1
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de la Fuente A, Verdaguer X, Riera A. Stereodivergent Syntheses of altro
and manno
Stereoisomers of 2-Acetamido-1,2-dideoxynojirimycin. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex de la Fuente
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Secció Química Orgànica. Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franqués 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Secció Química Orgànica. Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franqués 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
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2
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Sohrabi-Jahromi S, Marashi SA, Kalantari S. A kidney-specific genome-scale metabolic network model for analyzing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:158-67. [PMID: 26923795 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a type of nephrotic syndrome which accounts for 20 and 40 % of such cases in children and adults, respectively. The high prevalence of FSGS makes it the most common primary glomerular disorder causing end-stage renal disease. Although the pathogenesis of this disorder has been widely investigated, the exact mechanism underlying this disease is still to be discovered. Current therapies seek to stop the progression of FSGS and often fail to cure the patients since progression to end-stage renal failure is usually inevitable. In the present work, we use a kidney-specific metabolic network model to study FSGS. The model was obtained by merging two previously published kidney-specific metabolic network models. The validity of the new model was checked by comparing the inactivating reaction genes identified in silico to the list of kidney disease implicated genes. To model the disease state, we used a complete list of FSGS metabolic biomarkers extracted from transcriptome and proteome profiling of patients as well as genetic deficiencies known to cause FSGS. We observed that some specific pathways including chondroitin sulfate degradation, eicosanoid metabolism, keratan sulfate biosynthesis, vitamin B6 metabolism, and amino acid metabolism tend to show variations in FSGS model compared to healthy kidney. Furthermore, we computationally searched for the potential drug targets that can revert the diseased metabolic state to the healthy state. Interestingly, only one drug target, N-acetylgalactosaminidase, was found whose inhibition could alter cellular metabolism towards healthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayed-Amir Marashi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shiva Kalantari
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center (CKDRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Harit VK, Ramesh NG. Amino-functionalized iminocyclitols: synthetic glycomimetics of medicinal interest. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A review on the syntheses and biological activities of unnatural glycomimetics highlighting the effect of replacement of hydroxyl groups of natural iminosugars by amino functionalities is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kant Harit
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi - 110016
- India
| | - Namakkal G. Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi - 110016
- India
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4
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de la Fuente A, Mena-Barragán T, Farrar-Tobar RA, Verdaguer X, García Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C, Riera A. Stereoselective synthesis of 2-acetamido-1,2-dideoxynojirimycin (DNJNAc) and ureido-DNJNAc derivatives as new hexosaminidase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6500-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00507h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to the synthesis of 2-acetamido-1,2-dideoxynojirimycin (DNJNAc) and ureido-DNJNAc derivatives as potent hexosaminidase inhibitors is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex de la Fuente
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)
- E-08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Teresa Mena-Barragán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- E-41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | | | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)
- E-08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
| | | | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- E-41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)
- E-08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
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5
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Zhang GL, Zheng XJ, Zhang LH, Ye XS. Design and syntheses of some iminosugar derivatives as potential immunosuppressants. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Gem-diamine 1-N-iminosugars as versatile glycomimetics: synthesis, biological activity and therapeutic potential. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2009; 62:407-23. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2009.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Rountree JSS, Butters TD, Wormald MR, Boomkamp SD, Dwek RA, Asano N, Ikeda K, Evinson EL, Nash RJ, Fleet GWJ. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of enantiomeric beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitors LABNAc and DABNAc as potential agents against Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:378-92. [PMID: 19145603 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylhexosaminidases are of considerable importance in mammals and are involved in various significant biological processes. In humans, deficiencies of these enzymes in the lysosome, resulting from inherited genetic defects, cause the glycolipid storage disorders Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. One promising therapy for these diseases involves the use of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitors as chemical chaperones to enhance the enzyme activity above sub-critical levels. Herein we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a potent inhibitor, 2-acetamido-1,4-imino-1,2,4-trideoxy-L-arabinitol (LABNAc), in a high-yielding 11-step procedure from D-lyxonolactone. The N-benzyl and N-butyl analogues were also prepared and found to be potent inhibitors. The enantiomers DABNAc and NBn-DABNAc were synthesised from L-lyxonolactone, and were also evaluated. The L-iminosugar LABNAc and its derivatives were found to be potent noncompetitive inhibitors of some beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases, while the D-iminosugar DABNAc and its derivatives were found to be weaker competitive inhibitors. These results support previous work postulating that D-iminosugar mimics inhibit D-glycohydrolases competitively, and that their corresponding L-enantiomers show noncompetitive inhibition of these enzymes. Molecular modelling studies confirm that the spatial organisation in enantiomeric inhibitors leads to a different overlay with the monosaccharide substrate. Initial cell-based studies suggest that NBn-LABNAc can act as a chemical chaperone to enhance the deficient enzyme's activity to levels that may cause a positive pharmacological effect. LABNAc, NBn-LABNAc, and NBu-LABNAc are potent and selective inhibitors of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase and may be useful as therapeutic agents for treating adult Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shane Rountree
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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8
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Concellón JM, Rivero IA, Rodríguez-Solla H, Concellón C, España E, García-Granda S, Díaz MR. Totally Selective Synthesis of Enantiopure (3S,5S)- and (3R,5R)-4-Amino-3,5-dihydroxypiperidines from Aminodiepoxides Derived from Serine. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6048-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801058c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Concellón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33071 Oviedo, Spain, and Centro de Graduados e Investigación del Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Boulevard Industrial s/n, Mesa de Otay, Tijuana, B. C., México 22000
| | - Ignacio A. Rivero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33071 Oviedo, Spain, and Centro de Graduados e Investigación del Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Boulevard Industrial s/n, Mesa de Otay, Tijuana, B. C., México 22000
| | - Humberto Rodríguez-Solla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33071 Oviedo, Spain, and Centro de Graduados e Investigación del Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Boulevard Industrial s/n, Mesa de Otay, Tijuana, B. C., México 22000
| | - Carmen Concellón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33071 Oviedo, Spain, and Centro de Graduados e Investigación del Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Boulevard Industrial s/n, Mesa de Otay, Tijuana, B. C., México 22000
| | - Estibaly España
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33071 Oviedo, Spain, and Centro de Graduados e Investigación del Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Boulevard Industrial s/n, Mesa de Otay, Tijuana, B. C., México 22000
| | - Santiago García-Granda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33071 Oviedo, Spain, and Centro de Graduados e Investigación del Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Boulevard Industrial s/n, Mesa de Otay, Tijuana, B. C., México 22000
| | - M. R. Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33071 Oviedo, Spain, and Centro de Graduados e Investigación del Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Boulevard Industrial s/n, Mesa de Otay, Tijuana, B. C., México 22000
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9
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Chemical and chemo-enzymatic approaches to glycosidase inhibitors with basic nitrogen in the sugar ring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0119256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Panfil
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marek Chmielewski
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Nishimura Y. gem-Diamine 1-N-Iminosugars, a New Family of Glycosidase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Activity. HETEROCYCLES 2006. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-05-sr(t)3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Hong BC, Chen ZY, Nagarajan A, Kottani R, Chavan V, Chen WH, Jiang YF, Zhang SC, Liao JH, Sarshar S. Efficient and stereodivergent synthesis of deoxyimino sugars. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:2457-68. [PMID: 16169539 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both cis- and trans-2-substituted-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-3-ols have been prepared via an aldol condensation-ring-closing metathesis sequence. A stereodivergent synthesis of optionally functionalized deoxyimino sugars was achieved via asymmetric dihydroxylation or epoxidation/nucleophilic substitution of these tetrahydropyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan, ROC.
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13
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Knapp S, Yang C, Pabbaraja S, Rempel B, Reid S, Withers SG. Synthesis and Kinetic Analysis of the N-Acetylhexosaminidase Inhibitor XylNAc-Isofagomine. J Org Chem 2005; 70:7715-20. [PMID: 16149804 DOI: 10.1021/jo051117e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An efficient 10-step preparation from 4-methoxypyridine of (2R,3R,4R)-2-acetamido-3,4-dihydroxypiperidine ("XylNAc-isofagomine") in optically active form is described. Key steps include an enantioselective reduction with catecholborane/(S)-2-methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine, and a stereoselective pseudo-glycosylation of lithium azide by a cyclic sulfite ester. The title compound showed a Ki = 21 microM when evaluated against the N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase from Streptomyces plicatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Knapp
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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14
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Ouchi H, Mihara Y, Takahata H. A New Route to Diverse 1-Azasugars from N-Boc-5-hydroxy-3-piperidene as a Common Building Block. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5207-14. [PMID: 15960525 DOI: 10.1021/jo050519j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new general method for the synthesis of a variety of 1-azasugars with a nitrogen atom at the anomeric position is described. The readily available chiral N-Boc-5-hydroxy-3-piperidene 3 is transformed to isofagomine (2), homoisofagomine (13), and 5'-deoxyisofagomine (14) via stereoselective epoxidation and regioselective ring-cleavage in a highly stereocontrolled manner. In addition, the synthesis of all four stereoisomers of 3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidines (18-21) classified as 1-azasugar-type glycosidase inhibitors was stereoselectively achieved from the (chiral) piperidene 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Ouchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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16
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Mohamad SB, Nagasawa H, Uto Y, Hori H. Tumor cell alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity and its involvement in GcMAF-related macrophage activation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 132:1-8. [PMID: 12062184 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-N-acetyl galactosaminidase (alpha-NaGalase) has been reported to accumulate in serum of cancer patients and be responsible for deglycosylation of Gc protein, which is a precursor of GcMAF-mediated macrophage activation cascade, finally leading to immunosuppression in advanced cancer patients. We studied the biochemical characterization of alpha-NaGalase from several human tumor cell lines. We also examined its effect on the potency of GcMAF to activate mouse peritoneal macrophage to produce superoxide in GcMAF-mediated macrophage activation cascade. The specific activity of alpha-NaGalases from human colon tumor cell line HCT116, human hepatoma cell line HepG2, and normal human liver cells (Chang liver cell line) were evaluated using two types of substrates; GalNAc-alpha-PNP (exo-type substrate) and Gal-beta-GalNAc-alpha-PNP (endo-type substrate). Tumor-derived alpha-NaGalase having higher activity than normal alpha-NaGalase, had higher substrate specificity to the exo-type substrate than to the endo-type substrate, and still maintained its activity at pH 7. GcMAF enhance superoxide production in mouse macrophage, and pre-treatment of GcMAF with tumor cell lysate reduce the activity. We conclude that tumor-derived alpha-NaGalase is different in biochemical characterization compared to normal alpha-NaGalase from normal Chang liver cells. In addition, tumor cell-derived alpha-NaGalase decreases the potency of GcMAF on macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharuddin B Mohamad
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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17
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Kondo KI, Adachi H, Nishimura Y, Takeuchi T. N-alkyl-3-decarboxy-3-hydroxymethylsiastatin B, a new family of glycosidase inhibitors of gem-diamine 1-N-iminosugars. NATURAL PRODUCT LETTERS 2002; 15:371-5. [PMID: 11838974 DOI: 10.1080/10575630108041306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
N-Alkyl-3-decarboxy-3-hydroxymethylsiastatin B, N-alkyl analogues of gem-diamine 1-N-iminosugars, is a new family of glycosidase inhibitors that have been synthesized from siastatin B isolated from Streptomyces culture. These compounds were evaluated as glycosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Kondo
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Lillelund VH, Jensen HH, Liang X, Bols M. Recent developments of transition-state analogue glycosidase inhibitors of non-natural product origin. Chem Rev 2002; 102:515-53. [PMID: 11841253 DOI: 10.1021/cr000433k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinni H Lillelund
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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19
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Mark BL, Vocadlo DJ, Zhao D, Knapp S, Withers SG, James MN. Biochemical and structural assessment of the 1-N-azasugar GalNAc-isofagomine as a potent family 20 beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:42131-7. [PMID: 11522797 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m107154200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Azasugar inhibitors of the isofagomine class are potent competitive inhibitors of configuration-retaining beta-glycosidases. This potency results from the formation of a strong electrostatic interaction between a protonated endocyclic nitrogen at the "anomeric" center of the inhibitor and the catalytic nucleophile of the enzyme. Although the majority of retaining beta-glycosidases use a mechanism involving a carboxylate residue as a nucleophile, Streptomyces plicatus beta-N-acetylhexos-aminidase (SpHEX) and related family 20 glycosidases lack such a catalytic residue and use instead the carbonyl oxygen of the 2-acetamido group of the substrate as a nucleophile to "attack" the anomeric center. Thus, a strong electrostatic interaction between the inhibitor and enzyme is not expected to occur; nonetheless, the 1-N-azasugar (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-acetamido-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-piperidinium hydrochloride (GalNAc-isofagomine.HCl), which was synthesized and assayed for its ability to inhibit SpHEX, was found to be a potent competitive inhibitor of the enzyme (K(i) = 2.7 microm). A crystallographic complex of GalNAc-isofagomine bound to SpHEX was solved and refined to 1.75 A and revealed that the lack of a strong electrostatic interaction between the "anomeric" center of GalNAc-isofagomine and SpHEX is compensated for by a novel 2.8-A hydrogen bond formed between the equatorial proton of the endocyclic nitrogen of the azasugar ring and the carboxylate of the general acid-base residue Glu-314 of SpHEX. This interaction appears to contribute to the unexpected potency of GalNAc-isofagomine toward SpHEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Mark
- Department of Biochemistry, Canadian Institutes of Heath Research Group in Protein Structure and Function, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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20
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Saotome C, Wong CH, Kanie O. Combinatorial library of five-membered iminocyclitol and the inhibitory activities against glyco-enzymes. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2001; 8:1061-70. [PMID: 11731297 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(01)00074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligosaccharide processing enzymes are important classes of catalysts involved in synthesizing specific oligosaccharide structures on proteins and sphingolipids. Development of specific inhibitors of such enzymes is of current interest as these inhibitors may be used to control cellular functions. Five-membered iminocyclitols have been shown to be potent inhibitors of such enzymes. Since a rational design and synthesis of inhibitors is often extremely difficult due to the limited information regarding the structure of the active site, we carried out a combinatorial library approach. RESULTS To create diversity, we decided to use an aldehyde group of a protected iminocyclitol for reductive amination and the Strecker reaction. After transformation of the nitrile group introduced by the Strecker reaction into an amine and amide and complete deprotection, a small library of five-membered iminocyclitols consisting of 27 compounds was synthesized. A series of compounds obtained by reductive amination was first screened as potential inhibitors of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. Among them, compounds carrying a C(10)-alkyl group showed marked enhancement of inhibitory activity against alpha-mannosidase at 10 microM concentration when compared with its parent compound and deoxymannojirimycin. Furthermore, compounds having the phenylethyl group showed an extremely strong inhibitory effect against alpha-galactosaminidase at a K(i) value of 29.4 nM. Compounds with an aminomethyl and amide group at the C-1' position of these two molecules showed a decrease in inhibitory activities. CONCLUSIONS A combinatorial approach based on five-membered iminocyclitols with a galacto-configuration was exploited. The potential usefulness of the library as a source of inhibitors of glycoenzymes is clearly shown in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Saotome
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Science (MITILS), Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Shitara E, Nishimura Y, Nerome K, Hiramoto Y, Takeuchi T. Synthesis of 6-acetamido-5-amino- and -5-guanidino-3, 4-dehydro-N-(2-ethylbutyryl)- 3-piperidinecarboxylic acids related to zanamivir and oseltamivir, inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidases. Org Lett 2000; 2:3837-40. [PMID: 11101432 DOI: 10.1021/ol000261d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] 6-Acetamido-5-amino- and -5-guanidino-3, 4-dehydro-N-(2-ethylbutyryl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acids (8 and 9) have been synthesized starting from natural siastatin B, a bacterial neuraminidase inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces culture in a stereospecific fashion. These compounds are related to zanamivir and oseltamivir, inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shitara
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
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22
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Nishimura Y, Adachi H, Satoh T, Shitara E, Nakamura H, Kojima F, Takeuchi T. All eight stereoisomeric D-glyconic-delta-lactams: synthesis, conformational analysis, and evaluation as glycosidase inhibitors. J Org Chem 2000; 65:4871-82. [PMID: 10956466 DOI: 10.1021/jo000141j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and general synthetic route to all eight stereoisomeric D-glycono-delta-lactams has been developed. The strategy involves, as a key step, a stereodivergent delta-lactam formation with configurational retention or inversion at C-4 of a starting gamma-lactone to lead to two epimers of delta-lactam from one parent gamma-lactone. Conformations of eight glycono-delta-lactams were examined by X-ray crystallographic analysis and molecular modeling. Analyses of conformation and glycosidase-inhibition provide useful information for the design of new glycosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishimura
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
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Shitara E, Nishimura Y, Kojima F, Takeuchi T. gem-diamine 1-N-iminosugars of L-fucose-type, the extremely potent L-fucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:343-52. [PMID: 10722157 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An efficient route from D-ribono-gamma-lactone to gem-diamine 1-N-iminosugars of L-fucose-type, a new family of glycosidase inhibitor, has been developed in a formation of a gem-diamine 1-N-iminopyranose ring by the Mitsunobu reaction of an aminal as a key step. The analogues were proved to be the extremely potent inhibitors against alpha-L-fucosidase (IC50 approximately 3 ng mL(-1), Ki approximately 5 x 10(-9) M). The present study has shown that a cyclic methanediamine generated in media affects glycosidases as a real active-form of the gem-diamine 1-N-iminosugars of L-fucose-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shitara
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Shitara E, Nishimura Y, Kojima F, Takeuchi T. A facile synthesis of D-glucose-type gem-diamine 1-N-iminosugars: a new family of glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:1241-6. [PMID: 10428397 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
gem-Diamine 1-N iminosugars of D-glucose-type, a new type of glycosidase inhibitors, have been synthesized from siastatin B, isolated from Streptomyces culture. 2-Trifluoroacetamido-1-N-iminosugar, (2S,3R,4R,5R)-2-trifluoroacetamido-5-hydroxymethylpiperidine -3,4-diol was proved to be a potent inhibitor for alpha-D- and beta-D-glucosidases (IC50 1.9x10(-7) and 4.2x10(-7) M, respectively). 2-Acetamido-1-N-iminosugar, (2S,3R,4R,5R)-2-acetamido-5-hydroxymethylpiperidine-3,4-diol also affected these enzymes (IC50 2.9x10(-6) and 5.4x10(-6) M, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shitara
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
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