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Arcoverde KN, Alves LDSA, Cavalcante JM, Maranhão ACPDM, Jurema AP, Araújo-Silva G, Urizar JTP, de Paula VV. Pharmacotherapeutic monitoring of dipyrone in northeastern Brazilian donkeys (Equus asinus). Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:105034. [PMID: 37820460 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to monitor the effects of dipyrone following multiple administrations in northeastern donkeys. Ten castrated male donkeys, aged 6.4 ± 3 years and weighing 130.6 ± 9.8 kg, were administered dipyrone (25 mg/kg IV) every 12 h, resulting in six administrations (D1 to D6) per animal. Blood samples were collected over a 72 h monitoring period. A validated UHPLC-MS/MS method was employed to determine the plasma concentrations of the 4- methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAA) and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AA). The calculated pharmacokinetic variables of 4-MAA after D1 and D6 were, respectively: Cmax (μg/mL) = 163.60 ± 179.72 and 178.79 ± 196.94; T1/2beta (h) = 2.65 ± 0.65 and 3.37 ± 1.03; and AUC0-t (μg/mL × h) = 240.38 ± 130.87 and 373.52 ± 78.85. The same variables for 4-AA were: Cmax, (μg/mL) = 0.44 ± 0.27 and 0.90 ± 0.31, T1/2beta (h) = 14.77 ± 13.13 and 35.97 and AUC0-t (μg/mL × h) = 3.20 ± 0.43 and 27.73 ± 11.99. Concentrations of 4-MAA exceeded the minimum concentration required for 50% inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. However, an accumulation of 4-AA, was observed. Further clinical studies are necessary to ascertain the implications of these findings on the pharmacodynamic response to dipyrone in northeastern donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Nóbrega Arcoverde
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 572, Rua Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59.625-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Sant Ana Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 572, Rua Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59.625-900, Brazil
| | - Jerson Marques Cavalcante
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 572, Rua Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59.625-900, Brazil
| | | | - Artur Pereira Jurema
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 572, Rua Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59.625-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Araújo-Silva
- Universidade do Estado do Amapá, 650, Avenida Presidente Vargas, Centro, Macapá, AP 68.900-070, Brazil
| | - José Trinidad Pérez Urizar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 6, Avenida Doutor Manuel Nava, Zona Universitaria, San Luis, SLP 78210, Mexico
| | - Valéria Veras de Paula
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 572, Rua Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59.625-900, Brazil.
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Semaoui R, Ouafi S, Machado S, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR, Oliveira MBPP. Infusion of aerial parts of Salvia chudaei Batt. & Trab. from Algeria: Chemical, toxicological and bioactivities characterization. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114455. [PMID: 34320383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia chudaei Batt. & Trab. from Algeria is traditionally used to relieve several dysfunctions, including inflammatory and pain-related situations. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aimed to confirm scientifically the referred properties. For that, the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity were evaluated as well as acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of different doses of the infusion of S. chudaei aerial parts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Infusion of aerial parts of S. chudaei was prepared and screened for phenolic composition by generalized methods TPC and TFC then by LC-DAD-ESI/MSn. DPPH and FRAP were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Using mice, acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory by carrageenan-induced paw edema, and analgesic by acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced pain activities were tested. RESULTS The infusion showed 2018 mg GAE/100g DW of phenolics and 1956 mg ECE/100g DW of flavonoids. Phenolic profile by LC-DAD-ESI/MSn revealed the presence of ten compounds: syringic acid hexoside derivative, kaempferol-O-diglucuronide, kaempferol-O-deoxyhexoside-hexoside, kaempferol-O-glucuronide, apigenin-O-diglucuronide, caffeic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, eriodictyol-O-glucuronide, rosmarinic acid hexoside, and rosmarinic acid. This acid was the major compound representing 54% of the total content of the identified compounds and an absolute content of 18 mg/g of extract. Additionally, the infusion exhibited a good antioxidant activity (DPPH: 81 μmol TE/g DW, FRAP: 438 μmol FSE/g DW). By oral administration to mice, the infusion showed a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent reduction of carrageenan-induced inflammation and inhibition of formalin-induced pain (late and early phase) and acetic acid-induced writhing compared with the control. On the other hand, infusion up to 8 g/kg b.w. showed no signs of toxicity or mortality. CONCLUSION This study reveals, for the first time, that the infusion of the aerial parts of S. chudaei is not toxic in a single dose and has remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities, supporting the use of this species in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Semaoui
- Research Laboratory on Arid Zones, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Saida Ouafi
- Research Laboratory on Arid Zones, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Susana Machado
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Pereira MA, Campos KD, Gonçalves LA, Dos Santos RS, Flôr PB, Ambrósio AM, Otsuki DA, Matera JM, Gomes CO, Fantoni DT. Cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 inhibition and analgesic efficacy of dipyrone at different doses or meloxicam in cats after ovariohysterectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 48:7-16. [PMID: 33257279 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cyclooxygenases (COX) inhibition, adverse effects and analgesic efficacy of dipyrone or meloxicam in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, blinded, randomized, clinical study. ANIMALS A total of 30 healthy young cats. METHODS The cats were randomly assigned to three postoperative groups: D25 (dipyrone 25 mg kg-1 every 24 hours), D12.5 (dipyrone 12.5 mg kg-1 every 12 hours) and M (meloxicam 0.1 mg kg-1 every 24 hours). In the first 24 hours, the drugs were administered intravenously (IV), and then orally for 6 (dipyrone) or 3 days (meloxicam). Prostanoids thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 concentrations served as indicators of COX activity and, with physiological variables and pain and sedation scores, were measured for 24 hours after first analgesic administration. Rescue analgesia (tramadol, 2 mg kg-1 IV) was provided if Glasgow feline composite measure pain scale (CMPS-Feline) ≥5. Laboratory tests included symmetric dimethylarginine and adverse effects were evaluated regularly up to 7 and 10 days after surgery, respectively. Parametric and nonparametric data were analyzed with two-way anova and Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively (p < 0.05). RESULTS In the first half hour after analgesic administration, COX-1 activity was close to zero and remained significantly lower than before drug administration for 24 hours in all groups. The inhibition of COX-2 activity was significant for 30 minutes in all groups and up to 4 hours in group M. No alterations in laboratory tests or significant adverse effects were observed. Pain scores and need for rescue analgesia did not differ statistically among groups. CONCLUSIONS Dipyrone at both doses and meloxicam provided a nonselective inhibition of COX-1 and -2 activities and effective analgesia without causing significant adverse effects or laboratory tests alterations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dipyrone at both doses provides equally effective analgesia without causing adverse effects in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aa Pereira
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Karina D Campos
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Gonçalves
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana St Dos Santos
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia B Flôr
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline M Ambrósio
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise A Otsuki
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 08-Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia M Matera
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Oms Gomes
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise T Fantoni
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Dias ÊR, Freire Dias TDLM, Alexandre-Moreira MS, Branco A. Flavonoid-rich fraction from Pleroma pereirae (Melastomataceae): Effects on calcium oxalate crystallization, antioxidant and antinociceptive activities. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Effect of thiazolidinedione phenylacetate derivatives on wound-healing activity. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 42:790-814. [PMID: 29948772 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 4-((2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)phenyl 2-phenylacetate derivatives as potential wound-healing agents. The IC50 values of the lead compounds ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 µM. These compounds also increased the levels of extracellular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in A549 cells. Among the synthesized compounds, compounds 66, 67, 69, and 86 increased PGE2 levels 3- to 4-fold of those achieved with the negative control. Introduction of a halogen at the intermediate phenyl ring, compounds 66, 67, 69, and 86 resulted in higher IC50 values, which indicated lower cytotoxicity than that observed upon the introduction of other substituents at the same position. In particular, cells exposed to compound 69 showed significantly improved wound healing, and the wound closure rate achieved was approximately 3.2-fold higher than that of the control. Therefore, compound 69 can be used for tissue regeneration and treatment of diverse diseases caused by PGE2 deficiency. Overall, our findings suggested that compound 69 might be a novel candidate for skin wound therapy.
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Lampl C, Likar R. [Metamizole (dipyrone): mode of action, drug-drug interactions, and risk of agranulocytosis]. Schmerz 2016; 28:584-90. [PMID: 25199942 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-014-1490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metamizole (dipyrone) is a nonsteroidal compound with strong analgesic as well as antipyretic and spasmolytic properties. Based on a small number of cases of agranulocytosis, metamizole was withdrawn from the market in some countries. Other countries restricted its use. This paper discusses the safety aspects of metamizole and compares it with other compounds used for similar indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lampl
- Abteilung für Neurogeriatrie und Remobilisation, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, 4020, Linz, Österreich,
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Dias ÊR, Dias TDLMF, Alexandre-Moreira MS, Branco A. Antinociceptive activity of Tibouchina pereirae, an endemic plant from the Brazilian semiarid region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 71:261-5. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The anti-nociceptive activity of an extract of Tibouchina pereirae Aubl (AETP) was investigated using two models of chemically induced pain, viz. the acetic acid-induced writhing and the formalin test, respectively, with dipyrone and indomethacin as reference drugs, respectively. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, AETP application (100 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction of writhing produced by acetic acid. In the formalin test, AETP reduced the formalin effects significantly only in the late phase. These findings thus indicate the involvement of AETP only in peripheral antinociceptive mechanisms. In addition, AETP exhibited good antioxidant activity (EC50 approx. 15 μg/mL) in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Êuder Reis Dias
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexsandro Branco
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 44.036-900. Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil , Tel.: +55 75 3161-8160
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Piao YL, Seo SY, Lim SC, Cho H. Wound healing effects of new 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:325-32. [PMID: 25458900 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that the antidiabetic drug ciglitazone and its analogs were potent inhibitors of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). In continuing attempts to develop highly potent 15-PGDH inhibitors, a series of thiazolidinedione analogs were synthesized and tested. Compound 17 exhibited IC50 of 45 nM. This compound also significantly increased levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in A549 cells by approximately eight-fold that in the control. Much experimental data suggests that PGE2 plays a role in the prevention of excessive scarring. However, it has a very short half-life in blood, its oxidization to 15-ketoprostaglandins is catalyzed by 15-PGDH. Therefore, 15-PGDH inhibitors may have utility for the therapeutic management of diseases requiring elevated PGE2 levels. Scratch wounds were analyzed in confluent monolayers of HaCaT cells. Cells exposed to compound 17 showed significantly improved wound healing with respect to a control.
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Chauhan N, Taliyan R, Sharma PL. Effect of dipyrone and thalidomide alone and in combination on STZ-induced diabetic neuropathic pain. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:527-38. [PMID: 22249337 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is recognized as one of the most common complications of chronic diabetes, but its pathophysiological mechanism is complex and yet to be completely explored. Monotherapy with conventional analgesics fails to provide adequate pain relief in peripheral diabetic neuropathy. There are a number of evidence suggesting that tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of peripheral diabetic neuropathy. TNF-α up-regulation activates nuclear factor κB, which further up-regulates cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 leading to altered prostaglandin profile. Inhibition of TNF-α and COX-2 provides beneficial effect on diabetic neuropathy by decreasing the oxidative stress level and by preventing neuronal hypersensitivity due to an increased prostaglandin level. The present study was designed to assess the effect of dipyrone and thalidomide on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neuropathic pain behavior in rats. STZ 50 mg/kg, i.p. was administered to induce experimental diabetes in the rats. Three weeks following STZ, dipyrone (300 and 600 mg/kg, i.p.) and thalidomide (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) alone and subeffective dose combination of dipyrone and thalidomide (300 and 25 mg/kg(-1), i.p.) administered daily for 2 weeks significantly attenuated thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and formalin-induced phase-2 flinching response. Moreover, the subeffective dose combination of dipyrone and thalidomide and preemptive treatment with thalidomide (50 mg/kg) reduces oxidative stress in diabetic rats. In conclusion, the combination of subeffective dose of dipyrone and thalidomide prevented the development and maintenance of experimental diabetic neuropathy. The combination of thalidomide (TNF-α inhibitor) and dipyrone (COX inhibitor) may be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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Rogosch T, Sinning C, Podlewski A, Watzer B, Schlosburg J, Lichtman AH, Cascio MG, Bisogno T, Di Marzo V, Nüsing R, Imming P. Novel bioactive metabolites of dipyrone (metamizol). Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:101-7. [PMID: 22172309 PMCID: PMC3248997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Dipyrone is a common antipyretic drug and the most popular non-opioid analgesic in many countries. In spite of its long and widespread use, molecular details of its fate in the body are not fully known. We administered dipyrone orally to mice. Two unknown metabolites were found, viz. the arachidonoyl amides of the known major dipyrone metabolites, 4-methylaminoantipyrine (2) and 4-aminoantipyrine (3). They were identified by ESI-LC-MS/MS after extraction from the CNS, and comparison with reference substances prepared synthetically. The arachidonoyl amides were positively tested for cannabis receptor binding (CB(1) and CB(2)) and cyclooxygenase inhibition (COX-1 and COX-2 in tissues and as isolated enzymes), suggesting that the endogenous cannabinoid system may play a role in the effects of dipyrone against pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Rogosch
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Agnes Podlewski
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzer
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joel Schlosburg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Aron H. Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Maria G. Cascio
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Tiziana Bisogno
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Rolf Nüsing
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Peter Imming
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle, Germany
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Malvar DDC, Soares DM, Fabrício ASC, Kanashiro A, Machado RR, Figueiredo MJ, Rae GA, de Souza GEP. The antipyretic effect of dipyrone is unrelated to inhibition of PGE(2) synthesis in the hypothalamus. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1401-9. [PMID: 21133897 PMCID: PMC3058171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces fever through two parallel pathways; one, prostaglandin (PG)-dependent and the other, PG-independent and involving endothelin-1 (ET-1). For a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dipyrone exerts antipyresis, we have investigated its effects on fever and changes in PGE(2) content in plasma, CSF and hypothalamus induced by either LPS or ET-1. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were given (i.p.) dipyrone (120 mg·kg(-1)) or indomethacin (2 mg·kg(-1)) 30 min before injection of LPS (5 µg·kg(-1), i.v.) or ET-1 (1 pmol, i.c.v.). Rectal temperature was measured by tele-thermometry. PGE(2) levels were determined in the plasma, CSF and hypothalamus by elisa. KEY RESULTS LPS or ET-1 induced fever and increased CSF and hypothalamic PGE(2) levels. Two hours after LPS, indomethacin reduced CSF and hypothalamic PGE(2) but did not inhibit fever, while at 3 h it reduced all three parameters. Three hours after ET-1, indomethacin inhibited the increase in CSF and hypothalamic PGE(2) levels but did not affect fever. Dipyrone abolished both the fever and the increased CSF PGE(2) levels induced by LPS or ET-1 but did not affect the increased hypothalamic PGE(2) levels. Dipyrone also reduced the increase in the venous plasma PGE(2) concentration induced by LPS. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings confirm that PGE(2) does not play a relevant role in ET-1-induced fever. They also demonstrate for the first time that the antipyretic effect of dipyrone was not mechanistically linked to the inhibition of hypothalamic PGE(2) synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David do C Malvar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Linke B, Pierre S, Coste O, Angioni C, Becker W, Maier TJ, Steinhilber D, Wittpoth C, Geisslinger G, Scholich K. Toponomics Analysis of Drug-Induced Changes in Arachidonic Acid-Dependent Signaling Pathways during Spinal Nociceptive Processing. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:4851-9. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900106v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bona Linke
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, and MelTec GmbH&Co KG, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, and MelTec GmbH&Co KG, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ovidiu Coste
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, and MelTec GmbH&Co KG, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, and MelTec GmbH&Co KG, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Becker
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, and MelTec GmbH&Co KG, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Jürgen Maier
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, and MelTec GmbH&Co KG, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, and MelTec GmbH&Co KG, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claus Wittpoth
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, and MelTec GmbH&Co KG, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, and MelTec GmbH&Co KG, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany, and MelTec GmbH&Co KG, Magdeburg, Germany
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Donaldson LF. Neurogenic Mechanisms in Arthritis. NEUROGENIC INFLAMMATION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7443(08)10410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sinning C, Watzer B, De Petrocellis L, Di Marzo V, Imming P. Dopamides, Vanillylamides, Ethanolamides, and Arachidonic Acid Amides of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Drug Substances as TRPV1 Ligands. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1956-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Yang K, Bai H, Ouyang Q, Lai L, Tang C. Finding multiple target optimal intervention in disease-related molecular network. Mol Syst Biol 2008; 4:228. [PMID: 18985027 PMCID: PMC2673713 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2008.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs against multiple targets may overcome the many limitations of single targets and achieve a more effective and safer control of the disease. Numerous high-throughput experiments have been performed in this emerging field. However, systematic identification of multiple drug targets and their best intervention requires knowledge of the underlying disease network and calls for innovative computational methods that exploit the network structure and dynamics. Here, we develop a robust computational algorithm for finding multiple target optimal intervention (MTOI) solutions in a disease network. MTOI identifies potential drug targets and suggests optimal combinations of the target intervention that best restore the network to a normal state, which can be customer designed. We applied MTOI to an inflammation-related network. The well-known side effects of the traditional non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs and the recently recalled Vioxx were correctly accounted for in our network model. A number of promising MTOI solutions were found to be both effective and safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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16
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dipyrone is an analgesic and antipyretic agent. The purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of dipyrone exposures reported to poison centers. METHODS Human dipyrone exposures reported to 6 Texas poison centers from 1998 to 2004 were identified. Isolated and non-isolated cases were compared with respect to various factors. RESULTS When compared to the Census, dipyrone exposures were significantly more likely to have been reported from regions closer to the Mexican border (53% vs 9%). Of 81 dipyrone exposures, 52 (64%) were isolated and 29 (36%) were non-isolated. Most of the dipyrone exposures occurred at the patient's own residence (72/76 or 95%) and the patients were more likely to be female (54/81 or 67%). Although the majority of both types of dipyrone exposures were adults (47/78 or 60%), children, less than 6 years of age, accounted for a higher proportion of isolated exposures (33% vs 10%) while a higher proportion of non-isolated exposures involved older children (28% vs 8%). Twenty-two percent (11/51) of isolated cases were intentional while 59% (17/29) of non-isolated cases were intentional. Of those cases with a known medical outcome, the medical outcome was no adverse clinical effect for 76% (16/21) of isolated exposures and 42% (8/19) of non-isolated exposures. The specific adverse clinical effects reported for isolated exposures were primarily neurological (n = 6), gastrointestinal (n = 4), and dermal (n = 3). The most frequently reported treatment for isolated exposures was some form of decontamination (n = 11). CONCLUSIONS Isolated and non-isolated dipyrone exposures varied with respect to patient age, exposure reason, management site, medical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias B Forrester
- Texas Department of State Health Services, 1100 W. 49th Street, Austin, TX 78756, USA.
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17
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Kelly S, Dunham JP, Donaldson LF. Sensory nerves have altered function contralateral to a monoarthritis and may contribute to the symmetrical spread of inflammation. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:935-42. [PMID: 17714187 PMCID: PMC2121144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and rat models of RA exhibit symmetrical mirror-image spread. Many studies have sought to understand the underlying mechanisms and have reported contralateral effects that are manifested in many different forms. It is now well accepted that neurogenic mechanisms contribute to the symmetrical spread of inflammation. However, very few investigators have directly assessed changes in contralateral nerve function and there is a paucity of data. In the present study our aim was to investigate whether there are changes, in particular in the nervous system but also in the vascular system contralateral to an inflamed rat knee joint, that might precede overt inflammation and symmetrical spread. Three to five days following Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) injection we found spontaneous antidromic (away from the CNS) activity in the homologous sensory nerve contralateral to the inflamed joint. Antidromic activity of this nature is known to result in the peripheral release of pro-inflammatory and vasoactive neuropeptides. Importantly, this activity was modulated by systemic analgesic treatment. Furthermore, levels of Evans blue dye extravasation were significantly increased in the joint contralateral to inflammation, indicating altered vascular function. These data suggest that contralateral increases in sensory neural activity and vascular function may account for the symmetrical spread of RA, and that early analgesic treatment may prevent or delay the spread of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kelly
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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18
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Nossaman BD, Baber SR, Nazim MM, Waldron PR, Hyman AL, Kadowitz PJ. Acetaminophen, phenacetin and dipyrone do not modulate pressor responses to arachidonic Acid or to pressor agents. Pharmacology 2007; 80:249-60. [PMID: 17627114 DOI: 10.1159/000105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the nonopioid analgesics phenacetin, acetaminophen and dipyrone exhibit weak anti-inflammatory properties. An explanation for this difference in pharmacologic activity was provided by the recent discovery of a new cyclooxygenase isoform, cyclooxygenase (COX)-3, that is reported to be inhibited by phenacetin, acetaminophen and dipyrone. However, COX-3 was found to be a spliced variant of COX-1 and renamed COX-1b. Although recent studies provide evidence for the existence of this new COX isoform, it is uncertain whether this COX-3 (COX-1b) isoform, or putative acetaminophen-sensitive pathway, plays a role in the generation of vasoactive prostaglandins. NSAIDs increase systemic blood pressure by inhibiting the formation of vasodilator prostanoids. Angiotensin II, norepinephrine and other vasoconstrictor agents have been reported to release prostaglandins. It is possible that this acetaminophen-sensitive pathway also modulates pressor responses to these vasoconstrictor agents. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether this acetaminophen-sensitive pathway plays a role in the generation of vasoactive products of arachidonic acid or in the modulation of vasoconstrictor responses in the pulmonary and systemic vascular bed of the intact-chest rat. In the present study, the nonopioid analgesics did not attenuate changes in pulmonary or systemic arterial pressure in response to injections of the prostanoid precursor, arachidonic acid, to the thromboxane A(2) mimic, U46619, or to angiotensin II or norepinephrine. The results of the present study do not provide evidence in support of a role of a functional COX-3 (COX-1b) isoform, or an acetaminophen-sensitive pathway, in the generation of vasoactive prostanoids or in the modulation of responses to vasoconstrictor hormones in the intact-chest rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby D Nossaman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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19
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Pierre SC, Schmidt R, Brenneis C, Michaelis M, Geisslinger G, Scholich K. Inhibition of cyclooxygenases by dipyrone. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:494-503. [PMID: 17435797 PMCID: PMC2013970 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dipyrone is a potent analgesic drug that has been demonstrated to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX). In contrast to classical COX-inhibitors, such as aspirin-like drugs, dipyrone has no anti-inflammatory effect and a low gastrointestinal toxicity, indicating a different mode of action. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of dipyrone on COX. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The four major metabolites of dipyrone, including the two pharmacologically active metabolites, 4-methyl-amino-antipyrine (MAA) and amino-antipyrine (AA), were used to characterise their binding to COX and haem as well as their effects on the biochemical properties of COX. Mass spectrometry, UV and visible photometry were used to study binding and prostaglandin production. Levels of anti-oxidant enzymes were assessed by Western blotting. KEY RESULTS The pharmacologically active metabolites of dipyrone, MAA and AA, did not inhibit COX activity in vitro like classical COX inhibitors, but instead redirected the prostaglandin synthesis, ruling out inhibition of COX through binding to its active site. We found that MAA and AA formed stable complexes with haem and reacted with hydrogen peroxide in presence of haem, ferrous ions (Fe(2+)) or COX. Moreover, MAA reduced Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) and accordingly increased lipid peroxidation and the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes in cultured cells and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that the pharmacologically active metabolites of dipyrone inhibit COX activity by sequestering radicals which initiate the catalytic activity of this enzyme or through the reduction of the oxidative states of the COX protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Pierre
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt, ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Schmidt
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt, ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Brenneis
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt, ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Michaelis
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt, ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Scholich
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt, ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
- Author for correspondence:
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20
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Ortega-Varela LF, Herrera JE, Caram-Salas NL, Rocha-González HI, Granados-Soto V. Isobolographic analyses of the gabapentin-metamizol combination after local peripheral, intrathecal and oral administration in the rat. Pharmacology 2007; 79:214-22. [PMID: 17389816 DOI: 10.1159/000101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the possible antinociceptive interaction between gabapentin and metamizol on formalin-induced nociception. Gabapentin, metamizol or a fixed dose-ratio combination of both drugs were assessed after local peripheral, intrathecal and oral administration in rats. Isobolographic analyses were employed to define the nature of the interaction between drugs. Gabapentin, metamizol and gabapentin-metamizol combinations yielded a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect when administered by the three different routes. ED30 values were estimated for the individual drugs and isobolograms were constructed. Theoretical ED30 values for the combination estimated from the isobolograms were 21.11 +/- 1.17 microg/paw, 104.6 +/- 5.5 microg/rat and 78.8 +/- 5.5 mg/kg for the local peripheral, intrathecal and oral administration routes, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the experimentally obtained ED30 values which were 11.3 +/- 1.5 microg/paw, 36.8 +/- 3.1 microg/rat and 15 +/- 1.2 mg/kg indicating a synergistic interaction. Systemic administration resulted in the highest synergism. Data confirm that low doses of the gabapentin and metamizol can interact synergistically to reduce formalin-induced nociceptive behavior suggesting that this combination could be useful to treat inflammatory pain in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Ortega-Varela
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF, Mexico
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipyrone is a pyrazolone derivative used as an analgesic and antipyretic. Agranulocytosis, dipyrone's most serious and potentially fatal adverse effect, has led to its withdrawal in several countries. However, agranulocytosis is subject to geographical variability, ratio with at risks ranging from 0.8-23.7. In many countries dipyrone is still widely used in adults and children and even as an over-the-counter (OTC) preparation. Information on the effects of dipyrone overdose is scanty. OBJECTIVE To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of dipyrone overdose. METHODS Retrospective review of prospectively collected poison center data on acute exposure to dipyrone over a three-year period. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis. Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square analysis were performed where relevant. RESULTS A total of 243 records met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Median age was 17y (4m-83y), median amount 5 g (250 mg-45 g), and median time to consultation was 2 h (5 min-48 h). Toxic events (49) occurred in 39 (16%) patients; 57% of these were gastrointestinal and all were mild. Time to consultation was longer in the symptomatic patients (4 h vs. 1.5 h, respectively, p=0.001) and in children (8 h vs. 3.5 h in adults). Suicidal patients ingested significantly larger amounts (8 g vs. 3.7 g, respectively, p=0.001), as did patients with gastrointestinal symptomatology (7.5 g vs. 5 g in asymptomatics, p=0.001). No agranulocytosis was reported. DISCUSSION Dipyrone overdose is associated with mild, mainly gastrointestinal toxicity; this was noted at a median dose of 7.5 g. Early gastrointestinal decontamination may have prevented toxicity. The suggested treatment includes gastrointestinal decontamination (if <1 h since ingestion) and supportive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedidia Bentur
- Faculty of Medicine, Israel Poison Information Center, Rambam Medical Center, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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22
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Siebel JS, Beirith A, Calixto JB. Evidence for the involvement of metabotropic glutamatergic, neurokinin 1 receptor pathways and protein kinase C in the antinociceptive effect of dipyrone in mice. Brain Res 2004; 1003:61-7. [PMID: 15019564 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2003.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate further the mechanisms involved in the antinociception caused by dipyrone, given by intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intrathecal (i.t.) routes. The intraperitoneal administration of dipyrone to mice 30 min prior resulted in a significant and dose-related inhibition of the biting responses induced by i.t. injection of glutamate, trans-ACPD or substance P (SP). In addition, dipyrone given by i.t. route, 15 min before glutamate, trans-ACPD or SP, also produced a significant reduction in their nociceptive effects. In addition, dipyrone given by i.t. route, 15 min before glutamate, trans-ACPD or SP, also produced a significant reduction in their nociceptive effects. Dipyrone, given either systemically (i.p.) or by i.t. route also caused a dose-dependent inhibition of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced nociception. Given by systemic route, dipyrone inhibited PMA-induced paw oedema formation. Collectively, these results extend previous data from our group indicating that glutamatergic-mediated pain responses, specifically those mediated by metabotropic receptor subtype, together with inhibition of neurokinin NK(1)-mediated response, account for the antinociceptive action of dipyrone in mice. Furthermore, we have also produced experimental evidence indicating that the activation of the protein kinase C-dependent pathway plays a role in the dipyrone antinociceptive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice S Siebel
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Ferreira Lima, 82, Florianópolis, SC 88015-420, Brazil
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23
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Poveda R, Planas E, Pol O, Romero A, Sánchez S, Puig MM. Interaction between metamizol and tramadol in a model of acute visceral pain in rats. Eur J Pain 2003; 7:439-48. [PMID: 12935796 DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(03)00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tramadol (TRM) and metamizol (MTZ) are drugs with complex mechanisms of action, extensively used in combination in pain management. In the present investigation we have evaluated the interaction between MTZ:TRM in the ethacrinic acid writhing test in rats. Dose-response curves (s.c.) were obtained for each drug individually, combined in fixed potency ratios (1:0.3, 1:1, 1:3), and for MTZ in presence of a fixed-dose of TRM (3.5 mg/kg). Interactions were analysed using isobolograms, interaction indexes (INT-I) and ANOVA. We used naloxone (1 mg/kg s.c.) to determine the opioid-component of the effects (ED80). Isobolograms demonstrated antagonism at the ED20, for 1:0.3 and 1:3 mixtures (p<0.01), whereas 1:1 was additive. At the ED50 and ED80 all combinations showed synergy. Fixed-dose experiments demonstrated that treatment (p<0.0001), dose (p<0.0001), and their interaction (p<0.0001) were statistically significant. Naloxone partially antagonized TRM (67%), but not MTZ; the percentage reversal of the combinations was directly related to the dose of TRM in the combination. The results show that the MTZ:TRM interaction on antinociception is synergistic or antagonistic depending on the level of effect. Synergy is demonstrated at 50% or higher levels, thus supporting the results obtained in humans by our group. Below the ED50 antagonism or additivity is present depending on the ratio of the combination. The mechanisms of the interaction remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Poveda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Odontology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08807, Spain
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24
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Ortiz MI, Castañeda-Hernández G, Granados-Soto V. Possible involvement of potassium channels in peripheral antinociception induced by metamizol: lack of participation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003; 74:465-70. [PMID: 12479968 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(02)01023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present work assessed the possible participation of K+ channels in the peripheral antinociceptive action of metamizol in the 1% formalin test. Ipsilateral, but not contralateral, local peripheral administration of metamizol produced a dose-dependent antinociception only during the second phase of the formalin test. K+ channel blockers alone did not modify formalin-induced nociceptive behavior. However, local peripheral pretreatment of the paw with charybdotoxin and apamin (large- and small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel blockers, respectively), 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium (voltage-dependent K+ channel inhibitors), but not glibenclamide or tolbutamide (ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibitors), dose-dependently prevented metamizol-induced antinociception. The above results suggest that metamizol could open large- and small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels, but not ATP-sensitive K+ channels, in order to produce its peripheral antinociceptive effect in the formalin test. The participation of voltage-dependent K+ channels was also suggested, but since nonselective inhibitors were used, the data await further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario I Ortiz
- Sección Externa de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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25
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Ergün H, Uzbay İT, Çelik T, Kayir H, Yeşilyurt Ö, Tulunay FC. Dipyrone inhibits ethanol withdrawal and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in rats. Drug Dev Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Aguirre-Bañuelos P, Granados-Soto V. Evidence for a peripheral mechanism of action for the potentiation of the antinociceptive effect of morphine by dipyrone. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1999; 42:79-85. [PMID: 10924890 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8719(00)00046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The potentiation of the antinociceptive effect of morphine by dipyrone (metamizol) and the possible participation of a peripheral mechanism on such synergism were studied with the use of the formalin test in the rat. Nociception was induced by the intraplantar injection of diluted formalin (1%) in the right hind paw. Local administration of either dipyrone or morphine in the site of injury produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect. When combined, noneffective doses of morphine (1.25 microg/paw) and dipyrone (100 microg/paw) produced a significantly greater antinociceptive effect compared with either drug alone or saline. The opioid antagonist naloxone partly reversed the effect of the dipyrone-morphine combination. On the other hand, the inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, N(G)-L-nitro-arginine methylester (L-NAME), but not its inactive isomer, D-NAME, completely antagonized the effect of the dipyrone-morphine combination. These results suggest that the potentiation of morphine-induced antinociception by dipyrone in the formalin test requires an important participation of local release of NO, activating the NO-cyclic GMP pathway at the peripheral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aguirre-Bañuelos
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Naciona, Mexico
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27
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Beirith A, Santos AR, Rodrigues AL, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Calixto JB. Spinal and supraspinal antinociceptive action of dipyrone in formalin, capsaicin and glutamate tests. Study of the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 345:233-45. [PMID: 9592021 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dipyrone injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subplantarly into the mouse paw caused dose-related antinociception against the early and the late phases of formalin-induced licking, with mean ID50 values of 154.5 and 263.7 micromol/kg, and 2.6 and 1.2 micromol/paw, respectively. Given either by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or by intrathecal (i.t.) routes, dipyrone produced a similar inhibition of both phases of the formalin-induced licking, with mean ID50 values of 0.4 and 1.3 micromol/site, and 0.4 and 0.9 micromol/site against the early and the late phase of the formalin response, respectively. Dipyrone, given by i.p., subplantar, i.t. or i.c.v. routes, caused dose-related antinociception of capsaicin-induced licking. The mean ID50 values were: 207.6 micromol/kg, 2.2 micromol/paw, 0.4 micromol/site and 0.14 micromol/site, respectively. In addition, dipyrone given i.p. caused a significant increase of the latency both in the hot-plate and the tail-flick assays. Dipyrone, given i.p., i.t. or i.c.v., reversed significantly the hyperalgesia caused by i.t. injection of glutamate, with mean ID50 values of 9 micromol/kg, 29 nmol/site and 94 nmol/site, respectively. The antinociception caused by dipyrone was not influenced by naloxone, L-arginine, phaclofen, glibenclamide, p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, pertussis toxin or by adrenal gland hormones, when assessed against the formalin assay. Dipyrone analgesic action was not secondary to its anti-inflammatory effect, nor was it associated with non-specific effects such as muscle relaxation or sedation actions of animals. Dipyrone at a higher concentration caused significant inhibition of [3H]glutamate binding (37%) in cerebral cortical membranes from both mice and rats. However, dipyrone had no significant effect on brain constitutive neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity. It is concluded that dipyrone produces peripheral, spinal and supraspinal antinociception when assessed on formalin and capsaicin-induced pain as well as in glutamate-induced hyperalgesia in mice. Dipyrone antinociception seems unlikely to involve an interaction with the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway, serotonin system, activation of Gi protein sensitive to pertussis toxin. interaction of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, GABA(B) receptors, or the release of endogenous glucocorticoids. However, a modulatory effect on glutamate-induced hyperalgesia and, to a lesser extent, an interaction with glutamate binding sites, seems to account for its analgesic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beirith
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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