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Fadeev M, Ouyang Y, Davidson-Rozenfeld G, Willner I. Controlling electrocatalytic, photoelectrocatalytic, and load release processes using soft material-modified electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Quintero-Jaime AF, Conzuelo F, Cazorla-Amorós D, Morallón E. Pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase bioelectrodes based on one-step electrochemical entrapment over single-wall carbon nanotubes. Talanta 2021; 232:122386. [PMID: 34074388 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Development of effective direct electron transfer is considered an interesting platform to obtain high performance bioelectrodes. Therefore, designing of scalable and cost-effective immobilization routes that promotes correct direct electrical contacting between the electrode material and the redox enzyme is still required. As we present here, electrochemical entrapment of pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) on single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-modified electrodes was carried out in a single step during electrooxidation of para-aminophenyl phosphonic acid (4-APPA) to obtain active bioelectrodes. The adequate interaction between SWCNTs and the enzyme can be achieved by making use of phosphorus groups introduced during the electrochemical co-deposition of films, improving the electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation. Two different procedures were investigated for electrode fabrication, namely the entrapment of reconstituted holoenzyme (PQQ-GDH) and the entrapment of apoenzyme (apo-GDH) followed by subsequent in situ reconstitution with the redox cofactor PQQ. In both cases, PQQ-GDH preserves its electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation. Moreover, in comparison with a conventional drop-casting method, an important enhancement in sensitivity was obtained for glucose oxidation (981.7 ± 3.5 nA mM-1) using substantially lower amounts of enzyme and cofactor (PQQ). The single step electrochemical entrapment in presence of 4-APPA provides a simple method for the fabrication of enzymatic bioelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Quintero-Jaime
- Departamento de Química Física and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsst. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Diego Cazorla-Amorós
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Emilia Morallón
- Departamento de Química Física and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
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Das P, Das M, Chinnadayyala SR, Singha IM, Goswami P. Recent advances on developing 3rd generation enzyme electrode for biosensor applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 79:386-97. [PMID: 26735873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical biosensor with enzyme as biorecognition element is traditionally pursued as an attractive research topic owing to their high commercial perspective in healthcare and environmental sectors. The research interest on the subject is sharply increased since the beginning of 21st century primarily, due to the concomitant increase in knowledge in the field of material science. The remarkable effects of many advance materials such as, conductive polymers and nanomaterials, were acknowledged in the developing efficient 3rd generation enzyme bioelectrodes which offer superior selectivity, sensitivity, reagent less detection, and label free fabrication of biosensors. The present review article compiles the major knowledge surfaced on the subject since its inception incorporating the key review and experimental papers published during the last decade which extensively cover the development on the redox enzyme based 3rd generation electrochemical biosensors. The tenet involved in the function of these direct electrochemistry based enzyme electrodes, their characterizations and various strategies reported so far for their development such as, nanofabrication, polymer based and reconstitution approaches are elucidated. In addition, the possible challenges and the future prospects in the development of efficient biosensors following this direct electrochemistry based principle are discussed. A comparative account on the design strategies and critical performance factors involved in the 3rd generation biosensors among some selected prominent works published on the subject during last decade have also been included in a tabular form for ready reference to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanki Das
- Centre For Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Madhuri Das
- Centre For Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Somasekhar R Chinnadayyala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Irom Manoj Singha
- Centre For Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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4
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Synthesis and utilisation of graphene for fabrication of electrochemical sensors. Talanta 2015; 131:424-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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5
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Tonelli D, Scavetta E, Giorgetti M. Layered-double-hydroxide-modified electrodes: electroanalytical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:603-14. [PMID: 23224573 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional inorganic solids, such as layered double hydroxides (LDHs), also defined as anionic clays, have open structures and unique anion-exchange properties which make them very appropriate materials for the immobilization of anions and biomolecules that often bear an overall negative charge. This review aims to describe the important aspects and new developments of electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on LDHs, evidencing the research from our own laboratory and other groups. It is intended to provide an overview of the various types of chemically modified electrodes that have been developed with these 2D layered materials, along with the significant advances made over the last several years. In particular, we report the main methods used for the deposition of LDH films on different substrates, the conductive properties of these materials, the possibility to use them in the development of membranes for potentiometric anion analysis, the early analytical applications of chemically modified electrodes based on the ability of LDHs to preconcentrate redox-active anions and finally the most recent applications exploiting their electrocatalytic properties. Another promising application field of LDHs, when they are employed as host structures for enzymes, is biosensing, which is described considering glucose as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale Toso Montanari, Università degli Studi di Bologna, INSTM, UdR Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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6
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Borgmann S, Schulte A, Neugebauer S, Schuhmann W. Amperometric Biosensors. ADVANCES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527644117.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Kuila T, Bose S, Khanra P, Mishra AK, Kim NH, Lee JH. Recent advances in graphene-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4637-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1032] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gopu G, Manisankar P, Muralidharan B, Vedhi C. Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Analgesics in Their Pharmaceuticals Using Nano-Riboflavin-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/269452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic voltammetric behaviors of three analgesics, acetaminophen (AAP), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and dipyrone (DP), were studied using nano-riboflavin-modified glassy carbon electrode. One well-defined oxidation peak each for AAP and ASA and three oxidation peaks for DP were observed. The influence of pH, scan rate, and concentration reveals irreversible diffusion controlled reaction. The SEM analysis confirmed good accumulation of the drugs on the electrode surface. Calibration was made under the maximum peak current conditions. The concentration range studied for the determination of drugs was 0.02 to 0.4 μg mL−1for AAP and ASA and 0.025 to 0.4 μg mL−1for DP. The lower limit of detection observed for AAP, ASA, and DP was 0.016, 0.007 μg mL−1, and 0.013 μg mL−1, respectively. The suitability of the method for the determination of these analgesics in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples was also ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalakrishnan Gopu
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Paramasivam Manisankar
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Chinnapiyan Vedhi
- Department of Chemistry, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin 628 008, Tamilnadu, India
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9
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Biosensors for the determination of phenolic metabolites. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 698:234-40. [PMID: 21520715 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are groups of chemical substances, the most abundant being polyphenols, mainly found in plants, fruits and vegetables. They include flavonoids, flavonoid derivatives, polyphenols, carotenoids and anthocyanins. Currently, the nutritional quality of many foodstuffs is guaranteed by the presence of antioxidant compounds. The importance of these chemicals as indicators and preservatives of nutritional quality makes necessary the development of accurate, versatile and rapid analytical tools necessary to detect their presence in many foodstuffs and to assess their antioxidant efficacy. In this chapter, enzyme-based biosensors such as monophenol monooxygenase (tyrosinase), catechol oxidase (laccase) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are reviewed. Actually, these biosensors are the most commonly used for the detection of polyphenols and flavonoids content.
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10
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Presnova GV, Rybcova MY, Egorov AM. Electrochemical biosensors based on horseradish peroxidase. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363208120293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Zayats M, Willner B, Willner I. Design of Amperometric Biosensors and Biofuel Cells by the Reconstitution of Electrically Contacted Enzyme Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Modelling the Transport and Kinetics of Electroenzymes at the Electrode/Solution Interface. SENSORS 2006. [DOI: 10.3390/s6121765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Guschin DA, Sultanov YM, Sharif-Zade NF, Aliyev EH, Efendiev AA, Schuhmann W. Redox polymer-based reagentless horseradish peroxidase biosensors. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Katz E, Willner I. Integrated nanoparticle-biomolecule hybrid systems: synthesis, properties, and applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 43:6042-108. [PMID: 15538757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200400651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1630] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, such as metal or semiconductor nanoparticles and nanorods, exhibit similar dimensions to those of biomolecules, such as proteins (enzymes, antigens, antibodies) or DNA. The integration of nanoparticles, which exhibit unique electronic, photonic, and catalytic properties, with biomaterials, which display unique recognition, catalytic, and inhibition properties, yields novel hybrid nanobiomaterials of synergetic properties and functions. This review describes recent advances in the synthesis of biomolecule-nanoparticle/nanorod hybrid systems and the application of such assemblies in the generation of 2D and 3D ordered structures in solutions and on surfaces. Particular emphasis is directed to the use of biomolecule-nanoparticle (metallic or semiconductive) assemblies for bioanalytical applications and for the fabrication of bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenii Katz
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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15
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Katz E, Willner I. Enhancement of Bioelectrocatalytic Processes by the Rotation of Mediator-Functionalized Magnetic Particles on Electrode Surfaces: Comparison with a Rotating Disk Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Borgmann S, Hartwich G, Schulte A, Schuhmann W. Amperometric Enzyme Sensors based on Direct and Mediated Electron Transfer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1871-0069(05)01017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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17
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Katz E, Willner I. Integrierte Hybridsysteme aus Nanopartikeln und Biomolekülen: Synthese, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Synthesis and characterization of NAD+-modified silica: a convenient immobilization of biomolecule via its phosphate group. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2003.09.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Niculescu M, Gáspár S, Schulte A, Csöregi E, Schuhmann W. Visualization of micropatterned complex biosensor sensing chemistries by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:1175-84. [PMID: 15046748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2003.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2003] [Revised: 10/31/2003] [Accepted: 11/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Redox hydrogel-based micropatterned complex biosensor architectures, used as sensing chemistries in amperometric ethanol or glucose biosensors, were deposited on gold, graphite or glass. Well-localized immobilization of active hydrogels with variable compositions was achieved by dispensing 100 pl droplets of cocktails containing alcohol or glucose dehydrogenase, redox polymer (PVI(13)dmeOs) and crosslinker (PEGDGE) while moving the target surface relative to the position of the nozzle of a piezo-actuated microdispenser. The resulting structures were microscopic patterns of enzyme-containing lines of a redox hydrogel with a line width of about 100 microm. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in the amperometric feedback mode was used to visualize the immobilized enzyme microstructures and their localized biochemical activity was observed with high lateral resolution by detecting the enzymatically consumed substrate using K(4)[Fe(CN)(6)] as a free-diffusing electron-transfer mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Niculescu
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
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20
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Kijima T, Suzuki T, Izumi T. Electrical communication between NAD-dependent enzyme and metal electrode using ferrocene-labeled NAD derivatives. J Biosci Bioeng 2003; 96:585-7. [PMID: 16233579 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(04)70155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Accepted: 10/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The target N6-ferrocene substituted NAD derivatives (ferrocene-labeled NAD, Fc-NAD) were synthesized as an electron-relay NAD cofactor. The synthesized NAD derivatives possessed some biological activities as substrates in the alcohol dehydrogenase systems. The oxidation current depended on both addition of ethanol and spacer length of Fc-NAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Kijima
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan.
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21
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Vilkanauskyte A, Erichsen T, Marcinkeviciene L, Laurinavicius V, Schuhmann W. Reagentless biosensors based on co-entrapment of a soluble redox polymer and an enzyme within an electrochemically deposited polymer film. Biosens Bioelectron 2002; 17:1025-31. [PMID: 12392952 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel biosensor architecture, which is based on the combination of a manual and a non-manual deposition technique for sensor components on the electrode surface is reported. A water-soluble Os-poly(vinyl-imidazole) redox hydrogel is deposited on a graphite electrode by drop-coating (i.e. manually) followed by the electrochemically-induced deposition of an enzyme-containing non-conducting polymer film. The local polymer deposition is initiated by electrochemical generation of H(3)O(+) exclusively at the electrode surface causing a pH-shift to be established in the diffusion zone around the electrode (i.e. non-manually). This pH-shift leads to the protonation of a dissolved polyanionic polymer which in consequence changes significantly its solubility and is hence precipitating on the electrode surface. In the presence of a suitable enzyme, such as quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase (QH-ADH), the polymer precipitation leads to an entrapment of the redox enzyme within the polymer film. Simultaneously, the water-soluble Os-poly(vinyl-imidazole) redox hydrogel, which is slowly dissolving from the electrode surface after addition of the electrolyte, is co-entrapped within the precipitating polymer layer. This provides the pre-requisite for an efficient electron-transfer pathway from the redox enzyme via the polymer-bound redox centres to the electrode surface. The sensor preparation protocol has been optimised aiming on a high mediator concentration in the polymer film and an effective electron transfer.
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Abstract
Direct electrode transfer between enzyme and the electrode in biosensors requires high efficiency therefore, synthetic replacement for oxygen led to the development of enzyme mediators and modified electrodes in biosensor fabrication. In this context, a number of electron acceptors and complexes have been used. Present paper gives an overview of various methodologies involved in the mediated systems, their merits and wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Chaubey
- Biomolecular Electronics and Conducting Polymer Research Group, National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110 012, India.
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23
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Schuhmann W. Amperometric enzyme biosensors based on optimised electron-transfer pathways and non-manual immobilisation procedures. J Biotechnol 2002; 82:425-41. [PMID: 11996220 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-0352(01)00058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of reagentless biosensors implies the tight and functional immobilisation of biological recognition elements on transducer surfaces. Specifically, in the case of amperometric enzyme electrodes, electron-transfer pathways between the immobilised redox protein and the electrode surface have to be established allowing a fast electron transfer concomitantly avoiding free-diffusing redox species. Based on the specific nature of different redox proteins and non-manual immobilisation procedures possible biosensor designs are discussed, namely biosensors based on (i) direct electron transfer between redox proteins and electrodes modified with self-assembled monolayers; (ii) anisotropic orientation of redox proteins at monolayer-modified electrodes; (iii) electron-transfer cascades via redox hydrogels; and (iv) electron-transfer via conducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytische Chemie-Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
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Schachl K, Turkušić E, Komersová A, Bartoš M, Moderegger H, Švancara I, Alemu H, Vytřas K, Jimenez-Castro M, Kalcher K. Amperometric Determination of Glucose with a Carbon Paste Biosensor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A simple glucose biosensor has been developed by bulk modification of a carbon paste electrode with glucose oxidase as a biocomponent and manganese dioxide as a mediator. The sensor was employed as amperometric detector in a flow-injection system at 21 °C in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). At an applied working potential of 0.48 V vs Ag/AgCl and a flow rate of 0.2 ml min-1, the sensor exhibited well reproducible amperometric response to glucose. A linear relation between the peak current and the analyte concentration was found between 20 and 500 mg l-1 glucose with a detection limit (3σ) of 10.5 mg l-1 glucose. The sensor can be operated continuously for 12 h without any loss in the signal height and can be used for the determination of glucose in white wine samples.
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Alfonta L, Bardea A, Khersonsky O, Katz E, Willner I. Chronopotentiometry and Faradaic impedance spectroscopy as signal transduction methods for the biocatalytic precipitation of an insoluble product on electrode supports: routes for enzyme sensors, immunosensors and DNA sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 16:675-87. [PMID: 11679244 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(01)00231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The biocatalyzed precipitation of an insoluble product produced on electrode supports is used as an amplification path for biosensing. Enzyme-based electrodes, immunosensors and DNA sensors are developed using this biocatalytic precipitation route. Faradaic impedance spectroscopy and chronopotentiometry are used as transduction methods to follow the precipitation processes. While Faradaic impedance spectroscopy leads to the characterization of the electron-transfer resistance at the electrode, chronopotentiometry provides the total resistance at the interfaces of the modified electrodes. A horseradish peroxidase, HRP, monolayer-functionalized electrode is used to sense H(2)O(2) by the biocatalyzed oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol (1), to the insoluble product benzo-4-chlorohexadienone (2). An antigen monolayer electrode is used to sense the dinitrophenyl antibody, DNP-Ab, applying an anti-antibody-HRP conjugate as a biocatalyst for the oxidative precipitation of 1 by H(2)O(2) to yield the insoluble product 2. An oligonucleotide (3) functionalized monolayer electrode is used to sense the DNA-analyte (4), that is one of the Tay-Sachs genetic disorder mutants. Association of a biotin-labeled oligonucleotide to the sensing interface, followed by the association of the avidin-HRP conjugate and the biocatalyzed precipitation of 2 leads to the amplified sensing of 4. The amount of the precipitate accumulated on the conductive support is controlled by the concentration of the respective analytes and the time intervals employed for the biocatalytic precipitation of 2. The electron-transfer resistances of the electrodes covered by the insoluble product (2) are derived from Faradaic impedance measurements, whereas the total electrode resistances are extracted from chronopotentiometric experiments. A good correlation between the total electrode resistances and the electron-transfer resistances at the conducting supports are found. Chronopotentiometry is suggested as a rapid transduction means (a few seconds). The precautions needed to apply chronopotentiometry in biosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alfonta
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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26
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Eicher I, Schmidt HL. Electrocatalytic reduction of lipoic acid and electroenzymatic reduction of NAD(P)(+) for integrated dehydrogenase biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 16:245-52. [PMID: 11390211 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(01)00130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors for the oxidized substrates of NAD(P)(+)-specific dehydrogenases demand the reductive recycling of the coenzymes. So far, suitable catalysts for the corresponding two-electron transfer are not available. In the present paper, this transport has been realized by a combined electrocatalytical and electroenzymatic process. Lipoic acid has been reduced on graphite electrodes functionalized with Fe(II)-phthalocyanine in 95% yield at-1200 mV in phosphate buffer pH 7.0. With the electrocatalytically reduced product, dihydrolipoic acid, lipoamide dehydrogenase could reduce NAD(+) in 20% yield and thioredoxin reductase NADP(+) in 18.4% yield. So far, the combined electrocatalytic/electroenzymatic system has not yet been realized, mainly because at the potential needed for the lipoic acid reduction, a parallel one-electron reduction of NAD(P)(+) was observed, implying the dimerization of the coenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Eicher
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, An der Saatzucht 5, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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27
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Zayats M, Kharitonov AB, Katz E, Bückmann AF, Willner I. An integrated NAD+-dependent enzyme-functionalized field-effect transistor (ENFET) system: development of a lactate biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 15:671-80. [PMID: 11213228 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(00)00120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An integrated NAD+-dependent enzyme field-effect transistor (ENFET) device for the biosensing of lactate is described. The aminosiloxane-functionalized gate interface is modified with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) that acts as a catalyst for the oxidation of NADH. Synthetic amino-derivative of NAD+ is covalently linked to the PQQ monolayer. An affinity complex formed between the NAD+/PQQ-assembly and the NAD+-cofactor-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is crosslinked and yields an integrated biosensor ENFET-device for the analysis of lactate. Biocatalyzed oxidation of lactate generates NADH that is oxidized by PQQ in the presence of Ca2+-ions. The reduced catalyst, PQQH2, is oxidized by O2 in a process that constantly regenerates PQQ at the gate interface. The biocatalyzed formation of NADH and the O2-stimulated regeneration of PQQ yield a steady-state pH gradient between the gate interface and the bulk solution. The changes in the pH of the solution near the gate interface and, consequently, the gate potential are controlled by the substrate (lactate) concentration in the solution. The device reveals the detection limit of 1 x 10(-4) M for lactate and the sensitivity of 24+/-2 mV dec(-1). The response time of the device is as low as 15 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zayats
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Habermüller K, Ramanavicius A, Laurinavicius V, Schuhmann W. An Oxygen-Insensitive Reagentless Glucose Biosensor Based on Osmium-Complex Modified Polypyrrole. ELECTROANAL 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200011)12:17<1383::aid-elan1383>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bardea A, Katz E, Willner I. Probing Antigen-Antibody Interactions on Electrode Supports by the Biocatalyzed Precipitation of an Insoluble Product. ELECTROANAL 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200010)12:14<1097::aid-elan1097>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lisdat F, Ge B, Stöcklein W, Scheller FW, Meyer T. Electrochemical Behavior and Nitric Oxide Interaction of Immobilized Cytochrome c′ fromRhodocyclus gelatinosus. ELECTROANAL 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200008)12:12<946::aid-elan946>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jongejan A, Machado SS, Jongejan JA. The enantioselectivity of quinohaemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases: mechanistic and structural aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Morales A, Céspedes F, Alegret S. Graphite–methacrylate biocomposite material with renewable sensing surface for reagentless amperometric biosensors based on glucose dehydrogenase. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(99)00127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Willner I, Heleg-Shabtai V, Katz E, Rau HK, Haehnel W. Integration of a Reconstituted de Novo Synthesized Hemoprotein and Native Metalloproteins with Electrode Supports for Bioelectronic and Bioelectrocatalytic Applications. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja983182u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Willner
- Contribution from the Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Institut für Biologie II/Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vered Heleg-Shabtai
- Contribution from the Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Institut für Biologie II/Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eugenii Katz
- Contribution from the Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Institut für Biologie II/Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald K. Rau
- Contribution from the Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Institut für Biologie II/Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haehnel
- Contribution from the Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Institut für Biologie II/Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Patolsky F, Filanovsky B, Katz E, Willner I. Photoswitchable Antigen−Antibody Interactions Studied by Impedance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp983700n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Somers WA, Hartingsveldt WV, Stigter EC, Lugt JPVD. Electrochemical regeneration of redox enzymes for continuous use in preparative processes. Trends Biotechnol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7799(97)89424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bardea A, Katz E, Bückmann AF, Willner I. NAD+-Dependent Enzyme Electrodes: Electrical Contact of Cofactor-Dependent Enzymes and Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja971192+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ghindilis AL, Atanasov P, Wilkins E. Enzyme-catalyzed direct electron transfer: Fundamentals and analytical applications. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140090902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lötzbeyer T, Schuhmann W, Schmidt HL. Minizymes. A new strategy for the development of reagentless amperometric biosensors based on direct electron-transfer processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(96)05187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kranz C, Lötzbeyer T, Schmidt HL, Schuhmann W. Lateral visualization of direct electron transfer between microperoxidase and electrodes by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(96)00056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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