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Frelinger AL, Haynes RL, Goldstein RD, Berny-Lang MA, Gerrits AJ, Riehs M, Haas EA, Paunovic B, Mena OJ, Campman SC, Milne GL, Sleeper LA, Kinney HC, Michelson AD. Dysregulation of platelet serotonin, 14-3-3, and GPIX in sudden infant death syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11092. [PMID: 38750089 PMCID: PMC11096399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of post-neonatal infant mortality, but the underlying cause(s) are unclear. A subset of SIDS infants has abnormalities in the neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) and the adaptor molecule, 14-3-3 pathways in regions of the brain involved in gasping, response to hypoxia, and arousal. To evaluate our hypothesis that SIDS is, at least in part, a multi-organ dysregulation of 5-HT, we examined whether blood platelets, which have 5-HT and 14-3-3 signaling pathways similar to brain neurons, are abnormal in SIDS. We also studied platelet surface glycoprotein IX (GPIX), a cell adhesion receptor which is physically linked to 14-3-3. In infants dying of SIDS compared to infants dying of known causes, we found significantly higher intra-platelet 5-HT and 14-3-3 and lower platelet surface GPIX. Serum and plasma 5-HT were also elevated in SIDS compared to controls. The presence in SIDS of both platelet and brainstem 5-HT and 14-3-3 abnormalities suggests a global dysregulation of these pathways and the potential for platelets to be used as a model system to study 5-HT and 14-3-3 interactions in SIDS. Platelet and serum biomarkers may aid in the forensic determination of SIDS and have the potential to be predictive of SIDS risk in living infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Karp 08212, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-5737, USA.
| | - Robin L Haynes
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Goldstein
- Robert's Program on Sudden Unexpected Death in Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Michelle A Berny-Lang
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anja J Gerrits
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly Riehs
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Othon J Mena
- County of Ventura Medical Examiner's Office, Ventura, CA, USA
| | - Steven C Campman
- County of San Diego Medical Examiner's Office, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lynn A Sleeper
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah C Kinney
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Bodrova VV, Shustova ON, Golubeva NV, Alieva AK, Vlodzyanovsky VV, Pevzner DV, Mazurov AV. Assessment of platelet functional activity in healthy individuals and patients receiving antiplatelet therapy. Possible inconsistencies between aggregation and flow cytometry tests. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2024; 70:99-108. [PMID: 38711409 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20247002099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Platelet functional activity was assessed in healthy volunteers (HV, n=92), patients with stable angina pectoris (SA, n=42) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n=73), treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) + clopidogrel and ASA + ticagrelor, respectively. In all HV and patients we have compared parameters of platelet aggregation (maximum light transmission and velocity, Tmax and Vmax) and parameters, characterizing exposure of platelet activation markers, evaluated by flow cytometry. HV platelets were activated by 10 μM, 1 μM TRAP, and 20 μM, 5 μM, 2.5 μM ADP; patient platelets were activated by 10 μM TRAP and by 20 μM and 5 μM ADP. Strong and significant correlations between the aggregation and flow cytometry parameters (the r correlation coefficient from 0.4 up to >0.6) most frequently were registered in HV platelet during activation by 1 μM TRAP and in SA patients during platelet activation by 20 μM and 5 μM ADP. However, in many other cases these correlations were rather weak (r < 0.3) and sometimes statistically insignificant. In HV the differences in PAC-1 binding parameters between platelets activated by 10 μM TRAP (the strongest agonist) and all ADP concentrations were negligible (≤ 10%), while CD62P binding (at all ADP concentrations) and LTA parameters for (5 μM and 2.5 μM ADP) were significantly lower (by 40-60%). Antiplatelet therapy in patients decreased all parameters as compared to HV, but to varying extents. For 10 μM TRAP the MFI index for PAC-1 binding (40-50% decrease) and for both ADP concentrations the Tmax values (60-85% decrease) appeared to be the most sensitive in comparison with the other parameters that decreased to a lesser extent. The data obtained indicate a possibility of inconsistency between different LTA and flow cytometry parameters in assessing platelet activity and efficacy of antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Bodrova
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O N Shustova
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Golubeva
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A K Alieva
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Vlodzyanovsky
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Pevzner
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Mazurov
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Spurgeon BEJ, Frelinger AL. Platelet Phenotyping by Full Spectrum Flow Cytometry. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e687. [PMID: 36779850 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play key roles in hemostasis, immunity, and inflammation, and tests of platelet phenotype and function are useful in studies of disease biology and pathology. Full spectrum flow cytometry offers distinct advantages over standard tests and enables the sensitive and simultaneous detection of many biomarkers. A typical assay provides a wealth of information on platelet biology and allows the assessment of in vivo activation and in vitro reactivity, as well as the discovery of novel phenotypes. Here, we describe the analysis of platelets by full spectrum flow cytometry and discuss a range of controls and methods for interpreting results. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Platelet phenotyping by full spectrum flow cytometry Support Protocol 1: Spectral unmixing Support Protocol 2: Data preprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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4
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Yaneva Z, Ivanova D, Nikolova N, Toneva M. Organic dyes in contemporary medicinal chemistry and biomedicine. I. From the chromophore to the bioimaging/bioassay agent. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2039077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zvezdelina Yaneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Donika Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Nevena Nikolova
- Ecology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Monika Toneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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5
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Facets of ICP-MS and their potential in the medical sciences—Part 2: nanomedicine, immunochemistry, mass cytometry, and bioassays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7363-7386. [PMID: 36042038 PMCID: PMC9427439 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inductively coupled–plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has transformed our knowledge on the role of trace and major elements in biology and has emerged as the most versatile technique in elemental mass spectrometry. The scope of ICP-MS has dramatically changed since its inception, and nowadays, it is a mature platform technology that is compatible with chromatographic and laser ablation (LA) systems. Over the last decades, it kept pace with various technological advances and was inspired by interdisciplinary approaches which endorsed new areas of applications. While the first part of this review was dedicated to fundamentals in ICP-MS, its hyphenated techniques and the application in biomonitoring, isotope ratio analysis, elemental speciation analysis, and elemental bioimaging, this second part will introduce relatively current directions in ICP-MS and their potential to provide novel perspectives in the medical sciences. In this context, current directions for the characterisation of novel nanomaterials which are considered for biomedical applications like drug delivery and imaging platforms will be discussed while considering different facets of ICP-MS including single event analysis and dedicated hyphenated techniques. Subsequently, immunochemistry techniques will be reviewed in their capability to expand the scope of ICP-MS enabling analysis of a large range of biomolecules alongside elements. These methods inspired mass cytometry and imaging mass cytometry and have the potential to transform diagnostics and treatment by offering new paradigms for personalised medicine. Finally, the interlacing of immunochemistry methods, single event analysis, and functional nanomaterials has opened new horizons to design novel bioassays which promise potential as assets for clinical applications and larger screening programs and will be discussed in their capabilities to detect low-level proteins and nucleic acids.
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6
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Brusilovskaya K, Simbrunner B, Lee S, Eichelberger B, Bauer D, Zinober K, Schwabl P, Mandorfer M, Panzer S, Reiberger T, Gremmel T. Peripheral versus central venous blood sampling does not influence the assessment of platelet activation in cirrhosis. Platelets 2022; 33:879-886. [PMID: 35294323 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.2007868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cirrhotic patients have an increased risk of bleeding and thromboembolic events, with platelets being involved as key players in both situations. The impact of peripheral versus central blood sampling on platelet activation remains unclear. In 33 cirrhotic patients, we thus analyzed platelet function in peripheral (P) and central (C) blood samples. Platelet surface expression of P-selectin, activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa, and leukocyte-platelet aggregate formation were measured by flow cytometry in response to different agonists: thrombin receptor-activating peptide-6, adenosine diphosphate, collagen-related peptide (CrP), epinephrine, AYPGKF, Pam3CSK4, and lipopolysaccharide. Unstimulated platelet surface expression of P-selectin (p = .850) and activated GPIIb/IIIa (p = .625) were similar in peripheral and central blood samples. Stimulation with various agonists yielded similar results of platelet surface expression of P-selectin and activated GPIIb/IIIa in peripheral and central samples, except for CrP-inducible expression of activated GPIIb/IIIa (median fluorescence intensity, MFI in P: 7.61 [0.00-24.66] vs. C: 4.12 [0.00-19.04], p < .001). The formation of leukocyte-platelet aggregate was similar in central and peripheral blood samples, both unstimulated and after stimulation with all above-mentioned agonists. In conclusion, peripheral vs. central venous blood sampling does not influence the assessment of platelet activation by flow cytometry in cirrhosis.Abbreviations: ACLD: advanced chronic liver disease; ADP: adenosine diphosphate; ALD: alcoholic liver disease; AYPGKF: PAR-4 agonist AYPGKF; CrP: collagen related protein; EPI: epinephrine; FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; GP: glycoprotein; HVPG: hepatic venous pressure gradient; IQR: interquartile range; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LSM: liver stiffness measurement; MFI: median fluorescence intensity; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; PAM: lipopeptide Pam3CSK4; PAR: protease-activated receptor; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PH: portal hypertension; TIPS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt; TLR: toll-like receptor; TRAP-6: thrombin receptor-activator peptide-6; vWF: von Willebrand factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Brusilovskaya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab (HEPEX), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Simbrunner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab (HEPEX), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beate Eichelberger
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Bauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab (HEPEX), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin Zinober
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab (HEPEX), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Schwabl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab (HEPEX), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mattias Mandorfer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab (HEPEX), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Panzer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab (HEPEX), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Mistelbach, Austria.,Institute of Antithrombotic Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease, Karl Landsteiner Society, St. Pölten, Austria
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7
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Frelinger AL, Rivera J, Connor DE, Freson K, Greinacher A, Harrison P, Kunishima S, Lordkipanidzé M, Michelson AD, Ramström S, Gresele P. Consensus recommendations on flow cytometry for the assessment of inherited and acquired disorders of platelet number and function: Communication from the ISTH SSC Subcommittee on Platelet Physiology. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:3193-3202. [PMID: 34580997 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is increasingly used in the study of platelets in inherited and acquired disorders of platelet number and function. However, wide variation exists in specific reagents, methods, and equipment used, making interpretation and comparison of results difficult. The goal of the present study was to provide expert consensus guidance on the use of flow cytometry for the evaluation of platelet disorders. A modified RAND/UCLA survey method was used to obtain a consensus among 11 experts from 10 countries across four continents, on the appropriateness of statements relating to clinical utility, pre-analytical variables, instrument and reagent standardization, methods, reporting, and quality control for platelet flow cytometry. Feedback from the initial survey revealed that uncertainty was sometimes due to lack of expertise with a particular test condition rather than unavailable or ambiguous data. To address this, the RAND method was modified to allow experts to self-identify statements for which they could not provide expert input. There was uniform agreement among experts in the areas of instrument and reagent standardization, methods, reporting, and quality control and this agreement is used to suggest best practices in these areas. However, 25.9% and 50% of statements related to pre-analytical variables and clinical utility, respectively, were rated as uncertain. Thus, while citrate is the preferred anticoagulant for many flow cytometric platelet tests, expert opinions differed on the acceptability of other anticoagulants, particularly heparin. Lack of expert consensus on the clinical utility of many flow cytometric platelet tests indicates the need for rigorous multicenter clinical outcome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Frelinger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Platelet Research Studies, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - José Rivera
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, IMIB-Arrixaca, CB15/00055-CIBERER, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David E Connor
- Haematology Research Laboratory, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Paul Harrison
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shinji Kunishima
- Department of Advanced Diagnosis, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Research Center & The Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Platelet Research Studies, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sofia Ramström
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Spurgeon BEJ, Linden MD, Michelson AD, Frelinger AL. Immunophenotypic Analysis of Platelets by Flow Cytometry. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e178. [PMID: 34170638 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are small but very abundant blood cells that play a key role in hemostasis, contributing to thrombus formation at sites of injury. The ability of platelets to perform this function, as well as functions in immunity and inflammation, is dependent on the presence of cell surface glycoproteins and changes in their quantity and conformation after platelet stimulation. In this article, we describe the characterization of platelet surface markers and platelet function using platelet-specific fluorescent probes and flow cytometry. Unlike traditional platelet tests, immunophenotypic analysis of platelets by flow cytometry allows the analysis of platelet function in samples with very low platelet counts as often encountered in clinical situations. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Immunophenotyping of platelet surface receptors Alternate Protocol: Fix-first method for immunophenotyping of platelet surface receptors Basic Protocol 2: Determination of platelet activation using P-selectin expression and/or PAC1 binding Basic Protocol 3: Determination of procoagulant platelets using annexin V binding or antibodies specific for coagulation factor V/Va or X/Xa Support Protocol: Preparation of isolated platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew D Linden
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Spurgeon BEJ, Michelson AD, Frelinger AL. Platelet Immunophenotyping by High-Dimensional Mass Cytometry. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e112. [PMID: 33950581 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are small blood cells that contribute to hemostasis, immunity, and inflammation. Characterization of platelet surface markers allows for differentiation of activated platelets from resting platelets, diagnosis of platelet disorders, and investigation of platelet biology and pathology. In this article, we describe the use of mass cytometry or "CyTOF" (mass spectroscopy detection of metal-tagged antibodies on individual cells) to measure a large number of markers on each platelet and to identify platelet subsets based on the shared expression of multiple markers. This powerful new approach provides a vastly more detailed picture of platelet immunophenotypes than conventional flow cytometry and enables investigation of the roles of platelet subsets in health and disease. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Platelet immunophenotyping by high-dimensional mass cytometry Support Protocol: Data preprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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10
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Bongiovanni D, Klug M, Lazareva O, Weidlich S, Biasi M, Ursu S, Warth S, Buske C, Lukas M, Spinner CD, Scheidt MV, Condorelli G, Baumbach J, Laugwitz KL, List M, Bernlochner I. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a pro-thrombotic platelet phenotype. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:50. [PMID: 33414384 PMCID: PMC7790351 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a hypercoagulable state, characterized by abnormal coagulation parameters and by increased incidence of cardiovascular complications. With this study, we aimed to investigate the activation state and the expression of transmembrane proteins in platelets of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We investigated transmembrane proteins expression with a customized mass cytometry panel of 21 antibodies. Platelets of 8 hospitalized COVID-19 patients not requiring intensive care support and without pre-existing conditions were compared to platelets of healthy controls (11 donors) with and without in vitro stimulation with thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP). Mass cytometry of non-stimulated platelets detected an increased surface expression of activation markers P-Selectin (0.67 vs. 1.87 median signal intensity for controls vs. patients, p = 0.0015) and LAMP-3 (CD63, 0.37 vs. 0.81, p = 0.0004), the GPIIb/IIIa complex (4.58 vs. 5.03, p < 0.0001) and other adhesion molecules involved in platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte interactions. Upon TRAP stimulation, mass cytometry detected a higher expression of P-selectin in COVID-19 samples compared to controls (p < 0.0001). However, we observed a significantly reduced capacity of COVID-19 platelets to increase the expression of activation markers LAMP-3 and P-Selectin upon stimulation with TRAP. We detected a hyperactivated phenotype in platelets during SARS-CoV-2 infection, consisting of highly expressed platelet activation markers, which might contribute to the hypercoagulopathy observed in COVID-19. In addition, several transmembrane proteins were more highly expressed compared to healthy controls. These findings support research projects investigating antithrombotic and antiplatelet treatment regimes in COVID-19 patients, and provide new insights on the phenotypical platelet expression during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bongiovanni
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS and Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Melissa Klug
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Lazareva
- Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Weidlich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Biasi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simona Ursu
- Core Facility Cytometry, Ulm University Medical Faculty, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Warth
- Core Facility Cytometry, Ulm University Medical Faculty, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Buske
- Core Facility Cytometry, Ulm University Medical Faculty, Ulm, Germany
- CCC Ulm, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Lukas
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz von Scheidt
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS and Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus List
- Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabell Bernlochner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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Spurgeon BE, Naseem KM. Phosphoflow cytometry and barcoding in blood platelets: Technical and analytical considerations. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2020; 98:123-130. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E.J. Spurgeon
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders CenterHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Khalid M. Naseem
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of Leeds Leeds UK
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