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Characterisation of the transient mechanical response and the electromyographical activation of lower leg muscles in whole body vibration training. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6232. [PMID: 35422059 PMCID: PMC9010427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterise the transient mechanical response and the neuromuscular activation of lower limb muscles in subjects undergoing Whole Body Vibration (WBV) at different frequencies while holding two static postures, with focus on muscles involved in shaping postural responses. Twenty-five participants underwent WBV at 15, 20, 25 and 30 Hz while in hack squat or on fore feet. Surface electromyography and soft tissue accelerations were collected from Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL), Soleus (SOL) and Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscles. Estimated displacement at muscle bellies revealed a pattern never highlighted before that differed across frequencies and postures (p < 0.001). After stimulation starts, muscle oscillation peaks, drops and further stabilises, suggesting the occurrence of a neuromuscular activation to reduce the vibration-induced oscillation. The oscillation attenuation at the SOL muscle correlated with its increased activation (rho = 0.29, p < 0.001). Furthermore, only specific WBV settings led to a significant increase in muscle contraction: WBV-induced activation of SOL and GL was maximal in fore-feet (p < 0.05) and in response to higher frequencies (30 Hz vs 15 Hz, p < 0.001). The analysis of the mechanical dynamics of lower leg muscles highlights a resonant response to WBVs, that for the SOL correlates to the increased muscle activation. Despite differing across frequencies and postures, this resonant behaviour seems to discourage the use of dynamic exercises on vibrating platforms. As for the most efficient WBV combination, calf muscle response to WBVs is maximised if those muscles are already pre-contracted and the stimulation frequencies are in the 25–30 Hz range.
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Romano M, Fratini A, Gargiulo GD, Cesarelli M, Iuppariello L, Bifulco P. On the Power Spectrum of Motor Unit Action Potential Trains Synchronized With Mechanical Vibration. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2803019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zinner C, Baessler B, Weiss K, Ruf J, Michels G, Holmberg HC, Sperlich B. Effect of resistance training with vibration and compression on the formation of muscle and bone. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:1137-1142. [PMID: 28346701 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we investigated the effects of resistance training with vibration in combination with leg compression to restrict blood flow on strength, muscle oxygenation, muscle mass, and bone formation. METHODS Twelve participants were tested before and after 12 weeks of resistance training with application of vibration (VIBRA; 1-2 mm, 30 Hz) to both legs and compression (∼35 mm Hg, VIBRA+COMP) to only 1 leg. RESULTS VIBRA+COMP and VIBRA improved 1 repetition maximum (1-RM), increased the number of repetitions preceding muscle exhaustion, enhanced cortical bone mass, and lowered the mass and fat fraction in the thigh, with no changes in total muscle mass. The mass of cancellous bone decreased to a similar extent after VIBRA and VIBRA+COMP. DISCUSSION Resistance training with VIBRA+COMP and VIBRA improved 1-RM, increased the number of repetitions preceding muscular exhaustion, and enhanced formation of cortical bone, with no alteration of muscle mass. Muscle Nerve 56: 1137-1142, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zinner
- Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Department of Sport Science, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Baessler
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kilian Weiss
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Philips Healthcare Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmine Ruf
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guido Michels
- Department III of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Department of Sport Science, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
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Lee DK, Ulrich BD. Functioning of peripheral Ia pathways in leg muscles of newly walking toddlers. Hum Mov Sci 2015; 40:193-210. [PMID: 25613011 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monosynaptic and polysynaptic spinal level reflexes in the leg muscles of infants show significant dispersion across muscles, high variability, and no change in response patterns over the first 10 months. Here we tested the hypothesized relation between early walking experience and the tuning of these responses in three primary gait muscles of participants in four subgroups: cruisers (n=7) and toddlers with one (n=5), two (n=5), or three (n=5) months of walking experience. Reflex responses in multiple Ia pathways - tendon reflex (T-reflex), vibration-induced inhibition of the T-reflex (VIM-T-reflex), and tonic vibration-induced reflex (VIR), were elicited by mechanical stimuli applied to the distal tendons of the quadriceps, gastrocnemius-soleus, and tibialis anterior of both legs. Walking skill was assessed via a GAITRite mat. Generally, walking experience seemed to be related to slowly emerging improvements and, depending on muscle tested and pathway, progress was quite varied. Amplitude and latency of reflex responses were more clearly impacted by age or leg length while the ratio or distribution pattern of reflex response among antagonist pairs of muscles was impacted by walking experience and skill. As walking experience increased, the ratio of reflex responses tended to increase for the stimulated and decrease for the antagonist reflex loops with distribution of the pattern shifting gradually toward a single type of reflex response in all tested muscles. The very slow tuning of these reflexes may underlie the many missteps and falls reported to occur during early walking and suggest that subsequent studies should continue to follow the developmental trajectory through the first year of walking experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Kyeong Lee
- Developmental Neuromotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Beverly D Ulrich
- Developmental Neuromotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Piotrkiewicz M, Sebik O, Binboğa E, Młoźniak D, Kuraszkiewicz B, Türker KS. Double discharges in human soleus muscle. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:843. [PMID: 24367319 PMCID: PMC3856367 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Double discharges (doublets) were recorded from human soleus (SOL), where they have never been reported before. The data analyzed in this study were collected from 12 healthy volunteers. The subjects were recruited for other studies, concerning: (1) estimation of motoneurons' (MNs) afterhyperpolarization (AHP) duration and (2) analysis of motor unit responses to nerve stimulation, and were not trained to voluntarily evoke doublets. The majority of intradoublet intervals fell into the commonly accepted range 2-20 ms. However, two SOL MNs from one presented exceptional doublets of intradoublet interval about 37 ms. This interval was virtually identical with the interval between second and third discharge in the few triplets recorded from another subject. It is hypothesized that triplets are generated by the delayed depolarization with the second narrow hump, which is the same as the hump responsible for exceptional doublets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Piotrkiewicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Engineering of Nervous and Muscular System, Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw Poland
| | - Oğuz Sebik
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Erdal Binboğa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ege University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Dariusz Młoźniak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Engineering of Nervous and Muscular System, Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw Poland
| | - Bożenna Kuraszkiewicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Engineering of Nervous and Muscular System, Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw Poland
| | - Kemal S Türker
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul Turkey
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Fratini A, Bifulco P, Romano M, Clemente F, Cesarelli M. Simulation of surface EMG for the analysis of muscle activity during whole body vibratory stimulation. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 113:314-322. [PMID: 24183387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to reproduce the effect of motor-unit synchronization on surface EMG recordings during vibratory stimulation to highlight vibration evoked muscle activity. The authors intended to evaluate, through numerical simulations, the changes in surface EMG spectrum in muscles undergoing whole body vibration stimulation. In some specific bands, in fact, vibration induced motion artifacts are also typically present. In addition, authors meant to compare the simulated EMGs with respect to real recordings in order to discriminate the effect of synchronization of motor units discharges with vibration frequencies from motion artifacts. Computations were performed using a model derived from previous studies and modified to consider the effect of vibratory stimulus, the motor unit synchronization and the endplates-electrodes relative position on the EMG signal. Results revealed that, in particular conditions, synchronization of MUs' discharge generates visible peaks at stimulation frequency and its harmonics. However, only a part of the total power of surface EMGs might be enclosed within artifacts related bands (± 1 Hz centered at the stimulation frequency and its superior harmonics) even in case of strong synchronization of motor units discharges with the vibratory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fratini
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University "Federico II" of Naples, Via Claudio, 21, 80125 Naples, Italy.
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Mettlach G, Polo-Parada L, Peca L, Rubin CT, Plattner F, Bibb JA. Enhancement of neuromuscular dynamics and strength behavior using extremely low magnitude mechanical signals in mice. J Biomech 2013; 47:162-7. [PMID: 24157062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exercise in general, and mechanical signals in particular, help ameliorate the neuromuscular symptoms of aging and possibly other neurodegenerative disorders by enhancing muscle function. To better understand the salutary mechanisms of such physical stimuli, we evaluated the potential for low intensity mechanical signals to promote enhanced muscle dynamics. The effects of daily brief periods of low intensity vibration (LIV) on neuromuscular functions and behavioral correlates were assessed in mice. Physiological analysis revealed that LIV increased isometric force production in semitendinosus skeletal muscle. This effect was evident in both young and old mice. Isometric force recordings also showed that LIV reduced the fatiguing effects of intensive synaptic muscle stimulation. Furthermore, LIV increased evoked neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular synapses but had no effect on spontaneous end plate potential amplitude or frequency. In behavioral studies, LIV increased mouse grip strength and potentiated initial motor activity in a novel environment. These results provide evidence for the efficacy of LIV in producing changes in the neuromuscular system that translate into performance gains at a behavioral scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Mettlach
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luis Polo-Parada
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lauren Peca
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Clinton T Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Florian Plattner
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Sperlich B, Born DP, Swarén M, Kilian Y, Geesmann B, Kohl-Bareis M, Holmberg HC. Is leg compression beneficial for alpine skiers? Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol 2013; 5:18. [PMID: 24004479 PMCID: PMC3846678 DOI: 10.1186/2052-1847-5-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of different levels of compression (0, 20 and 40 mmHg) produced by leg garments on selected psycho-physiological measures of performance while exposed to passive vibration (60 Hz, amplitude 4-6 mm) and performing 3-min of alpine skiing tuck position. METHODS Prior to, during and following the experiment the electromygraphic (EMG) activity of different muscles, cardio-respiratory data, changes in total hemoglobin, tissue oxygenation and oscillatory movement of m. vastus lateralis, blood lactate and perceptual data of 12 highly trained alpine skiers were recorded. Maximal isometric knee extension and flexion strength, balance, and jumping performance were assessed before and after the experiment. RESULTS The knee angle (-10°) and oscillatory movement (-20-25.5%) were lower with compression (P < 0.05 in all cases). The EMG activities of the tibialis anterior (20.2-28.9%), gastrocnemius medialis (4.9-15.1%), rectus femoris (9.6-23.5%), and vastus medialis (13.1-13.7%) muscles were all elevated by compression (P < 0.05 in all cases). Total hemoglobin was maintained during the 3-min period of simulated skiing with 20 or 40 mmHg compression, but the tissue saturation index was lower (P < 0.05) than with no compression. No differences in respiratory parameters, heart rate or blood lactate concentration were observed with or maximal isometric knee extension and flexion strength, balance, and jumping performance following simulated skiing for 3 min in the downhill tuck position were the same as in the absence of compression. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that with leg compression, alpine skiers could maintain a deeper tuck position with less perceived exertion and greater deoxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle, with no differences in whole-body oxygen consumption or blood lactate concentration. These changes occurred without compromising maximal leg strength, jumping performance or balance. Accordingly, our results indicate that the use of lower leg compression in the range of 20-40 mmHg may improve alpine skiing performance by allowing a deeper tuck position and lowering perceived exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Sperlich
- Department of Sport Science, University of Wuppertal, Fuhlrottstraße 10, Wuppertal 42119, Germany.
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Osawa Y, Oguma Y. Effects of Combining Whole-Body Vibration With Exercise on the Consequences of Detraining on Muscle Performance in Untrained Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27:1074-82. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31826520af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fratini A, La Gatta A, Bifulco P, Romano M, Cesarelli M. Muscle motion and EMG activity in vibration treatment. Med Eng Phys 2009; 31:1166-72. [PMID: 19671494 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to highlight the relationship between muscle motion, generated by whole body vibration, and the correspondent electromyographic (EMG) activity and to suggest a new method to customize the stimulation frequency. Simultaneous recordings of EMG and tri-axial accelerations of quadriceps rectus femoris from fifteen subjects undergoing vibration treatments were collected. Vibrations were delivered via a sinusoidal oscillating platform at different frequencies (10-45 Hz). Muscle motion was estimated by processing the accelerometer data. Large EMG motion artifacts were removed using sharp notch filters centred at the vibration frequency and its superior harmonics. EMG-RMS values were computed and analyzed before and after artifact suppression to assess muscular activity. Muscles acceleration amplitude increased with frequency. Muscle displacements revealed a mechanical resonant-like behaviour of the muscle. Resonance frequencies and dumping factors depended on subject. Moreover, RMS of artifact-free EMG was found well correlated (R(2)=0.82) to the actual muscle displacement, while the maximum of the EMG response was found related to the mechanical resonance frequency of muscle. Results showed that maximum muscular activity was found in correspondence to the mechanical resonance of the muscle itself. Assuming the hypothesis that muscle activation is proportional to muscle displacement, treatment optimization (i.e. to choose the best stimulation frequency) could be obtained by simply monitoring local acceleration (resonance), leading to a more effective muscle stimulation. Motion artifact produced an overestimation of muscle activity, therefore its removal was essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fratini
- Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University Federico II of Naples, Via Claudio, 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Fornari MCDS, Kohn AF. High frequency tendon reflexes in the human soleus muscle. Neurosci Lett 2008; 440:193-6. [PMID: 18555607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tendon reflexes have been often used in studies of the human nervous system in health and disease. They have been investigated either in response to single tendon taps or to long duration vibrations. Tendon reflexes are described here in response to a high frequency vibration burst (3 cycles of a 100 Hz sine wave) applied to the Achilles tendon of standing subjects, either in quiet stance or during a forward leaning posture. The electromyogram from the soleus muscle usually showed three components separated by 10 ms which were interpreted as being three reflexes, each reflex induced by each of the three cycles in a burst. This result indicates that soleus tendon reflexes can respond in fast succession in a phasic manner when a brief high frequency vibration is applied to the Achilles tendon. This occurs in spite of possible depression of the Ia to motoneuron synapses and the long after hyperpolarization of the motoneurons. An interpretation of the results is that motoneurons from different subsets of the motoneuron pool respond to different cycles of the sinusoidal vibratory burst.
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Fratini A, Cesarelli M, Bifulco P, Romano M. Relevance of motion artifact in electromyography recordings during vibration treatment. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2008; 19:710-8. [PMID: 18495492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromyography readings (EMGs) from quadriceps of fifteen subjects were recorded during whole body vibration treatment at different frequencies (10-50 Hz). Additional electrodes were placed on the patella to monitor the occurrence of motion artifact, triaxial accelerometers were placed onto quadriceps to monitor motion. Signal spectra revealed sharp peaks corresponding to vibration frequency and its harmonics, in accordance with the accelerometer data. EMG total power was compared to that associated with vibration harmonics narrow bands, before and during vibration. On average, vibration associated power resulted in only 3% (+/-0.9%) of the total power prior to vibration and 29% (+/-13.4%) during vibration. Often, studies employ surface EMG to quantitatively evaluate vibration evoked muscular activity and to set stimulation frequency. However, previous research has not accounted for motion artifacts. The data presented in this study emphasize the need for the removal of motion artifacts, as they consistently affect RMS estimation, which is often used as a concise muscle activity index during vibrations. Such artifacts, rather unpredictable in amplitude, might be the cause of large inter-study differences and must be eliminated before analysis. Motion artifact filtering will contribute to thorough and precise interpretation of neuromuscular response to vibration treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fratini
- Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University Federico II of Naples, Via Claudio, 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Kozhina GV, Person RS. State of monosynaptic reflex (H reflex) arc during voluntary muscle contraction in humans. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01054262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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