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S. RK, Nagaraju D, M. SR, Rajanarendar E. Facile Synthesis, Antimicrobial, and Anti‐inflammatory Activities of Novel Isoxazolyl imidazo[1,2‐
b
]isoxazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry Telangana University Nizamabad India
| | - Srinivas Reddy M.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vaageswari College of Pharmacy Thimmapur Karimnagar 505 527 (TS) India
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2
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Manisha, Gupta SS, Dhiman AK, Sharma U. Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Selective C7 Halogenation of Indolines. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha
- Chemical Technology Division CSIR-Institute of Himalayan and Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Shiv Shankar Gupta
- Chemical Technology Division CSIR-Institute of Himalayan and Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Ankit Kumar Dhiman
- Chemical Technology Division CSIR-Institute of Himalayan and Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Chemical Technology Division CSIR-Institute of Himalayan and Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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3
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Al-Hizab F, Kandeel M. Mycophenolate suppresses inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthases: a study of molecular and experimental drug repurposing. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11360. [PMID: 33987026 PMCID: PMC8092108 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolate mofetil is an established anti-proliferative and immune-suppressive agent that minimizes the proliferation of inflammatory cells by interfering with nucleic acid synthesis. Herein, we report our discovery of the prostaglandin inhibiting properties of MMF, which offers new applications for the drug in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The estimated values of IC50MMFCOX-1, IC50MMFCOX-2, and IC50MMF5-LOX were 5.53, 0.19, and 4.47 µM, respectively. In contrast, mycophenolic acid (MPA) showed slightly stronger inhibition: IC50MPACOX-1, IC50MPACOX-2, and IC50MPA5-LOX were 4.62, 0.14, and 4.49 µM, respectively. These results indicate that MMF and MPA are, respectively, 28.6 and 33 times more selective for cyclooxygenase-2 than for cyclooxygenase-1, which implies that MMF would have less impact on the gastric mucosa than most nonselective, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Furthermore, MMF provided dose-dependent relief of acute inflammation in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test, with results comparable to those of celecoxib and indomethacin. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the MMF bond with COX-2 was stable, as evidenced by a low root-mean-square deviation of atomic positions, complementary per-residue root-mean-square fluctuation, and 0–4 hydrogen bonds during the 50-ns simulation time. Therefore, MMF provides immune-suppressing, cyclooxygenase-inhibiting, and inflammation-relieving properties. Our results indicate that MMF can be 1) repositioned for inflammation treatment without the need for further expensive clinical trials, 2) used for local acute inflammations, and 3) used as a sparing agent for other steroid and non-steroid anti-inflammatory medications, especially in topical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Al-Hizab
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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4
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Wet-Osot S, Pewklang T, Chansaenpak K, Chudapongse N, Lai RY, Kamkaew A. One-Pot Synthesis of Coumarin-Indomethacin Hybrids as COX-2 Targeting Probes for Cancer Imaging. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1660-1666. [PMID: 33586347 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Facile synthesis of 6- or 7-substituted coumarin-indomathacin hybrids (Coum-IDM) has been developed for specific cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) binding along with their intrinsic fluorescent properties. A mild and rapid condensation/dehydrative cyclization of 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde with activated indomethacin was carried out in one step under ultrasound irradiation. Coum-IDM4 was found to be the best of this series as it presented significant binding to COX-2 and exhibited higher fluorescent intensity in cancer cells than in normal cells. Therefore, in the light of drug development tools, this new hybrid system could be a potential targeted probe for COX-2-overexpressed inflammation and cancer-cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirawit Wet-Osot
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Thitima Pewklang
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Kantapat Chansaenpak
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nuannoi Chudapongse
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Advanced Functional Materials, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Rung-Yi Lai
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Advanced Functional Materials, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Advanced Functional Materials, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
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5
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Chaudhary N, Aparoy P. Application of per-residue energy decomposition to identify the set of amino acids critical for in silico prediction of COX-2 inhibitory activity. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04944. [PMID: 33083581 PMCID: PMC7550918 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous magnitude of scientific research carried out in the field of NSAIDs and cyclooxygenases (COXs) is known. They are crucial in pain management. COX-2 inhibitors have evolved over the years; from traditional NSAIDs to isoform-specific. The present study is aimed to identify a cluster of amino acids in the catalytic site whose energy contribution can better explain COX-2 inhibitory activity accurately than the binding energy of the whole protein. Initially, MD simulations (25 ns) and MM-PBSA calculations were performed for 8 diarylheterocyclic inhibitors. Per-residue energy decomposition studies were carried out to elucidate the energy contribution of each amino acid, and their correlation with COX-2 inhibitory activity was enumerated. A cluster of catalytic amino acids whose free energy sum has a high correlation with biological data was identified. The cluster of Gln178, Ser339, Tyr341, Arg499, Phe504, Val509 and Ala513 showed the correlation of -0.60. Further, the study was extended to a total of 26 COX-2 inhibitors belonging to different classes to validate the applicability of the cluster of amino acids identified. Results clearly suggest that the cluster of amino acids identified provide accurate screening method, and can be applied to predict COX-2 inhibitory activity of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chaudhary
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, 176215, India
| | - Polamarasetty Aparoy
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, 176215, India.,Faculty of Biology, Indian Institute of Petroleum & Energy, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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6
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Kumari P, Mishra VS, Narayana C, Khanna A, Chakrabarty A, Sagar R. Design and efficient synthesis of pyrazoline and isoxazole bridged indole C-glycoside hybrids as potential anticancer agents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6660. [PMID: 32313038 PMCID: PMC7170901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
C-glycosides are important class of molecules exhibit diverse biological activities and present as structural motif in many natural products. Two series of new pyrazoline and isoxazole bridged indole C-glycoside molecular hybrids (n = 36) were efficiently synthesized starting from diverse indole 3-carboxaldehydes derived α, β-unsaturated ketone derivatives of β-D-glucosyl-propan-2-one, β-D-galactosyl-propan-2-one and β-D-mannosyl-propan-2-one, reacting with hydrazine hydrate and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in shorter reaction time (15 min) under microwave assisted condition. Anticancer activity of these newly synthesized pyrazoline and isoxazole bridged indoles C-glycoside hybrids were determined in details through cellular assays against MCF-7, MDA-MB-453 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. The selected library members displayed low micromolar (IC50 = 0.67–4.67 µM) and selective toxicity against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Whereas these compounds were nontoxic towards normal cell line (MCF-10A). Mechanistic studies showed that, active compounds inhibit COX-2 enzyme, which was also supported by molecular docking studies. These findings are expected to provide new leads towards anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University (SNU), NH91, Tehsil-Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Vishnu S Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University (SNU), NH91, Tehsil-Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Chintam Narayana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University (SNU), NH91, Tehsil-Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Anindita Chakrabarty
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University (SNU), NH91, Tehsil-Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University (SNU), NH91, Tehsil-Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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7
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Chen Y. Design and construction of COX-2 specific fluorescent probes. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 48:101472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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8
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Saini R, Malladi SR, Dharavath N. Diversity-oriented One-pot Synthesis of Novel Imidazo[4′,5′:4,5]benzo[e
][1,4]thiazepinones and Benzo[d
]imidazolyl Thiazolidinones through p
TSA Promoted Cyclization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Saini
- Department of Chemistry; Kakatiya University; Warangal TS 506 009 India
| | - Srinivas Reddy Malladi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Vaageswari College of Pharmacy; Thimmapur Karimnagar TS 505 481 India
| | - Nagaraju Dharavath
- Department of Chemistry; Telangana University; Nizamabad TS 503 322 India
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9
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Kassab SE, Khedr MA, Ali HI, Abdalla MM. Discovery of new indomethacin-based analogs with potentially selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and observed diminishing to PGE2 activities. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:306-321. [PMID: 29031075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New ring-extended analogs of indomethacin were designed based on the structure of active binding site of both COX-1 and COX-2 isoenzymes and the interaction pattern required for selective inhibition of COX-2 to improve its selectivity against COX-2. The strategy adopted for designing the new inhibitors involved i) ring extension of indomethacin to reduce the possibility of analogs to be accommodated into the narrow hydrophobic tunnel of COX-1, ii) deletion of carboxylic acid to reduce the possibility of inhibitor to form salt bridge with Arg120 and eventually prevent COX-1 inhibition, and iii) introduction of methylsulfonyl group to increase the opportunity of the analogs to interact with the polar side pocket that's is crucial for inhibition process of COX-2. The three series of tetrahydrocarbazoles involving 4, 5, 9, 10 and 12 were synthesized in quantitative yields adopting limited number of reaction steps, and applying laboratory friendly reaction conditions. In vitro and in vivo assays for data profiling the new candidates revealed the significant improvement in the potency and selectivity against COX-2 of 6-methoxytetrahydrocarbazole 4 (IC50 = 0.97 μmol) to verify the effect of ring extension in comparison to indomethacin (IC50 = 2.63 μmol), and 6-methylsulfonyltetrahydrocarbazole 10a (IC50 = 0.28 μmol) to verify the effect of ring extension and introduction of methylsulfonyl group. 9-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-6-(methylsulfonyl)-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-4H-carbazol-4-one 12a showed the most potential and selective activity against COX-2 (IC50 = 0.23 μmol) to be with superior potency to Celecoxib (IC50 = 0.30 μmol). Consistently, 12a was the most active with all the other anti-inflammatory test descriptors and its activity in diminishing the PGE2 with the other analogs confirmed the elaboration of new class of selective COX-2 inhibitors beyond the diarylsulfonamides as a previously common class of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Molecular docking study revealed the high binding score of compound 12a (-30.78 kcal/mol), with less clash contribution (7.2) that is close to indomethacin. Also, 12a showed low conformation entropy score (1.40). Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation identified the equilibrium of both potential and kinetic energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa E Kassab
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Buhaira 22516, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A Khedr
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Hamed I Ali
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M University Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Kingsville 78363, Texas, USA
| | - Mohamed M Abdalla
- Research Unit, Saco Pharm. Co., 6th of October City, Giza 68330, Egypt
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10
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Sárosi MB, Neumann W, Lybrand TP, Hey-Hawkins E. Molecular Modeling of the Interactions between Carborane-Containing Analogs of Indomethacin and Cyclooxygenase-2. J Chem Inf Model 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menyhárt-Botond Sárosi
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wilma Neumann
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Terry P. Lybrand
- Center
for Structural Biology, Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8725, United States
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Ahmadian-Moghaddam M, Bekhradnia A, Tatar M. A facile method for regioselective synthesis of new N-acetyl/thioacetyl- (E)-stilbene benzenesulfonamide derivatives via N-acetyl/thioacetyl sulfonamide formation. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2016.1269231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ahmadian-Moghaddam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Bekhradnia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monire Tatar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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12
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Saini R, Dharavath N, Eligeti R, Malladi SR. Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Novel Isoxazolyl-4-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H
-3-indolyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylates. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Saini
- Department of Chemistry; Kakatiya University; Warangal 506 009 TS India
| | - Nagaraju Dharavath
- Department of Chemistry; Telangana University; Nizamabad 503 322 TS India
| | | | - Srinivas Reddy Malladi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Vaageswari College of Pharmacy, JNTU-Hyderabad; Thimmapur Karimnagar 505 527 TS India
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13
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Khatri CK, Indalkar KS, Patil CR, Goyal SN, Chaturbhuj GU. Novel 2-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[ b ]benzothiophene analogues as selective COX-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, anti-inflammatory evaluation, and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1721-1726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Zhang S, Wu K, Liu Y, Lin Y, Zhang X, Zhou J, Zhang H, Pan T, Fu Y. Finasteride Enhances the Generation of Human Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by Up-Regulating the COX2/PGE2 Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156549. [PMID: 27253400 PMCID: PMC4890941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been known to be a key factor in the regulation of the immune system under numerous conditions such as tumors, infections, autoimmune diseases, and transplantations. In contrast to the proposed deleterious role of MDSCs in tumors and infections, MDSCs with their suppressive function are now proved to have the beneficial potential of suppressing the autoimmune response and promoting tolerance to transplantation. Therefore, the expansion of MDSCs could be a promising therapeutic strategy for many diseases. In this study, we aimed to identify FDA-approved drugs that could aid in the expansion of functional MDSCs. We performed a high-throughput screening (HTS) of FDA-approved drugs based on the in vitro human MDSC-differentiation system and identified finasteride (FIN) to have the best potency to aid the generation of human MDSCs. The FIN-induced MDSCs were quite similar to monocytic MDSCs with regard to their surface phenotype, morphology, immunosuppressive function, and related gene expression. Next, we aimed to determine the mechanism of action of FIN and found that FIN induced the expansion of MDSCs through up-regulation of the COX2/PGE2 pathway by enhancing the activity of COX2 promoter. In addition, the administration of indomethacin (IND), a COX2 inhibitor, abrogated the effect of FIN. Based on these results, we suggested that FIN could find applications in the future in the expansion of MDSCs. Further development of FIN-like compounds could be a novel strategy for generating functional MDSCs for immunosuppressive therapies in various immune disorder conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingtong Lin
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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15
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Laube M, Kniess T, Pietzsch J. Development of Antioxidant COX-2 Inhibitors as Radioprotective Agents for Radiation Therapy-A Hypothesis-Driven Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5020014. [PMID: 27104573 PMCID: PMC4931535 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) evolved to be a primary treatment modality for cancer patients. Unfortunately, the cure or relief of symptoms is still accompanied by radiation-induced side effects with severe acute and late pathophysiological consequences. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are potentially useful in this regard because radioprotection of normal tissue and/or radiosensitizing effects on tumor tissue have been described for several compounds of this structurally diverse class. This review aims to substantiate the hypothesis that antioxidant COX-2 inhibitors are promising radioprotectants because of intercepting radiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in normal tissue, especially the vascular system. For this, literature reporting on COX inhibitors exerting radioprotective and/or radiosensitizing action as well as on antioxidant COX inhibitors will be reviewed comprehensively with the aim to find cross-points of both and, by that, stimulate further research in the field of radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01062, Germany.
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16
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Khoshneviszadeh M, Shahraki O, Khoshneviszadeh M, Foroumadi A, Firuzi O, Edraki N, Nadri H, Moradi A, Shafiee A, Miri R. Structure-based design, synthesis, molecular docking study and biological evaluation of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives acting as COX/15-LOX inhibitors with anti-oxidant activities. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1602-11. [PMID: 27028154 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1158713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives were designed as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. These compounds were synthesized and screened for inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) based on a cellular assay using human whole blood (HWB) and lipoxygenase (LOX-15) that are key enzymes in inflammation. The results showed that 3-(2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)-5,6-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazine (G11) was identified as the most potent COX-2 inhibitor (78%) relative to COX-1 (50%). Ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) assay revealed that compound G10 possesses the highest anti-oxidant activity. The compound G3 with IC50 value of 124 μM was the most potent compound in LOX inhibitory assay. Molecular docking was performed and a good agreement was observed between computational and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences .,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Omolbanin Shahraki
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- c Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Hamid Nadri
- d Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran , and
| | - Alireza Moradi
- d Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran , and
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- e Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ramin Miri
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
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17
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Ma HL, Xie L, Zhang Z, Li JQ, Qin ZH, Fu B. Enantioselective Copper(II)-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Indoles to β-Substituted Unsaturated Acyl Phosphonates. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Neumann W, Xu S, Sárosi MB, Scholz MS, Crews BC, Ghebreselasie K, Banerjee S, Marnett LJ, Hey-Hawkins E. nido-Dicarbaborate Induces Potent and Selective Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:175-8. [PMID: 26088701 PMCID: PMC4900168 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbaboranes are increasingly studied as pharmacophores, particularly as replacements for aromatic systems. However, especially ortho-carbaborane is prone to degradation of the cluster, which hampers biological application. This study demonstrates that deboronation of the cluster may not only lead to a more active analogue, but can also improve the solubility and stability of a carbaborane-containing inhibitor. Notably, introduction of a nido-dicarbaborate cluster into the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin results in remarkably increased inhibitory potency and selectivity for COX-2 relative to the respective phenyl analogue. The first crystal structure of a carbaborane-containing inhibitor bound to COX-2 further reveals a novel binding mode for the inhibitor that is strikingly different from that of indomethacin. These results indicate that nido-dicarbaborate is a promising pharmacophore that exhibits properties which are also highly beneficial for its introduction into other inhibitor classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Neumann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 23rdAvenue South & Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Menyhárt B Sárosi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias S Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Brenda C Crews
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 23rdAvenue South & Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kebreab Ghebreselasie
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 23rdAvenue South & Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Surajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA)
- Northeastern Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 23rdAvenue South & Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Chansaenpak K, Wang M, Liu S, Wu Z, Yuan H, Conti PS, Li Z, Gabbaï FP. Synthesis and in vivo stability studies of [18F]-zwitterionic phosphonium aryltrifluoroborate/indomethacin conjugates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of ortho-phosphonium phenyltrifluoroborates with indomethacin affords conjugates which have been radiolabeled by 18F–19F isotopic exchange in aqueous solutions and imaged by positron emission tomography in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill 27599
- USA
| | - Shuanglong Liu
- Molecular Imaging Center
- Department of Radiology
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles 90033
- USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill 27599
- USA
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Radiology
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill 27599
- USA
| | - Peter S. Conti
- Molecular Imaging Center
- Department of Radiology
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles 90033
- USA
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill 27599
- USA
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20
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Undare SS, Valekar NJ, Patravale AA, Jamale DK, Vibhute SS, Walekar LS, Kolekar GB, Deshmukh MB, Anbhule PV. One-pot synthesis and in vivo biological evaluation of new pyrimidine privileged scaffolds as potent anti-inflammatory agents. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Rajanarendar E, Rama Krishna S, Nagaraju D, Govardhan Reddy K, Kishore B, Reddy Y. Environmentally benign synthesis, molecular properties prediction and anti-inflammatory activity of novel isoxazolo[5,4-d]isoxazol-3-yl-aryl-methanones via vinylogous Henry nitroaldol adducts as synthons. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1630-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Nayak PS, Narayana B, Sarojini BK, Hegde K, Shashidhara KS. Design and synthesis of novel heterocyclic acetamide derivatives for potential analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Tsyshchuk IE, Vorobyeva DV, Peregudov AS, Osipov SN. Cu-Catalyzed Carbenoid Functionalization of Indoles by Methyl 3,3,3-Trifluoro-2-diazopropionate. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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24
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Laube M, Tondera C, Sharma SK, Bechmann N, Pietzsch FJ, Pigorsch A, Köckerling M, Wuest F, Pietzsch J, Kniess T. 2,3-Diaryl-substituted indole based COX-2 inhibitors as leads for imaging tracer development. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05650g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 2,3-diaryl-substituted indoles containing a fluorine or methoxy group was synthesized via Fischer indole synthesis, McMurry cyclization, or Bischler–Möhlau reaction to identify potential leads for PET radiotracer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laube
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
| | - Christoph Tondera
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
| | - Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Oncology
- Cross Cancer Institute
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
| | - Franz-Jacob Pietzsch
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research
| | - Arne Pigorsch
- Department of Inorganic Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Rostock
- 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Köckerling
- Department of Inorganic Solid State Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Rostock
- 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology
- Cross Cancer Institute
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden, Germany
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25
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Summ O, Evers S. Mechanism of action of indomethacin in indomethacin-responsive headaches. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2013; 17:327. [PMID: 23423598 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-013-0327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Indomethacin, as a member of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug class, plays a special role in the treatment of headaches. By definition, it is completely efficacious in the treatment of the primary headache disorders paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua. Therefore, indomethacin is also used as a tool for differential diagnosis in headache clinics. Indomethacin has a clear action as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Additional mechanisms and interactions with cell signaling pathways and inflammatory pathways are considered in this article. However, it is not known what mechanism or interaction with pathophysiological mechanisms is the key to indomethacin's specific pharmacology in headache therapy. Focusing on headache therapy, we summarize the current knowledge of pharmacology, treatment options, and recommendations for the use of indomethacin in primary headaches. New findings from the field of headache research, as well as from Alzheimer's disease and cancer research on the pharmacological actions of indomethacin and their potential implications on the pathophysiology of indomethacin sensitive headaches, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Summ
- Department of Neurology, University-Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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26
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Blobaum AL, Uddin MJ, Felts AS, Crews BC, Rouzer CA, Marnett LJ. The 2'-Trifluoromethyl Analogue of Indomethacin Is a Potent and Selective COX-2 Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:486-490. [PMID: 23687559 PMCID: PMC3654564 DOI: 10.1021/ml400066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Indomethacin is a potent, time-dependent,
nonselective inhibitor
of the cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2). Deletion of the 2′-methyl
group of indomethacin produces a weak, reversible COX inhibitor, leading
us to explore functionality at that position. Here, we report that
substitution of the 2′-methyl group of indomethacin with trifluoromethyl
produces CF3–indomethacin, a tight-binding inhibitor
with kinetic properties similar to those of indomethacin and unexpected
COX-2 selectivity (IC50 mCOX-2 = 267 nM; IC50 oCOX-1 > 100 μM). Studies with site-directed mutants reveal
that COX-2 selectivity results from insertion of the CF3 group into a small hydrophobic pocket formed by Ala-527, Val-349,
Ser-530, and Leu-531 and projection of the methoxy group toward a
side pocket bordered by Val-523. CF3–indomethacin
inhibited COX-2 activity in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
cells and exhibited in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced
rat paw edema model with similar potency to that of indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Blobaum
- The A. B.
Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer
Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology,
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology,
and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United
States
| | - Md. Jashim Uddin
- The A. B.
Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer
Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology,
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology,
and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United
States
| | - Andrew S. Felts
- The A. B.
Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer
Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology,
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology,
and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United
States
| | - Brenda C. Crews
- The A. B.
Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer
Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology,
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology,
and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United
States
| | - Carol A. Rouzer
- The A. B.
Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer
Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology,
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology,
and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United
States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- The A. B.
Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer
Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology,
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology,
and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United
States
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27
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Al-Suwaidan IA, Alanazi AM, El-Azab AS, Al-Obaid AM, ElTahir KEH, Maarouf AR, Abu El-Enin MA, Abdel-Aziz AAM. Molecular design, synthesis and biological evaluation of cyclic imides bearing benzenesulfonamide fragment as potential COX-2 inhibitors. Part 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2601-5. [PMID: 23528298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A group of cyclic imides (1-10) was designed for evaluation as a selective COX-2 inhibitors and investigated in vivo for their anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 6a, 6b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a and 10b were proved to be potent COX-2 inhibitors with IC50 range of 0.1-4.0 μM. In vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition structure-activity studies identified compound 8a as a highly potent (IC50=0.1 μM), and an extremely selective [COX-2 (SI)>1000] comparable to celecoxib [COX-2 (SI)>384], COX-2 inhibitor that showed superior anti-inflammatory activity (ED50=72.4 mg/kg) relative to diclofenac (ED50=114 mg/kg). Molecular modeling was carried out through docking the designed compounds into the COX-2 binding site to predict if these compounds have analogous binding mode to the COX-2 inhibitors. The study showed that the homosulfonamide fragment of 8a inserted deep inside the 2°-pocket of the COX-2 active site, where the SO2NH2 group underwent H-bonding interaction with Gln(192)(2.95 Å), Phe(518)(2.82 Å) and Arg(513)(2.63 and 2.73 Å). Docking study of the synthesized compound 8a into the active site of COX-2 revealed a similar binding mode to SC-558, a selective COX-2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Al-Suwaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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28
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New quinazolinone–pyrimidine hybrids: Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenicity studies. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 53:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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29
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Scholz M, Blobaum AL, Marnett LJ, Hey-Hawkins E. Ortho-carbaborane derivatives of indomethacin as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4830-7. [PMID: 22748709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel indomethacin analogues with carbaboranes as three-dimensional substitutes for the chlorophenyl ring have been prepared. Their cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition and enzyme selectivity has been tested and compared to the corresponding adamantyl analogues. Surprisingly, only the ortho-carbaborane derivatives were active compounds. Preliminary biological studies gave an interesting insight into the validity of employing carbaboranes as pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Abstract
In medicinal chemistry, carbaboranes can be employed either as boron carriers for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) or as scaffolds for radiodiagnostic or therapeutic agents. We have developed a suitable synthesis employing the phosphoramidite method to connect meta-carbaboranyl bis-phosphonites with the 6'-OH group of isopropylidene-protected galactose, followed by oxidation or sulfurization to give the corresponding bis-phosphonates. Deprotection yielded water-soluble compounds. The corresponding disodium salts exhibit especially low cytotoxicity. Preliminary results on the in vivo toxicity and biodistribution of two compounds in mice indicated a lack of selectivity for the cotton rat lung (CRL) tumor chosen for the experiment. For the incorporation of carbaboranes into breast tumor-selective modified neuropeptide Y, [F7, P34]-NPY, a synthesis of a carbaborane-modified lysine derivative was developed. Linkage of the lysine to the boron cluster was achieved by using a propionic acid spacer. Incorporation of the amino acid derivatives into NPY and [F7, P34]-NPY by solid-phase peptide synthesis was successful. Preliminary studies showed that the receptor binding affinity and signal transduction of the boron-modified peptides were very well retained. Asborin, the carbaborane analogue of aspirin, is a rather weak inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2, but a highly potent aldo/keto reductase 1A1 (AKR1A1) inhibitor. Modification either at the carboxyl group or at the chlorophenyl ring in indomethacin with ortho- and meta-carbaboranyl derivatives gave active derivatives only for the ortho-carbaborane directly attached to the carboxyl group, while the corresponding adamantyl and meta-carbaboranyl derivatives were inactive.
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31
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Lelliott A, Nikkar-Esfahani A, Offer J, Orchard P, Roberts RE. The role of extracellular-signal regulate kinase (ERK) in the regulation of airway tone in porcine isolated peripheral bronchioles. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 674:407-14. [PMID: 22094061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) is known to regulate vascular smooth muscle contraction. However, a role for ERK in airway smooth muscle contraction has yet to be demonstrated conclusively, although contractile agents increase ERK activity in airway smooth muscle. Rather than initiating contraction, ERK could regulate airway tone by interfering with relaxation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether ERK regulates contraction or relaxation of airway smooth muscle. Segments of porcine peripheral bronchioles were mounted in an isolated tissue bath in Krebs-Henseleit buffer and maintained at 37°C. Cumulative concentration-response curves to histamine, endothelin-1, or the muscarinic agonist carbachol were then carried out in the absence or presence of the MEK inhibitor PD98059. In separate experiments, cumulative concentration response curves to the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline or the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin were carried out in the absence or presence of the MEK inhibitors PD98059 or U0126. ERK activity was measured by Western blotting. All three contractile agents increased ERK activity, but the contractile responses were unaffected by PD98059. On the other hand, both PD98059 and U0126 enhanced the relaxations to isoprenaline but not relaxations to the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin. The enhancement of isoprenaline-induced relaxations with PD98059 was prevented by the K(+) channel blocker tetraethylammonium. These data suggest that ERK regulates airway smooth muscle tone by inhibiting β-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxations, rather than an initiation of contraction. The effect on β-adrenoceptor-mediated responses appears to be through a cAMP-independent mechanism, possibly through an interaction with K(+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lelliott
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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32
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Lundy BJ, Jansone-Popova S, May JA. Enantioselective conjugate addition of alkenylboronic acids to indole-appended enones. Org Lett 2011; 13:4958-61. [PMID: 21846131 DOI: 10.1021/ol2020847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective addition of alkenylboronic acids and alkynylboronic esters to unprotected indole-appended enones is reported. This transformation proceeds with high enantioselectivity and high product yields via the use of catalytic amounts of 3,3'-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-BINOL and Mg(Ot-Bu)(2). A range of α-branched indole derivatives are available from the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Lundy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
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33
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Scholz M, Hey-Hawkins E. Carbaboranes as pharmacophores: properties, synthesis, and application strategies. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7035-62. [PMID: 21780840 DOI: 10.1021/cr200038x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Germany
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34
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of ester derivatives of indomethacin as selective COX-2 inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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35
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DeAngelis A, Shurtleff VW, Dmitrenko O, Fox JM. Rhodium(II)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H functionalization of indoles. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1650-3. [PMID: 21265565 PMCID: PMC3144986 DOI: 10.1021/ja1093309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic, enantioselective method for the C-H functionalization of indoles by diazo compounds has been achieved. With catalytic amounts of Rh(2)(S-NTTL)(4), the putative Rh-carbene intermediates from α-alkyl-α-diazoesters react with indoles at C(3) to provide α-alkyl-α-indolylacetates in high yield and enantioselectivity. From DFT calculations, a mechanism is proposed that involves a Rh-ylide intermediate with oxocarbenium character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew DeAngelis
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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36
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Abdel-Aziz AAM, ElTahir KEH, Asiri YA. Synthesis, anti-inflammatory activity and COX-1/COX-2 inhibition of novel substituted cyclic imides. Part 1: Molecular docking study. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1648-55. [PMID: 21388719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A group of cyclic imides (1-13) was designed for evaluation as selective COX-2 inhibitors and investigated in vivo for their anti-inflammatory activities using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Compounds 5b, 6b, 11b, 11c, 12b and 12c were proved to be potent COX-2 inhibitors with IC50 range of 0.1-1.0 μM. In vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition structure-activity studies identified compound 5b as a highly potent (IC50=0.1 μM), and an extremely selective [COX-2 (SI)=400] comparable to celecoxib [COX-2 (SI)>333.3], COX-2 inhibitor that showed superior anti-inflammatory activity (ED50=104 mg/kg) relative to diclofenac (ED50=114 mg/kg). A Virtual screening was carried out through docking the designed compounds into the COX-2 binding site to predict if these compounds have analogous binding mode to the COX-2 inhibitors. Molecular modeling (docking) study showed that the CH3O substituents of 5b inserted deep inside the 2°-pocket of the COX-2 active site, where the O-atoms of such group underwent a H-bonding interaction with His90 (2.43, 2.83 Å), Arg513 (2.89 Å) and Tyr355 (3.34 Å). Docking study of the synthesized compound 5b into the active site of COX-2 revealed a similar binding mode to SC-558, a selective COX-2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A-M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Turki D, Abou-Zeid L, Shehata I, Al-Omar M. Therapeutic and Toxic Effects of New NSAIDs and Related Compounds: A Review and Prospective Study. INT J PHARMACOL 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2010.813.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Uddin MJ, Crews BC, Blobaum AL, Kingsley PJ, Ghebreselasie K, Saleh SS, Clanton JA, Baldwin RM, Marnett LJ. Synthesis and evaluation of [123I]-indomethacin derivatives as COX-2 targeted imaging agents. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Prasanna S, Manivannan E, Chaturvedi SC. Quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis of 2,3-diaryl indoles as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 20:455-61. [PMID: 16335053 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500277251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies have been performed on a combined series of 2-sulfonylphenyl-3-phenyl-indoles and 2-phenyl-3-sulfonylphenyl-indoles with a common 2,3 vicinal diaryl indole scaffold, recently reported as selective COX-2 inhibitors. This study is aimed to throw light on this, special class of diaryl heterocyclic family of selective COX-2 inhibitors. A preliminary Fujita-Ban analysis on 32 compounds provided valuable insights about the role of different substituents R1 and R2 around the 2,3 vicinal diaryl rings and R3, at position-5 of the central indole moiety in explaining their in vitro COX-2 inhibitory activity. The contribution of R1, R2, R3 towards COX-2 inhibitory activity resulted in statistically significant linear multiple regression equation with r = 0.942, r(2) = 0.888, s = 0.532 and F = 7.92, q(2) = 0.516 for 29 compounds. Fujita-Ban model shows a negative contribution of SO2NH2 and SO2CH3 at the R1 position; a negative contribution of 4-Cl, 2-Cl, 3-Cl, 3-CH3, 4-SO2CH3, 4-Br and a positive contribution of 4-OCH3, 4-CH3 substituents at the R2 position. At the R3 position a negative contribution of F, Br and a positive contribution of Cl, CH3 is encountered. In the light of our preliminary investigation that electron donating groups at the para position of R2 are conducive for COX-2 inhibitory activity from the Fujita-Ban model, we attempted to correlate the COX-2 inhibitory activity with quantum chemical descriptors of semi-empirical AM1 optimized geometries of the title compounds. Correlation analysis showed the molecular electronic descriptor, MOPAC total energy as crucial in governing COX-2 inhibitory activity of all the reported 41 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prasanna
- School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Ring road, Indore -452017, India.
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40
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Lu SM, Bolm C. Highly Chemo- and Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Linear α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. Chemistry 2008; 14:7513-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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QSAR analysis of 2-sulfonylphenyl-3-phenyl-indole derivatives as novel anti-inflammatory compounds. Med Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-008-9117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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42
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Wey SJ, Augustyniak ME, Cochran ED, Ellis JL, Fang X, Garvey DS, Janero DR, Letts LG, Martino AM, Melim TL, Murty MG, Richardson SK, Schroeder JD, Selig WM, Trocha AM, Wexler RS, Young DV, Zemtseva IS, Zifcak BM. Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of indomethacin derivatives as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibiting nitric oxide donors. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6367-82. [PMID: 17994684 DOI: 10.1021/jm0611861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Indomethacin, a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, was modified in three distinct regions in an attempt both to increase cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selectivity and to enhance drug safety by covalent attachment of an organic nitrate moiety as a nitric oxide donor. A human whole-blood COX assay shows the modifications on the 3-acetic acid part of the indomethacin yielding an amide-nitrate derivative 32 and a sulfonamide-nitrate derivative 61 conferred COX-2 selectivity. Along with their respective des-nitrate analogs, for example, 31 and 62, the nitrates 32 and 61 were effective antiinflammatory agents in the rat air-pouch model. After oral dosing, though, only 32 increased nitrate and nitrite levels in rat plasma, indicating that its nitrate tether served as a nitric oxide donor in vivo. In a rat gastric injury model, examples 31 and 32 both show a 98% reduction in gastric lesion score compared to that of indomethacin. In addition, the nitrated derivative 32 inducing 85% fewer gastric lesions when coadministered with aspirin as compared to the combination of aspirin and valdecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiow-Jyi Wey
- NitroMed, Inc., 125 Spring Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, USA.
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Singh P, Mittal A, Bhardwaj A, Kaur S, Kumar S. 1-Toluene-sulfonyl-3-[(3'-hydroxy-5'-substituted)-gamma-butyrolactone]-indoles: synthesis, COX-2 inhibition and anti-cancer activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:85-9. [PMID: 18061444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Indoles carrying a cyclic ester (gamma-butyrolactone) at C-3 position have been synthesized by the allylation of 3-indoleglyoxylate followed by iodocyclisation and the nucleophilic replacement of the iodo-group. Screening of these molecules for COX-2 inhibition and anti-cancer activities has identified compounds 10 and 11 as highly potent and selective for COX-2 as well as showing remarkable anti-cancer activities (better than that of indomethacin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Palwinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
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Kanazawa Y, Tsuchiya Y, Kobayashi K, Shiomi T, Itoh JI, Kikuchi M, Yamamoto Y, Nishiyama H. Asymmetric Conjugate Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones and Esters with Chiral Rhodium(2,6-bisoxazolinylphenyl) Catalysts. Chemistry 2006; 12:63-71. [PMID: 16193526 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
New asymmetric conjugate reduction of beta,beta-disubstituted alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and esters was accomplished with alkoxylhydrosilanes in the presence of chiral rhodium(2,6-bisoxazolinylphenyl) complexes in high yields and high enantioselectivity. (E)-4-Phenyl-3-penten-2-one and (E)-4-phenyl-4-isopropyl-3-penten-2-one were readily reduced at 60 degrees C in 95 % ee and 98 % ee, respectively, by 1 mol % of catalyst loading. (EtO)2MeSiH proved to be the best hydrogen donor of choice. tert-Butyl (E)-beta-methylcinnamate and beta-isopropylcinnamate could also be reduced to the corresponding dihydrocinnamate derivatives up to 98 % ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kanazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Kalgutkar AS, Crews BC, Saleh S, Prudhomme D, Marnett LJ. Indolyl esters and amides related to indomethacin are selective COX-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6810-22. [PMID: 16169736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory have revealed that esterification/amidation of the carboxylic acid moiety in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, generates potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors. In the present study, a series of reverse ester/amide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as selective COX-2 inhibitors. Most of the reverse esters/amides displayed time-dependent COX-2 inhibition with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. Replacement of the 4-chlorobenzoyl group on the indole nitrogen with a 4-bromobenzyl moiety resulted in compounds that retained selective COX-2 inhibitory potency. In addition to inhibiting COX-2 activity in vitro, the reverse esters/amides also inhibited COX-2 activity in the mouse macrophage-like cell line, RAW264.7. Overall, this strategy broadens the scope of our previous methodology of neutralizing the carboxylic acid group in NSAIDs as a means of generating COX-2-selective inhibitors and is potentially applicable to other NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Kalgutkar
- A.B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
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46
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Campbell JA, Bordunov V, Broka CA, Browner MF, Kress JM, Mirzadegan T, Ramesha C, Sanpablo BF, Stabler R, Takahara P, Villasenor A, Walker KAM, Wang JH, Welch M, Weller P. Rational design of 6-methylsulfonylindoles as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:4741-5. [PMID: 15324899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2004] [Revised: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of 3-arylmethyl, 3-aryloxy and 3-arylthio moieties into a 6-methylsulfonylindole framework using rational drug design led to potent, selective COX-2 inhibitors having efficacy in a rat carrageenan air pouch model. Incorporation of a conformationally more rigid 3-aroyloxy substituent onto the 6-methylsulfonylindole scaffold led to selective, but considerably less potent COX-2 inhibitors. Variation of the hydrophilicity and size of the indole 2-substituent of 3-arylthio-6-methylsulfonylindole inhibitors led to modulation of the COX-2 human whole blood (HWB) potency and selectivity.
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47
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48
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Kalgutkar AS. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors as non-ulcerogenic anti-inflammatory agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.9.7.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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49
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50
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Hu W, Guo Z, Yi X, Guo C, Chu F, Cheng G. Discovery of 2-phenyl-3-sulfonylphenyl-indole derivatives as a new class of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 11:5539-44. [PMID: 14642598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Sulfonylphenyl-3-phenyl-indole derivatives have been reported to be highly potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors previously. In this paper, the regio-isomeric analogues-2-phenyl-3-sulfonylphenyl-indoles were identified as potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors. This work led to the discovery of compounds 4a and 8a possessing higher activity than Celecoxib on cellular assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hu
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
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