comparison to that of the parenchymal fraction. Whereas TRx 2 levels in microvessels were increased in older mice, irrespective of exposure condition, hyperoxia per se had little or no apparent effect. Parenchymal cells showed no age-related increase in TRx 2 level under normoxic conditions, but showed increased levels following hyperoxia. Microvessel MnSOD was lower than that in parenchymal cells, but increased with age under normoxia, and also was correlated with the duration of hyperoxia. Although hyperoxia augmented MnSOD levels in young (6 months) and middle-aged (18 months) animals, the response was less pronounced in microvessels from senescent, 24-month-old mice. Unlike microvessels, which showed a sustained age-related increase in MnSOD level under each exposure condition, parenchymal cells from normoxic mice showed no increase, and hyperoxia-induced elevations declined with prolonged 48 h exposure. These results indicate that the microvessel endothelium is (1) subjected to a more intense oxidative environment than neurons and glia and (2) is limited by aging in its ability to respond to oxidative insult.
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MESH Headings
- Aging
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis
- Blotting, Western
- Brain Chemistry
- Cell Separation
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Hyperoxia/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/analysis
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microcirculation/chemistry
- Microcirculation/cytology
- Microcirculation/metabolism
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Telencephalon/blood supply
- Telencephalon/chemistry
- Telencephalon/cytology
- Thioredoxins/analysis
- Thioredoxins/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Williams
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., USA.
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Peluffo H, Acarin L, Arís A, González P, Villaverde A, Castellano B, González B. Neuroprotection from NMDA excitotoxic lesion by Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene delivery to the postnatal rat brain by a modular protein vector. BMC Neurosci 2006; 7:35. [PMID: 16638118 PMCID: PMC1462999 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-7-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superoxide mediated oxidative stress is a key neuropathologic mechanism in acute central nervous system injuries. We have analyzed the neuroprotective efficacy of the transient overexpression of antioxidant enzyme Cu/Zn Superoxide dismutase (SOD) after excitotoxic injury to the immature rat brain by using a recently constructed modular protein vector for non-viral gene delivery termed NLSCt. For this purpose, animals were injected with the NLSCt vector carrying the Cu/Zn SOD or the control GFP transgenes 2 hours after intracortical N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) administration, and daily functional evaluation was performed. Moreover, 3 days after, lesion volume, neuronal degeneration and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity were evaluated. RESULTS Overexpression of Cu/Zn SOD transgene after NMDA administration showed improved functional outcome and a reduced lesion volume at 3 days post lesion. In secondary degenerative areas, increased neuronal survival as well as decreased numbers of degenerating neurons and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was seen. Interestingly, injection of the NLSCt vector carrying the control GFP transgene also displayed a significant neuroprotective effect but less pronounced. CONCLUSION When the appropriate levels of Cu/Zn SOD are expressed transiently after injury using the non-viral modular protein vector NLSCt a neuroprotective effect is seen. Thus recombinant modular protein vectors may be suitable for in vivo gene therapy, and Cu/Zn SOD should be considered as an interesting therapeutic transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Peluffo
- Unitat d'Histologia, Torre M5, Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Laia Acarin
- Unitat d'Histologia, Torre M5, Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Anna Arís
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Pau González
- Unitat d'Histologia, Torre M5, Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Antoni Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Bernardo Castellano
- Unitat d'Histologia, Torre M5, Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Berta González
- Unitat d'Histologia, Torre M5, Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Beni SM, Tsenter J, Alexandrovich AG, Galron-Krool N, Barzilai A, Kohen R, Grigoriadis N, Simeonidou C, Shohami E. CuZn-SOD deficiency, rather than overexpression, is associated with enhanced recovery and attenuated activation of NF-kappaB after brain trauma in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2006; 26:478-90. [PMID: 16094314 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide-dismutases (SOD) catalyze O2- conversion to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and with other antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) constitute endogenous defense mechanisms. We first assessed the effects of SOD1 levels on outcome after closed head injury (CHI) and later, based on these results, the effects of SOD1 deficiency on cellular redox homeostasis. Superoxide-dismutase 1-deficient (SOD1-/-) and -overexpressing (transgenic (Tg)) mice and matched wild-type (WT) controls were subjected to CHI and outcome (neurobehavioral and memory functions) was assessed during 14 days. Brain edema, LMWA, and SOD2 activity were measured along with histopathological analysis. Transactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) was evaluated by electromobility shift assay. Mortality, motor, and cognitive outcome of Tg and WT mice were comparable. Mortality and edema were similar in SOD1-/- and WT mice, yet, unexpectedly, SOD1-/- displayed better neurobehavioral recovery (P<0.05) at 14 days after CHI. Basal LMWA were higher in the cortex and liver of SOD1-/- mice (P<0.05) and similar to WT in the cerebellum. Five minutes after CHI, cortical LMWA decreased only in SOD1-/- mice. One week after CHI, SOD2 activity decreased fourfold in WT cortex (P<0.001), but was preserved in the SOD1-/-. Constitutive NF-kappaB transactivation was comparably low in SOD1-/- and WT; however, CHI induced a robust NF-kappaB activation that was absent in SOD1-/- cortices (P<0.005 versus WT). At the same time, immunohistochemical analysis of brain sections revealed that astrogliosis and neurodegeneration were of lesser severity in SOD1-/- mice. We suggest that SOD1 deficiency impairs H2O2-mediated activation of NF-kappaB, decreasing death-promoting signals, and leading to better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Beni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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43
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Sinitsyna O, Krysanova Z, Ishchenko A, Dikalova AE, Stolyarov S, Kolosova N, Vasunina E, Nevinsky G. Age-associated changes in oxidative damage and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rats with inherited overgeneration of free radicals. J Cell Mol Med 2006; 10:206-15. [PMID: 16563232 PMCID: PMC3933112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species have been hypothesized to play an important role in the process of aging. To investigate the correlation between oxidative stress and accumulation of protein and DNA damage, we have compared the age-dependent levels of protein carbonyl groups and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cytosol and mitochondrial extracts from liver cells of Wistar and OXYS rats. The latter strain is characterized by increased sensitivity to free radicals. Faster age-dependent increase in the level of protein carbonyl groups was found in OXYS as compared with Wistar rats. A complicated enzyme-specific pattern of age-dependent changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes was observed. Long-term uptake of dietary supplements Mirtilene forte (extract from the fruits of Vaccinium myrtillus L.) or Adrusen zinco (vitamin E complex with zinc, copper, selenium and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) sharply decreased the level of protein oxidation in cytosol and mitochondrial extracts of hepatocytes of Wistar and of OXYS rats. Both dietary supplements increased the activity of catalase in the liver mitochondria of OXYS rats. Our results are in agreement with the shorter life-span of OXYS and with the mitochondrial theory of aging, which postulates that accumulation of DNA and protein lesions leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerates the process of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sinitsyna
- SD RAS Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 10 Lavrentieva Ave.Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Zhanna Krysanova
- SD RAS Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 10 Lavrentieva Ave.Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Ishchenko
- SD RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave.Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna E Dikalova
- SD RAS Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 10 Lavrentieva Ave.Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S Stolyarov
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya Kolosova
- SD RAS Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 10 Lavrentieva Ave.Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Vasunina
- SD RAS Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 10 Lavrentieva Ave.Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - G Nevinsky
- SD RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave.Novosibirsk, Russia
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Takemura S, Kayama T, Kuge A, Ali H, Kokubo Y, Sato S, Kamii H, Goto K, Yoshimoto T. Correlation between copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and the proliferation of neural stem cells in aging and following focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 2006; 104:129-36. [PMID: 16509156 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2006.104.1.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Object
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been demonstrated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Although aging rats manifest a decrease in NSCs, rats exposed to stress (for example, ischemia, epilepsy, radiation, and trauma) show an increase in these cells. In transgenic mice, the overexpression of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), an endogenous antioxidant, has been reported to be a protective enzyme against transient focal cerebral ischemia. The authors investigated the correlation between SOD1 and the proliferation of NSCs in aging as chronic oxidative stress (Experiment 1) and acute oxidative stress induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia (Experiment 2) in mice.
Methods
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used in the evaluation of NSCs. In Experiment 1, NSCs in the SVZ significantly increased in 16-month-old transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice (p = 0.0001). In Experiment 2, mice were subjected to 30-minute occlusions of the middle cerebral artery. The increase in NSCs in the DG in transgenic mice was significantly greater than that in wild-type mice (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Results in this study suggest that chronic and acute oxidative stress may inhibit the proliferation of NSCs and that SOD1 may play a key role in NSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Takemura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
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Abstract
In their role as committed advocates, parents of children with Down syndrome have always sought alternative therapies, mainly to enhance cognitive function but also to improve their appearance. Nutritional supplements have been the most frequent type of complementary and alternative therapy used. Cell therapy, plastic surgery, hormonal therapy, and a host of other therapies such as massage therapy have been used. There is a lack of well-designed scientific studies on the use of alternative therapies in individuals with Down syndrome. Antioxidants hold theoretical promise for treatment of the cognitive, immune, malignancy, and premature aging problems associated with Down syndrome. Medications for treatment of Alzheimer's disease may also result in benefit for the population of individuals with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Roizen
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
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Chang EF, Claus CP, Vreman HJ, Wong RJ, Noble-Haeusslein LJ. Heme regulation in traumatic brain injury: relevance to the adult and developing brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2005; 25:1401-17. [PMID: 15917748 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial bleeding is one of the most prominent aspects in the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Substantial amounts of blood products, such as heme, are released because of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages, intraparenchymal contusions, and hematomas. Despite this, surprisingly few studies have directly addressed the role of blood products, in particular heme, in the setting of TBI. Heme is degraded by heme oxygenase (HO) into three highly bioactive products: iron, bilirubin, and carbon monoxide. The HO isozymes, in particular HO-1 and HO-2, exhibit significantly different expression patterns and appear to have specific roles after injury. Developmentally, differences between the adult and immature brain have implications for endogenous protection from oxidative stress. The aim of this paper is to review recent advances in the understanding of heme regulation and metabolism after brain injury and its specific relevance to the developing brain. These findings suggest novel clinical therapeutic options for further translational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0520, USA
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47
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Ikhmyangan EN, Vasilenko NL, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. IgG antibodies with peroxidase-like activity from the sera of healthy Wistar rats. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:3960-4. [PMID: 15993881 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Various catalytic antibodies or abzymes (Abzs) have been detected recently in the sera of patients and animals with many autoimmune diseases, where their presence is most probably associated with autoimmunization. Normal humans or animals usually do not contain Abzs. In contrast, polyclonal Abzs from healthy humans and animals have an intrinsic superoxide dismutase activity and catalyze formation of H(2)O(2) (Wentworth et al., 2000, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA; 2001, Science). Here, we present the first evidence showing that highly purified native IgGs from the sera of healthy Wistar rats interact with H(2)O(2) and possess peroxidase-like activity. Specific peroxidase activity of IgG preparations from the sera of 10 rats varied in the range 1.6-27% as compared with that for horseradish peroxidase (100%). Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and glutathione peroxidases are known to represent critical defence mechanisms for preventing oxidative modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids. Antioxidant peroxidase activity of Abzs can also play an important role in the protection of organisms from oxidative stress as well as in oxidation of toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdenechimeg N Ikhmyangan
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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48
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Kowald A, Lehrach H, Klipp E. Alternative pathways as mechanism for the negative effects associated with overexpression of superoxide dismutase. J Theor Biol 2005; 238:828-40. [PMID: 16085106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 06/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important antioxidant enzymes is superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyses the dismutation of superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme plays an important role in diseases like trisomy 21 and also in theories of the mechanisms of aging. But instead of being beneficial, intensified oxidative stress is associated with the increased expression of SOD and also studies on bacteria and transgenic animals show that high levels of SOD actually lead to increased lipid peroxidation and hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. Using mathematical models we investigate the question how overexpression of SOD can lead to increased oxidative stress, although it is an antioxidant enzyme. We consider the following possibilities that have been proposed in the literature: (i) Reaction of H(2)O(2) with CuZnSOD leading to hydroxyl radical formation. (ii) Superoxide radicals might reduce membrane damage by acting as radical chain breaker. (iii) While detoxifying superoxide radicals SOD cycles between a reduced and oxidized state. At low superoxide levels the intermediates might interact with other redox partners and increase the superoxide reductase (SOR) activity of SOD. This short-circuiting of the SOD cycle could lead to an increased hydrogen peroxide production. We find that only one of the proposed mechanisms is under certain circumstances able to explain the increased oxidative stress caused by SOD. But furthermore we identified an additional mechanism that is of more general nature and might be a common basis for the experimental findings. We call it the alternative pathway mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kowald
- Kinetic Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Subathra M, Shila S, Devi MA, Panneerselvam C. Emerging role of Centella asiatica in improving age-related neurological antioxidant status. Exp Gerontol 2005; 40:707-15. [PMID: 16026958 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals have been hypothesized to play an important role in ageing process. There exists an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense mechanism, which may lead to cell death during ageing. Our study was designed to determine whether extract of Centella asiatica, an antioxidant, when administered orally (300 mg/kg body weight/day) for 60 days would prevent age-related changes in antioxidant defense system, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl (PCO) content in rat brain regions such as cortex, hypothalamus, striatum, cerebellum and hippocampus. Aged rats elicited a significant decline in the antioxidant status and increased the LPO and PCO as compared to control rats in all five regions studied. The increase in LPO and PCO contents were (64%, 34%) in cortex, (86%, 30%) in cerebellum, (51%, 47%) in striatum, (77%, 27%) in hypothalamus and (58%, 45%) in hippocampus, respectively, in aged rats as compared to young rats. Supplementation of C. asiatica was effective in reducing brain regional LPO and PCO levels and in increasing the antioxidant status. Thus, C. asiatica by acting as a potent antioxidant exerted significant neuroprotective effect and proved efficacious in protecting rat brain against age related oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Subathra
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr AL Mudaliar PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
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Peluffo H, Acarin L, Faiz M, Castellano B, Gonzalez B. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase expression in the postnatal rat brain following an excitotoxic injury. J Neuroinflammation 2005; 2:12. [PMID: 15929797 PMCID: PMC1164430 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the nervous system, as in other organs, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme involved in superoxide detoxification in normal cellular metabolism and after cell injury. Although it has been suggested that immature brain has a different susceptibility to oxidative damage than adult brain, the distribution and cell-specific expression of this enzyme in immature brain and after postnatal brain damage has not been documented. Methods In this study, we used immunohistochemistry and western blot to analyze the expression of Cu/Zn SOD in intact immature rat brain and in immature rat brain after an NMDA-induced excitotoxic cortical injury performed at postnatal day 9. Double immunofluorescence labelling was used to identify Cu/Zn SOD-expressing cell populations. Results In intact immature brain, Cu/Zn SOD enzyme was widely expressed at high levels in neurons mainly located in cortical layers II, III and V, in the sub-plate, in the pyriform cortex, in the hippocampus, and in the hypothalamus. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells only showed Cu/Zn SOD expression in the glia limitans and in scattered cells of the ventricle walls. No expression was detected in interfascicular oligodendroglia, microglia or endothelial cells. Following excitotoxic damage, neuronal Cu/Zn SOD was rapidly downregulated (over 2–4 hours) at the injection site before neurodegeneration signals and TUNEL staining were observed. Later, from 1 day post-lesion onward, an upregulation of Cu/Zn SOD was found due to increased expression in astroglia. A further increase was observed at 3, 5 and 7 days that corresponded to extensive induction of Cu/Zn SOD in highly reactive astrocytes and in the astroglial scar. Conclusion We show here that, in the intact immature brain, the expression of Cu/Zn SOD was mainly found in neurons. When damage occurs, a strong and very rapid downregulation of this enzyme precedes neuronal degeneration, and is followed by an upregulation of Cu/Zn SOD in astroglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Peluffo
- Unit of Histology, Department Of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology; Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Laia Acarin
- Unit of Histology, Department Of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology; Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Maryam Faiz
- Unit of Histology, Department Of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology; Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Bernardo Castellano
- Unit of Histology, Department Of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology; Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Berta Gonzalez
- Unit of Histology, Department Of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology; Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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