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Choi ME, Yoo H, Lee HR, Moon IJ, Lee WJ, Song Y, Chang SE. Carvedilol, an Adrenergic Blocker, Suppresses Melanin Synthesis by Inhibiting the cAMP/CREB Signaling Pathway in Human Melanocytes and Ex Vivo Human Skin Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228796. [PMID: 33233731 PMCID: PMC7699935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamines function via G protein-coupled receptors, triggering an increase in intracellular levels of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in various cells. Catecholamine biosynthesis and the β-adrenergic receptor exist in melanocytes; thus, catecholamines may play critical roles in skin pigmentation. However, their action and mechanisms mediating melanogenesis in human skin have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we examined the potential anti-melanogenetic effect of carvedilol, a nonselective β-blocker with weak α1-blocking activities. Carvedilol reduced melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity without compromising cellular viability in normal human melanocytes as well as in mel-Ab immortalized mouse melanocytes. Carvedilol downregulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2. Carvedilol treatment led to the downregulation of phosphor-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Moreover, the increase in cAMP levels upon treatment with forskolin reversed the anti-melanogenic action of carvedilol. In addition, carvedilol remarkably reduced the melanin index in ultraviolet-irradiated human skin cultures. Taken together, our results indicate that carvedilol effectively suppresses melanogenesis in human melanocytes and ex vivo human skin by inhibiting cAMP/protein kinase A/CREB signaling. The anti-melanogenic effects of carvedilol have potential significance for skin whitening agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Eun Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (M.E.C.); (H.Y.); (I.J.M.); (W.J.L.)
| | - Hanju Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (M.E.C.); (H.Y.); (I.J.M.); (W.J.L.)
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology (BMIT), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 05505, Korea;
| | - Ha-Ri Lee
- Bio-Medical Institute of Technology (BMIT), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 05505, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Ik Joon Moon
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (M.E.C.); (H.Y.); (I.J.M.); (W.J.L.)
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (M.E.C.); (H.Y.); (I.J.M.); (W.J.L.)
| | - Youngsup Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (S.E.C.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-2089 (Y.S.); +82-2-3010-3460 (S.E.C.)
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (M.E.C.); (H.Y.); (I.J.M.); (W.J.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (S.E.C.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-2089 (Y.S.); +82-2-3010-3460 (S.E.C.)
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Mugabo Y, Lim GE. Scaffold Proteins: From Coordinating Signaling Pathways to Metabolic Regulation. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3615-3630. [PMID: 30204866 PMCID: PMC6180900 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Among their pleiotropic functions, scaffold proteins are required for the accurate coordination of signaling pathways. It has only been within the past 10 years that their roles in glucose homeostasis and metabolism have emerged. It is well appreciated that changes in the expression or function of signaling effectors, such as receptors or kinases, can influence the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. However, little is known regarding whether scaffolds have similar roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. In general, scaffolds are often underappreciated in the context of metabolism or metabolic diseases. In the present review, we discuss various scaffold proteins and their involvement in signaling pathways related to metabolism and metabolic diseases. The aims of the present review were to highlight the importance of scaffold proteins and to raise awareness of their physiological contributions. A thorough understanding of how scaffolds influence metabolism could aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches to treat chronic conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, for which the incidence of all continue to increase at alarming rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Mugabo
- Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche de Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gareth E Lim
- Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche de Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Sjöstrand D, Diamanti R, Lundgren CAK, Wiseman B, Högbom M. A rapid expression and purification condition screening protocol for membrane protein structural biology. Protein Sci 2017; 26:1653-1666. [PMID: 28543736 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins control a large number of vital biological processes and are often medically important-not least as drug targets. However, membrane proteins are generally more difficult to work with than their globular counterparts, and as a consequence comparatively few high-resolution structures are available. In any membrane protein structure project, a lot of effort is usually spent on obtaining a pure and stable protein preparation. The process commonly involves the expression of several constructs and homologs, followed by extraction in various detergents. This is normally a time-consuming and highly iterative process since only one or a few conditions can be tested at a time. In this article, we describe a rapid screening protocol in a 96-well format that largely mimics standard membrane protein purification procedures, but eliminates the ultracentrifugation and membrane preparation steps. Moreover, we show that the results are robustly translatable to large-scale production of detergent-solubilized protein for structural studies. We have applied this protocol to 60 proteins from an E. coli membrane protein library, in order to find the optimal expression, solubilization and purification conditions for each protein. With guidance from the obtained screening data, we have also performed successful large-scale purifications of several of the proteins. The protocol provides a rapid, low cost solution to one of the major bottlenecks in structural biology, making membrane protein structures attainable even for the small laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sjöstrand
- Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Riccardo Diamanti
- Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Camilla A K Lundgren
- Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Wiseman
- Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Martin Högbom
- Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
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Ghanemi A, Boubertakh B. Shorter and sturdier bridges between traditional Chinese medicines and modern pharmacology. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 23:330-2. [PMID: 26106282 PMCID: PMC4475857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming 650223, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Besma Boubertakh
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Mirza N, Appleton R, Burn S, Carr D, Crooks D, du Plessis D, Duncan R, Farah JO, Josan V, Miyajima F, Mohanraj R, Shukralla A, Sills GJ, Marson AG, Pirmohamed M. Identifying the biological pathways underlying human focal epilepsy: from complexity to coherence to centrality. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4306-16. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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