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Grossardt BR, Maradit Kremers H, Miller AR, Kasiske BL, Matas AJ, Khosla S, Kremers WK, Amer H, Kumar R. Persistent changes in calcium-regulating hormones and bone turnover markers in living kidney donors more than 20 years after donation. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae067. [PMID: 38868597 PMCID: PMC11166890 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we observed decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and increased bone turnover markers in living kidney donors (LKDs) at 3 months and 36 months after kidney donation. In our recent survey-based study, we found no increased risk of fractures of all types but observed significantly more vertebral fractures in LKDs compared with matched controls. To elucidate the long-term effects of kidney donation on bone health, we recruited 139 LKDs and 139 age and sex matched controls from the survey-based participants for further mechanistic analyses. Specifically, we assessed whether LKDs had persistent abnormalities in calcium- and phosphorus-regulating hormones and related factors, in bone formation and resorption markers, and in density and microstructure of bone compared with controls. We measured serum markers, bone mineral density (BMD), bone microstructure and strength (via high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography and micro-finite element analysis [HRpQCT]), and advanced glycation end-products in donors and controls. LKDs had decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations (donors mean 33.89 pg/mL vs. controls 38.79 pg/mL, percent difference = -12.6%; P < .001), increases in both parathyroid hormone (when corrected for ionized calcium; donors mean 52.98 pg/mL vs. controls 46.89 pg/mL,% difference 13%; P = .03) and ionized calcium levels (donors mean 5.13 mg/dL vs. controls 5.04 mg/dL; P < .001), and increases in several bone resorption and formation markers versus controls. LKDs and controls had similar measures of BMD; however, HRpQCT suggested that LKDs have a statistically insignificant tendency toward thinner cortical bone and lower failure loads as measured by micro-finite element analysis. Our findings suggest that changes in the hormonal mileu after kidney donation and the long-term cumulative effects of these changes on bone health persist for decades after kidney donation and may explain later-life increased rates of vertebral fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Grossardt
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Hilal Maradit Kremers
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Adam R Miller
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation Clinical Research and Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Bertram L Kasiske
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55415, United States
| | - Arthur J Matas
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Walter K Kremers
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Hatem Amer
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation Clinical Research and Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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Jeong H, Vacanti NM. Systemic vitamin intake impacting tissue proteomes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:73. [PMID: 32863845 PMCID: PMC7449053 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and localization of the reactions of metabolism are coordinated by the enzymes that catalyze them. These enzymes are controlled via a myriad of mechanisms including inhibition/activation by metabolites, compartmentalization, thermodynamics, and nutrient sensing-based transcriptional or post-translational regulation; all of which are influenced as a network by the activities of metabolic enzymes and have downstream potential to exert direct or indirect control over protein abundances. Considering many of these enzymes are active only when one or more vitamin cofactors are present; the availability of vitamin cofactors likely yields a systems-influence over tissue proteomes. Furthermore, vitamins may influence protein abundances as nuclear receptor agonists, antioxidants, substrates for post-translational modifications, molecular signal transducers, and regulators of electrolyte homeostasis. Herein, studies of vitamin intake are explored for their contribution to unraveling vitamin influence over protein expression. As a body of work, these studies establish vitamin intake as a regulator of protein abundance; with the most powerful demonstrations reporting regulation of proteins directly related to the vitamin of interest. However, as a whole, the field has not kept pace with advances in proteomic platforms and analytical methodologies, and has not moved to validate mechanisms of regulation or potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesoo Jeong
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
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González-Padilla E, Soria López A, González-Rodríguez E, García-Santana S, Mirallave-Pescador A, Groba Marco MDV, Saavedra P, Quesada Gómez JM, Sosa Henríquez M. Elevada prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en los estudiantes de medicina de Gran Canaria, Islas Canarias (España). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 58:267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wu LNY, Genge BR, Ishikawa Y, Ishikawa T, Wuthier RE. Effects of 24R,25- and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on mineralizing growth plate chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2006; 98:309-34. [PMID: 16408294 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Time- and dosage-dependent effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) on primary cultures of pre- and post-confluent avian growth plate (GP) chondrocytes were examined. Cultures were grown in either a serum-containing culture medium designed to closely mimic normal GP extracellular fluid (DATP5) or a commercially available serum-free media (HL-1) frequently used for studying skeletal cells. Hoechst DNA, Lowry protein, proteoglycan (PG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium and phosphate mineral deposition in the extracellular matrix were measured. In preconfluent cultures grown in DATP5, physiological levels of 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) (0.10-10 nM) increased DNA, protein, and LDH activity significantly more than did 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (0.01-1.0 nM). However, in HL-1, the reverse was true. Determining ratios of LDH and PG to DNA, protein, and each other, revealed that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) specifically increased PG, whereas 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) increased LDH. Post-confluent cells were generally less responsive, especially to 24,25(OH)(2)D(3). The positive anabolic effects of 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) required serum-containing GP-fluid-like culture medium. In contrast, effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) were most apparent in serum-free medium, but were still significant in serum-containing media. Administered to preconfluent cells in DATP5, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) caused rapid, powerful, dosage-dependent inhibition of Ca(2+) and Pi deposition. The lowest level tested (0.01 nM) caused >70% inhibition during the initial stages of mineral deposition; higher levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) caused progressively more profound and persistent reductions. In contrast, 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) increased mineral deposition 20-50%; it required >1 week, but the effects were specific, persistent, and largely dosage-independent. From a physiological perspective, these effects can be explained as follows: 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) levels rise in hypocalcemia; it stimulates gut absorption and releases Ca(2+) from bone to correct this deficiency. We now show that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) also conserves Ca(2+) by inhibiting mineralization. The slow anabolic effects of 24,25(OH)(2)D(3)are consistent with its production under eucalcemic conditions which enable bone formation. These findings, which implicate serum-binding proteins and accumulation of PG in modulating accessibility of the metabolites to GP chondrocytes, also help explain some discrepancies previously reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Y Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 329 Graduate Science Research Center, Columbia, 29208, USA
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Sunde ML, Turk CM, DeLuca HF. The essentiality of vitamin D metabolites for embryonic chick development. Science 1978; 200:1067-9. [PMID: 206963 DOI: 10.1126/science.206963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laying hens maintained on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as their sole source of vitamin D produce eggs which appear normal but which produce embryos having a defective upper mandible and which die at 18 to 19 days of embryonic life. Hens maintained on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, on the other hand, produce normal embryos. Hens fed a vitamin D deficient diet produce eggs which develop the same embryonic defect. Injection of the affected eggs from the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 fed hens with vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 greatly increases the percentage of normal embryos. It therefore appears that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is not transferred from hen to egg in sufficient amounts to support embryonic development and that vitamin D or its metabolites, or both, are necessary for normal chick embryo development.
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Holick MF, Holick SA, Tavela T, Gallagher B, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF. Synthesis of (6-3H)-1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and its metabolism in vivo to (3H)-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Science 1975; 190:576-8. [PMID: 1188356 DOI: 10.1126/science.1188356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
[6-3H]-1alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D3 was chemically synthesized and its full biological activity and radiochemical purity were demonstrated. With the use of this preparation it has been possible to demonstrate in vivo that in rats the [6-3H]-1Alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 is converted to [6-3H]-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the natural hormone. In fact, in the intestine and bone of rats given 32 picomoles of [6-3H]-1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 each day for 6 days, more than 80 percent of the lipid-soluble radioactivity exists as [6-3H]-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, a finding that suggests that much of the biological effectiveness of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 is due to its conversion to 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
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