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Petersen SI, Okolicsanyi RK, Haupt LM. Exploring Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Mediators of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Neurogenesis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:30. [PMID: 38546765 PMCID: PMC10978659 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are major public health issues worldwide, with over 38 million people living with AD and approximately 48 million people (27-69 million) experiencing TBI annually. Neurodegenerative conditions are characterised by the accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) and microtubule-associated protein Tau (Tau) with current treatments focused on managing symptoms rather than addressing the underlying cause. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are a diverse family of macromolecules that interact with various proteins and ligands and promote neurogenesis, a process where new neural cells are formed from stem cells. The syndecan (SDC) and glypican (GPC) HSPGs have been implicated in AD pathogenesis, acting as drivers of disease, as well as potential therapeutic targets. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) provide an attractive therapeutic option for studying and potentially treating neurodegenerative diseases due to their relative ease of isolation and subsequent extensive in vitro expansive potential. Understanding how HSPGs regulate protein aggregation, a key feature of neurodegenerative disorders, is essential to unravelling the underlying disease processes of AD and TBI, as well as any link between these two neurological disorders. Further research may validate HSPG, specifically SDCs or GPCs, use as neurodegenerative disease targets, either via driving hMSC stem cell therapy or direct targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia I Petersen
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Rachel K Okolicsanyi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Australia.
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices, Kelvin Grove, Australia.
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2
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Franco CN, Noe MM, Albrecht LV. Metabolism and Endocrine Disorders: What Wnt Wrong? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:887037. [PMID: 35600583 PMCID: PMC9120667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.887037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in cell biology underlies how nutrients are regenerated to maintain and renew tissues. Physiologically, the canonical Wnt signaling is a vital pathway for cell growth, tissue remodeling, and organ formation; pathologically, Wnt signaling contributes to the development of myriad human diseases such as cancer. Despite being the focus of intense research, how Wnt intersects with the metabolic networks to promote tissue growth and remodeling has remained mysterious. Our understanding of metabolism has been revolutionized by technological advances in the fields of chemical biology, metabolomics, and live microscopy that have now made it possible to visualize and manipulate metabolism in living cells and tissues. The application of these toolsets to innovative model systems have propelled the Wnt field into new realms at the forefront answering the most pressing paradigms of cell metabolism in health and disease states. Elucidating the basis of Wnt signaling and metabolism in a cell-type and tissue-specific manner will provide a powerful base of knowledge for both basic biomedical fields and clinician scientists, and has the promise to generate new, transformative therapies in disease and even processes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N. Franco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - May M. Noe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lauren V. Albrecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Horcharoensuk P, Yang-en S, Narkwichean A, Rungsiwiwut R. Proline-based solution maintains cell viability and stemness of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells after hypothermic storage. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264773. [PMID: 35231072 PMCID: PMC8887718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transportation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under hypothermic conditions in 0.9% normal saline solution (NSS) might increase cell death and alter the stemness of MSCs. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of proline-based solution (PL-BS) on cell viability and the stemness of newly established canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) under hypothermic conditions. Characterized cAD-MSCs were stored in 1, 10, and 100 mM PL-BS or NSS at 4°C for 6, 9, and 12 hours prior to an evaluation. The results demonstrated that storage in 1 mM PL-BS for 6 hours decreased cell apoptosis and proliferation ability, but improved cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential. cAD-MSCs maintained their high expression of CD44 and CD90, but had a low expression of CD34 and MHC class II. Trilineage differentiation ability of cAD-MSCs was not affected by storage in 1 mM PL-BS. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that immunomodulatory genes, including IDO, HGF, PGE-2, and IL-6, were upregulated in cAD-MSCs stored in 1 mM PL-BS. In conclusion, PL-BS can be effectively applied for storing cAD-MSCs under hypothermic conditions. These findings provide a new solution for effective handling of cAD-MSCs which might be promising for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunantha Yang-en
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amarin Narkwichean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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de Winter TJJ, Nusse R. Running Against the Wnt: How Wnt/β-Catenin Suppresses Adipogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:627429. [PMID: 33634128 PMCID: PMC7900430 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.627429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes and reside in various tissues, including bone marrow and adipose tissue. The differentiation choices of MSCs are controlled by several signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. When MSCs undergo adipogenesis, they first differentiate into preadipocytes, a proliferative adipocyte precursor cell, after which they undergo terminal differentiation into mature adipocytes. These two steps are controlled by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, in such a way that when signaling is abrogated, the next step in adipocyte differentiation can start. This sequence suggests that the main role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is to suppress differentiation while increasing MSC and preadipocytes cell mass. During later steps of MSC differentiation, however, active Wnt signaling can promote osteogenesis instead of keeping the MSCs undifferentiated and proliferative. The exact mechanisms behind the various functions of Wnt signaling remain elusive, although recent research has revealed that during lineage commitment of MSCs into preadipocytes, Wnt signaling is inactivated by endogenous Wnt inhibitors. In part, this process is regulated by histone-modifying enzymes, which can lead to increased or decreased Wnt gene expression. The role of Wnt in adipogenesis, as well as in osteogenesis, has implications for metabolic diseases since Wnt signaling may serve as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twan J J de Winter
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roeland Nusse
- Department of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, United States.,School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Cardiac Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Released in the Presence or Absence of Inflammatory Cues Support Angiogenesis in Different Manners. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246363. [PMID: 31861211 PMCID: PMC6940836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) to communicate in a paracrine manner with other cells, and thereby influence processes, such as angiogenesis. The conditioned medium of human cardiac-derived adherent proliferating (CardAP) cells was recently shown to enhance angiogenesis. To elucidate whether their released EVs are involved, we isolated them by differential centrifugation from the conditioned medium derived either in the presence or absence of a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail. Murine recipient cells internalized CardAP-EVs as determined by an intracellular detection of human proteins, such as CD63, by a novel flow cytometry method for studying EV–cell interaction. Moreover, endothelial cells treated for 24 h with either unstimulated or cytokine stimulated CardAP-EVs exhibited a higher tube formation capability on Matrigel. Interestingly, unstimulated CardAP-EVs caused endothelial cells to release significantly more vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin (IL)-6, while cytokine stimulated CardAP-EVs significantly enhanced the release of IL-6 and IL-8. By nCounter® miRNA expression assay (NanoString Technologies) we identified microRNA 302d-3p to be enhanced in unstimulated CardAP-EVs compared to their cytokine stimulated counterparts, which was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This study demonstrates that both CardAP-EVs are pro-angiogenic by inducing different factors from endothelial cells. This would allow to select potent targets for a safe and efficient therapeutic application.
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Wu Z, Liang S, Kuai W, Hu L, Qian A. MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs: new regulators in cell fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37300-37311. [PMID: 35542270 PMCID: PMC9075730 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06563f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are able to differentiate into numerous cell types, including well-known inherent osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, and other cell types, such as hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes and nerve cells. They have become a favorite source of cell-based therapy. Therefore, knowing the mechanism that determines the cell fate of MSCs is important not only for deep understanding of the MSC function but also for the manipulation of MSCs for clinical application. Recently, studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), the two best studied noncoding RNAs, show key roles in cell fate determination of MSCs by functioning as vital regulators of their target gene expression or signaling transduction. Here, we summarize the characteristics of miRNAs and lncRNAs, and review the recent advances proving their profound involvement in determining the cell fate of MSCs to inherent osteoblast, adipocyte, and chondrocyte cells, and to several key cell types including hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes and nerve cells. This will provide researchers with a deep understanding of the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in MSCs and provide guidance for future research. The recent advances of miRNAs and lncRNAs in determining the cell fate of MSCs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Wu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Shujing Liang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Wenyu Kuai
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Lifang Hu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
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Direct Control of Stem Cell Behavior Using Biomaterials and Genetic Factors. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8642989. [PMID: 29861745 PMCID: PMC5971247 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8642989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have recently emerged as an important candidate for cell therapy. However, some major limitations still exist such as a small quantity of cell supply, senescence, and insufficient differentiation efficiency. Therefore, there is an unmet need to control stem cell behavior for better clinical performance. Since native microenvironment factors including stem cell niche, genetic factors, and growth factors direct stem cell fate cooperatively, user-specified in vitro settings are required to understand the regulatory roles and effects of each factor, thereby applying the factors for improved cell therapy. Among others, various types of biomaterials and transfection method have been employed as key tools for development of the in vitro settings. This review focuses on the current strategies to improve stemness maintenance, direct differentiation, and reprogramming using biomaterials and genetic factors without any aids from additional biochemicals and growth factors.
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Lee SH, Lee Y, Chun YW, Crowder SW, Young PP, Park KD, Sung HJ. In Situ Crosslinkable Gelatin Hydrogels for Vasculogenic Induction and Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2014; 24:6771-6781. [PMID: 26327818 PMCID: PMC4551405 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201401110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for severe vascular diseases have highlighted the need to effectively engraft cells and promote pro-angiogenic activity. A functional material accomplishing these two goals is an ideal solution as spatiotemporal and batch-to-batch variability in classical therapeutic delivery can be minimized, and tissue regeneration would begin rapidly at the implantation site. Gelatin may serve as a promising biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-immuno/antigenicity. However, the dissolution of gelatin at body temperature and quick enzymatic degradation in vivo have limited its use thus far. To overcome these challenges, an injectable, in situ crosslinkable gelatin was developed by conjugating enzymatically-crosslinkable hydroxyphenyl propionic acid (GHPA). When MSCs are cultured in 3D in vitro or injected in vivo in GHPA, spontaneous endothelial differentiation occurs, as evidenced by marked increases in endothlelial cell marker expressions (Flk1, Tie2, ANGPT1, vWF) in addition to forming an extensive perfusable vascular network after 2-week subcutaneous implantation. Additionally, favorable host macrophage response is achieved with GHPA as shown by decreased iNOS and increased MRC1 expression. These results indicate GHPA as a promising soluble factor-free cell delivery template which induces endothelial differentiation of MSCs with robust neovasculature formation and favorable host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Hyun Lee
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235 USA
| | - Yunki Lee
- Dept. of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749 South Korea
| | - Young Wook Chun
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235 USA
| | - Spencer W. Crowder
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235 USA
| | - Pampee P. Young
- Dept. of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | - Ki Dong Park
- Dept. of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749 South Korea
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235 USA
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Cutaneous wound healing: recruiting developmental pathways for regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:2059-81. [PMID: 23052205 PMCID: PMC3663196 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Following a skin injury, the damaged tissue is repaired through the coordinated biological actions that constitute the cutaneous healing response. In mammals, repaired skin is not identical to intact uninjured skin, however, and this disparity may be caused by differences in the mechanisms that regulate postnatal cutaneous wound repair compared to embryonic skin development. Improving our understanding of the molecular pathways that are involved in these processes is essential to generate new therapies for wound healing complications. Here we focus on the roles of several key developmental signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, Hedgehog, Notch) in mammalian cutaneous wound repair, and compare this to their function in skin development. We discuss the varying responses to cutaneous injury across the taxa, ranging from complete regeneration to scar tissue formation. Finally, we outline how research into the role of developmental pathways during skin repair has contributed to current wound therapies, and holds potential for the development of more effective treatments.
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