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Ciesielska A, Kawa A, Kanarek K, Soboń A, Szewczyk R. Metabolomic analysis of Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis during keratin degradation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3959. [PMID: 33597693 PMCID: PMC7889620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin is important and needed for the growth of dermatophytes in the host tissue. In turn, the ability to invade keratinised tissues is defined as a pivotal virulence attribute of this group of medically important fungi. The host–dermatophyte interaction is accompanied by an adaptation of fungal metabolism that allows them to adhere to the host tissue as well as utilize the available nutrients necessary for their survival and growth. Dermatophyte infections pose a significant epidemiological and clinical problem. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common anthropophilic dermatophyte worldwide and its typical infection areas include skin of hands or feet and nail plate. In turn, Microsporum canis is a zoophilic pathogen, and mostly well known for ringworm in pets, it is also known to infect humans. The aim of the study was to compare the intracellular metabolite content in the T. rubrum and M. canis during keratin degradation using liquid chromatography system coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). The metabolite “fingerprints” revealed compounds associated with amino acids metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism related to the glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), as well as nucleotide and energy metabolism. The metabolites such as kynurenic acid, l-alanine and cysteine in case of T. rubrum as well as cysteine and riboflavin in case of M. canis were detected only during keratin degradation what may suggest that these compounds may play a key role in the interactions of T. rubrum and M. canis with the host tissue. The metabolomic results were completed by qPCR gene expression assay. Our findings suggest that metabolomic analysis of T. rubrum and M. canis growing in culture media that mimic the dermatophyte infection could allow the understanding of processes involved in the pathogenesis of dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ciesielska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Kawa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kanarek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adrian Soboń
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Szewczyk R, Różalska S, Mironenka J, Bernat P. Atrazine biodegradation by mycoinsecticide Metarhizium robertsii: Insights into its amino acids and lipids profile. J Environ Manage 2020; 262:110304. [PMID: 32250788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine, is one of major concern pesticides contaminating agricultural areas and ground water. Its microbial biodegradation seems to be the most efficient in terms of economic and environmental benefits. In the present work the cometabolic biodegradation of atrazine by the fungus Metarhizum robertsii IM 6519 during 10-day batch cultures was characterized. The herbicide was transformed to several hydroxy-, dechlorinated or dealkylated metabolites with the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. The obtained metabolomics data revealed that atrazine induced oxidative stress (increased the levels of L-proline, L-ornithine, L-arginine, GABA and L-methionine), disruptions of the carbon and nitrogen metabolism (L-aspartic acid, L-asparagine, L-tyrosine, L-threonine, L-isoleucine, L-phenylalanine, 1-methyl-L-histidine, L-tryptophan, L-valine, L-alanine, O-phospho-L-serine, L-sarcosine or L-lysine) and caused an increase in the membrane fluidity (a rise in the phosphatidylcholines/phosphatidylethanolamines (PC/PE) ratio together with the growth of the taurine level). The increased level of hydroxyl derivatives of linoleic acid (9-HODE and 13-HODE) confirmed that atrazine induced lipid peroxidation. The presented results suggesting that M. robertsii IM 6519 might be applied in atrazine biodegradation and may bring up the understanding of the process of triazine biodegradation by Metarhizum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Szewczyk
- Centre of Clinical and Aesthetic Medicine DiMedical, Legionów 40/19, 90-702, Łódź, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Julia Mironenka
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
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Soboń A, Szewczyk R, Długoński J, Różalska S. A proteomic study of Cunninghamella echinulata recovery during exposure to tributyltin. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:32545-32558. [PMID: 31625117 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A proteomic study of Cunninghamella echinulata recovery during exposure to tributyltin was conducted with 2-D SDS-PAGE protein separation and profiling, MALDI-TOF/TOF protein identification, and PCA analysis. The presence of TBT resulted in an upregulation of enzymes related to energy production via cellular respiration. The unique overexpression of NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, together with an increased level of cytochrome c oxidase, ATP synthase subunits, and inorganic pyrophosphatase, indicates a strong energy deficit in the cells, leading to an increase in the ATP production. The overexpression of Prohibitin-1, a multifunctional protein associated with the proper functioning of mitochondria, was observed as well. The data also revealed oxidative stress condition. Among reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes, only superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed active response against oxidative stress induced by the xenobiotic. The induction of a series of ROS-scavenging enzymes was supported by a microscopic analysis revealing a considerably large concentration of ROS in the hyphae. The overexpression of cytoskeleton-related proteins in the TBT presence was also noticed. The obtained results allow explaining the recovery strategy of the fungus in response to the energy depletion caused by TBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Soboń
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
- Centre of Clinical and Aesthetic Medicine DiMedical, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Długoński
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Kobrzycka A, Napora P, Pearson BL, Pierzchała-Koziec K, Szewczyk R, Wieczorek M. Peripheral and central compensatory mechanisms for impaired vagus nerve function during peripheral immune activation. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:150. [PMID: 31324250 PMCID: PMC6642550 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the etiology and possible treatment strategies for numerous diseases requires a comprehensive understanding of compensatory mechanisms in physiological systems. The vagus nerve acts as a key interface between the brain and the peripheral internal organs. We set out to identify mechanisms compensating for a lack of neuronal communication between the immune and the central nervous system (CNS) during infection. METHODS We assessed biochemical and central neurotransmitter changes resulting from subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and whether they are modulated by intraperitoneal infection. We performed a series of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or sham operations on male Wistar rats. Next, after full, 30-day recovery period, they were randomly assigned to receive an injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide or saline. Two hours later, animal were euthanized and we measured the plasma concentration of prostaglandin E2 (with HPLC-MS), interleukin-6 (ELISA), and corticosterone (RIA). We also had measured the concentration of monoaminergic neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the amygdala, brainstem, hippocampus, hypothalamus, motor cortex, periaqueductal gray, and prefrontal medial cortex using RP-HPLC-ED. A subset of the animals was evaluated in the elevated plus maze test immediately before euthanization. RESULTS The lack of immunosensory signaling of the vagus nerve stimulated increased activity of discrete inflammatory marker signals, which we confirmed by quantifying biochemical changes in blood plasma. Behavioral results, although preliminary, support the observed biochemical alterations. Many of the neurotransmitter changes observed after vagotomy indicated that the vagus nerve influences the activity of many brain areas involved in control of immune response and sickness behavior. Our studies show that these changes are largely eliminated during experimental infection. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in vagotomized animals with blocked CNS, communication may transmit via a pathway independent of the vagus nerve to permit restoration of CNS activity for peripheral inflammation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kobrzycka
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Napora
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Brandon L. Pearson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Wieczorek
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Bernat P, Nykiel-Szymańska J, Stolarek P, Słaba M, Szewczyk R, Różalska S. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-induced oxidative stress: Metabolome and membrane modifications in Umbelopsis isabellina, a herbicide degrader. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199677. [PMID: 29933393 PMCID: PMC6014680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study reports the response to herbicide of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading fungal strain Umbelopsis isabellina. A comparative analysis covered 41 free amino acids as well as 140 lipid species of fatty acids, phospholipids, acylglycerols, sphingolipids, and sterols. 2,4-D presence led to a decrease in fungal catalase activity, associated with a higher amount of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Damage to cells treated with the herbicide resulted in increased membrane permeability and decreased membrane fluidity. Detailed lipidomic profiling showed changes in the fatty acids composition such as an increase in the level of linoleic acid (C18:2). Moreover, an increase in the phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylcholine ratio was observed. Analysis of fungal lipid profiles revealed that the presence of 2,4-D was accompanied by the accumulation of triacylglycerols, a decrease in ergosterol content, and a considerable rise in the level of sphingolipid ceramides. In the exponential phase of growth, increased levels of leucine, glycine, serine, asparagine, and hydroxyproline were found. The results obtained in our study confirmed that in the cultures of U. isabellina oxidative stress was caused by 2,4-D. The herbicide itself forced changes not only to membrane lipids but also to neutral lipids and amino acids, as the difference of tested compounds profiles between 2,4-D-containing and control samples was consequently lower as the pesticide degradation progressed. The presented findings may have a significant impact on the basic understanding of 2,4-D biodegradation and may be applied for process optimization on metabolomic and lipidomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Justyna Nykiel-Szymańska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Stolarek
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mirosława Słaba
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Szewczyk R, Kuśmierska A, Bernat P. Ametryn removal by Metarhizium brunneum: Biodegradation pathway proposal and metabolic background revealed. Chemosphere 2018; 190:174-183. [PMID: 28987406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ametryn is a representative of a class of s-triazine herbicides absorbed by plant roots and leaves and characterized as a photosynthesis inhibitor. It is still in use in some countries in the farming of pineapples, soybean, corn, cotton, sugar cane or bananas; however, due to the adverse effects of s-triazine herbicides on living organisms use of these pesticides in the European Union has been banned. In the current study, we characterized the biodegradation of ametryn (100 mg L-1) by entomopathogenic fungal cosmopolite Metarhizium brunneum. Ametryn significantly inhibited the growth and glucose uptake in fungal cultures. The concentration of the xenobiotic drops to 87.75 mg L-1 at the end of culturing and the biodegradation process leads to formation of four metabolites: 2-hydroxy atrazine, ethyl hydroxylated ametryn, S-demethylated ametryn and deethylametryn. Inhibited growth is reflected in the metabolomics data, where significant differences in concentrations of L-proline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-glutamine, 4-hydroxyproline, L-glutamic acid, ornithine and L-arginine were observed in the presence of the xenobiotic when compared to control cultures. The metabolomics data demonstrated that the presence of ametryn in the fungal culture induced oxidative stress and serious disruptions of the carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Our results provide deeper insights into the microorganism strategy for xenobiotic biodegradation which may result in future enhancements to ametryn removal by the tested strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Kuśmierska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
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Boncler M, Kehrel B, Szewczyk R, Stec-Martyna E, Bednarek R, Brodde M, Watala C. Oxidation of C-reactive protein by hypochlorous acid leads to the formation of potent platelet activator. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:2701-2714. [PMID: 29111269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We examined the structural and functional consequences of oxidative modification of C-reactive protein (CRP) by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which can be generated in vivo via the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl- system. HOCl exposure resulted in the oxidation and chlorination of CRP amino acid residues, leading to protein unfolding, greater surface hydrophobicity and the formation of aggregates. After treatment of isolated platelets with 50μg/ml HOCl-CRP, the modified CRP significantly stimulated platelet activation (over 10-fold increase in the fraction of CD62-positive platelets compared to controls, P<0.008), enhanced deposition of platelets onto immobilized fibrinogen (two-fold rise in platelet adhesion compared to controls, P<0.0001), and induced platelet aggregation by up to 79.5%. The ability of HOCl-CRP to interact with several platelet receptors (TLR-4, GPIIbIIIa) and plasma proteins (C1q, IgG) strongly indicates that HOCl-modification leads to structural changes of CRP resulting in the formation of new ligand binding sites, which is characteristic of the monomeric form of CRP exerting pro-inflammatory effects on a variety of cells. Overall, the oxidation of native CRP by HOCl seems to represent an alternative mechanism of CRP modification, by which CRP reveals its pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic properties, and as such, it might be of causal relevance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Boncler
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Beate Kehrel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Radosław Bednarek
- Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Martin Brodde
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Cezary Watala
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Szewczyk R, Słaba M, Soboń A, Bernat P, Różalska S, Sierant M, Sochacka E, Nawrot B, Długoński J. MS/MS analysis as a tool for oxidative stress biomarker identification and profiling. N Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bernat P, Siewiera P, Szewczyk R, Długoński J. Lipidomic study in biodegradation of toxic pollutants by microorganisms. N Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Soboń A, Szewczyk R, Długoński J. Targeted metabolomic analysis of Cunninghamella echinulata amino acid composition during exposition to tributyltin. N Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wrońska N, Brzostek A, Szewczyk R, Soboń A, Dziadek J, Lisowska K. The Role of fadD19 and echA19 in Sterol Side Chain Degradation by Mycobacterium smegmatis. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050598. [PMID: 27164074 PMCID: PMC6273163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria are able to degrade natural sterols and use them as a source of carbon and energy. Several genes which play an important role in cholesterol ring degradation have been described in Mycobacterium smegmatis. However, there are limited data describing the molecular mechanism of the aliphatic side chain degradation by Mycobacterium spp. In this paper, we analyzed the role of the echA19 and fadD19 genes in the degradation process of the side chain of cholesterol and β-sitosterol. We demonstrated that the M. smegmatis fadD19 and echA19 genes are not essential for viability. FadD19 is required in the initial step of the biodegradation of C-24 branched sterol side chains in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155, but not those carrying a straight chain like cholesterol. Additionally, we have shown that echA19 is not essential in the degradation of either substrate. This is the first report, to our knowledge, on the molecular characterization of the genes playing an essential role in C-24 branched side chain sterol degradation in M. smegmatis mc2155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wrońska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Brzostek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Street, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adrian Soboń
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Street, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Lisowska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
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12
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Kołodziejczyk I, Dzitko K, Szewczyk R, Posmyk MM. Exogenous melatonin improves corn (Zea mays L.) embryo proteome in seeds subjected to chilling stress. J Plant Physiol 2016. [PMID: 26945210 DOI: 10.1007/s11738-016-2166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL; N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays an important role in plant stress defense. Various plant species rich in this indoleamine have shown a higher capacity for stress tolerance. Moreover, it has great potential for plant biostimulation, is biodegradable and non-toxic for the environment. All this indicates that our concept of seed enrichment with exogenous MEL is justified. This work concerns the effects of corn (Zea mays L.) seed pre-sowing treatments supplemented with MEL. Non-treated seeds (nt), and those hydroprimed with water (H) or with MEL solutions 50 and 500 μM (HMel50, HMel500) were compared. Positive effects of seed priming are particularly apparent during germination under suboptimal conditions. The impact of MEL applied by priming on seed protein profiles during imbibition/germination at low temperature has not been investigated to date. In order to identify changes in the corn seed proteome after applying hydropriming techniques, purified protein extracts of chilling stressed seed embryos (14 days, 5°C) were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Then proteome maps were graphically and statistically compared and selected protein spots were qualitatively analyzed using mass spectrometry techniques and identified. This study aimed to analyze the priming-induced changes in maize embryo proteome and at identifying priming-associated and MEL-associated proteins in maize seeds subjected to chilling. We attempt to explain how MEL expands plant capacity for stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Ecophysiology and Plant Development, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dzitko
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata M Posmyk
- Department of Ecophysiology and Plant Development, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
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Kołodziejczyk I, Dzitko K, Szewczyk R, Posmyk MM. Exogenous melatonin improves corn (Zea mays L.) embryo proteome in seeds subjected to chilling stress. J Plant Physiol 2016; 193:47-56. [PMID: 26945210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL; N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays an important role in plant stress defense. Various plant species rich in this indoleamine have shown a higher capacity for stress tolerance. Moreover, it has great potential for plant biostimulation, is biodegradable and non-toxic for the environment. All this indicates that our concept of seed enrichment with exogenous MEL is justified. This work concerns the effects of corn (Zea mays L.) seed pre-sowing treatments supplemented with MEL. Non-treated seeds (nt), and those hydroprimed with water (H) or with MEL solutions 50 and 500 μM (HMel50, HMel500) were compared. Positive effects of seed priming are particularly apparent during germination under suboptimal conditions. The impact of MEL applied by priming on seed protein profiles during imbibition/germination at low temperature has not been investigated to date. In order to identify changes in the corn seed proteome after applying hydropriming techniques, purified protein extracts of chilling stressed seed embryos (14 days, 5°C) were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Then proteome maps were graphically and statistically compared and selected protein spots were qualitatively analyzed using mass spectrometry techniques and identified. This study aimed to analyze the priming-induced changes in maize embryo proteome and at identifying priming-associated and MEL-associated proteins in maize seeds subjected to chilling. We attempt to explain how MEL expands plant capacity for stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Ecophysiology and Plant Development, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dzitko
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata M Posmyk
- Department of Ecophysiology and Plant Development, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Gajewska A, Skolimowski J, Szewczyk R, Bartosz G. Nitroxides protect against peroxynitrite-induced nitration and oxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1165-75. [PMID: 26546694 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxides are promising compounds for prevention of undesired protein modifications. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of 11 nitroxides, derivatives of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxide (TEMPO) and 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpirrolidine-1-oxyl (PROXYL) in prevention of nitration and oxidation of model compounds and human serum albumin (HSA). Most nitroxides were very efficient in preventing loss of fluorescein fluorescence induced by peroxynitrite (PN) (IC50 in the nanomolar range) and preventing HSA nitration. The loss of fluorescein fluorescence was demonstrated to be due to nitration. Nitroxides were more effective in prevention nitration than oxidation reactions. They showed a concentration window for preventing dihydrorhodamine (DHR) 123 oxidation but exerted a prooxidant effect at both high and low concentrations. No prooxidant effect of nitroxides was seen in prevention of DHR123 oxidation induced by SIN-1. In all essays hydrophobic nitroxides (especially 4-nonylamido-TEMPO and 3-carbamolyl-dehydroPROXYL) showed the lowest efficiency. An exception was the prevention of thiol group oxidation by PN and SIN-1 where hydrophobic nitroxides were the most effective, apparently due to binding to the protein. Nitroxides showed low toxicity to MCF-7 cells. Most nitroxides, except for the most hydrophobic ones, protected cells from the cytotoxic action of SIN-1 and SIN-1-induced protein nitration. These results point to potential usefulness of nitroxides for prevention of PN-induced oxidation and, especially, nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gajewska
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Janusz Skolimowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland; Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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15
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Słaba M, Różalska S, Bernat P, Szewczyk R, Piątek MA, Długoński J. Efficient alachlor degradation by the filamentous fungus Paecilomyces marquandii with simultaneous oxidative stress reduction. Bioresour Technol 2015; 197:404-409. [PMID: 26356111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The acceleration of alachlor degradation by Paecilomyces marquandii under controlled and optimized conditions of fungal cultivation in liquid batches was observed (by ca. 20% in comparison to the flask cultures). Acidic environment and oxygen limitation resulted in deterioration of herbicide elimination. Efficient xenobiotic degradation did not correlate with free radicals formation, but some conditions of bioreactor cultivation such as neutral pH and oxygen enriched atmosphere (pO2⩾30%) caused a decrease in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in mycelia. The changes in the glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) levels, also in the dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities showed active response of the tested fungus against alachlor induced oxidative stress. These results will contribute to the improvement of chloroacetanilides elimination by fungi and extend the knowledge concerning oxidative stress induction and fungal cellular defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Słaba
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Milena A Piątek
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jerzy Długoński
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
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Fiołka MJ, Grzywnowicz K, Mendyk E, Zagaja M, Szewczyk R, Rawski M, Keller R, Rzymowska J, Wydrych J. Antimycobacterial action of a new glycolipid-peptide complex obtained from extracellular metabolites of Raoultella ornithinolytica. APMIS 2015; 123:1069-80. [PMID: 26547373 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an antimycobacterial component of extracellular metabolites of a gut bacterium Raoultella ornithinolytica from D. veneta earthworms was isolated and its antimycobacterial action was tested using Mycobacterium smegmatis. After incubation with the complex obtained, formation of pores and furrows in cell walls was observed using microscopic techniques. The cells lost their shape, stuck together and formed clusters. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis showed that, after incubation, the complex was attached to the cell walls of the Mycobacterium. Analyses of the component performed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated high similarity to a bacteriocin nisin, but energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed differences in the elemental composition of this antimicrobial peptide. The component with antimycobacterial activity was identified using mass spectrometry techniques as a glycolipid-peptide complex. As it exhibits no cytotoxicity on normal human fibroblasts, the glycolipid-peptide complex appears to be a promising compound for investigations of its activity against pathogenic mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta J Fiołka
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Grzywnowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewaryst Mendyk
- Analytical Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Łódź
| | - Michał Rawski
- Analytical Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Radosław Keller
- Analytical Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Rzymowska
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wydrych
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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Szewczyk R, Soboń A, Słaba M, Długoński J. Mechanism study of alachlor biodegradation by Paecilomyces marquandii with proteomic and metabolomic methods. J Hazard Mater 2015; 291:52-64. [PMID: 25765177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alachlor is an herbicide that is widely used worldwide to protect plant crops against broadleaf weeds and annual grasses. However, due to its endocrine-disrupting activity, its application had been banned in the European Union. As described in our earlier work, Paecilomyces marquandii is a microscopic fungus capable of alachlor removal by N-acetyl oxidation. Our current work uses proteomics and metabolomics to gain a better understanding of alachlor biodegradation by the microscopic fungus P. marquandii. The data revealed that the addition of alachlor reduced the culture growth and glucose consumption rates. Moreover, the rates of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acids (TCA) cycle increased during the initial stage of growth, and there was a shift toward the formation of supplementary materials (UDP-glucose/galactose) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers (ascorbate). Proteomic analysis revealed that the presence of xenobiotics resulted in a strong upregulation of enzymes related to energy, sugar metabolism and ROS production. However, the unique overexpression of cyanide hydratase in alachlor-containing cultures may implicate this enzyme as the key protein involved in the alachlor biodegradation pathway. The characterization of P. marquandii-mediated alachlor removal in terms of cell structure and function provides a deeper insight into the strategies of microorganisms toward xenobiotic biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź Poland
| | - Adrian Soboń
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź Poland
| | - Mirosława Słaba
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź Poland
| | - Jerzy Długoński
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź Poland.
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Fiołka M, Grzywnowicz K, Rzymowska J, Lewtak K, Szewczyk R, Mendyk E, Keller R. Antitumour and apoptotic effects of a novel Tris-peptide complex obtained after isolation of Raoultella ornithinolytica
extracellular metabolites. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:1357-69. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Fiołka
- Department of Immunobiology; Institute of Biology and Biochemistry; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University; Lublin Poland
| | - K. Grzywnowicz
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biology and Biochemistry; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University; Lublin Poland
| | - J. Rzymowska
- Department of Biology and Genetics; Medical University of Lublin; Poland
| | - K. Lewtak
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology; Institute of Biology and Biochemistry; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University; Lublin Poland
| | - R. Szewczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology; Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology; University of Łódź; Poland
| | - E. Mendyk
- Analytical Laboratory; Faculty of Chemistry; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University; Lublin Poland
| | - R. Keller
- Analytical Laboratory; Faculty of Chemistry; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University; Lublin Poland
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Bernat P, Gajewska E, Szewczyk R, Słaba M, Długoński J. Tributyltin (TBT) induces oxidative stress and modifies lipid profile in the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:4228-35. [PMID: 24306727 PMCID: PMC3945233 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the response of the tributyltin-degrading fungal strain Cunninghamella elegans to the organotin, a comparative lipidomics strategy was employed using an LC/MS-MS technique. A total of 49 lipid species were identified. Individual phospholipids were then quantified using a multiple reaction monitoring method. Tributyltin (TBT) caused a decline in the amounts of many molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylserine and an increase in the levels of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. In the presence of TBT, it was observed that overall unsaturation was lower than in the control. Lipidome data were analyzed using principal component analysis, which confirmed the compositional changes in membrane lipids in response to TBT. Additionally, treatment of fungal biomass with butyltin led to a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. It is suggested that modification of the phospholipids profile and lipids peroxidation may reflect damage to mycelium caused by TBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Mirosława Słaba
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jerzy Długoński
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
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20
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Słaba M, Szewczyk R, Piątek MA, Długoński J. Alachlor oxidation by the filamentous fungus Paecilomyces marquandii. J Hazard Mater 2013; 261:443-450. [PMID: 23974531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Alachlor, a popular chloroacetanilide herbicide, can be a potential health risk factor. Soil microorganisms are primarily responsible for conversion and migration of alachlor in natural environment, but knowledge concerning alachlor biodegradation is not complete. Therefore, we studied the ability of Paecilomyces marquandii, soil fungus tolerant to heavy metals, to eliminate alachlor and proposed a new pathway of its transformation. After 7 days of incubation only 3.3% of alachlor was detected from an initial concentration 50 mg L(-1) and 20.1% from a concentration 100 mg L(-1). The qualitative IDA LC-MS analysis showed the presence of ten metabolites. All of them were dechlorinated mainly through oxidation, but also reductive dechlorination was observed. The main route of alachlor conversion progressed via N-acetyl oxidation resulting in the formation of mono-, di- and trihydroxylated byproducts. N-acetyl oxidation as a dominant route of alachlor metabolism by fungi has not been described so far. The toxicity of alachlor tested with Artemia franciscana did not increase after treatment with P. marquandii cultures. Paecilomyces marquandii strain seems to be an interesting model for the research on alachlor conversion by soil microscopic fungi, due to its dechlorination and hydroxylation ability as well as high tolerance to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Słaba
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
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Bernat P, Szewczyk R, Krupiński M, Długoński J. Butyltins degradation by Cunninghamella elegans and Cochliobolus lunatus co-culture. J Hazard Mater 2013; 246-247:277-282. [PMID: 23314396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds are ubiquitous in environment. However, biodegradation of tributyltin (TBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) to non toxic metabolites by fungi has been seldom observed. In this study we constructed a fungal co-culture with an efficient ability of TBT and its metabolites removal. The microscopic fungus strain Cunninghamella elegans degraded TBT via hydroxybutyldibutyltin (OHBuDBT) to its metabolites: DBT and monobutyltin (MBT), which were then transformed by Cochliobolus lunatus. The sequential biodegradation resulted in a 10-fold decrease in samples toxicity to Artemia franciscana larvae. With an initial TBT concentration of 5 mg l(-1), the co-culture of both fungi almost completely eliminated butyltins during 12 days of incubation in synthetic medium. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the mixed fungal co-culture could efficiently degrade TBT. This process was associated with glucose utilization, and a cometabolic nature of butyltins removal by selected strains has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, PL 90-237 Łódź, Poland
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22
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Kowalski K, Szewczyk R, Druszczyńska M. [Mycolic acids--potential biomarkers of opportunistic infections caused by bacteria of the suborder Corynebacterineae]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 66:461-8. [PMID: 22922146 DOI: 10.5604/17322693.1002082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mycolic acids are one of the basic elements of the cell wall structure of bacteria belonging to the suborder Corynebacterineae, constituting from 20% to 40% of dry weight. Additionally, they show high structural diversity within each family and species. Nowadays, profiles of mycolic acids are widely described for the genus Mycobacterium, the causative agent of tuberculosis. However, the suborder Corynebacterineae also includes many representatives of opportunistic human pathogens, e.g. Dietzia, Gordonia, Nocardia and Rhodococcus. Currently, an increased infection risk caused by this group of microorganisms especially in immunocompromised patients has been observed. Better knowledge of mycolic acid profiles for Corynebacterineae may allow identification of mycolic acids as diagnostic markers in the detection of opportunistic bacterial infections. Modern techniques of chemical analysis, including mass spectrometry, may enable the development of new chemotaxonomic methods for the detection and differentiation of bacteria within the suborder Corynebacterineae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kowalski
- Zakład Immunologii Komórkowej, Katedra Immunologii i Biologii Infekcyjnej, Instytut Mikrobiologii, Biotechnologii i Immunologii, Uniwersytet Łódzki.
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Szewczyk R, Grabowski K, Napieralska M, Sankowski W, Zubert M, Napieralski A. A reliable iris recognition algorithm based on reverse biorthogonal wavelet transform. Pattern Recognit Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rózalska S, Szewczyk R, Długoński J. Biodegradation of 4-n-nonylphenol by the non-ligninolytic filamentous fungus Gliocephalotrichum simplex: a proposal of a metabolic pathway. J Hazard Mater 2010; 180:323-331. [PMID: 20447765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
4-Nonylphenols (NPs) are endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) which are known to interfere with the endocrine system of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to test the ability of non-ligninolytic filamentous fungus Gliocephalotrichum simplex to biodegrade 4-n-NP. The results revealed that during the first 24h of incubation, 4-n-NP at the concentration of 50 mg L(-1) was eliminated from the culture medium by 88%, whereas at the concentration of 100 mg L(-1) by 50%. In this paper, glucose utilization as a co-substrate during toxic compound degradation was also shown. It was found that the presence of 4-n-NP caused sugar metabolism retardation and this inhibition was dependent on NP concentration. The qualitative GC-MS analysis showed the presence of products of G. simplex 4-n-NP biodegradation. We proposed the metabolic pathway of 4-n-NP biodegradation, which is based on subsequent C1 removals from the alkyl chain followed by the aromatic ring cleavage. In further experiments with 4-n-NP [ring-(14)C(U)] we proved aromatic ring cleavage occurrence. After 72 h of incubation the evolution of (14)CO(2) was observed and the mineralization efficiency was on the level of 29%. The results suggest the existence of a novel mechanism of 4-n-NP degradation in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Rózalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
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Darlewski W, Popiel S, Nalepa T, Gromotowicz W, Szewczyk R, Stankiewicz R. Investigation of DBS electro-oxidation reaction in the aqueous-organic solution of LiClO4. J Hazard Mater 2010; 175:460-467. [PMID: 19913996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A process of dibutyl sulphide (DBS) electro-oxidation using electrolysis and cyclic voltamperometry was investigated in water-methanol solution using different electrodes (platinum, boron doped diamond, graphite and glassy carbon). Obtained results indicate that the DBS electro-oxidation process is irreversible in voltamperometric conditions. It was shown that during DBS electrolytic oxidation on Pt, at the low anode potential (1.8 V), DBS was oxidized to sulphoxide and sulphone. Electrolysis at higher potential (up to 3.0 V) resulted in complete DBS oxidation and formation of various products, including: butyric acid, sulphuric acid, butanesulphinic acid, butanesulphonic acid, identified using gas chromatography (GC-AED) and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Darlewski
- Military University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Kaliskiego Street 2, 00-908 Warszawa, Poland
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26
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Słaba M, Szewczyk R, Bernat P, Długoński J. Simultaneous toxic action of zinc and alachlor resulted in enhancement of zinc uptake by the filamentous fungus Paecilomyces marquandii. Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:4127-4133. [PMID: 19394071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbial ability vary when pollutants exist together in the environment in comparison to the presence of single toxic compound. The influence of alachlor and zinc on the growth of the filamentous fungus Paecilomyces marquandii and its ability to eliminate alachlor and zinc has been studied. Their simultaneous presence in the polluted environment is very probable. In liquid cultures the pesticide (50 mg/l) was removed with the efficiency of 85% within 7 days. Beginning from the third day of culturing two derivatives of alachlor were found: N-(2',6'-diethylphenyl)-N-metoxymethyl-acetamide and unstable 2-chloro-N-(2',6'-diethylphenyl)-N-hydroxymethyl-acetamide, the first time detected as product of alachlor metabolisation by filamentous fungus. The herbicide elimination was not inhibited by zinc up to 1.0 mM of the metal content in the culture medium, 5.0-7.5 mM of the metal limited alachlor depletion by 30-50%, whereas a higher zinc concentration stopped this process. Zinc content in P. marquandii mycelium during the incubation in growth medium reached 10-20 mg/g of dry weight and was increased up to 99 mg/g by alachlor, however due to its presence a strong inhibitory effect on growth was observed. It was postulated that the increase in zinc binding by the growing mycelium of P. marquandii in the presence of the pesticide was connected with the changes in the wall and membrane composition induced by simultaneous toxic interaction of zinc and alachlor. Only 15-20% of bound zinc was detected in the cell wall of the fungus, whereas the amount of zinc loaded in the wall of mycelium originating from the cultures incubated in the alachlor presence increased to 60%. Additionally, changes in the profile of fatty acids of cultures with pesticide and metal addition were observed. P. marquandii strain seems to be promising for a potential industrial application. It can both effectively bind zinc and remove alachlor from the mixture of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Słaba
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, Łódź, Poland
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Skrzat J, Szewczyk R, Walocha J. The ossified interclinoid ligament. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2006; 65:242-5. [PMID: 16988924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents an anatomical description of the ossified interclinoid ligament which was found in a male human skull. In the case studied the ossified ligament exists as a bony bridge between the anterior and posterior clinoid processes on the left side of the skull. The length of this connection was measured as 5.0 mm, while its thickness was 3.2 mm. We conjecture that the presence of a considerably thick bony trabecula within the sella region might have had an impact on the course of the internal carotid artery or the oculomotor nerve, causing compression of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Skrzat
- Department of Anatomy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.
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Szewczyk R, Bernat P, Milczarek K, Długoński J. Application of microscopic fungi isolated from polluted industrial areas for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pentachlorophenol reduction. Biodegradation 2004; 14:1-8. [PMID: 12801095 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023522828660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The growth abilities of fifteen fungal strains isolated from contaminated areas, in the presence of xenobiotics compounds mixture (overworked cutting fluid, crude and waste oil) were examined. Strains with the richest growth were chosen for anthracene, phenanthrene and pentachlorophenol biodegradation in Sabouraud medium (with initial xenobiotic concentration 250 mg/l in cultures with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 10 mg/l for the chlorinated substrate). Strains IM 1063 and IM 6325 were able to attack phenanthrene forming its derivative 9-phenanthrenol with the yields 5.22 mg/l and 2.82 mg/l, respectively. Strain IM 1063 and IM 6325 transformed pentachlorophenol to an intermediate compound--pentachloromethoxybenzene. Final content of pentachloromethoxybenzene reached 3.46 mg/l and 3.2 mg/l, respectively. Strain IM 6203 (contrary to other strains) released an intermediate product of pentachlorophenol metabolism--2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone (8.73 mg/l substrate remaining and 1.2 mg/l 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone forming). The IM 6203 strain was identified as Mucor ramosissimus. The chlorinated pesticide degradation by M. ramosissimus was improved significantly on a medium with overworked oil. Only 8.3% of pentachlorophenol and 4.3% of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone in relation to the introduced substrate (10 mg/l) were found, after 7 days of incubation. The growth of M. ramosissimus on medium with overworked oil in pentachlorophenol presence was associated with oil emulgation, which enhanced fungal growth and the pesticide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Lódź, Banacha 12/16, PL 90-327 Lódź, Poland
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Szewczyk R, Bienkowski A, Kolano R. Influence of nanocrystalization on magnetoelastic Villari effect in Fe73.5Nb3Cu1Si13.5B9 alloy. Cryst Res Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200310038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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