1
|
Carobeli LR, Santos ABC, Martins LBM, Damke E, Consolaro MEL. Recent advances in photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy for cervical cancer: a systematic review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:263-282. [PMID: 38549400 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2337259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the evidence that photodynamic therapy (PDT) associated with chemotherapy presents great potential to overcome the limitations of monotherapy, little is known about the current status of this combination against cervical cancer. This systematic review aimed to address the currently available advances in combining PDT and chemotherapy in different research models and clinical trials of cervical cancer. METHODS We conducted a systematic review based on PRISMA Statement and Open Science Framework review protocol using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, and Cochrane databases. We selected original articles focusing on 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms' and 'Photochemotherapy and Chemotherapy' published in the last 10 years. The risk of bias in the studies was assessed using the CONSORT and SYRCLE tools. RESULTS Twenty-three original articles were included, focusing on HeLa cells, derived from endocervical adenocarcinoma and on combinations of several chemotherapeutics. Most of the combinations used modern drug delivery systems for improved simultaneous delivery and presented promising results with increased cytotoxicity compared to monotherapy. CONCLUSION Despite the scarcity of animal studies and the absence of clinical studies, the combination of chemotherapy with PDT presents a potential option for cervical cancer therapy requiring additional studies. OSF REGISTRATION https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WPHN5 [Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucimara Rodrigues Carobeli
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Camillo Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson Damke
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gu L, Yan W, Yue X, Zhong H, Wang D. Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of protoporphyrin IX in the estuarine-coastal ecosystems. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106297. [PMID: 38096713 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), a key precursor for the synthesis of chlorophyll and heme, is fundamental to photosynthetic eukaryotic cells and participates in light absorption, energy transduction, and numerous other cellular metabolic activities. Along with the application of genetic and biochemical techniques over the past few years, our understanding of the formation of PPIX has been largely advanced, especially regarding possible metabolic pathways. However, the ecological role and function of PPIX in natural ecosystems remains unclear. We have previously established a method for quantifying PPIX in marine ecosystems. Here, our results provide evidence that PPIX is not only subtly linked to nutrient uptake but also triggers phytoplankton productivity. PPIX and its derivatives are dynamic spatiotemporally in direct response to increased nutrient availability. Using 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, PPIX was revealed to interact strongly with many microorganisms, indicating that PPIX serves as a critical metabolite in maintaining microbial metabolism and community development. In summary, we observed that PPIX is linearly related to nutrient availability and microbial diversity. The levels of microbial PPIX reflect ecological health, and the availability of PPIX and nutrients jointly affect microbial community composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lide Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wanli Yan
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinli Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haowen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Deli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Holoubek J, Salát J, Kotouček J, Kastl T, Vancová M, Huvarová I, Bednář P, Bednářová K, Růžek D, Renčiuk D, Eyer L. Antiviral activity of porphyrins and porphyrin-like compounds against tick-borne encephalitis virus: Blockage of the viral entry/fusion machinery by photosensitization-mediated destruction of the viral envelope. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105767. [PMID: 38040199 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), is a medically important flavivirus endemic to the European-Asian continent. Although more than 12,000 clinical cases are reported annually worldwide, there is no anti-TBEV therapy available to treat patients with TBE. Porphyrins are macrocyclic molecules consisting of a planar tetrapyrrolic ring that can coordinate a metal cation. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and anti-TBEV activity of a large series of alkyl- or (het)aryl-substituted porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and chlorins and characterized their molecular interactions with the viral envelope in detail. Our structure-activity relationship study showed that the tetrapyrrole ring is an essential structural element for anti-TBEV activity, but that the presence of different structurally distinct side chains with different lengths, charges, and rigidity or metal cation coordination can significantly alter the antiviral potency of porphyrin scaffolds. Porphyrins were demonstrated to interact with the TBEV lipid membrane and envelope protein E, disrupt the TBEV envelope and inhibit the TBEV entry/fusion machinery. The crucial mechanism of the anti-TBEV activity of porphyrins is based on photosensitization and the formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen. In addition to blocking viral entry and fusion, porphyrins were also observed to interact with RNA oligonucleotides derived from TBEV genomic RNA, indicating that these compounds could target multiple viral/cellular structures. Furthermore, immunization of mice with porphyrin-inactivated TBEV resulted in the formation of TBEV-neutralizing antibodies and protected the mice from TBEV infection. Porphyrins can thus be used to inactivate TBEV while retaining the immunogenic properties of the virus and could be useful for producing new inactivated TBEV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Holoubek
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Salát
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotouček
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kastl
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vancová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Huvarová
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bednář
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Bednářová
- Department of Biophysics of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Renčiuk
- Department of Biophysics of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Eyer
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Taubenschmid-Stowers J, Orthofer M, Laemmerer A, Krauditsch C, Rózsová M, Studer C, Lötsch D, Gojo J, Gabler L, Dyczynski M, Efferth T, Hagelkruys A, Widhalm G, Peyrl A, Spiegl-Kreinecker S, Hoepfner D, Bian S, Berger W, Knoblich JA, Elling U, Horn M, Penninger JM. A whole-genome scan for Artemisinin cytotoxicity reveals a novel therapy for human brain tumors. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16959. [PMID: 36740985 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural compound Artemisinin is the most widely used antimalarial drug worldwide. Based on its cytotoxicity, it is also used for anticancer therapy. Artemisinin and its derivates are endoperoxides that damage proteins in eukaryotic cells; their definite mechanism of action and host cell targets, however, have remained largely elusive. Using yeast and haploid stem cell screening, we demonstrate that a single cellular pathway, namely porphyrin (heme) biosynthesis, is required for the cytotoxicity of Artemisinins. Genetic or pharmacological modulation of porphyrin production is sufficient to alter its cytotoxicity in eukaryotic cells. Using multiple model systems of human brain tumor development, such as cerebral glioblastoma organoids, and patient-derived tumor spheroids, we sensitize cancer cells to dihydroartemisinin using the clinically approved porphyrin enhancer and surgical fluorescence marker 5-aminolevulinic acid, 5-ALA. A combination treatment of Artemisinins and 5-ALA markedly and specifically killed brain tumor cells in all model systems tested, including orthotopic patient-derived xenografts in vivo. These data uncover the critical molecular pathway for Artemisinin cytotoxicity and a sensitization strategy to treat different brain tumors, including drug-resistant human glioblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Taubenschmid-Stowers
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anna Laemmerer
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Krauditsch
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Daniela Lötsch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Gojo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Gabler
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Widhalm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Peyrl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Spiegl-Kreinecker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Shan Bian
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Elling
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sirks MJ, van Dijk EHC, Rosenberg N, Hollak CEM, Aslanis S, Cheung CMG, Chowers I, Eandi CM, Freund KB, Holz FG, Kaiser PK, Lotery AJ, Ohno-Matsui K, Querques G, Subhi Y, Tadayoni R, Wykoff CC, Zur D, Diederen RMH, Boon CJF, Schlingemann RO. Clinical impact of the worldwide shortage of verteporfin (Visudyne®) on ophthalmic care. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e1522-e1532. [PMID: 35388619 PMCID: PMC9790583 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since July 2021, a worldwide shortage of verteporfin (Visudyne®) occurred: an essential medicine required for photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT with verteporfin has a broad range of indications in ophthalmology, including chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and choroidal haemangioma. For these disorders, PDT is either the first-choice treatment or regarded as a major treatment option. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire was sent to key opinion leaders in the field of medical retina throughout the world, to assess the role of PDT in their country and the effects of the shortage of verteporfin. In addition, information on the application of alternative treatments during shortage of verteporfin was obtained, to further assess the impact of the shortage. RESULTS Our questionnaire indicated that the shortage of verteporfin had a major impact on ophthalmic care worldwide and was regarded to be a serious problem by most of our respondents. However, even though there is ample evidence to support the use of PDT in several chorioretinal diseases, we found notable differences in its use in normal patient care throughout the world. Various alternative management strategies were noted during the verteporfin shortage, including lowering the dose of verteporfin per patient, the use of alternative treatment strategies and the use of a centralized system for allocating the remaining ampoules of verteporfin in some countries. CONCLUSION The shortage of verteporfin has had a large effect on the care of ophthalmic patients across the world and may have resulted in significant and irreversible vision loss. Mitigation strategies should be developed in consultation with all stakeholders to avoid future medication shortages of verteporfin and other unique ophthalmic medications. These strategies may include mandatory stock keeping, compulsory licensing to an alternative manufacturer or incentivizing the development of competition, for example through novel public-private partnerships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Sirks
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elon H C van Dijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Noa Rosenberg
- Medicine for Society, Platform at Amsterdam University Medical Centres - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla E M Hollak
- Medicine for Society, Platform at Amsterdam University Medical Centres - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Sphinx, Amsterdam Lysosome Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Itay Chowers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chiara M Eandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - K Bailey Freund
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Lotery
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Giuseppe Querques
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Yousif Subhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ramin Tadayoni
- University of Paris, Paris, France.,Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Charles C Wykoff
- Retina Consultants of Texas, Retina Consultants of America, Houston, Texas, USA.,Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dinah Zur
- Ophthalmology Division, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roselie M H Diederen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fontanellas A, Avila MA. Hydroxymethylbilane synthase (aka porphobilinogen deaminase): A novel metabolic tumor suppressor gene in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2022; 77:912-914. [PMID: 35798130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fontanellas
- Program of Hepatology, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERehd, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Matías A Avila
- Program of Hepatology, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERehd, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
5 ALA Is a Potent Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor But Not a Substrate: Implications for Cell Glycolysis and New Avenues in 5 ALA-Mediated Anticancer Action. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164003. [PMID: 36010996 PMCID: PMC9406570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the present work, we found that 5-ALA, a natural precursor of heme, can hinder cell glycolysis, which is the main path of energy production for most cancer cells. More specifically, we found that 5-ALA can block an enzyme involved in glycolysis, called lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). We found that 5-ALA has a potency of LDH inhibition comparable to other established LDH inhibitors, such as oxamate or tartronic acid. Nevertheless, 5-ALA has a high accumulation rate in cancers and specifically in the incurable brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which is an important advantage. In fact, because of its high specificity to GBM, 5-ALA is used in the clinic to accurately guide the resection of the tumours, through the light emission of its photoactive product protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). PpIX is the penultimate step in the heme production. Importantly, we show here that continuous administration of 5-ALA killed GBM cells according to their dependence on glycolysis. We additionally found that 20% of externally administered 5-ALA is engaged in the inhibition of LDH, as when LDH was pre-loaded by another inhibitor, tartronic acid, then the cell production of PpIX from 5-ALA was increased by 20%. Since PpIX is an important drug for photodynamic therapy of cancer (excitation by light of PpIX produces oxygen by-products that can kill cancer cells), we additionally discovered that preloading LDH with its inhibitor tartronic acid before performing 5-ALA PDT increases the cancer cell death by 15%. Abstract In a course of metabolic experiments, we determined that the addition of δ-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) to a panel of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells caused a steep reduction in their glycolytic activity. This reduction was accompanied by a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production from glycolysis. These results suggested that 5-ALA is an inhibitor of glycolysis; due to the structural similarity of 5-ALA to the established lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitors oxamate (OXM) and tartronate (TART), we initially investigated LDH inhibition by 5-ALA in silico. The modelling revealed that 5-ALA could indeed be a competitive inhibitor of LDH but not a substrate. These theoretical findings were corroborated by enzymatic and cell lysate assays in which 5-ALA was found to confer a potent LDH inhibition comparable to that of OXM and TART. We subsequently evaluated the effect of 5-ALA-induced glycolysis inhibition on the viability of GBM cells with diverse metabolic phenotypes. In the Warburg-type cell lines Ln18 and U87, incubation with 5-ALA elicited profound and irreversible cell death (90–98%) at 10 mM after merely 24 h. In T98G, however, which exhibited both high respiratory and glycolytic rates, LD95 was achieved after 72 h of incubation with 20 mM 5-ALA. We additionally examined the production of the 5-ALA photosensitive metadrug protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), with and without prior LDH inhibition by TART. These studies revealed that ~20% of the 5-ALA taken up by the cells was engaged in LDH inhibition. We subsequently performed 5-ALA photodynamic therapy (PDT) on Ln18 GBM cells, again with and without prior LDH inhibition with TART, and found a PDT outcome enhancement of ~15% upon LDH pre-inhibition. We expect our findings to have a profound impact on contemporary oncology, particularly for the treatment of otherwise incurable brain cancers such as GBM, where the specific accumulation of 5-ALA is very high compared to the surrounding normal tissue.
Collapse
|
8
|
Novel porphyrin-containing hydrogels obtained by frontal polymerization: Synthesis, characterization and optical properties. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
As surgical cases become more complex, intraoperative imaging is increasingly being used. This article discusses emerging imaging technologies used in prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer surgery, including ultrasound, fluorescence-based, and enhanced endoscopy techniques including their strengths and limitations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sobhani N, Samadani AA. Implications of photodynamic cancer therapy: an overview of PDT mechanisms basically and practically. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:34. [PMID: 34778919 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor eradication is one of the most important challengeable categories in oncological studies. In this account, besides the molecular genetics methods including cell therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and general cancer therapy procedures like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, photodynamic adjuvant therapy is of great importance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a relatively noninvasive therapeutic method utilizes the irradiation of an appropriate wavelength which is absorbed by a photosensitizing agent in the presence of oxygen. In this procedure, a series of events lead to the direct death of malignant cells such as damage to the microvasculature and also the induction of a local inflammatory function. PDT has participated with other treatment modalities especially in the early stage of malignant tumors and has resulted in decreasing morbidity besides improving survival rate and quality of life. High spatial resolution of PDT has attracted considerable attention in the field of image-guided photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy of multidrug resistance cancers. Although PDT outcomes vary across the different tumor types, minimal natural tissue toxicity, minor systemic effects, significant reduction in long-term disease, lack of innate or acquired resistance mechanisms, and excellent cosmetic effects, as well as limb function, make it a valuable treatment option for combination therapies. SHORT CONCLUSION In this review article, we tried to discuss the potential of PDT in the treatment of some dermatologic and solid tumors, particularly all its important mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Sobhani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. .,Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lyu Z, Jiang H, Xiao F, Rong J, Zhang T, Wandell B, Farrell J. Simulations of fluorescence imaging in the oral cavity. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4276-4292. [PMID: 34457414 PMCID: PMC8367257 DOI: 10.1364/boe.429995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe an end-to-end image systems simulation that models a device capable of measuring fluorescence in the oral cavity. Our software includes a 3D model of the oral cavity and excitation-emission matrices of endogenous fluorophores that predict the spectral radiance of oral mucosal tissue. The predicted radiance is transformed by a model of the optics and image sensor to generate expected sensor image values. We compare simulated and real camera data from tongues in healthy individuals and show that the camera sensor chromaticity values can be used to quantify the fluorescence from porphyrins relative to the bulk fluorescence from multiple fluorophores (elastin, NADH, FAD, and collagen). Validation of the simulations supports the use of soft-prototyping in guiding system design for fluorescence imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lyu
- Stanford Center for Image Systems Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Feng Xiao
- Fengyun Vision Technologies, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jian Rong
- Fengyun Vision Technologies, Beijing 100080, China
| | | | - Brian Wandell
- Stanford Center for Image Systems Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Psychology Department, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joyce Farrell
- Stanford Center for Image Systems Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Two photon excited fluorescence and hyper Rayleigh scattering of Protoporphyrin IX. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
13
|
Sundaram P, Abrahamse H. Phototherapy Combined with Carbon Nanomaterials (1D and 2D) and their Applications in Cancer Therapy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4830. [PMID: 33126750 PMCID: PMC7663006 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based materials have attracted research interest worldwide due to their physical and chemical properties and wide surface area, rendering them excellent carrier molecules. They are widely used in biological applications like antimicrobial activity, cancer diagnosis, bio-imaging, targeting, drug delivery, biosensors, tissue engineering, dental care, and skin care. Carbon-based nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and graphene have drawn more attention in the field of phototherapy due to their unique properties such as thermal conductivity, large surface area, and electrical properties. Phototherapy is a promising next-generation therapeutic modality for many modern medical conditions that include cancer diagnosis, targeting, and treatment. Phototherapy involves the major administration of photosensitizers (PSs), which absorb light sources and emit reactive oxygen species under cellular environments. Several types of nontoxic PSs are functionalized on carbon-based nanomaterials and have numerous advantages in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the potential role and combined effect of phototherapy and carbon nanomaterials, the mechanism and functionalization of PSs on nanomaterials, and their promising advantages in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hansda S, Ghosh G, Ghosh R. 9-phenyl acridine photosensitizes A375 cells to UVA radiation. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04733. [PMID: 32944667 PMCID: PMC7481570 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acridines are an important class of bioactive molecules having varied uses. Its derivative, 9-phenylacridine (ACPH) had been found to exhibit antitumor activity both in cell lines and in vivo model. Its DNA binding ability and absorbance in the ultraviolet range encouraged us to investigate its role as a photosensitizer with UVA radiation. We investigated the effects of ACPH prior to UVA exposure on in vitro DNA through photo-cleavage assay. Effect of such treatment was also studied in cultured A375 melanoma cells. Endpoints studied included morphological changes, evaluation of cellular viability, scratch assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) level, autophagy, cell cycle progression, depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmt), induction of apoptosis and Hoechst dye efflux assay. Our findings indicated that ACPH could sensitize damage to DNA induced by UVA both in vitro and in cells. It could also potentiate cell killing by UVA. It arrested cells in G2/M phase and induced apoptotic death through mitochondria mediated pathway. This sensitization was through enhancement of intracellular ROS. Our findings also indicated that the stem cells side population was reduced on such treatment. The findings are important as it indicates ACPH as a promising photosensitizer and indicates its possible role in photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Hansda
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Gargi Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morita M, Tanaka H, Kumamoto Y, Nakamura A, Harada Y, Ogata T, Sakaguchi K, Taguchi T, Takamatsu T. Fluorescence-based discrimination of breast cancer cells by direct exposure to 5-aminolevulinic acid. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5524-5533. [PMID: 31385432 PMCID: PMC6746108 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protoporphyrin IX‐fluorescence measurement is a powerful in situ approach for cancer detection after oral/topical administration of 5‐aminolevulinic acid. However, this approach has not been clinically established for breast cancer, probably due to insufficient delivery of 5‐aminolevulinic acid to the mammary glands. In the present study, we directly exposed breast cancer cells to 5‐aminolevulinic acid to assess their discrimination via protoporphyrin IX‐fluorescence. Fluorescence intensity (FI) was measured in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 and breast epithelial cell line MCF10A by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. After 5‐aminolevulinic acid exposure for 2 hours, protoporphyrin IX‐FI in MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells significantly increased with marked cell‐to‐cell variability, whereas that in MCF10A cells increased moderately. Combined exposure of the cancer cells to 5‐aminolevulinic acid and Ko143, a specific inhibitor of ATP‐binding cassette transporter G2, further increased protoporphyrin IX‐FI and alleviated the cell‐to‐cell variability in MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, indicating improvement in the reproducibility and accuracy for fluorescence‐based cancer detection. The increased FI by combined administration of these two drugs was also demonstrated in cells obtained via fine needle aspiration from mouse xenograft models inoculated with MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Furthermore, a cutoff value for increased protoporphyrin IX‐FI ratio, before and after exposure to these drugs, clearly discriminated between cancer and noncancer cells. Taken together, direct exposure to 5‐aminolevulinic acid and Ko143 may be a promising strategy for efficient fluorescence‐based detection of breast cancer cells ex vivo using fine needle aspiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Midori Morita
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kumamoto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taguchi
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takamatsu
- Department of Medical Photonics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
X-ray induced photodynamic therapy with copper-cysteamine nanoparticles in mice tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16823-16828. [PMID: 31371494 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900502116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a treatment that uses a photosensitizer, molecular oxygen, and light to kill target cells, is a promising cancer treatment method. However, a limitation of PDT is its dependence on light that is not highly penetrating, precluding the treatment of tumors located deep in the body. Copper-cysteamine nanoparticles are a new type of photosensitizer that can generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen molecules upon activation by X-rays. In this paper, we report on the use of copper-cysteamine nanoparticles, designed to be targeted to tumors, for X-ray-induced PDT. In an in vivo study, results show a statistically significant reduction in tumor size under X-ray activation of pH-low insertion peptide-conjugated, copper-cysteamine nanoparticles in mouse tumors. This work confirms the effectiveness of copper-cysteamine nanoparticles as a photosensitizer when activated by radiation and suggests that these Cu-Cy nanoparticles may be good candidates for PDT in deeply seated tumors when combined with X-rays and conjugated to a tumor-targeting molecule.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Amin Doustvandi M, Mohammadnejad F, Kamari F, Gjerstorff MF, Baradaran B, Hamblin MR. Photodynamic therapy for cancer: Role of natural products. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:395-404. [PMID: 31063860 PMCID: PMC6579671 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising modality for the treatment of cancer. PDT involves administering a photosensitizing dye, i.e. photosensitizer, that selectively accumulates in tumors, and shining a light source on the lesion with a wavelength matching the absorption spectrum of the photosensitizer, that exerts a cytotoxic effect after excitation. The reactive oxygen species produced during PDT are responsible for the oxidation of biomolecules, which in turn cause cell death and the necrosis of malignant tissue. PDT is a multi-factorial process that generally involves apoptotic death of the tumor cells, degeneration of the tumor vasculature, stimulation of anti-tumor immune response, and induction of inflammatory reactions in the illuminated lesion. Numerous compounds with photosensitizing activity have been introduced commercially. Although many papers have been published with regard to PDT in the last decade, there has been relatively little focus on natural medicinal plant extracts and compounds derived therefrom. Herbal plants and their extracts are natural substances, and in comparison with synthetic chemicals are considered "green". This review focuses on the different mechanisms of PDT and discusses the role of various plant extracts and natural compounds either alone or in combination for carrying out PDT on different types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Farzin Kamari
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morten F Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Uthoff RD, Song B, Sunny S, Patrick S, Suresh A, Kolur T, Keerthi G, Spires O, Anbarani A, Wilder-Smith P, Kuriakose MA, Birur P, Liang R. Point-of-care, smartphone-based, dual-modality, dual-view, oral cancer screening device with neural network classification for low-resource communities. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207493. [PMID: 30517120 PMCID: PMC6281283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a growing health issue in a number of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), particularly in South and Southeast Asia. The described dual-modality, dual-view, point-of-care oral cancer screening device, developed for high-risk populations in remote regions with limited infrastructure, implements autofluorescence imaging (AFI) and white light imaging (WLI) on a smartphone platform, enabling early detection of pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions in the oral cavity with the potential to reduce morbidity, mortality, and overall healthcare costs. Using a custom Android application, this device synchronizes external light-emitting diode (LED) illumination and image capture for AFI and WLI. Data is uploaded to a cloud server for diagnosis by a remote specialist through a web app, with the ability to transmit triage instructions back to the device and patient. Finally, with the on-site specialist's diagnosis as the gold-standard, the remote specialist and a convolutional neural network (CNN) were able to classify 170 image pairs into 'suspicious' and 'not suspicious' with sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values ranging from 81.25% to 94.94%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Uthoff
- College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RDU); (BS); (RL)
| | - Bofan Song
- College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RDU); (BS); (RL)
| | - Sumsum Sunny
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Bangalore, India
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Amritha Suresh
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Bangalore, India
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | | | - G. Keerthi
- KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Oliver Spires
- College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Afarin Anbarani
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Petra Wilder-Smith
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Moni Abraham Kuriakose
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Bangalore, India
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Praveen Birur
- Biocon Foundation, Bangalore, India
- KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rongguang Liang
- College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RDU); (BS); (RL)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pradère B, Poulon F, Compérat E, Lucas IT, Bazin D, Doizi S, Cussenot O, Traxer O, Abi Haidar D. Two-photon optical imaging, spectral and fluorescence lifetime analysis to discriminate urothelial carcinoma grades. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800065. [PMID: 29806125 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of urologic oncology, mini-invasive procedures have increased in the last few decades particularly for urothelial carcinoma. One of the essential elements in the management of this disease is still the diagnosis, which strongly influences the choice of treatment. The histopathologic evaluation of the tumor grade is a keystone of diagnosis, and tumor characterization is not possible with just a macroscopic evaluation. Even today intraoperative evaluation remains difficult despite the emergence of new technologies which use exogenous fluorophore. This study assessed an optical multimodal technique based on endogenous fluorescence, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, for the diagnostic of urothelial carcinoma. It was found that the combination of two-photon fluorescence, second harmonic generation microscopy, spectral analysis and fluorescence lifetime imaging were all able to discriminate tumor from healthy tissue, and to determine the grade of tumors. Spectral analysis of fluorescence intensity and the redox ratio used as quantitative evaluations showed statistical differences between low-grade and high-grade tumors. These results showed that multimodal optical analysis is a promising technology for the development of an optical fiber setup designed for an intraoperative diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in the area of endo-urology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pradère
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n°20 LITHIASE RENALE, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Poulon
- IMNC Laboratory, UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Eva Compérat
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, HUEP, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Ivan T Lucas
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UMR 8235-CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bazin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud XI, Orsay, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UPMC, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Steeve Doizi
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n°20 LITHIASE RENALE, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n°20 LITHIASE RENALE, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Traxer
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n°20 LITHIASE RENALE, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Darine Abi Haidar
- IMNC Laboratory, UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Baravelli CM, Sandberg S, Aarsand AK, Nilsen RM, Tollånes MC. Acute hepatic porphyria and cancer risk: a nationwide cohort study. J Intern Med 2017; 282:229-240. [PMID: 28730628 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) is considered to be a risk factor for primary liver cancer (PLC), but varying risk estimates have been published. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to investigate the risk of PLC and other cancers in persons with AHP using a nationwide cohort design. Given that greater numbers of women than men tend to have manifest and more severe AHP, a further aim was to investigate sex differences in this risk. METHODS The study sample consisted of all Norwegian residents aged 18 years or older during the period 2000-2011. Persons with AHP (n = 251) were identified through the Norwegian Porphyria Centre, and patients with a cancer diagnosis were identified by linkage to the Cancer Registry of Norway. RESULTS For persons with AHP, the annual incidence rate of PLC was 0.35%. PLC risk was substantially higher for individuals with an AHP diagnosis compared to the reference population [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 108, 95% confidence interval (CI) 56-207]. In a meta-analysis of published studies on PLC and AHP, including ours, women had a higher risk than men. In addition, our results suggested that persons with AHP may have increased risks of kidney (aHR 7.4, 95% CI 2.4-23.1) and endometrial cancers (aHR 6.2, 95% CI 2.0-19.3). CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed a substantially higher risk of PLC associated with AHP compared to the general population. In a meta-analysis, the risk was shown to be greater for women than men. The novel findings of a moderate to substantial association between AHP and kidney and endometrial cancers should be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Baravelli
- Norwegian Porphyria Centre (NAPOS), Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Sandberg
- Norwegian Porphyria Centre (NAPOS), Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (NOKLUS), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - A K Aarsand
- Norwegian Porphyria Centre (NAPOS), Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (NOKLUS), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - R M Nilsen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - M C Tollånes
- Centre for Disease Burden, Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hillemanns P, Wimberger P, Reif J, Stepp H, Klapdor R. Photodynamic diagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid for intraoperative detection of peritoneal metastases of ovarian cancer: A feasibility and dose finding study. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 49:169-176. [PMID: 27859395 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With a prospective feasibility study, we aimed to analyse the effect of different time points for application and dosage of preoperative oral 5-aminolevulinic acid administration for photodynamic diagnosis of peritoneal metastases in ovarian cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective cohort study patients were randomly divided into three different groups. 5-Aminolevulinic acid was orally administered 3-14 hours before surgery using a dosage of 1 mg/kg, 4-9 hours using 10 mg/kg, and 9-16 hours using 10 mg/kg, respectively. Fluorescence was recorded intraoperatively using endoscopic equipment. The number and localization, of fluorescing nodules were documented. To analyze sensitivity and specificity samples from fluorescent and non-fluorescent tissues were evaluated histologically. Plasma protoporphyrin concentrations as well as any adverse events were assessed perioperatively. RESULTS In total, 26 patients suspected for ovarian cancer underwent intraoperative photodynamic diagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid. Most of them suffered from advanced cancer, 72% from FIGO-Stage IIIc. No severe adverse events were observed. Orally applied 5-aminolevulinic acid with a dosage of 1 mg/kg revealed no detectable fluorescence. However, at a dosage of 10 mg/kg fluorescence of metastatic tissue was significantly stronger than of non-affected tissue. If administered 4-9 hours preoperatively best detection rates for peritoneal metastases were obtained resulting in a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic diagnosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid leads to safe and specific fluorescence detection of peritoneal metastases. 5-Aminolevulinic acid should be used at a dosage of at least 10 mg/kg 4-9 hours preoperatively. Further phase I-II studies are recommended. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:169-176, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Reif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Starnberg, Starnberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Stepp
- LIFE-Center, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klapdor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant metabolic disease caused by hepatic deficiency of hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), the third enzyme of the heme synthesis pathway. The dominant clinical feature is acute neurovisceral attack associated with high production of potentially neurotoxic porphyrin precursors due to increased hepatic heme consumption. Current Standard of Care is based on a down-regulation of hepatic heme synthesis using heme therapy. Recurrent hyper-activation of the hepatic heme synthesis pathway affects about 5% of patients and can be associated with neurological and metabolic manifestations and long-term complications including chronic kidney disease and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Prophylactic heme infusion is an effective strategy in some of these patients, but it induces tolerance and its frequent application may be associated with thromboembolic disease and hepatic siderosis. Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only curative treatment in patients with recurrent acute attacks. Emerging therapies including replacement enzyme therapy or gene therapies (HMBS-gene transfer and ALAS1-gene expression inhibition) are being developed to improve quality of life, reduce the significant morbidity associated with current therapies and prevent late complications such as hepatocellular cancer or kidney failure in HMBS mutation carriers with long-standing high production of noxious heme precursors. Herein, we provide a critical digest of the recent literature on the topic and a summary of recently developed approaches to AIP treatment and their clinical implications.
Collapse
|
23
|
Roy BN, Van Vugt DA, Weagle GE, Pottier RH, Reid RL. Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Dose and Estrogen on Protoporphyrin IX Concentrations in the Rat Uterus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155769700400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert L. Reid
- Department of Physiology and the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Song JM, Jagannathan R, Stokes DL, Kasili PM, Panjehpour M, Phan MN, Overholt BF, DeNovo RC, Pan X, Lee RJ, Vo-Dinh T. Development of a Fluorescence Detection System Using Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) Laser Excitation for in Vivo Diagnosis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 2:515-23. [PMID: 14640763 DOI: 10.1177/153303460300200604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the development and applications of a fluorescence detection system using optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser excitation for in vivo disease diagnosis including oral carcinoma are described. The optical diagnosis system was based on an OPO laser for multi-wavelength excitation and time-resolved detection. The pulsed Nd-YAG-pumped OPO laser system (6 ns, 20 Hz) is compact and has a rapid, broad, and uniform tuning range. Time-gated detection of intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) making use of external triggering was used to effectively eliminate the laser scattering and contribute to the highly sensitive in vivo measurements. Artificial tissue-simulating phantoms consisting of polystyrene microspheres and tissue fluorophores were tested to optimize the gating parameters. 51-ns gate width and 39-ns gate delays were determined to be the optimal parameters for sensitive detection. in vivo measurements with the optical diagnosis system were applied to esophagus, stomach, and small intestine using an endoscope in canine animal studies. The rapid tuning capability of the optical diagnosis system contributed greatly to the optimization of wavelength for the observation of porphyrin in the small intestine. When the small intestine was thoroughly washed with water, the emission band which corresponds to porphyrin disappeared. Based on this observation, it was concluded that the detected signal was yielded by porphyrin-containing bile secretion. Also, multispectral analyses using multiple excitations from 415 to 480 nm at 5 nm intervals confirmed the porphyrin detection in the small intestine. The optical diagnosis system was also applied to the detection of human xenograft of oral carcinoma in mice using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) which is a photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug. Significant differences in protoporphyrin IX fluorescence intensity between normal and tumor tissue could be obtained 2 hours after the injection of 5-ALA into mice due to the preferential accumulation of 5-ALA in tumors. Results reported herein demonstrate potential capabilities of the LIF-OPO system for in vivo disease diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Song
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, MS-6101, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6101, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Debele TA, Peng S, Tsai HC. Drug Carrier for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22094-136. [PMID: 26389879 PMCID: PMC4613299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive combinatorial therapeutic modality using light, photosensitizer (PS), and oxygen used for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. When PSs in cells are exposed to specific wavelengths of light, they are transformed from the singlet ground state (S₀) to an excited singlet state (S₁-Sn), followed by intersystem crossing to an excited triplet state (T₁). The energy transferred from T₁ to biological substrates and molecular oxygen, via type I and II reactions, generates reactive oxygen species, (¹O₂, H₂O₂, O₂*, HO*), which causes cellular damage that leads to tumor cell death through necrosis or apoptosis. The solubility, selectivity, and targeting of photosensitizers are important factors that must be considered in PDT. Nano-formulating PSs with organic and inorganic nanoparticles poses as potential strategy to satisfy the requirements of an ideal PDT system. In this review, we summarize several organic and inorganic PS carriers that have been studied to enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Ayane Debele
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 106 Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sydney Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 106 Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schneider-Yin X, van Tuyll van Serooskerken AM, Siegesmund M, Went P, Barman-Aksözen J, Bladergroen RS, Komminoth P, Cloots RHE, Winnepenninckx VJ, zur Hausen A, Weber M, Driessen A, Poblete-Gutiérrez P, Bauer P, Schroeder C, van Geel M, Minder EI, Frank J. Biallelic inactivation of protoporphyrinogen oxidase and hydroxymethylbilane synthase is associated with liver cancer in acute porphyrias. J Hepatol 2015; 62:734-8. [PMID: 25445397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Variegate porphyria (VP) and acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), the two most common types of acute porphyrias (AHPs), result from a partial deficiency of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOX) and hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), respectively. A rare but serious complication in the AHPs is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying pathomechanisms are yet unknown. We performed DNA sequence analysis in cancerous and non-cancerous liver tissue of a VP and an AIP patient, both with HCC. In samples of both cancerous and non-cancerous liver tissues from the patients, we identified the underlying PPOX and HMBS germline mutations, c.1082dupC and p.G111R, respectively. Additionally, we detected a second somatic mutation, only in the cancer tissue i.e., p.L416X in the PPOX gene of the VP patient and p.L220X in the HMBS gene of the AIP patient, both located in trans to the respective germline mutations. Both somatic mutations were not detected in 10 non-porphyria-associated HCCs. Our data demonstrate that in the hepatic cancer tissue of AHP patients, somatic second-hit mutations result in nearly complete inactivation of the enzymes catalyzing major steps in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Both PPOX and HMBS, which might act as tumor suppressors, play a crucial role in the development of HCC in these individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Schneider-Yin
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Swiss Porphyrin Reference Laboratory, Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Moon van Tuyll van Serooskerken
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), The Netherlands; GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), The Netherlands
| | - Marko Siegesmund
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Cancer Center and European Porphyria Specialist Center, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philip Went
- Institute of Pathology Enge, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Barman-Aksözen
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Swiss Porphyrin Reference Laboratory, Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reno S Bladergroen
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), The Netherlands; GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), The Netherlands
| | - Paul Komminoth
- Institute of Pathology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roy H E Cloots
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), The Netherlands
| | | | - Axel zur Hausen
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), The Netherlands
| | - Markus Weber
- Department of Surgery, Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ann Driessen
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Poblete-Gutiérrez
- Department of Dermatology, Annadal Medical Center Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Dermatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg (ZOL) Genk, Belgium
| | - Peter Bauer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michel van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), The Netherlands; GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth I Minder
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Swiss Porphyrin Reference Laboratory, Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), The Netherlands; GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), The Netherlands; Department of Dermatology and Skin Cancer Center and European Porphyria Specialist Center, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Phan AD, Nga DT, Phan TL, Thanh LTM, Anh CT, Bernad S, Viet NA. Theoretical model for optical properties of porphyrin. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:062707. [PMID: 25615129 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.062707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple model to interpret the optical absorption spectra of porphyrin in different solvents. Our model successfully explains the decrease in the intensity of optical absorption at maxima of increased wavelengths. We also prove the dependence of the intensity and peak positions in the absorption spectra on the environment. The nature of the Soret band is supposed to derive from π plasmon. Our theoretical calculations are consistent with previous experimental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh D Phan
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA and Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Do T Nga
- Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - The-Long Phan
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Le T M Thanh
- Faculty of Basic Science, Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, 122 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Chu T Anh
- Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Sophie Bernad
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - N A Viet
- Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bathaie SZ, Ajloo D, Daraie M, Ghadamgahi M. Comparative study of the interaction of meso-tetrakis (N-para-trimethyl-anilium) porphyrin (TMAP) in its free base and Fe derivative form with oligo(dA.dT)15 and oligo(dG.dC)15. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1598-611. [PMID: 25273340 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.963674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between a cationic porphyrin and its ferric derivative with oligo(dA.dT)15 and oligo(dG.dC)15 was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, resonance light scattering (RLS), and circular dichroism (CD) at different ionic strengths; molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were also used for completion. Followings are the observed changes in the spectral properties of meso-tetrakis (N-para-trimethyl-anilium) porphyrin (TMAP), as a free-base porphyrin with no axial ligand, and its Fe derivative (FeTMAP) upon interaction with oligo(dA.dT)15 and oligo(dG.dC)15: (1) the substantial red shift and hypochromicity at the Soret maximum in the UV-vis spectra; (2) the increased RLS intensity by increasing the ionic strength; and (3) an intense bisignate excitonic CD signal. All of them are the reasons for TMAP and FeTMAP binding to oligo(dA.dT)15 and oligo(dG.dC)15 with the outside binding mode, accompanied by the self-stacking of the ligands along the oligonucleotide helix. The CD results demonstrated a drastic change from excitonic in monomeric behavior at higher ionic strengths, which indicates the groove binding of the ligands with oligonucleotides. Molecular docking also confirmed the groove binding mode of the ligands and estimated the binding constants and energies of the interactions. Their interaction trend was further confirmed by molecular dynamics technique and structure parameters obtained from simulation. It showed that TMAP reduced the number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and increased the solvent accessible surface area in the oligonucleotide. The self-aggregation of ligands at lower concentrations was also confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zahra Bathaie
- a Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Tarbiat Modares University , P.O.Box: 14115-111, Tehran , Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lerner SP, Goh A. Novel endoscopic diagnosis for bladder cancer. Cancer 2014; 121:169-78. [PMID: 25132313 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in endoscopic imaging technology may improve sensitivity for the detection of bladder cancer and provide a more complete understanding of the urothelial landscape, and it also may lead to improved short-term and long-term cancer control. Fluorescence cystoscopy requires intravesical administration of a photosensitizing agent (5-aminolevulinic acid or hexaminolevulinate), and imaging with a blue-light endoscopy system demonstrably improves the detection of papillary and flat bladder lesions compared with conventional white-light cystoscopy. Prospective phase 3 clinical trials have demonstrated improved diagnostic ability, enhanced tumor resection, and a small but significant reduction in recurrence-free survival. Optical coherence tomography delineates subsurface microarchitecture information about bladder lesions in real time and has the ability to discriminate between noninvasive and invasive cancers. Narrow-band imaging may augment white-light cystoscopy by providing increased contrast between normal and abnormal tissue on the basis of neovascularity. Confocal laser endoscopy has been applied to the urinary tract using thinner probes adapted from use in gastrointestinal malignancies and provides exquisite images at microscopic resolution. More technology is on the horizon that may further enhance our ability to detect and accurately stage bladder tumors and distinguish benign from malignant or dysplastic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth P Lerner
- Baylor College of Medicine, Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bogoeva V, Petrova L, Ivanov I, Kulina H, Russev G. Interaction of Wheat Germ Agglutinin with Porphyrin Compounds—Potential Anticancer Agents. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2011.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
31
|
Sardh E, Wahlin S, Björnstedt M, Harper P, Andersson DEH. High risk of primary liver cancer in a cohort of 179 patients with Acute Hepatic Porphyria. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:1063-71. [PMID: 23344888 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Previous studies have indicated a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in acute hepatic porphyrias. In this retrospective study we present the incidence of primary liver cancer and clinical characteristics in a cohort of 179 acute porphyria patients above the age of 50 years. METHODS Twenty-three cases with primary liver cancer were found either by a surveillance program or due to clinical suspicion. Standardized rate ratio was used to estimate the relative risk of primary liver cancer after indirect standardization. Survival data were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The mean age at diagnosis was 69 years. Hepatocellular carcinoma was found in 19 patients while four patients had cholangiocarcinoma or a combination of the two. Four patients had underlying cirrhosis. Mean tumour size was 4.3 cm in the surveillance group and 10.3 cm in the non-surveillance group (p = 0.01). The overall relative risk of primary liver cancer was 86 above the age of 50: 150 for women and 37 for men. Mean survival time was 5.7 years. CONCLUSION Acute hepatic porphyria carries a high risk of primary liver cancer above the age of 50 which warrants ultrasound surveillance. Sex distribution and frequency of cirrhosis differs from more common aetiologies of primary liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Sardh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm South Hospital, 11883, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oh IH, Min HS, Li L, Tran TH, Lee YK, Kwon IC, Choi K, Kim K, Huh KM. Cancer cell-specific photoactivity of pheophorbide a-glycol chitosan nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy in tumor-bearing mice. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6454-63. [PMID: 23755832 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We designed a cancer-cell specific photosensitizer nano-carrier by synthesizing pheophorbide a (PheoA) conjugated glycol chitosan (GC) with reducible disulfide bonds (PheoA-ss-GC). The amphiphilic PheoA-ss-GC conjugates self-assembled in aqueous condition to form core-shell structured nanoparticles (PheoA-ss-CNPs) with good colloidal stability and switchable photoactivity. The photoactivity of PheoA-ss-CNPs in an aqueous environment was greatly suppressed by the self-quenching effect, which enabled the PheoA-ss-CNPs to remain photo-inactive and in a quenched state. However, after the cancer cell-specific uptake, the nanoparticular structure instantaneously dissociated by reductive cleavage of the disulfide linkers, followed by an efficient dequenching process. Compared to non-reducible PheoA-conjugated GC-NPs with stable amide linkages (PheoA-CNPs), PheoA-ss-CNPs rapidly restored their photoactivity in response to intracellular reductive conditions, thus presenting higher cytotoxicity with light treatment. In addition, the PheoA-ss-CNPs presented prolonged blood circulation in vivo compared to free PheoA, demonstrating enhanced tumor specific targeting behavior through the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. The enhanced tumor accumulation of PheoA-ss-CNPs enabled tumor therapeutic efficacy that was more efficient than free PheoA in tumor-bearing mice. Based on the enhanced intracellular release for cytosolic high dose and switchable photoactivity mechanism for reduced side effects, these results suggest that PheoA-ss-CNPs have good potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-hyeok Oh
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220, Gung-dong, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dye Sensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. MATERIALS 2013; 6:817-840. [PMID: 28809342 PMCID: PMC5512801 DOI: 10.3390/ma6030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photofrin® was first approved in the 1990s as a sensitizer for use in treating cancer via photodynamic therapy (PDT). Since then a wide variety of dye sensitizers have been developed and a few have been approved for PDT treatment of skin and organ cancers and skin diseases such as acne vulgaris. Porphyrinoid derivatives and precursors have been the most successful in producing requisite singlet oxygen, with Photofrin® still remaining the most efficient sensitizer (quantum yield = 0.89) and having broad food and drug administration (FDA) approval for treatment of multiple cancer types. Other porphyrinoid compounds that have received approval from US FDA and regulatory authorities in other countries include benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A (BPD-MA), meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m-THPC), N-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6), and precursors to endogenous protoporphyrin IX (PpIX): 1,5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), methyl aminolevulinate (MAL), hexaminolevulinate (HAL). Although no non-porphyrin sensitizer has been approved for PDT applications, a small number of anthraquinone, phenothiazine, xanthene, cyanine, and curcuminoid sensitizers are under consideration and some are being evaluated in clinical trials. This review focuses on the nature of PDT, dye sensitizers that have been approved for use in PDT, and compounds that have entered or completed clinical trials as PDT sensitizers.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Non-invasive optical imaging techniques, such as fluorescence imaging (FI) or bioluminescence imaging (BLI) have emerged as important tools in biomedical research. As demonstrated in different animal disease models, they enable visualization of physiological and pathophysiological processes at the cellular and molecular level in vivo with high specificity. Optical techniques are easy to use, fast, and affordable. Furthermore, they are characterized by their high sensitivity. In FI, very low amounts of the imaging agent (nano- to femtomol or even less) can be detected. Due to the absorption and scattering of light in tissue, optical techniques exhibit a comparably low spatial resolution in the millimeter range and a depth limit of a few centimeters. However, non-invasive imaging of biological processes in small animals and in outer or inner surfaces as well as during surgery even in humans is feasible. Currently two agents for fluorescence imaging are clinically approved, namely indocyanine green (ICG) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). In the past years, a number of new optical imaging agents for FI and reporter systems for BLI have been developed and successfully tested in animal models. Some of the FI agents might promise the application in clinical oncology. In this chapter, we describe the basic principles of non-invasive optical imaging techniques, give examples for the visualization of biological processes in animal models of cancer, and discuss potential clinical applications in oncology.
Collapse
|
35
|
Choi S, Lee H, Chae H. Comparison of in vitro photodynamic antimicrobial activity of protoporphyrin IX between endoscopic white light and newly developed narrowband endoscopic light against Helicobacter pylori 26695. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 117:55-60. [PMID: 23079538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori might be readily affected with photodynamic therapy (PDT) by weak wavelengths, because it has few repair genes. Recently, gastrointestinal endoscopy emitting specific wavelengths (narrowband imaging, NBI) has been developed for the early detection of tumors. Coincidentally, its wavelength (415 nm) is very similar to the wavelength (410 nm) that activates protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) as a photosensitizer (PS). Therefore, we studied in vitro PDT against H. pylori using NBI and conventional white light (WL) according to low or high concentration of PpIX along with exposure time. The bactericidal effects, the degree of oxidative DNA damage and membrane integrity of H. pylori after PDT were evaluated. In the control, the numbers of viable cells remained constant during the experiment. Viable cells after PDT using both endoscopic light irradiation, were decreased approximately 10(3) - 10(5) fold at low concentration of PpIX and below 0.80 × 10 at high concentration of PpIX. Only membrane damage after PDT was observed microscopically in H. pylori without DNA injury. Conclusively, either the bactericidal effect in high concentration or the decrease of bacterial loading in low concentration of PpIX, would be expected with PDT using endoscopic light (NBI or WL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SungSook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stewart MF. Review of hepatocellular cancer, hypertension and renal impairment as late complications of acute porphyria and recommendations for patient follow-up. J Clin Pathol 2012; 65:976-80. [PMID: 22851509 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review critically appraises the data emerging from small retrospective and prospective cohort studies suggesting that patients with the autosomal dominant acute porphyrias may be at increased risk of hepatocellular cancer (HCC), hypertension (HT) and renal impairment. The most striking finding is a marked excess risk of HCC in Swedish patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). As Sweden has a relatively high prevalence of AIP due to a founder effect, it is uncertain to what extent the finding is generalisable to other populations or other acute porphyrias and whether early intervention through screening can improve outcomes. As yet there is no evidence for the cost-effectiveness of systematic surveillance for HCC in acute porphyria outside Sweden. Data from several populations also suggest a high prevalence of chronic sustained HT and renal impairment in AIP, but it is uncertain if this represents a true excess risk, in particular for asymptomatic patients. As these long-term complications are important and potentially treatable, a pragmatic recommendation is that symptomatic patients with acute porphyria should be offered specialist long-term follow-up and, for those aged >50 years, annual liver ultrasound may be considered following discussion of the likely risks and benefits. Opportunistic cardiovascular risk assessment can readily be incorporated into a structured annual review so that appropriate drugs safe for use in acute porphyria are prescribed promptly. As these diseases are rare, collaborative international epidemiological studies such as those being coordinated through the European Porphyria Network are essential to inform best clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Felicity Stewart
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK. British and Irish Porphyria Network
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Montazerabadi AR, Sazgarnia A, Bahreyni-Toosi MH, Ahmadi A, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Aledavood A. Mitoxantrone as a prospective photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of breast cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012; 9:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
38
|
Harris F, Pierpoint L. Photodynamic therapy based on 5-aminolevulinic acid and its use as an antimicrobial agent. Med Res Rev 2011; 32:1292-327. [PMID: 21793017 DOI: 10.1002/med.20251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is taken up directly by bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and some parasites, which then induces the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). Subsequent light irradiation of PPIX leads to the inactivation of these organisms via photodamage to their cellular structures. ALA uptake and light irradiation of PPIX produced by host cells leads to the inactivation of other parasites, along with some viruses, via the induction of an immune response. ALA-mediated PPIX production by host cells and light irradiation result in the inactivation of other viruses via either the induction of a host cell response or direct photodynamic attack on viral particles. This ALA-mediated production of light-activated PPIX has been extensively used as a form of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and has shown varying levels of efficacy in treating conditions that are associated with microbial infection, ranging from acne and verrucae to leishmaniasis and onychomycosis. However, for the treatment of some of these conditions by ALA-based PDT, the role of an antimicrobial effect has been disputed and in general, the mechanisms by which the technique inactivates microbes are not well understood. In this study, we review current understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms used by ALA-based PDT and its role in the treatment of microbial infections along with its potential medical and nonmedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Harris
- School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom. fharris1@.ac.uk
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ambre R, Yu CY, Mane SB, Yao CF, Hung CH. Toward carboxylate group functionalized A4, A2B2, A3B oxaporphyrins and zinc complex of oxaporphyrins. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
40
|
Zhang X, Liu Z, Ma L, Hossu M, Chen W. Interaction of porphyrins with CdTe quantum dots. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:195501. [PMID: 21430318 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/19/195501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins may be used as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, photocatalysts for organic pollutant dissociation, agents for medical imaging and diagnostics, applications in luminescence and electronics. The detection of porphyrins is significantly important and here the interaction of protoporphyrin-IX (PPIX) with CdTe quantum dots was studied. It was observed that the luminescence of CdTe quantum dots was quenched dramatically in the presence of PPIX. When CdTe quantum dots were embedded into silica layers, almost no quenching by PPIX was observed. This indicates that PPIX may interact and alter CdTe quantum dots and thus quench their luminescence. The oxidation of the stabilizers such as thioglycolic acid (TGA) as well as the nanoparticles by the singlet oxygen generated from PPIX is most likely responsible for the luminescence quenching. The quenching of quantum dot luminescence by porphyrins may provide a new method for photosensitizer detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Innala E, Andersson C. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in acute intermittent porphyria: a 15-year follow-up in northern Sweden. J Intern Med 2011; 269:538-45. [PMID: 21198994 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefit of screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in gene carriers of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and estimate the annual incidence of HCC in this group. SUBJECTS All AIP gene carriers aged ≥55 years from the northernmost county in Sweden, Norrbotten, were invited for screening in this prospective study every 1-1.5 years during the period 1994-2009. We registered all HCC cases amongst AIP gene carriers in the northern region of Sweden (four counties). We compared gene carriers with repeated screening intervals of <2 years (Group A) with controls (Group B; i.e. gene carriers who had never been screened, those screened for the first time or screened at intervals of >2 years, or dropouts). The screening included radiological examination of the liver and relevant laboratory tests. RESULTS A total of 62 AIP subjects participated in the study, comprising 33% of the total AIP population aged >55 years in the northern region of Sweden. HCC was diagnosed in 22 AIP subjects (12 men and 10 women), mean age 69 (59-82) years. Amongst these subjects, 73% had experienced prior AIP attacks. The incidence rate ratio for HCC was 64 (52 in men and 93 in women). There were no cases of hepatitis B/C or alcohol abuse. Liver cirrhosis was rare. Liver resection could be performed in most subjects in Group A. Fourteen patients died of HCC, one in Group A and 13 in Group B. Compared with those who were not screened regularly, screening was associated with improved 3-year and 5-year survival (P = 0.005 and 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Screening for HCC in carriers of AIP enables early diagnosis and a choice of potentially curative treatments with improved prognosis. We recommend annual screening using liver imaging for AIP gene carriers >50 years of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Innala
- Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Piffaretti F, Santhakumar K, Forte E, van den Bergh HE, Wagnières GA. Optical fiber-based setup for in vivo measurement of the delayed fluorescence lifetime of oxygen sensors. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:037005. [PMID: 21456878 DOI: 10.1117/1.3558846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new optical-fiber-based spectrofluorometer for in vivo or in vitro detection of delayed fluorescence is presented and characterized. This compact setup is designed so that it can be readily adapted for future clinical use. Optical excitation is done with a nitrogen laser-pumped, tunable dye laser, emitting in the UV-vis part of the spectrum. Excitation and luminescence signals are carried to and from the biological tissues under investigation, located out of the setup enclosure, by a single optical fiber. These measurements, as well as measurements performed without a fiber on in vitro samples in a thermostable quartz cell, in a controlled-atmosphere enclosure, are possible due to the efficient collection of the laser-induced luminescence light which is collected and focused on the detector with a high aperture parabolic mirror. The detection is based on a gated photomultiplier which allows for time-resolved measurements of the delayed fluorescence intensity. Thus, relevant luminescence lifetimes, typically in the sub-microsecond-to-millisecond range, can be measured with near total rejection of the sample's prompt fluorescence. The instrument spectral and temporal resolution, as well as its sensitivity, is characterized and measurement examples are presented. The primary application foreseen for this setup is the monitoring and adjustment of the light dose delivered during photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lam CW, Lau KC, Mak CM, Tsang MW, Chan YW. Circulating fluorocytes at the first attack of acute intermittent porphyria: a missing link in the pathogenesis. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:208-12. [PMID: 20850424 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant disorder of the haem biosynthesis resulting from a partial deficiency of hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) with incomplete penetrance. By conventional means, it is able to identify asymptomatic mutation carrier by molecular diagnosis, but one cannot reliably predict an acute porphyric attack. The presence of fluorescent red cells (fluorocytes) in AIP is probably under-recognized since AIP is a hepatic porphyria and not associated with photosensitivity. METHODS We used an automatic image acquisition platform to detect the circulating fluorocytes at 700 nm emission in a diabetic AIP patient during acute attack. We screened the patient and her family members for the mutation on HMBS, urine porphobilinogen and circulating fluorocytes. RESULTS The patient was heterozygous for a disease-causing mutation on HMBS and several bright circulating fluorocytes were detected. We showed evidence that protoporphyrin contributed to the erythrocyte auto-fluorescence. Interestingly, asymptomatic mutation carriers with increased urine porphobilinogen did not have circulating fluorocytes. All mutation-negative family members revealed no circulating fluorocytes. CONCLUSION Sudden decrease in plasma glucose concentration might invoke acute attack of AIP and appearance of circulatory fluorocytes. Potential of detecting fluorocytes as screening test or for predicting an acute attack of AIP in diabetes is worth investigating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wan Lam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ashur I, Goldschmidt R, Pinkas I, Salomon Y, Szewczyk G, Sarna T, Scherz A. Photocatalytic generation of oxygen radicals by the water-soluble bacteriochlorophyll derivative WST11, noncovalently bound to serum albumin. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8027-37. [PMID: 19545111 DOI: 10.1021/jp900580e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Light-induced radical generation is the hallmark of fundamental processes and many applications including photosynthesis and photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this manuscript, we present two novel observations made upon monitoring light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aqueous solutions by WST11, a water-soluble derivative of the photosynthetic pigment Bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchl). Using a host of complementary experimental techniques including time-resolved spectroscopy at the subpicosecond to the millisecond range, ESR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, oximetry, and protein mass spectroscopy, we first show that in aqueous solutions WST11 generates only superoxide (O(2)(-*)) and hydroxyl (OH*) radicals with no detectable traces of singlet oxygen. Second, we show that WST11 makes a noncovalent complex with human serum albumin (HSA) and that this complex functions as a photocatalytic oxidoreductase at biologically relevant concentrations enabling approximately 15 cycles of electron transfer from the associated HSA protein to molecular oxygen in the solution. These findings rule out the paradigm that porphyrin and chlorophyll based PDT is mainly mediated by formation of singlet oxygen, particularly in vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) with sensitizers that undergo photoactivation during circulation in the plasma, like [Pd]-Bacteriopheophorbide (WST09, Tookad). At the same time, our findings open the way for new design paradigms of novel sensitizers, since O(2)(-*) and OH* radicals are well-recognized precursors of important pathophysiological processes that can be activated for achieving tumor eradication. Moreover, the finding that promiscuous protein scaffolds become sinks for holes and electrons when holding light-activated pigments provides a new insight to the evolution and action mechanism of natural light activated oxidoreductases (such as photosynthetic reaction centers) and new guidelines for the preparation of synthetic-light converting machineries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idan Ashur
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rodriguez L, de Bruijn HS, Di Venosa G, Mamone L, Robinson DJ, Juarranz A, Batlle A, Casas A. Porphyrin synthesis from aminolevulinic acid esters in endothelial cells and its role in photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 96:249-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
46
|
Iriti M, Castorina G, Picchi V, Faoro F, Gomarasca S. Acute exposure of the aquatic macrophyte Callitriche obtusangula to the herbicide oxadiazon: the protective role of N-acetylcysteine. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 74:1231-1237. [PMID: 19101011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 10/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the acute exposure of the aquatic macrophyte Callitriche obtusangula to the herbicide oxadiazon (Ronstar). The toxic effects on C. obtusangula were evaluated, 24h after exposure, by assessing visible necrotic leaf lesions and, 12 h after exposure, via analyses of dead cells and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) deposits localized by histocytochemical analysis with Trypan blue and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB), respectively. As a result, we found that 0.1275 microg L(-1) a.i. (active ingredient) oxadiazon was the maximum concentration that produced no observable adverse effects (NOAEC) both at leaf and tissue levels, at any considered exposure time. Additionally, we assayed the protective effect of pre-treatment with 0.25 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a cysteine donor, on the damage caused by the toxic herbicidal dose of 6.37 microg L(-1) a.i to C. obtusangula, correlating the NAC observed protection to the direct H2O2-scavenging and to the enhancement of glutathione parameters. NAC-treated plants showed a fourfold increase in the GSH (reduced glutathione)+GSSG (oxidised glutathione) content (149.2 nmol g(-1) FW) compared to controls (36.1 nmol g(-1) FW); in the NAC+oxadiazon treatments, the GSH+GSSG content was more than fivefold higher (202.1 nmol g(-1) FW). GSH showed a similar trend in NAC and NAC+oxadiazon treatments, being six- (130.0 nmol g(-1) FW) and eightfold (185.0 nmol g(-1) FW) higher, respectively, compared to controls (20.7 nmol g(-1) FW). Accordingly, the GSH/GSSG ratio in NAC- and NAC+oxadiazon-treated plants was significantly increased compared to controls, indicating alleviation of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Iriti
- Istituto di Patologia Vegetale, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Application of new technology in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment. World J Urol 2009; 27:301-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-009-0387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
48
|
Kathiravan A, Anbazhagan V, Asha Jhonsi M, Renganathan R. Interaction of meso-tetrakis (p-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TSPP) with pyrimidines: A steady state and time-resolved fluorescence quenching study. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
49
|
Uribe-Hernández R, Pérez-Zapata AJ, Vega-Barrita ML, Ramón-Gallegos E, Amezcua-Allieri MA. Cell metabolic changes of porphyrins and superoxide anions by anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 26:237-240. [PMID: 21791370 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the induction of protoporphyrins IX (PpIX) activity and superoxide anions (SO) in human leukocytes exposed to anthracene (ANT) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). The leukocyte LC(50)s for both hydrocarbons and the PpIX accumulation and SO overproduction were measured. The LC(50)s were 0.35 and 3.23μM for ANT and B(a)P, respectively. A linear relationship (r=0.97, p<0.01) between PpIX and ANT concentration was obtained. The induced accumulation of PpIX was proportional (r=0.63, p<0.01) to B(a)P concentration. SO overproduction showed a linear relationship (r=0.83, p<0.05) with ANT concentrations. The linear regression analysis of the effect of B(a)P on the superoxide anion overproduction showed a good coefficient (r=0.97, p<0.01), showed that ANT and B(a)P exposure induces PpIX accumulation, probably by disruption of the haem biosynthesis. ANT and B(a)P induce SO overproduction, perhaps through a process of redox cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Uribe-Hernández
- Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Seguridad y Medio Ambiente, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas 152, Colonia San Bartolo Atepehuacan, México, D.F., C.P. 07730, Mexico; Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Depto. Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, México, D.F., C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Moreira LM, Vieira dos Santos F, Lyon JP, Maftoum-Costa M, Pacheco-Soares C, Soares da Silva N. Photodynamic Therapy: Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines as Photosensitizers. Aust J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ch08145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present work is focussed on the principles of photodynamic therapy (PDT), emphasizing the photochemical mechanisms of reactive oxygen species formation and the consequent biochemical processes generated by the action of reactive oxygen species on various biological macromolecules and organelles. This paper also presents some of the most used photosensitizers, including Photofrin, and the new prototypes of photosensitizers, analysing their physicochemical and spectroscopic properties. At this point, the review discusses the therapeutic window of absorption of specific wavelengths involving first- and second-generation photosensitizers, as well as the principal light sources used in PDT. Additionally, the aggregation process, which consists in a phenomenon common to several photosensitizers, is studied. J-aggregates and H-aggregates are discussed, along with their spectroscopic effects. Most photosensitizers have a significant hydrophobic character; thus, the study of the types of aggregation in aqueous solvent is very relevant. Important aspects of the coordination chemistry of metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines used as photosensitizers are also discussed. The state-of-the-art in PDT is evaluated, discussing recent articles in this area. Furthermore, macrocyclic photosensitizers, such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines, are specifically described. The present review is an important contribution, because PDT is one of the most auspicious advances in the therapy against cancer and other non-malignant diseases.
Collapse
|