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Codazzi V, Frontino G, Galimberti L, Giustina A, Petrelli A. Mechanisms and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Endocrine 2024; 84:16-28. [PMID: 38133765 PMCID: PMC10987369 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder characterized by abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and elevated fasting blood glucose levels. The diagnostic criteria for MetS in adults are well-established, but there is currently no consensus on the definition in children and adolescents. The etiology of MetS is believed to involve a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. While genetic predisposition explains only a small part of MetS pathogenesis, modifiable environmental risk factors play a significant role. Factors such as maternal weight during pregnancy, children's lifestyle, sedentariness, high-fat diet, fructose and branched-chain amino acid consumption, vitamin D deficiency, and sleep disturbances contribute to the development of MetS. Early identification and treatment of MetS in children and adolescents is crucial to prevent the development of chronic diseases later in life. In this review we discuss the latest research on factors contributing to the pathogenesis of MetS in children, focusing on non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors, including genetics, dysbiosis and chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Farh MEA, Kim HJ, Kim SY, Lee JH, Lee H, Cui R, Han S, Kim DW, Park S, Lee YJ, Lee YS, Sohn I, Cho J. Transcriptional Changes in Radiation-Induced Lung Injury: A Comparative Analysis of Two Radiation Doses for Preclinical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3766. [PMID: 38612576 PMCID: PMC11011446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In a recent stereotactic body radiation therapy animal model, radiation pneumonitis and radiation pulmonary fibrosis were observed at around 2 and 6 weeks, respectively. However, the molecular signature of this model remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the molecular characteristics at these two stages using RNA-seq analysis. Transcriptomic profiling revealed distinct transcriptional patterns for each stage. Inflammatory response and immune cell activation were involved in both stages. Cell cycle processes and response to type II interferons were observed during the inflammation stage. Extracellular matrix organization and immunoglobulin production were noted during the fibrosis stage. To investigate the impact of a 10 Gy difference on fibrosis progression, doses of 45, 55, and 65 Gy were tested. A dose of 65 Gy was selected and compared with 75 Gy. The 65 Gy dose induced inflammation and fibrosis as well as the 75 Gy dose, but with reduced lung damage, fewer inflammatory cells, and decreased collagen deposition, particularly during the inflammation stage. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant overlap, but differences were observed and clarified in Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis, potentially influenced by changes in interferon-gamma-mediated lipid metabolism. This suggests the suitability of 65 Gy for future preclinical basic and pharmaceutical research connected with radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Agamy Farh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.E.-A.F.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (D.W.K.); (S.P.)
- Drug Development Team, ARONTIER, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06735, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.E.-A.F.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (D.W.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Sang-Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.E.-A.F.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (D.W.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Jae-Hee Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.E.-A.F.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (D.W.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.E.-A.F.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (D.W.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Ronglan Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.E.-A.F.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (D.W.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Soorim Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.E.-A.F.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (D.W.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.E.-A.F.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (D.W.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Sunjoo Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.E.-A.F.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (D.W.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Yoon-Jin Lee
- Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
| | - Insuk Sohn
- Drug Development Team, ARONTIER, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06735, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jaeho Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (M.E.-A.F.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (D.W.K.); (S.P.)
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Huber K, Szerenos E, Lewandowski D, Toczylowski K, Sulik A. The Role of Adipokines in the Pathologies of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14684. [PMID: 37834128 PMCID: PMC10572192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are protein hormones secreted by adipose tissue in response to disruptions in physiological homeostasis within the body's systems. The regulatory functions of adipokines within the central nervous system (CNS) are multifaceted and intricate, and they have been identified in a number of pathologies. Therefore, specific adipokines have the potential to be used as biomarkers for screening purposes in neurological dysfunctions. The systematic review presented herein focuses on the analysis of the functions of various adipokines in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases. Thirteen proteins were selected for analysis through scientific databases. It was found that these proteins can be identified within the cerebrospinal fluid either by their ability to modify their molecular complex and cross the blood-brain barrier or by being endogenously produced within the CNS itself. As a result, this can correlate with their measurability during pathological processes, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, depression, or brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kacper Toczylowski
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
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Ibrahim S, El-Tahlawi S, Mogawer RM, El Ansary M, Esmat S, El-Hawary M. Different vitiligo characteristics as predictors of increased risk of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A case-control study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:7170-7177. [PMID: 36208004 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune and metabolic disturbances have been reported in association with vitiligo, highlighting possible systemic associations that should be considered. AIMS To assess the possible association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as well as insulin resistance (IR) with vitiligo in different age groups. METHODS This case-control study included 142 patients with vitiligo aging ≥ 6 years and 142 age- and sex-matched controls. Participants were assessed for MetS using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria in addition to IR via homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). The study was registered at Clinical Trials.gov, Identifier: NCT03622320, on August 9, 2018. RESULTS As per the IDF criteria, patients with vitiligo showed significantly more frequent association with high fasting plasma glucose levels, high blood pressure readings, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and MetS than controls (p = 0.020, p = 0.034, p = 0.014, p < 0.001, and p = 0.002, respectively). Moreover, patients with vitiligo have significantly higher levels of fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (p ≤ 0.001). Results obtained from patients with vitiligo and controls with coexistent MetS/IR demonstrated vitiligo as a risk factor for both MetS and IR. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression highlighted that older age was the significant independent predictor for MetS and IR. CONCLUSION Patients with vitiligo showed a significantly higher incidence of MetS than controls. Vitiligo per se can be considered a risk factor for MetS and IR. Therefore, regular follow-up and early metabolic derangement diagnoses are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar El-Tahlawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Mogawer
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat El Ansary
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia Esmat
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa El-Hawary
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdel-Rafei MK, Thabet NM, El Tawel G, El Bakary NM, El Fatih NM, Sh Azab K. Role of leptin/STAT3 signaling and RIP-kinases in fucoxanthin influences on mice exposed to LPS and gamma radiation. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2008451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K. Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura M. Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada El Tawel
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen M. El Bakary
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neama M. El Fatih
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Sh Azab
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Rouhani P, Hajhashemy Z, Saneei P. Circulating serum vitamin D levels in relation to metabolic syndrome in children: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13314. [PMID: 34231300 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Findings from epidemiologic studies that evaluated the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children were contradictory. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relation of serum 25(OH)D levels and MetS in children. A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases, up to November 2020. Eleven cross-sectional studies that reported the link between circulating vitamin D levels and MetS in children were included in the analysis. Combining 11 effect sizes from 11 cross-sectional studies with 22,196 participants revealed that highest versus lowest serum vitamin D concentration was significantly associated with a 50% reduced odds of MetS in children (OR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.39, 0.64). Subgroup analysis by study location revealed decreased odds of MetS in both non-Asian (OR: 0.45; 95%CI: 0.33, 0.63) and Asian countries (OR: 0.54; 95%CI: 0.39, 0.76) with no heterogeneity in these subgroups. When we confined the studies to those with representative populations (n = 21,611), a significant inverse association was found between highest versus lowest circulating vitamin D level and MetS (OR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.42, 0.71). Dose-response analysis showed that each 10 ng/ml (or 25 nmol/L) in serum vitamin D was linearly related to a 12% reduced odds of MetS (OR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.78, 0.99) in children. A nonlinear association was also detected between serum 25(OH)D and MetS. This meta-analysis revealed that circulating vitamin D concentration was inversely associated with odds of MetS in children, in a dose-response fashion. The same finding was found in the studies with representative populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rouhani
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Angi A, Chiarelli F. Obesity and Diabetes: A Sword of Damocles for Future Generations. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E478. [PMID: 33171922 PMCID: PMC7694547 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is one of the most challenging problem of the 21st century. The prevalence has increased, reaching an alarming rate. Furthermore, the problem is global and is also affecting low- and middle-income countries. This global obesity epidemic explains how the roots of cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of mortality among adults, begin in childhood. Overweight and obese children are likely to stay obese into adulthood and to develop noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. Thus, prevention should be the major goal and should start early in life. The aim of this review is to present an updated framework of the current understanding of the cardiovascular and metabolic risks in obese children and adolescents and to discuss the available therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Angi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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8
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Dietary Patterns and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jpr.11656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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9
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Menale C, Grandone A, Nicolucci C, Cirillo G, Crispi S, Di Sessa A, Marzuillo P, Rossi S, Mita DG, Perrone L, Diano N, Miraglia Del Giudice E. Bisphenol A is associated with insulin resistance and modulates adiponectin and resistin gene expression in obese children. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:380-387. [PMID: 27187765 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been associated with increased incidence of diabetes and obesity in adults. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether an association between BPA urinary levels and insulin resistance as well as adiponectin and resistin production and serum concentrations may occur in obese children. METHODS Clinical and biochemical features of 141 obese children were collected. Serum resistin and adiponectin were evaluated. Insulin resistance and urinary BPA levels were assessed. Moreover, the effect of BPA on adiponectin and resistin gene expression in adipocytes from eight normal weight prepubertal children was investigated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Direct association between BPA and homeostasis model assessment (r = 0.23; p: 0.0069) and a strong inverse association between BPA and adiponectin have been found (r = -0.48; p < 0.0001). In adipocytes, resistin expression was detected only after BPA treatment, while adiponectin expression resulted down-regulated after BPA exposure (p < 0.05 at both 10 and 100 nM BPA concentrations). CONCLUSIONS We suggest the involvement of BPA in the development of insulin resistance in childhood obesity highlighting that urinary BPA levels are directly associated with insulin resistance regardless of BMI. This association may be explained, at least partly, by the findings that BPA affects resistin and adiponectin production in adipose tissue cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Menale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, c/o Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.,Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Nicolucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, c/o Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Grazia Cirillo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Crispi
- Gene Expression and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources - CNR Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Damiano Gustavo Mita
- National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, c/o Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.,Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Perrone
- National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, c/o Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.,Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Diano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, c/o Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.,Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, c/o Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.,Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Lee AM, Fermin CR, Filipp SL, Gurka MJ, DeBoer MD. Examining trends in prediabetes and its relationship with the metabolic syndrome in US adolescents, 1999-2014. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:373-381. [PMID: 28070750 PMCID: PMC5394428 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We sought to investigate temporal trends in prediabetes prevalence among US adolescents using two definitions and evaluate relationships with obesity and a MetS-severity score. METHODS We evaluated data from 5418 non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic adolescents aged 12-19 participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014 with complete data regarding MetS and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Prediabetes status was defined by American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria: fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL or HbA1c 5.7%-6.4%. MetS severity was assessed with a MetS-severity Z-score. RESULTS Prevalence of prediabetes as defined by HbA1c abnormalities significantly increased from 1999-2014, while prevalence of prediabetes as defined by fasting glucose abnormalities showed no significant temporal trend. There were variations in these trends across different racial/ethnic groups. MetS Z-score was overall more strongly correlated with HbA1c, fasting insulin, and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance than was BMI Z-score. These correlations were true in each racial/ethnic group with the exception that in non-Hispanic white adolescents, in whom the MetS Z-score was not significantly correlated with HbA1c measurements. CONCLUSION We found conflicting findings of temporal trends of US adolescent prediabetes prevalence based on the ADA's prediabetes criteria. The increasing prevalence of prediabetes by HbA1c assessment is concerning and raises the urgency for increased awareness and appropriate measures of prediabetes status among physicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Cyrelle R Fermin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Stephanie L Filipp
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Matthew J Gurka
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Mark D DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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Hilpert M, Brockmeier K, Dordel S, Koch B, Weiß V, Ferrari N, Tokarski W, Graf C. Sociocultural Influence on Obesity and Lifestyle in Children: A Study of Daily Activities, Leisure Time Behavior, Motor Skills, and Weight Status. Obes Facts 2017; 10:168-178. [PMID: 28528341 PMCID: PMC5644947 DOI: 10.1159/000464105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile overweight is increasing, and effective preventive measures are needed. After years of arbitrarily assigning these measures disregarding socioeconomic and/or cultural differences, it has become necessary to tailor interventions more specific to these target groups. Providing data for such an intervention is the objective of this study. METHODS Influencing variables on children's weight status, motor skills and lifestyle have been analyzed among 997 first graders (53.2% male) involved in the Children's Health InterventionaL Trial (CHILT). RESULTS Median age was 6.9 years; 7.3% were obese, 8.8% were overweight. Children with low socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely to be obese (p = 0.029). Low SES (p ˂ 0.001), migration background (p = 0.001) and low sports activity levels (p = 0.007) contributed most to an increased consumption of television. Migration background (p = 0.003) and male gender (p < 0.001) were the strongest factors in predicting a greater consumption of computer/video games. Children with higher SES (p = 0.02), lower BMI (p = 0.035), and males (p = 0.001) performed better in motor tests. CONCLUSION Children with a low SES and migration background were more likely to exhibit unfavorable health behavior patterns, higher BMI scores, and poorer motor skills. Interventions should integrate motivational and targeting strategies and consider cultural and educational differences to address these vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hilpert
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Konrad Brockmeier
- Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center of Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence, Heart Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sigrid Dordel
- Institute of School Sports and School Development, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Koch
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- Bremen-City Center for Obesity Therapy (ZABS), Bremen, Germany
| | - Verena Weiß
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Ferrari
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center of Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence, Heart Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Walter Tokarski
- Institute of European Sport Development and Leisure Studies, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Graf
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center of Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence, Heart Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Prof. Dr. Dr. Christine Graf, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany,
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Kelishadi R, Hovsepian S, Djalalinia S, Jamshidi F, Qorbani M. A systematic review on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iranian children and adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 21:90. [PMID: 28163736 PMCID: PMC5244691 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.192506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, is one of the most common metabolic disorders, which lead to many chronic diseases. The link between childhood MetS and occurrence of atherosclerosis and its sequels in adulthood is well documented. This study aims to systematically review the prevalence of MetS among Iranian children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted on studies published from January 1990 to January 2015. The main international electronic data sources were PubMed and the NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), and SCOPUS. For Persian databases, we used domestic databases. We included all available population-based studies and national surveys conducted in the pediatric age group aged 3–21-year-old. Results: In this review, 2138 articles were identified (PubMed: 265; SCOPUS: 368; ISI: 465; Scientific Information Database: 189; IranMedex: 851; Irandoc: 46). After quality assessment, 13 qualified articles were evaluated. The number of total population and points of data were 24,772 and 125, respectively. Regarding the geographical distribution, we found 2 national, 6 provincial, and 5 district level points of data. The prevalence range of MetS among children was 1–22% using different definitions. Reported range of pediatric MetS defined by different criteria was as follows: National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III; 3–16%, International Diabetes Federation; 0–8%, American Heart Association; 4–9.5%, The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III; 1–18%, de Ferranti; 0–22%. Conclusion: MetS is a common metabolic disorder among Iranian children and adolescents, with increasing trends during the last decades. This finding provides baseline useful information for health policy makers to implement evidence based-health promotion for appropriate controlling of this growing health problem for the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Silva Hovsepian
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Development of Research and Technology Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Jamshidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Lodi A, Karsten B, Bosco G, Gómez-López M, Brandão PP, Bianco A, Paoli A. The Effects of Different High-Protein Low-Carbohydrates Proprietary Foods on Blood Sugar in Healthy Subjects. J Med Food 2016; 19:1085-1095. [PMID: 27754766 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects on blood sugar concentrations through the calculation of the glycemic score (GS) of 10 different high-protein low-carbohydrates (CHOs) proprietary foods that are commonly used as meals during very low-CHO ketogenic diets or during low-CHO diets. Fourteen healthy females were tested for their glycemic response curve elicited by 1000 kJ of glucose three times within a 3-week period (one test each week) compared with one of 10 test foods once on separate days twice a week. After determining the GS of each food in each individual, the mean GS of each test food was calculated. All test foods, compared with glucose, produced a significantly lower glycemic response. The GS of all test food resulted in being lower than 25 and the difference between the mean glycemia after the intake of glucose (mean 122 ± 15 mg/dL) and after the intake of the sweet test foods (mean 89 ± 7 mg/dL) was 33 mg/dL (P < .001), whereas the difference between the mean glycemia after the intake of glucose and after the intake of savory test foods (mean 91 ± 8 mg/dL) was of 31 mg/dL (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The reformulation of ultraprocessed ready-to-consume foods in a low-CHO, high-protein version can produce a significantly lower glycemic response whilst maintaining the valued ready-to-use format and high palatability demanded by consumers. The low impact on postprandial glycemia and the nutritional characteristics of these proprietary foods makes them useful in both weight control management strategies and in the care management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lodi
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Bettina Karsten
- 2 Department of Life and Sports Sciences, University of Greenwich , Medway, United Kingdom
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Gómez-López
- 3 Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia , Murcia, Spain
| | - Paula Paraguassú Brandão
- 4 Human Kinetics Laboratory of the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonino Bianco
- 5 Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
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Zhao J, Liu GL, Wei Y, Jiang LH, Bao PL, Yang QY. Low-dose testosterone alleviates vascular damage caused by castration in male rats in puberty via modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2518-26. [PMID: 27485938 PMCID: PMC4991766 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of testosterone on glucolipid metabolism and vascular injury in male rats, and examine the underlying molecular mechanisms. A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group (n=10), high-fat-diet + castration group (n=10), high-fat-diet + castration + low dose testosterone group (n=10), and high-fat-diet + castration + high dose testosterone group (n=10). Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate the morphology of the thoracic aortic tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect biomarkers of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), nuclear factor (NF)-κB and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the aortas were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses, respectively. Apoptosis in the aortic tissues was detected using a TUNEL assay. Castration induced apoptosis in the animals fed a high-fat-diet, whereas low dose testosterone replacement ameliorated the apoptosis in the aorta. However, the levels of apoptosis was more severe following high-dose testosterone treatment. Low-dose testosterone induced upregulation in the levels of IRS-1, AKT, GLUT-4 protein, NF-κB, TNF-α and PI3K, compared with those in the animals fed a high-fat diet following castration. A high dose of testosterone resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of IRS-1, AKT, GLUT-4, NF-κB, TNF-α and PI3K. Compared with the rats in the high-fat diet + castration group, a low dose of testosterone induced upregulation in the mRNA levels of IRS-1, AKT and GLUT-4, and downregulation of the mRNA levels of NF-κB, TNF-α and PI3K. A high dose of testosterone resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of IRS-1, AKT and GLUT-4, and marked increases in the mRNA levels of NF-κB, TNF-α and PI3K, compared with the low dose group. Castration induced marked disorders of glucolipid metabolism and vascular injuries in the pubescent male rats. Low-dose testosterone treatment was found to ameliorate the vascular damage caused by castration via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Ge-Li Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Paediatrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Li Bao
- Department of Paediatrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Yan Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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15
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Upper Normal Alanine Aminotransferase Range and Insulin Resistance in Korean Adolescents: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:1700-6. [PMID: 26703124 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-4009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has been one of the most useful biomarkers reflecting liver damage. Some studies have proposed that serum ALT levels, even those within the conventional normal range, are associated with metabolic syndrome and fatty liver. AIMS We examined the correlation between ALT levels and insulin resistance (IR) and ALT cutoff value for high IR status in Korean adolescents. METHODS A total of 886 subjects (461 boys and 425 girls) who participated in the 2009-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to examine the odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of the prevalence of the highest quartile of the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) according to the ALT quartile. The cutoff value of ALT for the highest HOMA-IR quartile (Q4) were obtained using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS The mean ALT value increased as the number of metabolic syndrome components increased, but in only boys (p for trend <0.001), while the IR quartile increased in both boys and girls (all p for trends <0.001). The prevalence of IR (Q4) was only increased in ALT (Q4) in boys after the adjustment for age, body mass index, and waist circumference (OR 2.49; 95 % CI 1.05-5.91; p for trend = 0.017). The cutoff values were 17.0 IU/L in boys and 11.0 IU/L in girls. CONCLUSIONS The highest ALT quartile was associated with an increased prevalence of the highest quartile of IR in boys but not in girls.
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