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BADASS: BActeriocin-Diversity ASsessment Software. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:24. [PMID: 36670373 PMCID: PMC9854158 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-05106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteriocins are defined as thermolabile peptides produced by bacteria with biological activity against taxonomically related species. These antimicrobial peptides have a wide application including disease treatment, food conservation, and probiotics. However, even with a large industrial and biotechnological application potential, these peptides are still poorly studied and explored. BADASS is software with a user-friendly graphical interface applied to the search and analysis of bacteriocin diversity in whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing data. RESULTS The search for bacteriocin sequences is performed with tools such as BLAST or DIAMOND using the BAGEL4 database as a reference. The putative bacteriocin sequences identified are used to determine the abundance and richness of the three classes of bacteriocins. Abundance is calculated by comparing the reads identified as bacteriocins to the reads identified as 16S rRNA gene using SILVA database as a reference. BADASS has a complete pipeline that starts with the quality assessment of the raw data. At the end of the analysis, BADASS generates several plots of richness and abundance automatically as well as tabular files containing information about the main bacteriocins detected. The user is able to change the main parameters of the analysis in the graphical interface. To demonstrate how the software works, we used four datasets from WMS studies using default parameters. Lantibiotics were the most abundant bacteriocins in the four datasets. This class of bacteriocin is commonly produced by Streptomyces sp. CONCLUSIONS With a user-friendly graphical interface and a complete pipeline, BADASS proved to be a powerful tool for prospecting bacteriocin sequences in Whole-Metagenome Shotgun Sequencing (WMS) data. This tool is publicly available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/badass/ .
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Martinenghi LD, Leisner JJ. Scientists’ Assessments of Research on Lactic Acid Bacterial Bacteriocins 1990–2010. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:908336. [PMID: 35722309 PMCID: PMC9204228 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.908336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria has constituted a very active research field within the last 35 years. Here, we report the results of a questionnaire survey with assessments of progress within this field during the two decades of the 1990s and the 2000s by 48 scientists active at that time. The scientists had research positions at the time ranging from the levels of Master’s and Ph.D. students to principal investigators in 19 Asian, European, Oceanian and North American countries. This time period was evaluated by the respondents to have resulted in valuable progress regarding the basic science of bacteriocins, whereas this was not achieved to the same degree with regard to their applications. For the most important area of application, food biopreservation, there were some success stories, but overall the objectives had not been entirely met due to a number of issues, such as limited target spectrum, target resistance, poor yield as well as economic and regulatory challenges. Other applications of bacteriocins such as enhancers of the effects of probiotics or serving as antimicrobials in human clinical or veterinary microbiology, were not evaluated as having been implemented successfully to any large extent at the time. However, developments in genomic and chemical methodologies illustrate, together with an interest in combining bacteriocins with other antimicrobials, the current progress of the field regarding potential applications in human clinical microbiology and food biopreservation. In conclusion, this study illuminates parameters of importance not only for R&D of bacteriocins, but also for the broader field of antimicrobial research.
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Costa SS, Lago LAB, Silva A, Graças DAD, Lameira J, Baraúna RA. Diversity of bacteriocins in the microbiome of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant water reservoir and three-dimensional structure prediction of a zoocin. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210204. [PMID: 35037933 PMCID: PMC8762718 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides expressed by bacteria through ribosomal activity. In this study, we analyzed the diversity of bacteriocin-like genes in the Tucuruí-HPP using a whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing approach. Three layers of the water column were analyzed (photic, aphotic and sediment). Detection of bacteriocin-like genes was performed with blastx using the BAGEL4 database as subject sequences. In order to calculate the abundance of bacteriocin-like genes we also determined the number of 16S rRNA genes using blastn. Taxonomic analysis was performed using RAST server and the metagenome was assembled using IDBA-UD in order to recover the full sequence of a zoocin which had its three-dimensional structure determined. The photic zone presented the highest number of reads affiliated to bacteriocins. The most abundant bacteriocins were sonorensin, Klebicin D , pyocin and colicin. The zoocin model was composed of eight anti-parallel β-sheets and two α-helices with a Zn2+ ion in the active site. This model was considerably stable during 10 ns of molecular dynamics simulation. We observed a high diversity of bacteriocins in the Tucuruí-HPP, demonstrating that the environment is an inexhaustible source for prospecting these molecules. Finally, the zoocin model can be used for further studies of substrate binding and molecular mechanisms involving peptidoglycan degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sávio S Costa
- Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Guamá, Laboratório de Engenharia Biológica, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leticia A B Lago
- Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Guamá, Laboratório de Engenharia Biológica, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Guamá, Laboratório de Engenharia Biológica, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Diego A das Graças
- Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Guamá, Laboratório de Engenharia Biológica, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jerônimo Lameira
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Baraúna
- Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Guamá, Laboratório de Engenharia Biológica, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Comparison of Synergistic Effect of Nisin and Monolaurin on the Inactivation of Three Heat Resistant Spores Studied by Design of Experiments in Milk. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9977646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spore forming bacteria are special problems for the dairy industry. Heat treatments are insufficient to kill the spores. This is a continuously increasing problem for the industry, but we should be able to control it. In this context, we investigated the combined effect of nisin, monolaurin, and pH values on three heat resistant spores in UHT milk and distilled water and to select an optimal combination for the maximum spore inactivation. The inhibitory effect of nisin (between 50 and 200 IU/ml), monolaurin (ranging from 150 to 300 µg/ml), and pH (between 5 and 8) was investigated using a central composite plan. Results were analyzed using the response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained data showed that the inactivation of Bacillus spores by the combined effect of nisin-monolaurin varies with spore species, acidity, and nature of the medium in which the bacterial spores are suspended. In fact, Terribacillus aidingensis spores were more resistant, to this treatment, than Paenibacillus sp. and Bacillus sporothermodurans ones. The optimum process parameters for a maximum reduction of bacterial spores (∼3log) were obtained at a concentration of nisin >150 IU/ml and of monolaurin >200 µg/ml. The current study highlighted the presence of a synergistic effect between nisin and monolaurin against heat bacterial spores. So, such treatment could be applied by the dairy industry to decontaminate UHT milk and other dairy products from bacterial spores.
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Wang Q, Peng B, Song M, Abdullah, Li J, Miao J, Feng K, Chen F, Zhai X, Cao Y. Effects of Antibacterial Peptide F1 on Bacterial Liposome Membrane Integrity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:768890. [PMID: 34869536 PMCID: PMC8633404 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.768890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies from our lab have shown that the antimicrobial peptide F1 obtained from the milk fermentation by Lactobacillus paracasei FX-6 derived from Tibetan kefir was different from common antimicrobial peptides; specifically, F1 simultaneously inhibited the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we present follow-on work demonstrating that after the antimicrobial peptide F1 acts on either Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (E. coli) or Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 63589 (S. aureus), their respective bacterial membranes were severely deformed. This deformation allowed leakage of potassium and magnesium ions from the bacterial membrane. The interaction between the antimicrobial peptide F1 and the bacterial membrane was further explored by artificially simulating the bacterial phospholipid membranes and then extracting them. The study results indicated that after the antimicrobial peptide F1 interacted with the bacterial membranes caused significant calcein leakage that had been simulated by different liposomes. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that the phospholipid membrane structure was destroyed and the liposomes presented aggregation and precipitation. Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) results showed that the antimicrobial peptide F1 significantly reduced the quality of liposome membrane and increased their viscoelasticity. Based on the study's findings, the phospholipid membrane particle size was significantly increased, indicating that the antimicrobial peptide F1 had a direct effect on the phospholipid membrane. Conclusively, the antimicrobial peptide F1 destroyed the membrane structure of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by destroying the shared components of their respective phospholipid membranes which resulted in leakage of cell contents and subsequently cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Peng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Haitian Innovation Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdullah
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyin Miao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Konglong Feng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feilong Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Evonik Rexim Nanning Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | | | - Yong Cao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Gensler CA, Brown SRB, Aljasir SF, D'Amico DJ. Compatibility of Commercially Produced Protective Cultures with Common Cheesemaking Cultures and Their Antagonistic Effect on Foodborne Pathogens. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1010-1019. [PMID: 32044976 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The documented survival of pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes (LM), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and Salmonella during the manufacture and aging of some cheeses highlights the need for additional interventions to enhance food safety. Unfortunately, few interventions are compliant with the Standards of Identity for cheese. Protective bacterial cultures (PCs) represent actionable, natural interventions. However, supportive data for commercially produced PCs regarding their efficacy against pathogens and potential antagonism with each other and cheesemaking cultures are scant, thereby impeding their potential use by the cheese industry. The overall objective of this study was to identify commercially produced PCs that exert antimicrobial activity toward pathogens with minimal impact on beneficial cheese microbes. Direct antagonism and agar well diffusion assays were used to determine the impact of 10 commercially produced PCs on the growth of starter cultures and cultures of ripening bacteria and fungi. Deferred antagonism was used to evaluate the potential for antimicrobial effects against LM, STEC, and Salmonella. PCs and starter cultures were cocultured in ultrahigh-temperature-processed milk to determine the effects of coculture on starter acidification profiles when incubated according to a simulated cheesemaking temperature profile (4 h at 35°C followed by 20 h at 20°C). Compatibility assays suggest that PC antagonism is microbe and strain specific. Only one PC negatively impacted the acidification of the starters tested. PC antagonism of ripening bacteria and fungi growth varied but was consistent within species. All PCs displayed deferred inhibition of LM, STEC, and Salmonella growth, but to varying degrees. These data identify commercial PCs with potential for the control of pathogens and characterize their compatibility with cheesemaking cultures for future use by cheesemakers and investigations of their efficacy in the production of cheese. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Gensler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, 1390 Storrs Road, U-4163, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4163, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-1855 [C.A.G.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-9984 [S.R.B.B.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-2543 [S.F.A.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9637-1583 [D.J.D.])
| | - Stephanie R B Brown
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, 1390 Storrs Road, U-4163, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4163, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-1855 [C.A.G.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-9984 [S.R.B.B.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-2543 [S.F.A.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9637-1583 [D.J.D.])
| | - Sulaiman F Aljasir
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, 1390 Storrs Road, U-4163, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4163, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-1855 [C.A.G.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-9984 [S.R.B.B.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-2543 [S.F.A.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9637-1583 [D.J.D.])
| | - Dennis J D'Amico
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, 1390 Storrs Road, U-4163, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4163, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-1855 [C.A.G.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-9984 [S.R.B.B.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-2543 [S.F.A.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9637-1583 [D.J.D.])
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Settier-Ramírez L, López-Carballo G, Gavara R, Hernández-Muñoz P. PVOH/protein blend films embedded with lactic acid bacteria and their antilisterial activity in pasteurized milk. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 322:108545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Abdulhussain Kareem R, Razavi SH. Plantaricin bacteriocins: As safe alternative antimicrobial peptides in food preservation—A review. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghda Abdulhussain Kareem
- Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Tehran Karaj Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Razavi
- Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Tehran Karaj Iran
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Bie X, Lu Z, Lu F. Preservative Effect of an Antimicrobial Substance from Bacillus subtilis fmbJ on Pasteurised Milk During Storage. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013206065952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis fmbJ was found to produce an antimicrobial substance, which exhibited inhibitory activity against food spoilage microbes and pathogens. The inhibitory effect of the antimicrobial extracts on two Gram-positive bacteria, seven Gram-negative bacteria and five moulds had been identified. Pasteurised milk samples with different concentrations of the antimicrobial substance ranging from 0 to 2mg/mL were stored at 4°C and 20°C. The preservative effect of the antimicrobial substance on pasteurised milk was evaluated. The result indicated that 0.25-2.0mg antimicrobial substance per mL can reduce significantly mesophilic bacteria in milk by 1-4log units at 20°C, and 1-5log units at 4°C after 15 days storage compared with control milk. Under the same experimental conditions, sensory quality of pasteurised milk with added 0.25-2mg antimicrobial substance per mL could remain acceptable for 6-15 days at 20°C and 9-15 days at 4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, 1 Weigang Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, 1 Weigang Nanjing 210095, P.R. China,
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, 1 Weigang Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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Fiołka MJ, Grzywnowicz K, Mendyk E, Zagaja M, Szewczyk R, Rawski M, Keller R, Rzymowska J, Wydrych J. Antimycobacterial action of a new glycolipid-peptide complex obtained from extracellular metabolites of Raoultella ornithinolytica. APMIS 2015; 123:1069-80. [PMID: 26547373 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an antimycobacterial component of extracellular metabolites of a gut bacterium Raoultella ornithinolytica from D. veneta earthworms was isolated and its antimycobacterial action was tested using Mycobacterium smegmatis. After incubation with the complex obtained, formation of pores and furrows in cell walls was observed using microscopic techniques. The cells lost their shape, stuck together and formed clusters. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis showed that, after incubation, the complex was attached to the cell walls of the Mycobacterium. Analyses of the component performed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated high similarity to a bacteriocin nisin, but energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed differences in the elemental composition of this antimicrobial peptide. The component with antimycobacterial activity was identified using mass spectrometry techniques as a glycolipid-peptide complex. As it exhibits no cytotoxicity on normal human fibroblasts, the glycolipid-peptide complex appears to be a promising compound for investigations of its activity against pathogenic mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta J Fiołka
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Grzywnowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewaryst Mendyk
- Analytical Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Łódź
| | - Michał Rawski
- Analytical Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Radosław Keller
- Analytical Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Rzymowska
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wydrych
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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12
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Wang S, Li H, Huang W, Liao X. Inactivation of naturally occurring microbiota in cucumber juice by pressure treatment. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 174:12-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Takahashi H, Kashimura M, Miya S, Kuramoto S, Koiso H, Kuda T, Kimura B. Effect of paired antimicrobial combinations on Listeria monocytogenes growth inhibition in ready-to-eat seafood products. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Inhibitory effects of antagonistic compounds produced from Lactobacillus brevis MLK27 on adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes KCTC3569 to HT-29 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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15
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van Kuijk S, Noll KS, Chikindas ML. The species-specific mode of action of the antimicrobial peptide subtilosin against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 54:52-8. [PMID: 22040458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of the antimicrobial peptide subtilosin against the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. METHODS AND RESULTS Subtilosin was purified from a culture of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The minimal inhibitory concentration of subtilosin against L. monocytogenes Scott A was determined by broth microdilution method. The effect of subtilosin on the transmembrane electrical potential (ΔΨ) and pH gradient (ΔpH), and its ability to induce efflux of intracellular ATP, was investigated. Subtilosin fully inhibited L. monocytogenes growth at a concentration of 19 μg ml(-1) . Subtilosin caused a partial depletion of the ΔΨ and had a similar minor effect on the ΔpH. There was no significant efflux of intracellular ATP. CONCLUSION Subtilosin likely acts upon L. monocytogenes Scott A by perturbing the lipid bilayer of the cellular membrane and causing intracellular damage, leading to eventual cell death. Subtilosin's mode of action against L. monocytogenes Scott A differs from the one previously described for another human pathogen, Gardnerella vaginalis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report on the specific mode of action of subtilosin against L. monocytogenes and the first report of a bacteriocin with a species-specific mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- S van Kuijk
- Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
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16
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Concha-Meyer A, Schöbitz R, Brito C, Fuentes R. Lactic acid bacteria in an alginate film inhibit Listeria monocytogenes growth on smoked salmon. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Ruiz A, Williams SK, Djeri N, Hinton A, Rodrick GE. Nisin, rosemary, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid affect the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat turkey ham stored at four degrees Celsius for sixty-three days. Poult Sci 2009; 88:1765-72. [PMID: 19590093 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the anti-Listeria and general antimicrobial properties of nisin, rosemary, and EDTA alone and in combination on Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on ready-to-eat vacuum-packaged diced turkey ham and to ascertain the effects of the treatments on pH and objective color. The turkey hams were cut into 0.5-cm pieces, inoculated with a L. monocytogenes cocktail containing 5 strains of the bacterium, and treated with either no treatment and no inoculum (negative control), inoculum only (positive control), 0.5% nisin, 20 mM EDTA, 1% rosemary, 0.5% nisin + 20 mM EDTA, 0.5% nisin + 1% rosemary, 0.5% nisin + 20 mM EDTA + 1% rosemary, or 20 mM EDTA + 1% rosemary. All samples were vacuum-packaged, stored for 63 d at 4 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C, and analyzed at 1-wk intervals for total aerobes, L. monocytogenes, lactic acid organisms, pH, and objective color. Nisin, nisin with rosemary, nisin with EDTA, and nisin with rosemary and EDTA treatments reduced (P < 0.05) L. monocytogenes counts by 4.42, 4.20, 3.73, and 4.11 log cfu/g when compared with the positive control, respectively, on d 0. Listeria monocytogenes counts remained less than 2.75 log cfu/g for all hams treated with nisin. The EDTA and rosemary treatments alone and in combination were ineffective in inhibiting growth of L. monocytogenes. Although none of the treatments completely eliminated L. monocytogenes, the results indicated that ready-to-eat turkey ham can have significantly decreased L. monocytogenes when treated with nisin alone or in combination with rosemary or EDTA, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Kouakou P, Ghalfi H, Destain J, Dubois-Dauphin R, Evrard P, Thonart P. Effects of curing sodium nitrite additive and natural meat fat on growth control of Listeria monocytogenes by the bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus curvatus strain CWBI-B28. Food Microbiol 2009; 26:623-8. [PMID: 19527838 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Pangsomboon K, Bansal S, Martin GP, Suntinanalert P, Kaewnopparat S, Srichana T. Further characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus paracasei HL32. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:1928-40. [PMID: 19245409 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Purification, identification and partial characterization of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus paracasei HL32. It has been shown to have activity against Porphyromonas sp. METHODS AND RESULTS The purification of bacteriocin consisting of gel exclusion followed by anion exchange chromatography produced a single band upon an electrophoresis gel with a molecular weight corresponding to 56 kDa. The isolated protein contained 171 amino acids and the first 151 were sequenced. The bacteriocin contained a high percentage of cationic amino acids near the N-terminus, hydrophobic amino acids in the central region (Leu, Ile, Val, Phe, Trp and Gly) and hydrophilic residues (Ser, Asn and Gln) at the C-terminus. This structure did not match with that of previously reported bacteriocins. The antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin was determined against some pathogens and normal microbiota (P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythensis, S. salivarius and S. sanguinis) found in saliva and crevicular fluid. The bacteriocin was found to inhibit P. gingivalis at the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.14 mmol l(-1), but was found not to inhibit the other oral micro-organisms. The bacteriocin was found from transmission electron microscopy studies to cause pore formation in the cytoplasmic membranes of P. gingivalis at the pole and induce potassium efflux. Bacteriocin concentrations of two to four times of MBC were shown to induce haemolysis. The bacteriocin was heat-stable, surviving at 110 degrees C under pressure and possessed activity over a pH range of 6.8-8.5. Only a small reduction of activity was found to occur after incubation in biological fluids (saliva and crevicular fluid). CONCLUSIONS A novel bacteriocin has been identified that has selective activity against Porphyromonas sp. associated with periodontal disease. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The findings of this work gained the knowledge of specific antibacterial activity of bacteriocin against Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pangsomboon
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Khalil R, Elbahloul Y, Djadouni F, Omar S. Isolation and Partial Characterization of a Bacteriocin Produced by a Newly Isolated Bacillus megaterium 19 Strain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.242.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gálvez A, López RL, Abriouel H, Valdivia E, Omar NB. Application of Bacteriocins in the Control of Foodborne Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008; 28:125-52. [DOI: 10.1080/07388550802107202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lee NK, Lee JY, Kwak HG, Paik HD. Perspectives for the Industrial Use of Bacteriocin in Dairy and Meat Industry. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2008. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wu Z, Li X. Modification of the data-processing method for the turbidimetric bioassay of nisin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 74:511-6. [PMID: 17063329 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The data processing method of the turbidimetric bioassay of nisin was modified to facilitate its industrial application. The influence of the initial indicator concentration was minimized by a redefined specific dose of the bacteriocin as the quotient between the titer of the added bacteriocin and the initial population density of the indicator in the suspension. It was found that dc = 0.125 microg ml(-1) was the critical dose of nisin that can cause a complete inhibition of the indicator, Pediococcus acidilactici UL5, with an initial OD of 0.135. To eliminate the interference of the cell debris, an equation, epsilonI = ODi(1-di)/OD0 = epsilonA(1-di/dc), exploiting dc, was formulated to obtain the intrinsic survival proportion. The use of the specific dose of the bacteriocin and the intrinsic survival proportion as parameters of the dose/response curve greatly enhanced its repeatability and feasibility. A dual-dosage approach was developed to further simplify the conventional standard dose/response curve method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Montville TJ, De Siano T, Nock A, Padhi S, Wade D. Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis and potential surrogate bacilli growth from spore inocula by nisin and other antimicrobial peptides. J Food Prot 2006; 69:2529-33. [PMID: 17066940 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.10.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of nisin, synthetic temporin analogs, magainins, defensins, and cecropins to inhibit Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus mycoides, and Bacillus subtilis growth from spore inocula was determined using well diffusion assays. Nisin, magainin II amide, and defensins were inhibitory in screening against B. anthracis Sterne or B. cereus ATCC 7004, but only nisin inhibited virulent B. anthracis strains. The MICs of nisin against the 10 Bacillus strains examined were 0.70 to 13.51 microg/ml. Synthetic temporin analogs also inhibited B. anthracis but were not as potent as nisin. None of the strains examined were appropriate B. anthracis surrogates for testing sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Montville
- Department of Food Science, Cook College, Rutgers- State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA.
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Ammor S, Tauveron G, Dufour E, Chevallier I. Antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria isolated from the same meat small-scale facility. Food Control 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ammor S, Tauveron G, Dufour E, Chevallier I. Antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria isolated from the same meat small-scale facility. Food Control 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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OSMANAGAOGLU OZLEM, KIRAN FADIME, GUL NURSEL. EFFECT OF PEDIOCIN DT10 ON LEUCONOSTOC MESENTEROIDES OZ-N3 CELLS. J Food Saf 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2005.00023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Martinez R, De Martinis E. Antilisterial activity of a crude preparation of Lactobacillus sakei 1 bacteriocin and its lack of influence on Listeria monocytogenes haemolytic activity. Food Control 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Janes M, Kooshesh S, Johnson M. Control of Listeria monocytogenes on the Surface of Refrigerated, Ready-to-eat Chicken Coated with Edible Zein Film Coatings Containing Nisin and/or Calcium Propionate. J Food Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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De Martinis ECP, Alves VF, Franco BDGM. FUNDAMENTALS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE USE OF BACTERIOCINS PRODUCED BY LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN MEAT PRODUCTS. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/fri-120014688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cabo ML, Pastoriza L, Sampedro G, González MP, Murado MA. Joint effect of nisin, CO2, and EDTA on the survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecium in a food model system. J Food Prot 2001; 64:1943-8. [PMID: 11770621 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-64.12.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A study on the joint effect of either nisin or Nisaplin, headspace CO2 levels, and EDTA on the survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecium was carried out in a water-soluble fish muscle extract at 3 degrees C using a second-order rotatable factorial design. E. faecium was completely deactivated by all processing after 2 days of storage. In contrast, P. aeruginosa was much less susceptible to treatments, and cell death was satisfactorily described by two models. Nisin increased cell death, whereas Nisaplin (commercial form of nisin) was not suitable, as it caused undesirable interference, presumably due to its co-compounds. Interactions between Nisaplin or nisin and either EDTA or CO2 were found to be nonstatistically significant. Factors that could account for this unexpected lack of synergism are discussed. However, a statistically significant positive interaction was found between CO2 and EDTA. This finding could allow CO2 levels to be decreased and hence to reduce the main disadvantages of CO2 application, namely, exudation and acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Cabo
- Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (CSIC), Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
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Herranz C, Chen Y, Chung HJ, Cintas LM, Hernández PE, Montville TJ, Chikindas ML. Enterocin P selectively dissipates the membrane potential of Enterococcus faecium T136. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:1689-92. [PMID: 11282622 PMCID: PMC92786 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.4.1689-1692.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocin P is a pediocin-like, broad-spectrum bacteriocin which displays a strong inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes. The bacteriocin was purified from the culture supernatant of Enterococcus faecium P13, and its molecular mechanism of action against the sensitive strain E. faecium T136 was evaluated. Although enterocin P caused significant reduction of the membrane potential (DeltaPsi) and the intracellular ATP pool of the indicator organism, the pH gradient (DeltapH) component of the proton motive force (Deltap) was not dissipated. By contrast, enterocin P caused carboxyfluorescein efflux from E. faecium T136-derived liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Herranz
- Departmento de Nutrición y Bromatología III, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Dutreux N, Notermans S, Góngora-Nieto MM, Barbosa-Cánovas GV, Swanson BG. Effects of combined exposure of micrococcus luteus to nisin and pulsed electric fields. Int J Food Microbiol 2000; 60:147-52. [PMID: 11016604 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Death and injury following exposure of Micrococcus luteus to nisin and pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment were investigated in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8, sigma = 4.8 ms/cm at 20 degrees C). Four types of experiment were carried out, a single treatment with nisin (100 IU/ml at 20 degrees C for 2 h), a single PEF treatment, a PEF treatment followed by incubation with nisin (as before) and addition of nisin to the bacterial suspension prior to the PEF treatment. The application of nisin clearly enhanced the lethal effect of PEF treatment. The bactericidal effect of nisin reduced viable counts by 1.4 log10 units. Treatment with PEF (50 pulses at 33 kV/cm) resulted in a reduction of 2.4 log10 units. PEF treatment followed by nisin caused a reduction of 5.2 log10 units in comparison with a 4.9 log10 units reduction obtained with nisin followed by PEF. Injury of surviving cells was investigated using media with different concentrations of salt. Sublethally damaged cells of M. luteus could not be detected by this means, following PEF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dutreux
- TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
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Helander IM, Mattila-Sandholm T. Permeability barrier of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane with special reference to nisin. Int J Food Microbiol 2000; 60:153-61. [PMID: 11016605 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nisin pretreatment on organic acid-induced permeability increase in strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. marginalis, and Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium was investigated, using assays based on the uptake of a fluorescent dye 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN) and on the bacterial susceptibility to detergent-induced bacteriolysis. The outer membrane of bacteria which had been pretreated with nisin was shown to be less stable against 1 mM EDTA, as indicated by their significantly higher NPN uptake levels as compared to untreated bacteria. Upon challenge with a tenfold lower concentration of EDTA (0.1 mM) some nisin-treated strains (Typhimurium, P. marginalis) exhibited, however, NPN uptake levels which were lower than those seen in control bacteria, suggesting that nisin had stabilized their outer membrane. Nisin pretreatment also decreased the NPN uptake induced by citric or lactic acid or both in E. coli, P. marginalis, and Typhimurium, whereas in P. aeruginosa the pretreatment resulted in increased NPN uptake in response to citric and lactic acid. These results suggest that, with the exception of P. aeruginosa, nisin could protect bacteria from the outer membrane-disrupting effect caused by the acids. P. aeruginosa was, however, shown to be protected against bacteriolysis induced by the detergents sodium dodecylsulfate and Triton X-100. With a pair of isogenic mutants of Typhimurium differing in their cell surface charge it was shown that the NPN uptake response to I mM EDTA of the abnormally cationic strain was not significantly affected by nisin, whereas in the normal anionic strain nisin strongly strengthened the uptake. Our hypothesis based on these findings is that the normally anionic cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria has a tendency to bind the cationic nisin. The binding of nisin to the surface does not proceed to the cytoplasmic membrane, but in the outer membrane the bound nisin actually stabilizes its structure through electrostatic interactions. With the exception of EDTA, the organic acids at pH 4 did not cause leakage of cell contents from Typhimurium, indicating that these acids do not permeabilize the outer membrane to an extent required for cytoplasmic pore formation by nisin.
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Ramnath M, Beukes M, Tamura K, Hastings JW. Absence of a putative mannose-specific phosphotransferase system enzyme IIAB component in a leucocin A-resistant strain of Listeria monocytogenes, as shown by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:3098-101. [PMID: 10877813 PMCID: PMC92118 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.7.3098-3101.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2000] [Accepted: 04/17/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucocin A is a class IIa bacteriocin produced by Leuconostoc spp. that has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. A spontaneous resistant mutant of L. monocytogenes was isolated and found to be resistant to leucocin A at levels in excess of 2 mg/ml. The mutant showed no significant cross-resistance to nontype IIa bacteriocins including nisaplin and ESF1-7GR. However, there were no inhibition zones found on a lawn of the mutant when challenged with an extract containing 51,200 AU of pediocin PA-2 per ml as determined by a simultaneous assay on the sensitive wild-type strain. DNA and protein analysis of the resistant and susceptible strains were carried out using silver-stained amplified fragment length polymorphism (ssAFLP) and one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), respectively. Two-dimensional SDS-PAGE clearly showed a 35-kDa protein which was present in the sensitive but absent from the resistant strain. The N-terminal end of the 35-kDa protein was sequenced and found to have an 83% homology to the mannose-specific phosphotransferase system enzyme IIAB of Streptococcus salivarius.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramnath
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Gill AO, Holley RA. Inhibition of bacterial growth on ham and bologna by lysozyme, nisin and EDTA. Food Res Int 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0963-9969(99)00152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Montville TJ, Chung HJ, Chikindas ML, Chen Y. Nisin A depletes intracellular ATP and acts in bactericidal manner against Mycobacterium smegmatis. Lett Appl Microbiol 1999; 28:189-93. [PMID: 10196766 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by many strains of Lactococcus lactis. This study examined the effect of nisin on Mycobacterium smegmatis, a non-pathogenic species of Mycobacterium. Nisin had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8.0 micrograms ml-1 and a minimum inhibitory dose of 7.5 micrograms ml-1 against Myco. smegmatis. Treatment with 25.0 micrograms ml-1 nisin caused partial inhibition of Myco smegmatis; the survivors were nisin-sensitive when tested in a separate experiment. Mycobacterium smegmatis cells exposed to 50.0 micrograms ml-1 of nisin, lost their viability. the effect of nisin on the growth of Myco. smegmatis was both time- and concentration-dependent. Nisin (10.0 micrograms ml-1) caused 97.7 +/- 2.0% reduction in internal ATP and leakage of intracellular ATP out of Myco. smegmatis cells after several hours of treatment. These data suggest that nisin inhibits Myco. smegmatis by the same mechanism by which it inhibits other bacteria and warrants further investigation as a possible antitubercular agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Montville
- Cook College, Department of Food Science, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA.
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Chen Y, Ludescher RD, Montville TJ. Influence of lipid composition on pediocin PA-1 binding to phospholipid vesicles. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64:3530-2. [PMID: 9726911 PMCID: PMC106761 DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.9.3530-3532.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediocin PA-1 bound to anionic lipid vesicles with saturated or unsaturated fatty acid chains in a lipid concentration-dependent fashion. Little change in binding parameters was observed for zwitterionic lipid vesicles. Decreasing the anionic lipid content of the vesicles gave a higher relative dissociation constant for the peptide-lipid interactions and further supports the electrostatic interaction model of binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Food Science, Cook College, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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Ponce E, Pla R, Sendra E, Guamis B, Mor-Mur M. Combined effect of nisin and high hydrostatic pressure on destruction of Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli in liquid whole egg. Int J Food Microbiol 1998; 43:15-9. [PMID: 9761334 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(98)00088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High hydrostatic pressure inactivation of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua inoculated in liquid whole egg was improved significantly (P < 0.05) with nisin addition at concentrations of 1.25 and 5 mg/1. A reduction of almost 5 log10 units in E. coli counts and more than 6 log10 units for L. innocua was obtained at 450 MPa and 5 mg/l of nisin. For this treatment, the two microorganisms were not detectable after 1 month of storage at 4 degrees C. The amount of nisin added did not affect E. coli inactivation at 300 MPa. For L. innocua, 5 mg/l of nisin was more effective than 1.25 mg/l. Nisin showed no effect when samples were stored at 20 degrees C after pressurization, except for samples with L. innocua containing 5 mg/l of nisin and treated with 450 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ponce
- Unitat de Tecnologia dels Aliments, Ce.R.T.A., Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Chen Y, Ludescher RD, Montville TJ. Electrostatic interactions, but not the YGNGV consensus motif, govern the binding of pediocin PA-1 and its fragments to phospholipid vesicles. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:4770-7. [PMID: 9406395 PMCID: PMC168800 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.12.4770-4777.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize in detail the binding of pediocin PA-1 and its fragments to target membranes by using tryptophan fluorescence as a probe. Based on a three-dimensional model (Y. Chen, R. Shapira, M. Eisenstein, and T. J. Montville, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:524-531, 1997), four synthetic N-terminal pediocin fragments were selected to study the mechanism of the initial step by which the bacteriocin associates with membranes. Binding of pediocin PA-1 to vesicles of phosphatidylglycerol, the major component of Listeria membranes, caused an increase in the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence intensity with a blue shift of the emission maximum. The Stern-Volmer constants for acrylamide quenching of the fluorescence of pediocin PA-1 in buffer and in the lipid vesicles were 8.83 +/- 0.42 and 3.53 +/- 0.67 M-1, respectively, suggesting that the tryptophan residues inserted into the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer. The synthetic pediocin fragments bound strongly to the lipid vesicles when a patch of positively charged amino acid residues (K-11 and H-12) was present but bound weakly when this patch was mutated out. Quantitative comparison of changes in tryptophan fluorescence parameters, as well as the dissociation constants for pediocin PA-1 and its fragments, revealed that the relative affinity to the lipid vesicles paralleled the net positive charge in the peptide. The relative affinity for the fragment containing the YGNGV consensus motif was 10-fold lower than that for the fragment containing the positive patch. Furthermore, changing the pH from 6.0 to 8.0 decreased binding of the fragments containing the positive patch, probably due to deprotonation of His residues. These results demonstrate that electrostatic interactions, but not the YGNGV motif, govern pediocin binding to the target membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Food Science, Cook College, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08901-8520, USA
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Kaiser AL, Montville TJ. Purification of the bacteriocin bavaricin MN and characterization of its mode of action against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A cells and lipid vesicles. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:4529-35. [PMID: 8953724 PMCID: PMC168279 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.12.4529-4535.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bavaricin MN was purified from Lactobacillus sake culture supernatant 135-fold with a final yield of 11%. Sequence analysis revealed bavaricin MN to be a 42-amino-acid peptide having a molecular weight of 4,769 and a calculated pI of 10.0. Computer analysis indicated that the C-terminal region may form an alpha-helical structure with an amphipathic nature deemed important in the interaction of bacteriocins with biological membranes. Bavaricin MN rapidly depleted the membrane potential (delta p) of energized Listeria monocytogenes cells in a concentration-dependent fashion. At a bavaricin MN concentration of 9.0 micrograms/ml, the delta p decreased by 85%. Both the electrical potential (delta psi) and Z delta pH components of the delta p were depleted, and this depletion was not dependent on a threshold level of proton motive force. In addition to studying the effect of bavaricin MN on the delta p of vegetative cells, bavaricin MN-induced carboxyfluorescein (CF) efflux from L. monocytogenes-derived lipid vesicles was also characterized. Bavaricin MN-induced CF leakage was also concentration dependent with an optimum of pH 6.0. The rate of CF efflux was 63% greater in lipid vesicles in which a delta psi was generated compared with that in lipid vesicles in the absence of a delta psi.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kaiser
- Program in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08903, USA
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