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Nadezhdin KD, Talyzina IA, Parthasarathy A, Neuberger A, Zhang DX, Sobolevsky AI. Structure of human TRPV4 in complex with GTPase RhoA. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3733. [PMID: 37353478 PMCID: PMC10290124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPV4 is a polymodal cellular sensor that responds to moderate heat, cell swelling, shear stress, and small-molecule ligands. It is involved in thermogenesis, regulation of vascular tone, bone homeostasis, renal and pulmonary functions. TRPV4 is implicated in neuromuscular and skeletal disorders, pulmonary edema, and cancers, and represents an important drug target. The cytoskeletal remodeling GTPase RhoA has been shown to suppress TRPV4 activity. Here, we present a structure of the human TRPV4-RhoA complex that shows RhoA interaction with the membrane-facing surface of the TRPV4 ankyrin repeat domains. The contact interface reveals residues that are mutated in neuropathies, providing an insight into the disease pathogenesis. We also identify the binding sites of the TRPV4 agonist 4α-PDD and the inhibitor HC-067047 at the base of the S1-S4 bundle, and show that agonist binding leads to pore opening, while channel inhibition involves a π-to-α transition in the pore-forming helix S6. Our structures elucidate the interaction interface between hTRPV4 and RhoA, as well as residues at this interface that are involved in TRPV4 disease-causing mutations. They shed light on TRPV4 activation and inhibition and provide a template for the design of future therapeutics for treatment of TRPV4-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill D Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Irina A Talyzina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Aravind Parthasarathy
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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2
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A current overview of RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC functions in vascular biology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Behairy MY, Soltan MA, Adam MS, Refaat AM, Ezz EM, Albogami S, Fayad E, Althobaiti F, Gouda AM, Sileem AE, Elfaky MA, Darwish KM, Alaa Eldeen M. Computational Analysis of Deleterious SNPs in NRAS to Assess Their Potential Correlation With Carcinogenesis. Front Genet 2022; 13:872845. [PMID: 36051694 PMCID: PMC9424727 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.872845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The NRAS gene is a well-known oncogene that acts as a major player in carcinogenesis. Mutations in the NRAS gene have been linked to multiple types of human tumors. Therefore, the identification of the most deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NRAS gene is necessary to understand the key factors of tumor pathogenesis and therapy. We aimed to retrieve NRAS missense SNPs and analyze them comprehensively using sequence and structure approaches to determine the most deleterious SNPs that could increase the risk of carcinogenesis. We also adopted structural biology methods and docking tools to investigate the behavior of the filtered SNPs. After retrieving missense SNPs and analyzing them using six in silico tools, 17 mutations were found to be the most deleterious mutations in NRAS. All SNPs except S145L were found to decrease NRAS stability, and all SNPs were found on highly conserved residues and important functional domains, except R164C. In addition, all mutations except G60E and S145L showed a higher binding affinity to GTP, implicating an increase in malignancy tendency. As a consequence, all other 14 mutations were expected to increase the risk of carcinogenesis, with 5 mutations (G13R, G13C, G13V, P34R, and V152F) expected to have the highest risk. Thermodynamic stability was ensured for these SNP models through molecular dynamics simulation based on trajectory analysis. Free binding affinity toward the natural substrate, GTP, was higher for these models as compared to the native NRAS protein. The Gly13 SNP proteins depict a differential conformational state that could favor nucleotide exchange and catalytic potentiality. A further application of experimental methods with all these 14 mutations could reveal new insights into the pathogenesis and management of different types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y. Behairy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohamed A. Soltan, ; Muhammad Alaa Eldeen,
| | - Mohamed S. Adam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Refaat
- Zoology Departmen, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Ehab M. Ezz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Althobaiti
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Gouda
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E. Sileem
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M. Darwish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohamed A. Soltan, ; Muhammad Alaa Eldeen,
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Human Golgi phosphoprotein 3 is an effector of RAB1A and RAB1B. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237514. [PMID: 32790781 PMCID: PMC7425898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is a peripheral membrane protein localized at the trans-Golgi network that is also distributed in a large cytosolic pool. GOLPH3 has been involved in several post-Golgi protein trafficking events, but its precise function at the molecular level is not well understood. GOLPH3 is also considered the first oncoprotein of the Golgi apparatus, with important roles in several types of cancer. Yet, it is unknown how GOLPH3 is regulated to achieve its contribution in the mechanisms that lead to tumorigenesis. Binding of GOLPH3 to Golgi membranes depends on its interaction to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. However, an early finding showed that GTP promotes the binding of GOLPH3 to Golgi membranes and vesicles. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown whether this response is consequence of the function of GTP-dependent regulatory factors, such as proteins of the RAB family of small GTPases. Interestingly, in Drosophila melanogaster the ortholog of GOLPH3 interacts with- and behaves as effector of the ortholog of RAB1. However, there is no experimental evidence implicating GOLPH3 as a possible RAB1 effector in mammalian cells. Here, we show that human GOLPH3 interacted directly with either RAB1A or RAB1B, the two isoforms of RAB1 in humans. The interaction was nucleotide dependent and it was favored with GTP-locked active state variants of these GTPases, indicating that human GOLPH3 is a bona fide effector of RAB1A and RAB1B. Moreover, the expression in cultured cells of the GTP-locked variants resulted in less distribution of GOLPH3 in the Golgi apparatus, suggesting an intriguing model of GOLPH3 regulation.
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Wei X, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Ai K, Li H, Yang J. Involvement of H-Ras in the adaptive immunity of Nile tilapia by regulating lymphocyte activation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:281-289. [PMID: 30953781 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
H-Ras is a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), which acts as a molecular switch and controls multiple important cellular processes including lymphocyte activation and function. However, regulatory mechanism of adaptive immune response by H-Ras remains unclear in non-mammalian animals. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of H-Ras in lymphocyte activation with a teleost model Oreochromis niloticus. H-Ras from O. niloticus (On-H-Ras) is highly conserved with those from other vertebrates. The mRNA of On-H-Ras showed a wide expression pattern in the lymphoid-tissues and with the highest level in liver. After Aeromonas hydrophila infection, transcription of On-H-Ras was significantly induced on day 8 but came back to basal level on day 16, suggesting that On-H-Ras potentially participated in primary response during the adaptive immunity. Furthermore, On-H-Ras mRNA was obviously up-regulated when leukocytes were activated by T lymphocyte mitogen PHA in vitro. Meanwhile, protein level of H-Ras was also augmented once leukocytes were stimulated with lymphocyte receptor signaling agonist PMA and ionomycin. More importantly, once Ras activity was inhibited by specific inhibitor, the up-regulation of lymphocyte activation marker CD122 was obviously impaired during lymphocyte activation process. Therefore, On-H-Ras regulated lymphocyte activation through both mRNA and protein level. Altogether, our results illustrated the involvement of H-Ras in teleost adaptive immunity via controlling lymphocyte activation, and thus provided a novel perspective to understand evolution of the lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kete Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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6
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Tseng YT, Kumar R, Wang HC. LvRas and LvRap are both important for WSSV replication in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:150-160. [PMID: 30794934 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The white Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a pathogen that causes huge economic losses in the shrimp-farming industry globally. At the WSSV genome replication stage (12 hpi) in WSSV-infected shrimp hemocytes, activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway triggers metabolic changes that resemble the Warburg effect. In shrimp, the upstream regulators of this pathway are still unknown, and in the present study, we isolate, characterize and investigate two candidate factors, i.e. the shrimp Ras GTPase isoforms LvRas and LvRap, both of which are upregulated after WSSV infection. dsRNA silencing experiments show that virus replication is significantly reduced when expression of either of these genes is suppressed. Pretreatment with the Ras inhibitor Salirasib further suggests that LvRas, which is a homolog to a commonly overexpressed human oncoprotein, may be involved in regulating the WSSV-induced Warburg effect. We also show that while both the PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Raf-MEK-ERK pathways are activated by WSSV infection, LvRas appears to be involved only in the regulation of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Tseng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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7
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Jung J, Cho KJ, Naji AK, Clemons KN, Wong CO, Villanueva M, Gregory S, Karagas NE, Tan L, Liang H, Rousseau MA, Tomasevich KM, Sikora AG, Levental I, van der Hoeven D, Zhou Y, Hancock JF, Venkatachalam K. HRAS-driven cancer cells are vulnerable to TRPML1 inhibition. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e46685. [PMID: 30787043 PMCID: PMC6446245 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
By serving as intermediaries between cellular metabolism and the bioenergetic demands of proliferation, endolysosomes allow cancer cells to thrive under normally detrimental conditions. Here, we show that an endolysosomal TRP channel, TRPML1, is necessary for the proliferation of cancer cells that bear activating mutations in HRAS Expression of MCOLN1, which encodes TRPML1, is significantly elevated in HRAS-positive tumors and inversely correlated with patient prognosis. Concordantly, MCOLN1 knockdown or TRPML1 inhibition selectively reduces the proliferation of cancer cells that express oncogenic, but not wild-type, HRAS Mechanistically, TRPML1 maintains oncogenic HRAS in signaling-competent nanoclusters at the plasma membrane by mediating cholesterol de-esterification and transport. TRPML1 inhibition disrupts the distribution and levels of cholesterol and thereby attenuates HRAS nanoclustering and plasma membrane abundance, ERK phosphorylation, and cell proliferation. These findings reveal a selective vulnerability of HRAS-driven cancers to TRPML1 inhibition, which may be leveraged as an actionable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewon Jung
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kwang-Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Ali K Naji
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristen N Clemons
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ching On Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariana Villanueva
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Patient Derived Xenografts and Advanced in vivo Models Core Facility, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Gregory
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas E Karagas
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lingxiao Tan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Morgan A Rousseau
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly M Tomasevich
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Patient Derived Xenografts and Advanced in vivo Models Core Facility, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dharini van der Hoeven
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John F Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kartik Venkatachalam
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Akao Y, Kumazaki M, Shinohara H, Sugito N, Kuranaga Y, Tsujino T, Yoshikawa Y, Kitade Y. Impairment of K-Ras signaling networks and increased efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors by a novel synthetic miR-143. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1455-1467. [PMID: 29498789 PMCID: PMC5980131 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable research on K‐Ras inhibitors, none had been established until now. We synthesized nuclease‐resistant synthetic miR‐143 (miR‐143#12), which strongly silenced K‐Ras, its effector signal molecules AKT and ERK, and the K‐Ras activator Sos1. We examined the anti‐proliferative effect of miR‐143#12 and the mechanism in human colon cancer DLD‐1 cell (G13D) and other cell types harboring K‐Ras mutations. Cell growth was markedly suppressed in a concentration‐dependent manner by miR‐143#12 (IC50: 1.32 nmol L−1) with a decrease in the K‐Ras mRNA level. Interestingly, this mRNA level was also downregulated by either a PI3K/AKT or MEK inhibitor, which indicates a positive circuit of K‐Ras mRNA expression. MiR‐143#12 silenced cytoplasmic K‐Ras mRNA expression and impaired the positive circuit by directly targeting AKT and ERK mRNA. Combination treatment with miR‐143#12 and a low‐dose EGFR inhibitor induced a synergistic inhibition of growth with a marked inactivation of both PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. However, silencing K‐Ras by siR‐KRas instead of miR‐143#12 did not induce this synergism through the combined treatment with the EGFR inhibitor. Thus, miR‐143#12 perturbed the K‐Ras expression system and K‐Ras activation by silencing Sos1 and, resultantly, restored the efficacy of the EGFR inhibitors. The in vivo results also supported those of the in vitro experiments. The extremely potent miR‐143#12 enabled us to understand K‐Ras signaling networks and shut them down by combination treatment with this miRNA and EGFR inhibitor in K‐Ras‐driven colon cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Minami Kumazaki
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Haruka Shinohara
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Sugito
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuranaga
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsujino
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukio Kitade
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan
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Román M, Baraibar I, López I, Nadal E, Rolfo C, Vicent S, Gil-Bazo I. KRAS oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer: clinical perspectives on the treatment of an old target. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:33. [PMID: 29455666 PMCID: PMC5817724 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung neoplasms are the leading cause of death by cancer worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes more than 80% of all lung malignancies and the majority of patients present advanced disease at onset. However, in the last decade, multiple oncogenic driver alterations have been discovered and each of them represents a potential therapeutic target. Although KRAS mutations are the most frequently oncogene aberrations in lung adenocarcinoma patients, effective therapies targeting KRAS have yet to be developed. Moreover, the role of KRAS oncogene in NSCLC remains unclear and its predictive and prognostic impact remains controversial. The study of the underlying biology of KRAS in NSCLC patients could help to determine potential candidates to evaluate novel targeted agents and combinations that may allow a tailored treatment for these patients. The aim of this review is to update the current knowledge about KRAS-mutated lung adenocarcinoma, including a historical overview, the biology of the molecular pathways involved, the clinical relevance of KRAS mutations as a prognostic and predictive marker and the potential therapeutic approaches for a personalized treatment of KRAS-mutated NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Román
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iosune Baraibar
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inés López
- Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Phase I-Early Clinical Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Silvestre Vicent
- Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gil-Bazo
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. .,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain. .,Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Liu Q, Zhu H, Zhang C, Chen T, Cao X. Small GTPase RBJ promotes cancer progression by mobilizing MDSCs via IL-6. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1245265. [PMID: 28197363 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1245265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RBJ has been identified to be dysregulated in gastrointestinal cancer and promotes tumorigenesis and progression by mediating nuclear accumulation of active MEK1/2 and sustained activation of ERK1/2. Considering that nuclear accumulation and constitutive activation of MEK/ERK not only promotes tumor progression directly, but also induces chronic inflammation, we wonder whether and how RBJ impairs host immune-surveillance via chronic inflammation and consequently supports tumor progression. Here, we report that higher expression of RBJ in human breast cancer tissue has been significantly correlated with poorer prognosis in breast cancer patients. The forced expression of RBJ promotes tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, more accumulation of immune suppressive cells but less antitumor immune cell subpopulations were found in spleen and tumor tissue derived from RBJ force-expressed tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, forced RBJ expression significantly promotes tumor cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 by constitutive activating MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Accordingly, RBJ knockdown significantly decreases tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, with markedly reduced production of IL-6. Administration of anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody could reduce MDSCs accumulation in tumor tissue in vivo. Therefore, our results demonstrate that RBJ-mediated nuclear constitutive activation of ERK1/2 leads to persistent production of IL-6 and increase of MDSCs recruitment, contributing to promotion of tumor growth and metastasis. These results suggest that RBJ contributes to tumor immune escape, maybe serving a potential target for design of antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Ha Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoxiong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Taoyong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fine-Tuning of the Actin Cytoskeleton and Cell Adhesion During Drosophila Development by the Unconventional Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors Myoblast City and Sponge. Genetics 2015; 200:551-67. [PMID: 25908317 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.177063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Dock proteins function as unconventional guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Upon binding to engulfment and cell motility (ELMO) proteins, Dock-ELMO complexes activate the Rho family of small GTPases to mediate a diverse array of biological processes, including cell motility, apoptotic cell clearance, and axon guidance. Overlapping expression patterns and functional redundancy among the 11 vertebrate Dock family members, which are subdivided into four families (Dock A, B, C, and D), complicate genetic analysis. In both vertebrate and invertebrate systems, the actin dynamics regulator, Rac, is the target GTPase of the Dock-A subfamily. However, it remains unclear whether Rac or Rap1 are the in vivo downstream GTPases of the Dock-B subfamily. Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent genetic model organism for understanding Dock protein function as its genome encodes one ortholog per subfamily: Myoblast city (Mbc; Dock A) and Sponge (Spg; Dock B). Here we show that the roles of Spg and Mbc are not redundant in the Drosophila somatic muscle or the dorsal vessel. Moreover, we confirm the in vivo role of Mbc upstream of Rac and provide evidence that Spg functions in concert with Rap1, possibly to regulate aspects of cell adhesion. Together these data show that Mbc and Spg can have different downstream GTPase targets. Our findings predict that the ability to regulate downstream GTPases is dependent on cellular context and allows for the fine-tuning of actin cytoskeletal or cell adhesion events in biological processes that undergo cell morphogenesis.
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