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do Vale INPC, Almeida GG, Rimkute I, Liechti T, de Araújo FF, dos Santos LI, Henriques PM, Rocha MODC, Elói-Santos SM, Martins−Filho OA, Roederer M, Sher A, Jankovic D, Teixeira−Carvalho A, Antonelli LRDV. Signatures of CD4 + T and B cells are associated with distinct stages of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385850. [PMID: 38726014 PMCID: PMC11079136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. While most patients are asymptomatic, around 30% develop Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy (CCC). Methods Here, we employed high-dimensional flow cytometry to analyze CD4+ T and B cell compartments in patients during the chronic phase of Chagas disease, presenting the asymptomatic and mild or moderate/severe cardiac clinical forms. Results Effector CD27-CD4+ T cells were expanded in both CCC groups, and only mild CCC patients showed higher frequencies of effector memory and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells than healthy donors (CTL) and asymptomatic patients. Unsupervised analysis confirmed these findings and further revealed the expansion of a specific subpopulation composed of Tfh, transitional, and central memory CD4+ T cells bearing a phenotype associated with strong activation, differentiation, and exhaustion in patients with mild but not moderate/severe CCC. In contrast, patients with mild and moderate/severe CCC had lower frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing lower levels of activation markers, suggesting resting status, than CTL. Regarding the B cell compartment, no alterations were found in naïve CD21-, memory cells expressing IgM or IgD, marginal zone, and plasma cells in patients with Chagas disease. However, expansion of class-switched activated and atypical memory B cells was observed in all clinical forms, and more substantially in mild CCC patients. Discussion Taken together, our results showed that T. cruzi infection triggers changes in CD4+ T and B cell compartments that are more pronounced in the mild CCC clinical form, suggesting an orchestrated cellular communication during Chagas disease. Conclusion Overall, these findings reinforce the heterogeneity and complexity of the immune response in patients with chronic Chagas disease and may provide new insights into disease pathology and potential markers to guide clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Natália Pascoal Campos do Vale
- Biology and Immunology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Integrated Research Group in Biomarkers, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gregório Guilherme Almeida
- Biology and Immunology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Inga Rimkute
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Liechti
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fernanda Fortes de Araújo
- Integrated Research Group in Biomarkers, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luara Isabela dos Santos
- Biology and Immunology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departament of Basic Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Miranda Henriques
- Biology and Immunology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvana Maria Elói-Santos
- Integrated Research Group in Biomarkers, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Complementary Propedeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins−Filho
- Integrated Research Group in Biomarkers, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andréa Teixeira−Carvalho
- Integrated Research Group in Biomarkers, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli
- Biology and Immunology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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2
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Martins YC, Jurberg AD, Daniel-Ribeiro CT. Visiting Molecular Mimicry Once More: Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Autoimmunity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1472. [PMID: 37374974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of molecular mimicry describes situations in which antigen sharing between parasites and hosts could benefit pathogen evasion from host immune responses. However, antigen sharing can generate host responses to parasite-derived self-like peptides, triggering autoimmunity. Since its conception, molecular mimicry and the consequent potential cross-reactivity following infections have been repeatedly described in humans, raising increasing interest among immunologists. Here, we reviewed this concept focusing on the challenge of maintaining host immune tolerance to self-components in parasitic diseases. We focused on the studies that used genomics and bioinformatics to estimate the extent of antigen sharing between proteomes of different organisms. In addition, we comparatively analyzed human and murine proteomes for peptide sharing with proteomes of pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms. We conclude that, although the amount of antigenic sharing between hosts and both pathogenic and non-pathogenic parasites and bacteria is massive, the degree of this antigen sharing is not related to pathogenicity or virulence. In addition, because the development of autoimmunity in response to infections by microorganisms endowed with cross-reacting antigens is rare, we conclude that molecular mimicry by itself is not a sufficient factor to disrupt intact self-tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Chaves Martins
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Arnon Dias Jurberg
- Instituto de Educação Médica, Campus Vista Carioca, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro 20071-004, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Animais Transgênicos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária and Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
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3
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Castro JT, Brito R, Hojo-Souza NS, Azevedo B, Salazar N, Ferreira CP, Junqueira C, Fernandes AP, Vasconcellos R, Cardoso JM, Aguiar-Soares RDO, Vieira PMA, Carneiro CM, Valiate B, Toledo C, Salazar AM, Caballero O, Lannes-Vieira J, Teixeira SR, Reis AB, Gazzinelli RT. ASP-2/Trans-sialidase chimeric protein induces robust protective immunity in experimental models of Chagas' disease. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:81. [PMID: 37258518 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization with the Amastigote Surface Protein-2 (ASP-2) and Trans-sialidase (TS) antigens either in the form of recombinant protein, encoded in plasmids or human adenovirus 5 (hAd5) confers robust protection against various lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Herein we generated a chimeric protein containing the most immunogenic regions for T and B cells from TS and ASP-2 (TRASP) and evaluated its immunogenicity in comparison with our standard protocol of heterologous prime-boost using plasmids and hAd5. Mice immunized with TRASP protein associated to Poly-ICLC (Hiltonol) were highly resistant to challenge with T. cruzi, showing a large decrease in tissue parasitism, parasitemia and no lethality. This protection lasted for at least 3 months after the last boost of immunization, being equivalent to the protection induced by DNA/hAd5 protocol. TRASP induced high levels of T. cruzi-specific antibodies and IFNγ-producing T cells and protection was primarily mediated by CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ. We also evaluated the toxicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of TRASP and DNA/hAd5 formulations in dogs. Mild collateral effects were detected at the site of vaccine inoculation. While the chimeric protein associated with Poly-ICLC induced high levels of antibodies and CD4+ T cell responses, the DNA/hAd5 induced no antibodies, but a strong CD8+ T cell response. Immunization with either vaccine protected dogs against challenge with T. cruzi. Despite the similar efficacy, we conclude that moving ahead with TRASP together with Hiltonol is advantageous over the DNA/hAd5 vaccine due to pre-existing immunity to the adenovirus vector, as well as the cost-benefit for development and large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Castro
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Plataforma de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rory Brito
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Natalia S Hojo-Souza
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Azevedo
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia Salazar
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Junqueira
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Valiate
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Toledo
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Santuza R Teixeira
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Plataforma de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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De Alba-Alvarado MC, Torres-Gutiérrez E, Reynoso-Ducoing OA, Zenteno-Galindo E, Cabrera-Bravo M, Guevara-Gómez Y, Salazar-Schettino PM, Rivera-Fernández N, Bucio-Torres MI. Immunopathological Mechanisms Underlying Cardiac Damage in Chagas Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020335. [PMID: 36839607 PMCID: PMC9959418 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chagas disease, the mechanisms involved in cardiac damage are an active field of study. The factors underlying the evolution of lesions following infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and, in some cases, the persistence of its antigens and the host response, with the ensuing development of clinically observable cardiac damage, are analyzed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Citlalli De Alba-Alvarado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Elia Torres-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Olivia Alicia Reynoso-Ducoing
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno-Galindo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Margarita Cabrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Guevara-Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Paz María Salazar-Schettino
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Norma Rivera-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.R.-F.); (M.I.B-T.)
| | - Martha Irene Bucio-Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.R.-F.); (M.I.B-T.)
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5
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Poncini CV, Benatar AF, Gomez KA, Rabinovich GA. Galectins in Chagas Disease: A Missing Link Between Trypanosoma cruzi Infection, Inflammation, and Tissue Damage. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:794765. [PMID: 35046919 PMCID: PMC8762303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite causative agent of Chagas disease, affects about seven million people worldwide, representing a major global public health concern with relevant socioeconomic consequences, particularly in developing countries. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles of galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, in modulating both T. cruzi infection and immunoregulation. Specifically, we focus on galectin-driven circuits that link parasite invasion and inflammation and reprogram innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the dynamics of galectins and their β-galactoside-specific ligands during the pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection and elucidating their roles in immunoregulation, inflammation, and tissue damage offer new rational opportunities for treating this devastating neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina V. Poncini
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F. Benatar
- Servicio de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A. Gomez
- Laboratorio de Biología e Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Nihei J, Cardillo F, Mengel J. The Blockade of Interleukin-2 During the Acute Phase of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Reveals Its Dominant Regulatory Role. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:758273. [PMID: 34869064 PMCID: PMC8635756 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.758273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi infection causes Chagas’ disease in humans. The infection activates the innate and adaptative immunity in an orchestrated immune response to control parasite growth, guaranteeing host survival. Despite an effective immune response to the parasite in the acute phase, the infection progresses to a chronic stage. The parasite infects different tissues such as peripheral neurons, the brain, skeletal muscle, and heart muscle, among many others. It is evident now that tissue-specific immune responses may develop along with anti-parasite immunity. Therefore, mechanisms to regulate immunity and to ensure tissue-specific tolerance are operating during the infection. Studying those immunoregulatory mechanisms is fundamental to improve host protection or control inflammatory reactions that may lead to pathology. The role of IL-2 during T. cruzi infection is not established. IL-2 production by T cells is strongly down-modulated early in the disease by unknown mechanisms and remains low during the chronic phase of the disease. IL-2 activates NK cells, CD4, and CD8 T cells and may be necessary to immunity development. Also, the expansion and maintenance of regulatory T cells require IL-2. Thus, IL-2 may be a key cytokine involved in promoting or down-regulating immune responses, probably in a dose-dependent manner. This study blocked IL-2 during the acute T. cruzi infection by using a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. The results show that parasitemia and mortality rate was lower in animals treated with anti-IL-2. The percentages and total numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells diminished within three weeks of infection. The numbers of splenic activated/memory CD4 and CD8 splenic T cells increased during the acute infection. T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 also augmented in anti-IL-2-treated infected mice. The IL-2 blockade also increased the numbers of inflammatory cells in the heart and skeletal muscles and the amount of IL-17 produced by heart T cells. These results suggest that IL-2 might be involved in the immune regulatory response during the acute T. cruzi infection, dampening T cell activation through the expansion/maintenance of regulatory T cells and regulating IL-17 production. Therefore, the IL-2 pathway is an attractive target for therapeutic purposes in acute and chronic phases of Chagas’ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Nihei
- Gonçalo Moniz Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil.,Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRP), Santo Antonio de Jesus, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Cardillo
- Gonçalo Moniz Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jose Mengel
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Petropolis Medical School, University Faculties Arthur Sa Earp Neto (FMP/UNIFASE), Petropolis, Brazil
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7
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Garcia-Bustos V, Moral Moral P, Cabañero-Navalon MD, Salavert Lletí M, Calabuig Muñoz E. Does Autoimmunity Play a Role in the Immunopathogenesis of Vasculitis Associated With Chronic Chagas Disease? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:671962. [PMID: 34295833 PMCID: PMC8290184 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Garcia-Bustos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Moral Moral
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Dafne Cabañero-Navalon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Salavert Lletí
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Calabuig Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Teixeira AAR, Carnero LR, Kuramoto A, Tang FHF, Gomes CH, Pereira NB, de Oliveira LC, Garrini R, Monteiro JS, Setubal JC, Sabino EC, Pasqualini R, Colli W, Arap W, Alves MJM, Cunha-Neto E, Giordano RJ. A refined genome phage display methodology delineates the human antibody response in patients with Chagas disease. iScience 2021; 24:102540. [PMID: 34142048 PMCID: PMC8185243 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale mapping of antigens and epitopes is pivotal for developing immunotherapies but challenging, especially for eukaryotic pathogens, owing to their large genomes. Here, we developed an integrated platform for genome phage display (gPhage) to show that unbiased libraries of the eukaryotic parasite Trypanosoma cruzi enable the identification of thousands of antigens recognized by serum samples from patients with Chagas disease. Because most of these antigens are hypothetical proteins, gPhage provides evidence of their expression during infection. We built and validated a comprehensive map of Chagas disease antibody response to show how linear and putative conformation epitopes, many rich in repetitive elements, allow the parasite to evade a buildup of neutralizing antibodies directed against protein domains that mediate infection pathogenesis. Thus, the gPhage platform is a reproducible and effective tool for rapid simultaneous identification of epitopes and antigens, not only in Chagas disease but perhaps also in globally emerging/reemerging acute pathogens. Genomic shotgun phage display (gPhage) of eukaryotes is feasible and promising. gPhage allows rapid antigen ID and epitope mapping, including 3D structures. Conformation epitopes can be identified and validated by using the gPhage platform. Most Chagas disease antigens are hypothetical proteins rich in repetitive elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Azevedo Reis Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luis Rodriguez Carnero
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Andréia Kuramoto
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Fenny Hui Fen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.,Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Carlos Hernique Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Natalia Bueno Pereira
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Léa Campos de Oliveira
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Regina Garrini
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Jhonatas Sirino Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Setubal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Walter Colli
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Maria Júlia Manso Alves
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Edécio Cunha-Neto
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Giordano
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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9
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Dos Santos GP, Abukawa FM, Souza-Melo N, Alcântara LM, Bittencourt-Cunha P, Moraes CB, Jha BK, McGwire BS, Moretti NS, Schenkman S. Cyclophilin 19 secreted in the host cell cytosol by Trypanosoma cruzi promotes ROS production required for parasite growth. Cell Microbiol 2020; 23:e13295. [PMID: 33222354 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been described to induce parasite proliferation in mammalian host cells. It is unknown how the parasite manages to increase host ROS levels. Here, we found that intracellular T. cruzi forms release in the host cytosol its major cyclophilin of 19 kDa (TcCyp19). Parasites depleted of TcCyp19 by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene replacement proliferate inefficiently and fail to increase ROS, compared to wild type parasites or parasites with restored TcCyp19 gene expression. Expression of TcCyp19 in L6 rat myoblast increased ROS levels and restored the proliferation of TcCyp19 depleted parasites. These events could also be inhibited by cyclosporin A, (a cyclophilin inhibitor), and by polyethylene glycol-linked to antioxidant enzymes. TcCyp19 was found more concentrated in the membrane leading edges of the host cells in regions that also accumulate phosphorylated p47phox , as observed to the endogenous cyclophilin A, suggesting some mechanisms involved with the translocation process of the regulatory subunit p47phox in the activation of the NADPH oxidase enzymatic complex. We concluded that cyclophilin released in the host cell cytosol by T. cruzi mediates the increase of ROS, required to boost parasite proliferation in mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Pedroso Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Midori Abukawa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Normanda Souza-Melo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Maria Alcântara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Bittencourt-Cunha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Borsoi Moraes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Bijay Kumar Jha
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bradford S McGwire
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nilmar Silvio Moretti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Quebrada Palacio LP, Fernández ER, Hernández-Vásquez Y, Petray PB, Postan M. Circulating T Follicular Helper Cell Abnormalities Associated to Different Clinical Forms of Chronic Chagas Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:126. [PMID: 32296649 PMCID: PMC7136390 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple perturbations of the immune response affecting a range of cells have been reported in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals and associated to clinical manifestations of chronic Chagas disease. There is a paucity of knowledge about the role of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in this infection. Here, we sought to characterize circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells in chronic Chagas disease patients and to identify potential associations with disease severity in humans. cTfh cells were characterized by flow cytometry in freshly isolated PBMCs from 7 T. cruzi-infected asymptomatic patients (ASYMP), 5 patients with chronic chagasic dilated cardiomyopathy (CCC) and 8 healthy controls, using antibodies against chemokine receptors CXCR5, CXCR3, CCR6, and CCR7. Our results showed significant expansion of CD4+CD45RO+CXCR5+CCR6+ cells in ASYMP and CCC patients, along with a contraction of CD4+CD45RO+CXCR5+CXCR3-CCR6- (cTfh2) cells. ASYMP patients further exhibited decreased CD4+CD45RO+CXCR5+CXCR3+CCR6- (cTfh1) cells and expanded CD4+CD45RO+CXCR5+CXCR3-CCR6+ (cTfh17) cells while CCC patients exhibited significantly increased frequencies of CD4+CD45RO+CXCR5+CCR7+ cells. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive trend of CD4+CD45RO+CXCR5+CXCR3+CCR6+ (cTfh1/17) cells and negative trends of cTfh1 and cTfh2 cells as disease was more severe. There was no correlation between the frequencies of cTfh cells and circulating CD19+IgD-IgG+ cells or serum levels of T. cruzi-specific IgG. These results demonstrate that the cTfh compartment of humans chronically infected with T. cruzi comprises expanded CCR6-expressing cells and reduced cTfh2 cells. The association of discrete phenotypic changes in cTfh subsets with different clinical forms suggests the potential contribution of T follicular helper cells to Chagas heart disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz P Quebrada Palacio
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", ANLIS/Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban R Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", ANLIS/Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Hernández-Vásquez
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", ANLIS/Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia B Petray
- Facultad de Medicina, IMPaM-Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Postan
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", ANLIS/Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Abstract
The aim of this review was to identify anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic agents and their effects on patients with chagasic myocarditis. A systematic review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, LILACS and CENTRAL databases (Cochrane Library) was carried out without language restrictions. The descriptors used were: 'Chagas cardiomyopathy', 'treatment', 'Chagas disease', 'anti-inflammatory agents', 'Trypanosoma cruzi' and 'antioxidants'. A total of 4,138 articles was identified, six of which were selected for data extraction. Of these, four were related to antioxidant therapy with vitamins C and E supplementation, and two using anti-inflammatory therapy. The studies were carried out in Brazil and were published between 2002 and 2017. Antioxidant therapy with vitamin C and E supplementation increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces the oxidative markers. There is no conclusive data to support the use of vitamin supplementation and anti-inflammatory therapy in the treatment of chagasic cardiomyopathy. However, the studies indicate the possibility of vitamin supplementation as a new approach to the treatment of Chagas disease. Antioxidant therapy was proven to be a viable alternative for attenuating the oxidative damage caused by chronic chagasic cardiopathy, leading to a better prognosis for patients.
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12
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Sprooten J, Garg AD. Type I interferons and endoplasmic reticulum stress in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 350:63-118. [PMID: 32138904 PMCID: PMC7104985 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) comprise of pro-inflammatory cytokines created, as well as sensed, by all nucleated cells with the main objective of blocking pathogens-driven infections. Owing to this broad range of influence, type I IFNs also exhibit critical functions in many sterile inflammatory diseases and immunopathologies, especially those associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-driven signaling pathways. Indeed, over the years accumulating evidence has indicated that the presence of ER stress can influence the production, or sensing of, type I IFNs induced by perturbations like pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists, infections (bacterial, viral or parasitic) or autoimmunity. In this article we discuss the link between type I IFNs and ER stress in various diseased contexts. We describe how ER stress regulates type I IFNs production or sensing, or how type I IFNs may induce ER stress, in various circumstances like microbial infections, autoimmunity, diabetes, cancer and other ER stress-related contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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De Bona E, Lidani KCF, Bavia L, Omidian Z, Gremski LH, Sandri TL, de Messias Reason IJ. Autoimmunity in Chronic Chagas Disease: A Road of Multiple Pathways to Cardiomyopathy? Front Immunol 2018; 9:1842. [PMID: 30127792 PMCID: PMC6088212 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affects around six million individuals in Latin America. Currently, CD occurs worldwide, becoming a significant public health concern due to its silent aspect and high morbimortality rate. T. cruzi presents different escape strategies which allow its evasion from the host immune system, enabling its persistence and the establishment of chronic infection which leads to the development of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC). The potent immune stimuli generated by T. cruzi persistence may result in tissue damage and inflammatory response. In addition, molecular mimicry between parasites molecules and host proteins may result in cross-reaction with self-molecules and consequently in autoimmune features including autoantibodies and autoreactive cells. Although controversial, there is evidence demonstrating a role for autoimmunity in the clinical progression of CCC. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism underlying the generation of an autoimmune response in human CD progression is unknown. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and hypotheses related to the autoimmune mechanisms involved in the development and progression of CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elidiana De Bona
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kárita Cláudia Freitas Lidani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lorena Bavia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Zahra Omidian
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Thaisa Lucas Sandri
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iara J de Messias Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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14
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Ferreira BL, Ferreira ÉR, de Brito MV, Salu BR, Oliva MLV, Mortara RA, Orikaza CM. BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice Cytokine Responses to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Are Independent of Parasite Strain Infectivity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:553. [PMID: 29662478 PMCID: PMC5890190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas’ disease, which affects 6–7 million people worldwide. Different strains of T. cruzi present specific genotypic and phenotypic characteristics that affect the host–pathogen interactions, and thus, the parasite has been classified into six groups (TcI to TcVI). T. cruzi infection presents two clinical phases, acute and chronic, both with distinct characteristics and important participation by the immune system. However, the specific contributions of parasite and host factors in the disease phases are not yet fully understood. The murine model for Chagas’ disease is well-established and reproduces important features of the human infection, providing an experimental basis for the study of host lineages and parasite strains. Thus, we evaluated acute and chronic infection by the G (TcI) and CL (TcVI) strains of T. cruzi, which have distinct tropisms and infectivity, in two inbred mice lineages (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) that display variable degrees of susceptibility to different T. cruzi strains. Analysis of the parasite loads in host tissues by qPCR showed that CL strain established an infection faster than the G strain; at the same time, the response in BALB/c mice, although diverse in terms of cytokine secretion, was initiated earlier than that in C57BL/6 mice. At the parasitemia peak in the acute phase, we observed, either by confocal microscopy or by qPCR, that the infection was disseminated in all groups analyzed, with some differences concerning parasite tropism; at this point, all animals responded to infection by increasing the serum concentrations of cytokines. However, BALB/c mice seemed to better regulate the immune response than C57BL/6 mice. Indeed, in the chronic phase, C57BL/6 mice still presented exacerbated cytokine and chemokine responses. In summary, our results indicate that in these experimental models, the deregulation of immune response that is typical of chronic Chagas’ disease may be due to control loss over pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines early in the acute phase of the disease, depending primarily on the host background rather than the parasite strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca L Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Éden R Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlon V de Brito
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno R Salu
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L V Oliva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato A Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina M Orikaza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Clipman SJ, Henderson-Frost J, Fu KY, Bern C, Flores J, Gilman RH. Genetic association study of NLRP1, CARD, and CASP1 inflammasome genes with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy among Trypanosoma cruzi seropositive patients in Bolivia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192378. [PMID: 29438387 PMCID: PMC5810984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
About 20–30% of people infected with Chagas disease present with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), the most serious and frequent manifestation of the disease, while others remain asymptomatic and often do not experience Chagas-specific mortality. It is not currently well understood what causes these differential disease outcomes, but a genetic predisposition within the host could play an important role. This study examined variants in the NLRP1, CARD, and CASP1 inflammasome genes among 62 T. cruzi seropositive patients from Bolivia (38 cases with CCC and 24 asymptomatic controls) to uncover associations with CCC. All subjects underwent a complete medical examination including electrocardiogram (EKG) and echocardiogram. After genotype calling and quality control filtering with exclusion of 3 cases and 3 controls, association analysis was performed across 76 directly genotyped SNPs in NLRP1, CARD, and CASP1 genes, adjusting for age, sex, and population stratification. One SNP (rs11651270; Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.036) corresponding to a missense mutation in NLPR1 was found to be significant after adjustment for multiple testing, and a suggestive association was seen in CARD11 (rs6953573; Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.060). Although limited by sample size, the study results suggest variations in the inflammasome, particularly in NLRP1 and CARD11, may be associated with CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Clipman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Katherine Y. Fu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Caryn Bern
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jorge Flores
- Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
- Catholic University of Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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In Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of a Transition-State Analog Inhibitor of Human Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:3062892. [PMID: 28929123 PMCID: PMC5591996 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3062892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common clinical form of American tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. CL is associated with a strong Th1 immune response. This exacerbated inflammatory response is correlated with severity of disease and delays the healing time of the ulcer. The fourth-generation immucillin derivative (DI4G), a potent inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, has been proposed as a promising agent in the treatment of diseases associated with T cell activation. Herein, we evaluated the in vitro immunomodulatory activity of DI4G in cells of patients presenting with CL. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from CL patients were stimulated with soluble leishmania antigen (SLA), in the presence or absence of DI4G, and IFN-γ, TNF, CXCL9, and CXCL10 levels were determined by ELISA. Lymphocyte proliferation in the presence or absence of DI4G was also evaluated, using flow cytometry. DI4G was able to decrease (p < 0.05) IFN-γ production but did not change the TNF, CXCL9, and CXCL10 levels. DI4G decreased (p < 0.05) the lymphoproliferative response mediated by CD8+ T cells, but not that by CD4+ T cells. DI4G is able to attenuate the exaggerated immune response in CL, exhibiting immunomodulatory activity in IFN-γ production and in CD8+ T cell proliferation.
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17
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Mishra SR, Dhimal M, Bhandari PM, Adhikari B. Sanitation for all: the global opportunity to increase transgenerational health gains and better understand the link between NCDs and NTDs, a scoping review. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2017; 3:8. [PMID: 28883978 PMCID: PMC5530944 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-017-0051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The global sanitation divide is narrowing. However, in many countries in Asia and Africa, the gap between rural and urban sanitation coverage is rather widening. Moreover, there is an increase in the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), notwithstanding to the already high burden of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). A scientific query is building on how the global 'sanitation for all' goal will address the dual burden of NTDs and NCDs, and help further understand the link between the two. This paper aims to discuss the link between i) sanitation and NTDs, and ii) sanitation and NCDs through a scoping review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Raj Mishra
- Nepal Development Society, P.O.Box. 75, Bharatpur-10, Nepal
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Meghnath Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Bipin Adhikari
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Salazar-Schettino PM, Cabrera-Bravo M, Vazquez-Antona C, Zenteno E, Alba-Alvarado MD, Gutierrez ET, Gomez YG, Perera-Salazar MG, Torre GGDL, Bucio-Torres MI. Chagas Disease in Mexico: Report of 14 Cases of Chagasic Cardiomyopathy in Children. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 240:243-249. [PMID: 27890871 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.240.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a parasitic infection mainly found in Latin America; it is transmitted by a triatomine, also known as assassin bug or kissing bug. In humans, the parasite causes mostly cardiac disorders. Two-thirds of the Mexican territory are regarded as risk areas for vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent. The parasite can be found as a blood-borne trypomastigote or as an intracellular amastigote. The progression and severity of lesions could be due to frequent reinfections or to infection by highly virulent strains. A total of 3,327 individuals younger than 18 years old, living in risk areas for this disease in the rural setting of the States of Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz, underwent a seroepidemiological study. Among them, 37 subjects were seropositive for T. cruzi, and were studied to look for signs of cardiac pathology, which has only been reported in adults. A clinical record was prepared for all included individuals, and electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (ECHO) studies were performed; 25 cases showed lesions compatible with the onset of Chagas cardiomyopathy. The other 12 patients showed either normal ECG and ECHO data or showed abnormal parameters that were not regarded as significant. Lesions found in the onset of Chagas cardiomyopathy in children are herein reported, along with 14 cases of cardiac pathology compatible with Chagas disease. Our results indicate that patients younger than 18 years can show a cardiac pathology similar to that observed in adults.
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19
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Cardiomyopathy - An approach to the autoimmune background. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:269-286. [PMID: 28163240 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is increasingly accepted as the origin or amplifier of various diseases. In contrast to classic autoantibodies (AABs), which induce immune responses resulting in the destruction of the affected tissue, an additional class of AABs is directed against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; GPCR-AABs). GPCR-AABs functionally affect their related GPCRs for activation of receptor mediated signal cascades. Diseases which are characterized by the presence of GPCR-AABs with evidence for disease-specific pathogenic activity could be named "functional autoantibody disease". We briefly summarize here the historical view on autoimmunity in cardiomyopathy, followed by an approach to the mechanistic autoimmunity background. Furthermore, autoantibodies with outstanding importance for cardiomyopathies as a functional autoantibody disease, such as GPCR-AABs, and mainly those directed against the beta1-adrenergic and muscarinic 2 receptor autoantibodies, are introduced. Anti-cardiac myosin and anti-cardiac troponin autoantibodies, as further potential players in autoimmune cardiomyopathy, are additionally taken into account. The basic view on the autoantibodies, their related receptor interactions and pathogenic consequences are presented. Focused specifically on GPCR-AABs, "pros and cons" of assays such as indirect assays (functional changes of cell preparations are monitored after GPCR-AAB receptor binding) and direct assays based on the ELISA technologies (GPCR epitope mimics for GPCR-AAB binding) are critically discussed. Last but not least, treatment strategies for "functional autoantibody disease", such as for GPCR-AAB removal (therapeutic plasma exchange, immunoadsorption) and in vivo GPCR-AAB attack such as intravenous IgG treatment (IVIG), B-cell depletion and GPCR-AAB binding and neutralization, are critically reflected with respect to their patient benefits.
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20
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Cruz JS, Machado FS, Ropert C, Roman-Campos D. Molecular mechanisms of cardiac electromechanical remodeling during Chagas disease: Role of TNF and TGF-β. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2017; 27:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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22
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Peverengo L, Prochetto E, Rodeles L, Valenzuela I, Marcipar IS, Bottasso O, Vicco MH. Antibody profiles induced by Trypanosoma cruzi in chagasic patients with previous or current exposure to mycobacteria. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw109. [PMID: 27815312 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the immune response mounted by the host to a particular microorganism might be influenced by the acquired immunological experience due to previous contact with other microorganisms, we performed a cross-sectional study to explore the pattern of Trypanosoma cruzi infection-related antibodies in T. cruzi-seropositive individuals presenting concomitant tuberculosis, or the antecedent of BCG vaccination. Sampled individuals were grouped as follows: patients with Chagas disease, not vaccinated with BCG, who further developed pulmonary tuberculosis; individuals with Chagas disease, BCG-vaccinated; and subjects with Chagas disease, presenting neither BCG scar nor tuberculosis disease. Non-vaccinated individuals or without tuberculosis, presented the highest values of anti-PH (P < 0.001), anti-FRA (P < 0.001), anti-p2β (P = 0.0023) and anti-B13 (P < 0.001) antibodies. The present findings constitute the first demonstration of the potential influence of concomitant tuberculosis on Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Peverengo
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Prochetto
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luz Rodeles
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Valenzuela
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván Sergio Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Oscar Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, UNR-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Miguel Hernán Vicco
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina .,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Vicco MH, Rodeles L, Capovilla GS, Perrig M, Choque AGH, Marcipar I, Bottasso O, Rodriguez C, Cuña W. IgG Autoantibodies Induced by T. cruzi During Pregnancy: Correlation with Gravidity Complications and Early Outcome Assessment of the Newborns. Matern Child Health J 2016; 20:2057-64. [PMID: 27318490 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-016-2035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present research was to evaluate the correlation of vertically transmitted IgG antibodies induced by T. cruzi and newborn early outcome assessment, mainly birth weight and gestational age. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study with 183 pregnant women (64 with asymptomatic Chagas disease) and their newborns. Both were subjected to complete clinical examination. Peripheral parasitemia was assessed in mother and neonates by parasite detection through microscopic examination of the buffycoat from mother's peripheral and cord blood. Antibodies induced by T. cruzi, such as anti-FRA, anti-B13, anti-p2β and anti-T. cruzi were assessed by immunoassay. Birth weight, general condition evaluation by APGAR Score and gestational age by Capurro Score, were determined in newborns. Results The rate of stillbirth background and pregnancy-induced hypertension were higher in patients with Chagas disease (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Parasitemia was detectable in 17 mothers and 4 newborns. The newborns of mothers with detectable parasitemia presented decreased gestational age (p = 0.006) and body weight (p = 0.04). Mostly all the mothers with Chagas disease and all their newborns have positive values of antibodies induced by T. cruzi; however, only anti-p2β showed to be related to the presence of complication during pregnancy (OR 2.35, p = 0.036), and to low birth weight (OR 1.55, p = 0.02). Conclusions Low birth weight and decreased postnatal estimation of maturity were related to detectable parasitemia in the mother. Also, vertical transmission of T. cruzi-induced autoantibodies might have clinical implication in newborns given the negative association between anti-p2β values and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hernán Vicco
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Luz Rodeles
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Melina Perrig
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, CC242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Oscar Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Celeste Rodriguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Parasitaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Washington Cuña
- Unidad de Inmunología Parasitaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
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Morrot A, Villar SR, González FB, Pérez AR. Evasion and Immuno-Endocrine Regulation in Parasite Infection: Two Sides of the Same Coin in Chagas Disease? Front Microbiol 2016; 7:704. [PMID: 27242726 PMCID: PMC4876113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a serious illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Nearly 30% of chronically infected people develop cardiac, digestive, or mixed alterations, suggesting a broad range of host-parasite interactions that finally impact upon chronic disease outcome. The ability of T. cruzi to persist and cause pathology seems to depend on diverse factors like T. cruzi strains, the infective load and the route of infection, presence of virulence factors, the parasite capacity to avoid protective immune response, the strength and type of host defense mechanisms and the genetic background of the host. The host-parasite interaction is subject to a constant neuro-endocrine regulation that is thought to influence the adaptive immune system, and as the infection proceeds it can lead to a broad range of outcomes, ranging from pathogen elimination to its continued persistence in the host. In this context, T. cruzi evasion strategies and host defense mechanisms can be envisioned as two sides of the same coin, influencing parasite persistence and different outcomes observed in Chagas disease. Understanding how T. cruzi evade host's innate and adaptive immune response will provide important clues to better dissect mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morrot
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvina R Villar
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Immunology of Rosario, CONICET, National University of RosarioRosario, Argentina; Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of RosarioRosario, Argentina
| | - Florencia B González
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Immunology of Rosario, CONICET, National University of RosarioRosario, Argentina; Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of RosarioRosario, Argentina
| | - Ana R Pérez
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Immunology of Rosario, CONICET, National University of RosarioRosario, Argentina; Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of RosarioRosario, Argentina
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25
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Lima-Costa MF, Macinko J, Mambrini JVDM, Peixoto SV, Pereira AC, Tarazona-Santos E, Ribeiro ALP. Genomic African and Native American Ancestry and Chagas Disease: The Bambui (Brazil) Epigen Cohort Study of Aging. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004724. [PMID: 27182885 PMCID: PMC4868305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of genetic ancestry on Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease outcomes is unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used 370,539 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to examine the association between individual proportions of African, European and Native American genomic ancestry with T. cruzi infection and related outcomes in 1,341 participants (aged ≥ 60 years) of the Bambui (Brazil) population-based cohort study of aging. Potential confounding variables included sociodemographic characteristics and an array of health measures. The prevalence of T. cruzi infection was 37.5% and 56.3% of those infected had a major ECG abnormality. Baseline T. cruzi infection was correlated with higher levels of African and Native American ancestry, which in turn were strongly associated with poor socioeconomic circumstances. Cardiomyopathy in infected persons was not significantly associated with African or Native American ancestry levels. Infected persons with a major ECG abnormality were at increased risk of 15-year mortality relative to their counterparts with no such abnormalities (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.80; 95% 1.41, 2.32). African and Native American ancestry levels had no significant effect modifying this association. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate that African and Native American ancestry have no influence on the presence of major ECG abnormalities and had no influence on the ability of an ECG abnormality to predict mortality in older people infected with T. cruzi. In contrast, our results revealed a strong and independent association between prevalent T. cruzi infection and higher levels of African and Native American ancestry. Whether this association is a consequence of genetic background or differential exposure to infection remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - James Macinko
- University of California, Fielding School of Public Health, Departments of Health Policy and Management and Community Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Sérgio Viana Peixoto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Aplicada, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Hospital das Clínicas e Faculdade de Medicina, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Tanowitz HB, Machado FS, Spray DC, Friedman JM, Weiss OS, Lora JN, Nagajyothi J, Moraes DN, Garg NJ, Nunes MCP, Ribeiro ALP. Developments in the management of Chagas cardiomyopathy. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:1393-409. [PMID: 26496376 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over 100 years have elapsed since the discovery of Chagas disease and there is still much to learn regarding pathogenesis and treatment. Although there are antiparasitic drugs available, such as benznidazole and nifurtimox, they are not totally reliable and often toxic. A recently released negative clinical trial with benznidazole in patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy further reinforces the concerns regarding its effectiveness. New drugs and new delivery systems, including those based on nanotechnology, are being sought. Although vaccine development is still in its infancy, the reality of a therapeutic vaccine remains a challenge. New ECG methods may help to recognize patients prone to developing malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The management of heart failure, stroke and arrhythmias also remains a challenge. Although animal experiments have suggested that stem cell based therapy may be therapeutic in the management of heart failure in Chagas cardiomyopathy, clinical trials have not been promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert B Tanowitz
- a Department of Pathology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Fabiana S Machado
- c Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,d Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - David C Spray
- b Department of Medicine , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA.,e Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Joel M Friedman
- f Department of Physiology & Biophysics , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Oren S Weiss
- a Department of Pathology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Jose N Lora
- a Department of Pathology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Jyothi Nagajyothi
- g Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School , Rutgers University , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Diego N Moraes
- d Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,h Department of Internal Medicine and University Hospital , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- i Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity , University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , TX , USA
| | - Maria Carmo P Nunes
- d Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,h Department of Internal Medicine and University Hospital , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz P Ribeiro
- d Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,h Department of Internal Medicine and University Hospital , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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Benatar AF, García GA, Bua J, Cerliani JP, Postan M, Tasso LM, Scaglione J, Stupirski JC, Toscano MA, Rabinovich GA, Gómez KA. Galectin-1 Prevents Infection and Damage Induced by Trypanosoma cruzi on Cardiac Cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004148. [PMID: 26451839 PMCID: PMC4599936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is the result of a pathologic process starting during the acute phase of parasite infection. Among different factors, the specific recognition of glycan structures by glycan-binding proteins from the parasite or from the mammalian host cells may play a critical role in the evolution of the infection. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we investigated the contribution of galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein abundantly expressed in human and mouse heart, to the pathophysiology of T. cruzi infection, particularly in the context of cardiac pathology. We found that exposure of HL-1 cardiac cells to Gal-1 reduced the percentage of infection by two different T. cruzi strains, Tulahuén (TcVI) and Brazil (TcI). In addition, Gal-1 prevented exposure of phosphatidylserine and early events in the apoptotic program by parasite infection on HL-1 cells. These effects were not mediated by direct interaction with the parasite surface, suggesting that Gal-1 may act through binding to host cells. Moreover, we also observed that T. cruzi infection altered the glycophenotype of cardiac cells, reducing binding of exogenous Gal-1 to the cell surface. Consistent with these data, Gal-1 deficient (Lgals1-/-) mice showed increased parasitemia, reduced signs of inflammation in heart and skeletal muscle tissues, and lower survival rates as compared to wild-type (WT) mice in response to intraperitoneal infection with T. cruzi Tulahuén strain. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that Gal-1 modulates T. cruzi infection of cardiac cells, highlighting the relevance of galectins and their ligands as regulators of host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F. Benatar
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas (LabMECh), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A. García
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jacqeline Bua
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P. Cerliani
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Postan
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura M. Tasso
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas (LabMECh), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Scaglione
- Hospital Pedro de Elizalde, Servicio de Cardiología, Sección Electrofisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan C. Stupirski
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta A. Toscano
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A. Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas (LabMECh), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Cardillo F, de Pinho RT, Antas PRZ, Mengel J. Immunity and immune modulation in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv082. [PMID: 26438729 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The parasite reaches the secondary lymphoid organs, the heart, skeletal muscles, neurons in the intestine and esophagus among other tissues. The disease is characterized by mega syndromes, which may affect the esophagus, the colon and the heart, in about 30% of infected people. The clinical manifestations associated with T. cruzi infection during the chronic phase of the disease are dependent on complex interactions between the parasite and the host tissues, particularly the lymphoid system that may either result in a balanced relationship with no disease or in an unbalanced relationship that follows an inflammatory response to parasite antigens and associated tissues in some of the host organs and/or by an autoimmune response to host antigens. This review discusses the findings that support the notion of an integrated immune response, considering the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system in the control of parasite numbers and also the mechanisms proposed to regulate the immune response in order to tolerate the remaining parasite load, during the chronic phase of infection. This knowledge is fundamental to the understanding of the disease progression and is essential for the development of novel therapies and vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Cardillo
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Salvador 40295-001, Brazil
| | - Rosa Teixeira de Pinho
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Renato Zuquim Antas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - José Mengel
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil Faculty of Medicine of Petropolis, FMP-FASE, 25680-120, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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29
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Gomes LR, Martins YC, Ferreira-da-Cruz MF, Daniel-Ribeiro CT. Autoimmunity, phospholipid-reacting antibodies and malaria immunity. Lupus 2015; 23:1295-8. [PMID: 25228731 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314546021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several questions regarding the production and functioning of autoantibodies (AAb) during malaria infection remain open. Here we provide an overview of studies conducted in our laboratory that shed some light on the questions of whether antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and other AAb associated with autoimmune diseases (AID) can recognize Plasmodia antigens and exert anti-parasite activity; and whether anti-parasite phospholipid antibodies, produced in response to malaria, can inhibit phospholipid-induced inflammatory responses and protect against the pathogenesis of severe malaria. Our work showed that sera from patients with AID containing AAb against dsDNA, ssDNA, nuclear antigens (ANA), actin, cardiolipin (aCL) and erythrocyte membrane antigens recognize plasmodial antigens and can, similarly to monoclonal AAb of several specificities including phospholipid, inhibit the growth of P. falciparum in vitro. However, we did not detect a relationship between the presence of anti-glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) antibodies in the serum and asymptomatic malaria infection, although we did register a relationship between these antibodies and parasitemia levels in infected individuals. Taken together, these results indicate that autoimmune responses mediated by AAb of different specificities, including phospholipid, may have anti-plasmodial activity and protect against malaria, although it is not clear whether anti-parasite phospholipid antibodies can mediate the same effect. The potential effect of anti-parasite phospholipid antibodies in malarious patients that are prone to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus or antiphospholipid syndrome, as well as the (possibly protective?) role of the (pathogenic) aPL on the malaria symptomatology and severity in these individuals, remain open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Gomes
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro and Center for Malaria Research and Training (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro / Secretary for Health Surveillance (SVS), Ministry of Health, Brazil
| | - Y C Martins
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro and Center for Malaria Research and Training (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro / Secretary for Health Surveillance (SVS), Ministry of Health, Brazil Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, New York, USA
| | - M F Ferreira-da-Cruz
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro and Center for Malaria Research and Training (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro / Secretary for Health Surveillance (SVS), Ministry of Health, Brazil
| | - C T Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro and Center for Malaria Research and Training (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro / Secretary for Health Surveillance (SVS), Ministry of Health, Brazil
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30
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Immune Evasion Strategies of Trypanosoma cruzi. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:178947. [PMID: 26240832 PMCID: PMC4512591 DOI: 10.1155/2015/178947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes have evolved a diverse range of strategies to subvert the host immune system. The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, provides a good example of such adaptations. This parasite targets a broad spectrum of host tissues including both peripheral and central lymphoid tissues. Rapid colonization of the host gives rise to a systemic acute response which the parasite must overcome. The parasite in fact undermines both innate and adaptive immunity. It interferes with the antigen presenting function of dendritic cells via an action on host sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin receptors. These receptors also induce suppression of CD4(+) T cells responses, and we presented evidence that the sialylation of parasite-derived mucins is required for the inhibitory effects on CD4 T cells. In this review we highlight the major mechanisms used by Trypanosoma cruzi to overcome host immunity and discuss the role of parasite colonization of the central thymic lymphoid tissue in chronic disease.
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31
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Sabino EC, Ribeiro AL, Lee TH, Oliveira CL, Carneiro-Proietti AB, Antunes AP, Menezes MM, Ianni BM, Salemi VM, Nastari L, Fernandes F, Sachdev V, Carrick DM, Deng X, Wright D, Gonçalez TT, Murphy EL, Custer B, Busch MP. Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in blood by PCR is associated with Chagas cardiomyopathy and disease severity. Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 17:416-23. [PMID: 25678239 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in blood of antibody-positive patients for risk of development of Chagas heart disease is not well established. The objective of this study was to compare detection of T. cruzi DNA with known clinical and laboratory markers of Chagas cardiomyopathy (CC) severity. METHODS This is a case-control study nested within a retrospective cohort developed in Brazil to understand the natural history of Chagas disease. The study enrolled 499 T. cruzi seropositive blood donors (SP-BD) and 488 frequency matched seronegative control donors (SN-BD) who had donated between 1996 and 2002, and 101 patients with clinically diagnosed CC. In 2008-2010 all enrolled subjects underwent a health questionnaire, medical examination, electrocardiograms and echocardiograms and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. A blinded panel of three cardiologists adjudicated the outcome of CC. Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplast minicircle sequences were amplified by real-time PCR using an assay with a sensitivity of one parasite per 20 mL of blood. All testing was performed on coded samples. RESULTS Rates of PCR detection of T. cruzi DNA were significantly (P = 0.003) higher in CC patients and SP-BD diagnosed with CC (79/105 [75.2 %]) compared with SP-BD without CC (143/279 [51.3%]). The presence of parasitaemia was significantly associated with known markers of disease progression such as QRS and QT interval duration, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, higher left ventricular index mass, and elevated troponin and NTpro-BNP levels. CONCLUSION Trypanosoma cruzi PCR positivity is associated with presence and severity of cardiomyopathy, suggesting a direct role of parasite persistence in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Sabino
- Department of Infectious Disease and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Teixeira PC, Ferber P, Vuilleumier N, Cutler P. Biomarkers for cardiovascular risk assessment in autoimmune diseases. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:48-57. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Camillo Teixeira
- Pharma Research and Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; Basel; Switzerland
- Division of Laboratory Medicine; Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ferber
- Pharma Research and Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; Basel; Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine; Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Paul Cutler
- Pharma Research and Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; Basel; Switzerland
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Vicco MH, César LI, Musacchio HM, Bar DO, Marcipar IS, Bottasso OA. Chagas disease reactivation in a patient non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Rev Clin Esp 2014; 214:e83-5. [PMID: 24889774 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M H Vicco
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital J. B "Iturraspe", Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - L I César
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital J. B. "Iturraspe", Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H M Musacchio
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - D O Bar
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital J. B. "Iturraspe", Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - I S Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - O A Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Fernández ER, Olivera GC, Quebrada Palacio LP, González MN, Hernandez-Vasquez Y, Sirena NM, Morán ML, Ledesma Patiño OS, Postan M. Altered distribution of peripheral blood memory B cells in humans chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104951. [PMID: 25111833 PMCID: PMC4128741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous abnormalities of the peripheral blood T cell compartment have been reported in human chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection and related to prolonged antigenic stimulation by persisting parasites. Herein, we measured circulating lymphocytes of various phenotypes based on the differential expression of CD19, CD4, CD27, CD10, IgD, IgM, IgG and CD138 in a total of 48 T. cruzi-infected individuals and 24 healthy controls. Infected individuals had decreased frequencies of CD19+CD27+ cells, which positively correlated with the frequencies of CD4+CD27+ cells. The contraction of CD19+CD27+ cells was comprised of IgG+IgD-, IgM+IgD- and isotype switched IgM-IgD- memory B cells, CD19+CD10+CD27+ B cell precursors and terminally differentiated CD19+CD27+CD138+ plasma cells. Conversely, infected individuals had increased proportions of CD19+IgG+CD27-IgD- memory and CD19+IgM+CD27-IgD+ transitional/naïve B cells. These observations prompted us to assess soluble CD27, a molecule generated by the cleavage of membrane-bound CD27 and used to monitor systemic immune activation. Elevated levels of serum soluble CD27 were observed in infected individuals with Chagas cardiomyopathy, indicating its potentiality as an immunological marker for disease progression in endemic areas. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that chronic T. cruzi infection alters the distribution of various peripheral blood B cell subsets, probably related to the CD4+ T cell deregulation process provoked by the parasite in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban R. Fernández
- Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela C. Olivera
- Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luz P. Quebrada Palacio
- Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela N. González
- Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Hernandez-Vasquez
- Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia María Sirena
- Centro de Enfermedad de Chagas y Patología Regional, Hospital Independencia, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - María L. Morán
- Centro de Enfermedad de Chagas y Patología Regional, Hospital Independencia, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Oscar S. Ledesma Patiño
- Centro de Enfermedad de Chagas y Patología Regional, Hospital Independencia, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Miriam Postan
- Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Rodrigues MM, Ersching J. Neglected tropical diseases, bioinformatics, and vaccines. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:175-7. [PMID: 25070940 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Martins Rodrigues
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
| | - Jonatan Ersching
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
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Tc52 amino-terminal-domain DNA carried by attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium induces protection against a Trypanosoma cruzi lethal challenge. Infect Immun 2014; 82:4265-75. [PMID: 25069980 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02190-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we immunized mice with DNA encoding full-length Tc52 or its amino- or carboxy-terminal (N- and C-term, respectively) domain carried by attenuated Salmonella as a DNA delivery system. As expected, Salmonella-mediated DNA delivery resulted in low antibody titers and a predominantly Th1 response, as shown by the ratio of IgG2a/IgG1-specific antibodies. Despite modest expression of Tc52 in trypomastigotes, the antibodies elicited by vaccination were able to mediate lysis of the trypomastigotes in the presence of complement and inhibit their invasion of mammal cells in vitro. The strongest functional activity was observed with sera from mice immunized with Salmonella carrying the N-term domain (SN-term), followed by Tc52 (STc52), and the C-term domain (SC-term). All immunized groups developed strong cellular responses, with predominant activation of Th1 cells. However, mice immunized with SN-term showed higher levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), counterbalancing the inflammatory reaction, and also strong activation of Tc52-specific gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ(+)) CD8(+) T cells. In agreement with this, although all prototypes conferred protection against infection, immunization with SN-term promoted greater protection than that with SC-term for all parameters tested and slightly better protection than that with STc52, especially in the acute stage of infection. We conclude that the N-terminal domain of Tc52 is the section of the protein that confers maximal protection against infection and propose it as a promising candidate for vaccine development.
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Longhi SA, Atienza A, Perez Prados G, Buying A, Balouz V, Buscaglia CA, Santos R, Tasso LM, Bonato R, Chiale P, Pinilla C, Judkowski VA, Gómez KA. Cytokine production but lack of proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic Chagas' disease cardiomyopathy patients in response to T. cruzi ribosomal P proteins. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2906. [PMID: 24901991 PMCID: PMC4046937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P proteins, P2β and P0, induce high levels of antibodies in patients with chronic Chagas' disease Cardiomyopathy (CCC). It is well known that these antibodies alter the beating rate of cardiomyocytes and provoke apoptosis by their interaction with β1-adrenergic and M2-muscarinic cardiac receptors. Based on these findings, we decided to study the cellular immune response to these proteins in CCC patients compared to non-infected individuals. Methodology/Principal findings We evaluated proliferation, presence of surface activation markers and cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with P2β, the C-terminal portion of P0 (CP0) proteins and T. cruzi lysate from CCC patients predominantly infected with TcVI lineage. PBMC from CCC patients cultured with P2β or CP0 proteins, failed to proliferate and express CD25 and HLA-DR on T cell populations. However, multiplex cytokine assays showed that these antigens triggered higher secretion of IL-10, TNF-α and GM-CSF by PBMC as well as both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells subsets of CCC subjects. Upon T. cruzi lysate stimulation, PBMC from CCC patients not only proliferated but also became activated within the context of Th1 response. Interestingly, T. cruzi lysate was also able to induce the secretion of GM-CSF by CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Conclusions/Significance Our results showed that although the lack of PBMC proliferation in CCC patients in response to ribosomal P proteins, the detection of IL-10, TNF-α and GM-CSF suggests that specific T cells could have both immunoregulatory and pro-inflammatory potential, which might modulate the immune response in Chagas' disease. Furthermore, it was possible to demonstrate for the first time that GM-CSF was produced by PBMC of CCC patients in response not only to recombinant ribosomal P proteins but also to parasite lysate, suggesting the value of this cytokine to evaluate T cells responses in T. cruzi infection. Chronic Chagas' disease Cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the most frequent and severe consequence of the chronic infection by protozoan parasite T. cruzi. Patients with CCC develop high levels of antibodies against ribosomal P proteins of T. cruzi, called P2β and P0. These antibodies can cross-react with, and stimulate, the β1-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic cardiac receptors, inducing a functional and pathological response in cardiomyocytes. In this study, we focused on the cellular immune response developed by CCC patients in response to T. cruzi ribosomal P proteins. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from CCC patients stimulated with both proteins neither proliferated nor induced the expression of activation markers on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, these cells responded by the secretion of IL-10, TNF-α and GM-CSF, giving evidence that there is indeed a pool of specific T cells in the periphery responsive to these proteins. Interestingly, the cytokines profile was not related with those described to whole parasite lysate or other recombinant proteins, suggesting that each parasite protein may contribute differently to the complex immune response developed in patients with Chagas' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A. Longhi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto Atienza
- Hospital General de Agudos J.M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Alcinette Buying
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Virginia Balouz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde”, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Campus UNSAM, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A. Buscaglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde”, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Campus UNSAM, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Radleigh Santos
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Tasso
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Bonato
- Hospital General de Agudos J.M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Chiale
- Hospital General de Agudos J.M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clemencia Pinilla
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Valeria A. Judkowski
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Karina A. Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Lewis MD, Fortes Francisco A, Taylor MC, Burrell-Saward H, McLatchie AP, Miles MA, Kelly JM. Bioluminescence imaging of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infections reveals tissue-specific parasite dynamics and heart disease in the absence of locally persistent infection. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1285-300. [PMID: 24712539 PMCID: PMC4190689 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Summary Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infections lead to cardiomyopathy in 20–30% of cases. A causal link between cardiac infection and pathology has been difficult to establish because of a lack of robust methods to detect scarce, focally distributed parasites within tissues. We developed a highly sensitive bioluminescence imaging system based on T. cruzi expressing a novel luciferase that emits tissue-penetrating orange-red light. This enabled long-term serial evaluation of parasite burdens in individual mice with an in vivo limit of detection of significantly less than 1000 parasites. Parasite distributions during chronic infections were highly focal and spatiotemporally dynamic, but did not localize to the heart. End-point ex vivo bioluminescence imaging allowed tissue-specific quantification of parasite loads with minimal sampling bias. During chronic infections, the gastro-intestinal tract, specifically the colon and stomach, was the only site where T. cruzi infection was consistently observed. Quantitative PCR-inferred parasite loads correlated with ex vivo bioluminescence and confirmed the gut as the parasite reservoir. Chronically infected mice developed myocarditis and cardiac fibrosis, despite the absence of locally persistent parasites. These data identify the gut as a permissive niche for long-term T. cruzi infection and show that canonical features of Chagas disease can occur without continual myocardium-specific infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lewis
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Decreased level of antibodies and cardiac involvement in patients with chronic Chagas heart disease vaccinated with BCG. Med Microbiol Immunol 2013; 203:133-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-013-0326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Vicco MH, Pujato N, Bontempi I, Rodeles L, Marcipar I, Bottasso OA. β1-selective adrenoceptor antagonists increase plasma levels of anti-p2β antibodies and decrease cardiac involvement in chronic progressive Chagas heart disease. Can J Cardiol 2013; 30:332-7. [PMID: 24370375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies indicate that antibodies cross-reacting with cardiac β1 adrenergic receptors are likely to play a role in the development of chronic Chagas heart disease (CCHD). In parallel, clinical trials have shown that β1 antagonist drugs exert beneficial effects in the prognosis of patients with CCHD. In a group of patients with CCHD undergoing therapy with β1-blockers, we have now evaluated the levels of anti-p2β antibodies and the severity of CCHD. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study in Trypanosoma cruzi seropositive patients categorized according to a standard CCHD classification. All individuals were subjected to a complete clinical examination. RESULTS There was no association between CCHD stages, electrocardiographic conduction disturbances, and echocardiogram pathological signs with the levels of autoantibodies. However, when patients were analyzed according to selective cardio-β1-blocker therapy, those receiving treatment had higher levels of anti-p2β. Patients from CCHD stage III treated with combined therapy of cardio-β1-selective blockers, enalapril, and statins, presented decreased cardiac involvement and lower score of risk of mortality than individuals from the same group who were not treated. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that selective cardio-β1-blockers might modify the autoantibody anti-p2β levels, and that combined therapy in patients with stage III CCHD might be associated with lower cardiac involvement and risk score of mortality in patients with heart failure. Longitudinal studies will help to ascertain the proper role of β1-blockers in the immunopathological processes underlying chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel H Vicco
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital J.B. Iturraspe, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Nazarena Pujato
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván Bontempi
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luz Rodeles
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital J.B. Iturraspe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Oscar A Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Morrot A. The Role of Sialic Acid-Binding Receptors (Siglecs) in the Immunomodulatory Effects of Trypanosoma cruzi Sialoglycoproteins on the Protective Immunity of the Host. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:965856. [PMID: 24455435 PMCID: PMC3885277 DOI: 10.1155/2013/965856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is an important endemic infection in Latin America. Lately, it has also become a health concern in the United States and Europe. Most of the immunomodulatory mechanisms associated with this parasitic infection have been attributed to mucin-like molecules on the T. cruzi surface. Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins that are involved in regulating diverse cellular activities in both normal and pathological conditions. In Trypanosoma cruzi infection, the parasite-derived mucins are the main acceptors of sialic acid and it has been suggested that they play a role in various host-parasite interactions during the course of Chagas disease. Recently, we have presented evidence that sialylation of the mucins is required for the inhibitory effects on CD4(+) T cells. In what follows we propose that signaling via sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin receptors for these highly sialylated structures on host cells contributes to the arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase and may allow the parasite to modulate the immune system of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morrot
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Sala D1-035, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21.941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Deng X, Sabino EC, Cunha-Neto E, Ribeiro AL, Ianni B, Mady C, Busch MP, Seielstad M, Component I. Genome wide association study (GWAS) of Chagas cardiomyopathy in Trypanosoma cruzi seropositive subjects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79629. [PMID: 24324551 PMCID: PMC3854669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial aggregation of Chagas cardiac disease in T. cruzi-infected persons suggests that human genetic variation may be an important determinant of disease progression. OBJECTIVE To perform a GWAS using a well-characterized cohort to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with cardiac outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was developed by the NHLBI REDS-II program in Brazil. Samples were collected from 499 T. cruzi seropositive blood donors who had donated between 1996 and 2002, and 101 patients with clinically diagnosed Chagas cardiomyopathy. In 2008-2010, all subjects underwent a complete medical examination. After genotype calling, quality control filtering with exclusion of 20 cases, and imputation of 1,000 genomes variants; association analysis was performed for 7 cardiac and parasite related traits, adjusting for population stratification. RESULTS The cohort showed a wide range of African, European, and modest Native American admixture proportions, consistent with the recent history of Brazil. No SNPs were found to be highly (P<10(-8)) associated with cardiomyopathy. The two mostly highly associated SNPs for cardiomyopathy (rs4149018 and rs12582717; P-values <10(-6)) are located on Chromosome 12p12.2 in the SLCO1B1 gene, a solute carrier family member. We identified 44 additional genic SNPs associated with six traits at P-value <10(-6): Ejection Fraction, PR, QRS, QT intervals, antibody levels by EIA, and parasitemia by PCR. CONCLUSION This GWAS identified suggestive SNPs that may impact the risk of progression to cardiomyopathy. Although this Chagas cohort is the largest examined by GWAS to date, (580 subjects), moderate sample size may explain in part the limited number of significant SNP variants. Enlarging the current sample through expanded cohorts and meta-analyses, and targeted studies of candidate genes, will be required to confirm and extend the results reported here. Future studies should also include exposed seronegative controls to investigate genetic associations with susceptibility or resistance to T. cruzi infection and non-Chagas cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Deng
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ester C. Sabino
- Department of Infectious Disease/Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor)/Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology/Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Ribeiro
- Hospital das Clínicas and Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Barbara Ianni
- Cardiomyopathy Unit of the Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles Mady
- Cardiomyopathy Unit of the Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Seielstad
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Viotti R, Alarcón de Noya B, Araujo-Jorge T, Grijalva MJ, Guhl F, López MC, Ramsey JM, Ribeiro I, Schijman AG, Sosa-Estani S, Torrico F, Gascon J. Towards a paradigm shift in the treatment of chronic Chagas disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:635-9. [PMID: 24247135 PMCID: PMC3910900 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01662-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for Chagas disease with currently available medications is recommended universally only for acute cases (all ages) and for children up to 14 years old. The World Health Organization, however, also recommends specific antiparasite treatment for all chronic-phase Trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals, even though in current medical practice this remains controversial, and most physicians only prescribe palliative treatment for adult Chagas patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The present opinion, prepared by members of the NHEPACHA network (Nuevas Herramientas para el Diagnóstico y la Evaluación del Paciente con Enfermedad de Chagas/New Tools for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Chagas Disease Patients), reviews the paradigm shift based on clinical and immunological evidence and argues in favor of antiparasitic treatment for all chronic patients. We review the tools needed to monitor therapeutic efficacy and the potential criteria for evaluation of treatment efficacy beyond parasitological cure. Etiological treatment should now be mandatory for all adult chronic Chagas disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Viotti
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos (HIGA) Eva Perón, Sección Chagas, Servicio de Cardiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B. Alarcón de Noya
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela (IMT-UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - T. Araujo-Jorge
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz—Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-IOC), Programa Integrado de Doença de Chagas, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Río de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M. J. Grijalva
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (CIEI-PUCE), Quito, Ecuador, and Tropical Disease Institute, Ohio University (TDI-OU), Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - F. Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Universidad de los Andes (UA-CIMPAT), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M. C. López
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - J. M. Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP-INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - I. Ribeiro
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. G. Schijman
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. Sosa-Estani
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben (INP)-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F. Torrico
- Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS), Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - J. Gascon
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Valoración de anticuerpos con reactividad cruzada patógeno-huésped en pacientes con diferentes estadios de cardiopatía chagásica crónica. Rev Esp Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vicco MH, Ferini F, Rodeles L, Cardona P, Bontempi I, Lioi S, Beloscar J, Nara T, Marcipar I, Bottasso OA. Assessment of cross-reactive host-pathogen antibodies in patients with different stages of chronic Chagas disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:791-6. [PMID: 24773859 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Trypanosoma cruzi infection has been shown to induce humoral autoimmune responses against host antigens tissues. Particularly, antibodies cross-reacting with myocardial antigens may play a role in the development of the severe forms of chronic Chagas disease. The aim of this study was to determine the association between clinical stage of the disease and the presence of autoantibodies in patients with chronic Chagasic disease. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study in T. cruzi-seropositive patients divided into 3 groups according to the classic classification of chronic Chagas heart of Storino et al. All participants underwent complete clinical examination and their sera were used to measure autoantibody levels. RESULTS All patients had detectable levels of anti-p2β and anti-B13 autoantibodies but none had anti-Na-K-ATPase antibodies. No association was observed between electrocardiographic conduction disturbances and autoantibody levels. Patients with chronic Chagas disease stage III had the highest levels of anti-B13 antibodies and a high risk of mortality score, showing a clear association between disease stage and this score. CONCLUSIONS Anti-B13 antibodies were significantly higher in chronic Chagas disease stage III patients, suggesting that these antibodies may be involved in disease progression and that they might be a useful marker of poor prognosis in terms of heart compromise. Our results also reveal an important correlation between the level of anti-B13 autoantibodies and symptomatic heart failure and/or dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel H Vicco
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital J.B. Iturraspe, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Franco Ferini
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital J.B. Iturraspe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luz Rodeles
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital J.B. Iturraspe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paula Cardona
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván Bontempi
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana Lioi
- Cátedra de Química Analítica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Juan Beloscar
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Carrera de Especialización en Cardiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Takeshi Nara
- Departamento de Parasitología Celular y Molecular, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Juntendo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Oscar A Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Bernabó G, Levy G, Ziliani M, Caeiro LD, Sánchez DO, Tekiel V. TcTASV-C, a protein family in Trypanosoma cruzi that is predominantly trypomastigote-stage specific and secreted to the medium. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71192. [PMID: 23923058 PMCID: PMC3726618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the several multigene families codified by the genome of T. cruzi, the TcTASV family was the latest discovered. The TcTASV (Trypomastigote, Alanine, Serine, Valine) family is composed of ∼40 members, with conserved carboxi- and amino-termini but with a variable central core. According to the length and sequence of the central region the family is split into 3 subfamilies. The TcTASV family is conserved in the genomes of – at least – lineages TcI and TcVI and has no orthologues in other trypanosomatids. In the present work we focus on the study of the TcTASV-C subfamily, composed by 16 genes in the CL Brener strain. We determined that TcTASV-C is preferentially expressed in trypomastigotes, but it is not a major component of the parasite. Both immunoflourescence and flow cytometry experiments indicated that TcTASV-C has a clonal expression, i.e. it is not expressed by all the parasites of a certain population at the same time. We also determined that TcTASV-C is phosphorylated and glycosylated. TASV-C is attached to the parasite surface by a GPI anchor and is shed spontaneously into the medium. About 30% of sera from infected hosts reacted with TcTASV-C, confirming its exposition to the immune system. Its superficial localization and secretory nature suggest a possible role in host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bernabó
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas – Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomus (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Levy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas – Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomus (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Ziliani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas – Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomus (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas D. Caeiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas – Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomus (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel O. Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas – Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomus (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tekiel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas – Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomus (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Haberland A, Munoz Saravia SG, Wallukat G, Ziebig R, Schimke I. Chronic Chagas disease: from basics to laboratory medicine. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:271-94. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Chagas cardiomyopathy is the most severe and life-threatening manifestation of human Chagas disease--a 'neglected' tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease is endemic in all continental Latin American countries, but has become a worldwide problem because of migration of infected individuals to developed countries, mainly in Europe and North America. Chagas cardiomyopathy results from the combined effects of persistent parasitism, parasite-driven tissue inflammation, microvascular and neurogenic dysfunction, and autoimmune responses triggered by the infection. Clinical presentation varies widely according to the extent of myocardial damage, and manifests mainly as three basic syndromes that can coexist in an individual patient: heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, and thromboembolism. NYHA functional class, left ventricular systolic function, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia are important prognostic markers of the risk of death. Management of Chagas cardiomyopathy focuses on the treatment of the three main syndromes. The use of β-blockers in patients with Chagas disease and heart failure is safe, well tolerated, and should be encouraged. Most specialists and international institutions now recommend specific antitrypanosomal treatment of patients with chronic Chagas disease, even in the absence of evidence obtained from randomized clinical trials. Further research on the management of patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy is necessary.
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