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Yous F, Zaabar S, Aoun O, Adjeroud-Abdellatif N, Madani K. Comparative mapping approach of energy intake and expenditure of obesity prevalence among school adolescents. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:397-407. [PMID: 34024547 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in an obesogenic environment among adolescents in the wilaya of Bejaia (eastern Algeria), and to assess their Physical Activity Level (PAL), Daily Energy Expenditure (DEE) and Total Energy Intake (TEI). METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 3038 adolescents consisting of 1635 girls and 1403 boys in middle and high schools in 19 regions of Bejaia. The average age was 14.78 ± 2.53. Two questionnaires were assigned to collect data on their nutritional habits (24-h dietary call) and physical activity levels. BMI measurement was adopted in this study to determine the weight status of this sample and to assess the distribution of BMI, PAL, DEE, TEI over geographical areas of an administrative territory using the Student test descriptive statistical method (p < 0.05). RESULTS The prevalence of obesity and overweight was equal to 3.3%, the physical activity level in adolescents was 1.72 ± 0.21, with boys more likely to participate in sports than girls (16.5% for boys and 6% for girls). However, energy intake (3775.44 ± 719.07 kcal/day), energy expenditure (3144.13 ± 850.54 kcal) and body mass index (30.51 ± 2.99 kg/m2) were high. Body mass index (BMI) is negatively correlated with PAL (r = -0.05) and positively correlated with TEI (r = 0.31) and DEE (r = 0.30), these results show that DEE and TEI factors play an important role in the prevalence of BMI with excessive consumption of high carbohydrate (614.55 g) and fat (98.9 g) foods, which is due to poor diet and are related to insufficient level of physical activity. The mapping shows that there is a disparity between the studied parameters: high BMI, low PAL and consumption of unhealthy foods (DEE, TEI). CONCLUSION The lack of physical activity and the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure are the main factors that could lead to an increased risk of obesity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Yous
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie.
| | - Salim Zaabar
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Omar Aoun
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie; Département de Microbiologie et de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, University of M'sila, 28000, M'sila, Algérie
| | - Nawel Adjeroud-Abdellatif
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Khodir Madani
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agro-alimentaires. Route de Targua Ouzemmour, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie
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Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are natural and economically valuable aromatic compounds obtained from a variety of crops and trees, including forest trees, which have different therapeutic and biological activities. This project aims to assess the impact of different residual forest biomass pretreatments on the yield and the properties of EOs, including their antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics. Forest biomass from black spruce (BS, Picea mariana Mill.), balsam fir (BF, Abies balsamea), and jack pine (JP, Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was processed mechanically by (i) shredding, (ii) grinding, (iii) pelletizing, and (iv) bundling. EOs were then extracted by hydro- and steam distillation. The densification into bundles was found to improve EOs yield compared to the other residual forest biomass pretreatments. For example, the yield of bundled BF was improved by 68%, 83%, and 93% compared to shredded, ground, and granulated biomass, respectively. The highest yield was obtained when densification into bundles was combined with extraction through hydrodistillation. As for EOs’ chemical composition, JP had the highest polyphenol content and consequently the greatest antioxidant activity. EOs derived from BS inhibited the growth of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Gram-negative Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli bacteria. The densification of forest biomass into bundles did not affect the antioxidant capacity or the antibacterial activity of EOs, thereby preserving both properties. Thus, the pretreatment of forest biomass residue could have an impact on the volume and the transport costs and therefore improve the bioproducts market and the bioeconomy in Canada.
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Wee BS, Bulgiba A, Ruzita AT, Ismail MN, Poh BK. Pedometer-determined physical activity among primary schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2010105818823784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to objectively measure physical activity and its association with sociodemographic factors among Malaysian primary school-age children. Methods: A total of 111 primary school children in Kuala Lumpur were selected through random sampling. Activity pattern was determined using pedometers and differences by sex, ethnicity and body mass index categories were analysed. The relationship between pedometer-determined physical activity and sociodemographic factors were also studied. Results: Overall, boys attained significantly higher daily step counts than girls (9573 ± 4145 vs 7313 ± 2697). Significant difference in daily step counts between boys and girls were observed during weekdays ( p<0.01), weekends ( p<0.05) and total mean step counts ( p<0.01). Malay ethnicity showed higher daily step counts during weekdays than weekends ( p<0.05). Compared with boys, girls had higher odds (OR=5.58; 95% CI 1.12, 27.77) of not meeting the recommended daily step counts. Those who had low physical activity levels had higher odds (OR=15.75; 95% CI 1.78, 139.33) of not meeting recommended daily step counts than children who had moderate physical activity level. Conclusion: Boys were significantly more active than girls and physical activity was greater during weekdays than on weekends. The primary schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur were sedentary, with minimum physical activity being observed. Differences in sexes and physical activity levels influenced pedometer step counts in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Suan Wee
- Centre for Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Abd. Talib Ruzita
- Centre for Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Noor Ismail
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Leisure Management, Taylor’s University, Malaysia
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Centre for Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Wong JE, Parikh P, Poh BK, Deurenberg P. Physical Activity of Malaysian Primary School Children. Asia Pac J Public Health 2016; 28:35S-46S. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539516650726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the physical activity of primary school children according to sociodemographic characteristics and activity domains. Using the Malaysian South East Asian Nutrition Surveys data, 1702 children aged 7 to 12 years were included in the analysis. Physical activity was reported as a total score and categorized into low, medium, and high levels based on Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children. Higher overall activity scores were found in boys, younger age, non-Chinese ethnicity, and normal body mass index category. Sex, age, and ethnicity differences were found in structured or organized, physical education, and outside-of-school domain scores. Transport-related scores differed by age group, ethnicity, household income, and residential areas but not among the three physical activity levels. Participation of girls, Chinese, and older children were low in overall and almost all activity domains. Sociodemographic characteristics are important factors to consider in increasing the different domains of physical activity among Malaysian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh Eiin Wong
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Bee Koon Poh
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chen CY, Kao CC, Hsu HY, Wang RH, Hsu SH. The Efficacy of a Family-Based Intervention Program on Childhood Obesity: A Quasi-Experimental Design. Biol Res Nurs 2015; 17:510-20. [PMID: 25589085 DOI: 10.1177/1099800414565815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to assess the efficacy of a family-based (FB) weight-loss and behavior-modification intervention among overweight/obese children (age 9-11 years) and their parents in Taiwan. The intervention group (52 child-parent dyads) participated in an FB program for 7 weeks. The control group (55 child-parent dyads) received an educational pamphlet about obesity prevention. The children's body mass index (BMI) z-scores were the primary outcome variable. The parents' BMI, high-calorie (HC) food-intake behaviors, screen-related behaviors, and restrictions on children's consumption of HC foods and screen-related behaviors and the availability of HC foods at home were the secondary outcome variables. Outcome variables were measured at baseline (T0), at the end of the intervention (T1), and 4 weeks after the end of the intervention (T2). A linear mixed model was used to assess the efficacy of the FB program. Results indicated that the children's BMI z-scores decreased significantly more from T0 to T2 in the experimental group than in the control group. The decreases in parents' HC food-intake behaviors and availability of HC foods at home and the increase in parental restrictions on children's consumption of HC foods were significantly greater in the experimental than in the control group from T0 to T1 and T0 to T2. The FB program was effective in modifying parental behaviors and the weight of overweight/obese children in a Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Chen
- Administration Division, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chai-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chan Kao
- Department of Healthcare Administration, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yueh Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hsia Wang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hua Hsu
- Nursing Department, Chien-Yu Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Su TT, Sim PY, Nahar AM, Majid HA, Murray LJ, Cantwell MM, Al-Sadat N, Jalaludin MY. Association between self-reported physical activity and indicators of body composition in Malaysian adolescents. Prev Med 2014; 67:100-5. [PMID: 25016043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and lack of physical activity are fast becoming a concern among Malaysian adolescents. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess physical activity levels among Malaysian adolescents and investigate the association between physical activity levels and body composition such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage of body fat. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 1361 school-going 13 year old multi-ethnic adolescents from population representative samples in Malaysia were involved in our study. Self-reported physical activity levels were assessed using the validated Malay version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Height, weight, body fat composition and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Data collection period was from March to May 2012. RESULTS 10.8% of the males and 7.4% of the females were obese according to the International Obesity Task Force standards. A majority of the adolescents (63.9%) were physically inactive. There is a weak but significant correlation between physical activity scores and the indicators of obesity. The adjusted coefficient for body fatness was relatively more closely correlated to physical activity scores followed by waist circumference and lastly BMI. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that high physical activity scores were associated with the decreased precursor risk factors of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Tin Su
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
| | - Pei Ying Sim
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Mohamed Nahar
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen Abd Majid
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Liam J Murray
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Marie M Cantwell
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nabilla Al-Sadat
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
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Zhou Z, Ren H, Yin Z, Wang L, Wang K. A policy-driven multifaceted approach for early childhood physical fitness promotion: impacts on body composition and physical fitness in young Chinese children. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14:118. [PMID: 24886119 PMCID: PMC4108008 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity increased while certain measures of physical fitness deteriorated in preschool children in China over the past decade. This study tested the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention that integrated childcare center, families, and community to promote healthy growth and physical fitness in preschool Chinese children. METHODS This 12-month study was conducted using a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design with comparison group. The participants were 357 children (mean age = 4.5 year) enrolled in three grade levels in two childcare centers in Beijing, China. The intervention included: 1) childcare center intervention (physical activity policy changes, teacher training, physical education curriculum and food services training), 2) family intervention (parent education, internet website for support, and family events), and 3) community intervention (playground renovation and community health promotion events). The study outcome measures included body composition (percent body fat, fat mass, and muscle mass), Body Mass Index (BMI) and BMI z-score and physical fitness scores in 20-meter agility run (20M-AR), broad jump for distance (BJ), timed 10-jumps, tennis ball throwing (TBT), sit and reach (SR), balance beam walk (BBW), 20-meter crawl (20M-C)), 30-meter sprint (30M-S)) from a norm referenced test. Measures of process evaluation included monitoring of children's physical activity (activity time and intensity) and food preparation records, and fidelity of intervention protocol implementation. RESULTS Children in the intervention center significantly lowered their body fat percent (-1.2%, p < 0.0001), fat mass (-0.55 kg, p <0.0001), and body weight (0.36 kg, p <0.02) and increased muscle mass (0.48 kg, p <0.0001), compared to children in the control center. They also improved all measures of physical fitness except timed 10-jumps (20M-AR: -0.74 seconds, p < 0.0001; BJ: 8.09 cm, p < 0.0001; TBT: 0.52 meters, p < 0.006; SR: 0.88 cm, p < 0.03; BBW: -2.02 seconds, p <0.0001; 30M-S: -0.45 seconds, p < 0.02; 20M-C: -3.36 seconds, p < 0.0001). Process evaluation data showed that the intervention protocol was implemented with high fidelity. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that a policy-driven multi-faceted intervention can improve preschool children's body composition and physical fitness. Program efficacy should be tested in a randomized trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-ONRC-14004143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhou
- School Of Physical Education and Coaching Science, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Being Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- School of Sport Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zenong Yin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Physical Education Physical Education College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- School of Recreation and Community Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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