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Hastings N, Kuan WL, Osborne A, Kotter MRN. Therapeutic Potential of Astrocyte Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221105499. [PMID: 35770772 PMCID: PMC9251977 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation is an attractive treatment strategy for a variety of brain disorders, as it promises to replenish lost functions and rejuvenate the brain. In particular, transplantation of astrocytes has come into light recently as a therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); moreover, grafting of astrocytes also showed positive results in models of other conditions ranging from neurodegenerative diseases of older age to traumatic injury and stroke. Despite clear differences in etiology, disorders such as ALS, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases, as well as traumatic injury and stroke, converge on a number of underlying astrocytic abnormalities, which include inflammatory changes, mitochondrial damage, calcium signaling disturbance, hemichannel opening, and loss of glutamate transporters. In this review, we examine these convergent pathways leading to astrocyte dysfunction, and explore the existing evidence for a therapeutic potential of transplantation of healthy astrocytes in various models. Existing literature presents a wide variety of methods to generate astrocytes, or relevant precursor cells, for subsequent transplantation, while described outcomes of this type of treatment also differ between studies. We take technical differences between methodologies into account to understand the variability of therapeutic benefits, or lack thereof, at a deeper level. We conclude by discussing some key requirements of an astrocyte graft that would be most suitable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Hastings
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei-Li Kuan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Osborne
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R N Kotter
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Han F, Hu B. Stem Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1266:21-38. [PMID: 33105493 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4370-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases caused by specific degeneration and loss of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra of the midbrain. PD is clinically characterized by motor dysfunctions and non-motor symptoms. Even though the dopamine replacement can improve the motor symptoms of PD, it cannot stop the neural degeneration and disease progression. Electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the specific brain areas can improve the symptoms, but it eventually loses the effectiveness. Stem cell transplantation provides an exciting potential for the treatment of PD. Current available cell sources include neural stem cells (NSCs) from fetal brain tissues, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) isolated from blastocyst, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from the somatic cells such as the fibroblasts and blood cells. Here, we summarize the research advance in experimental and clinical studies to transplant these cells into animal models and clinical patients, and specifically highlight the studies to use hESCs /iPSCs-derived dopaminergic precursor cells and dopamine neurons for the treatment of PD, at last propose future challenges for developing clinical-grade dopaminergic cells for treating the PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Han
- The Institute for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Nemeth C, Fine A, Fatemi A. Translational challenges in advancing regenerative therapy for treating neurological disorders using nanotechnology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:60-67. [PMID: 31100303 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The focus of regenerative therapies is to replace or enrich diseased or injured cells and tissue in an attempt to replenish the local environment and function, while slowing or halting further degeneration. Targeting neurological diseases specifically is difficult, due to the complex nature of the central nervous system, including the difficulty of bypassing the brain's natural defense systems. While cell-based regenerative therapies show promise in select tissues, preclinical and clinical studies have been largely unable to transfer these successes to the brain. Advancements in nanotechnologies have provided new methods of central nervous system access, drug and cell delivery, as well as new systems of cell maintenance and support that may bridge the gap between regenerative therapies and the brain. In this review, we discuss current regenerative therapies for neurological diseases, nanotechnology as nanocarriers, and the technical, manufacturing, and regulatory challenges that arise from inception to formulation of nanoparticle-regenerative therapies.
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Khan AR, Yang X, Fu M, Zhai G. Recent progress of drug nanoformulations targeting to brain. J Control Release 2018; 291:37-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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5
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Marshall LJ, Willett C. Parkinson's disease research: adopting a more human perspective to accelerate advances. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1950-1961. [PMID: 30240875 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects 1% of the population over 60 years old and, with global increases in the aging population, presents huge economic and societal burdens. The etiology of PD remains unknown; most cases are idiopathic, presumed to result from genetic and environmental risk factors. Despite 200 years since the first description of PD, the mechanisms behind initiation and progression of the characteristic neurodegenerative processes are not known. Here, we review progress and limitations of the multiple PD animal models available and identify advances that could be implemented to better understand pathological processes, improve disease outcome, and reduce dependence on animal models. Lessons learned from reducing animal use in PD research could serve as guideposts for wider biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Marshall
- Humane Society International, The Humane Society of the United States, 700 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Catherine Willett
- Humane Society International, The Humane Society of the United States, 700 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA.
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6
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Takahashi J. Stem cells and regenerative medicine for neural repair. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 52:102-108. [PMID: 29621691 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials of cell-based therapies that use pluripotent stem cells (PSC) have already started for several neurological diseases including spinal cord injury and age-related macular degeneration. Regarding future PSC-based clinical trials for other neurological diseases, these trials have been instrumental at recognizing first, the difference between research cell lines and clinical cell lines of a stem cell product, second, the selection of an appropriate animal model for pre-clinical study, third, criteria and the quality control of donor cells, and fourth, the mode of action of the grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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7
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Intrastriatal transplantation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth reduces motor defects in Parkinsonian rats. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:670-686. [PMID: 29576501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the neural differentiation and therapeutic effects of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS The SHED were isolated from fresh dental pulp and were induced to differentiate to neurons and dopamine neurons by inhibiting similar mothers against dpp (SMAD) signaling with Noggin and increase conversion of dopamine neurons from SHED with CHIR99021, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and FGF8 in vitro. The neural-primed SHED were transplanted to the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rats to evaluate their neural differentiation and functions in vivo. RESULTS These SHED were efficiently differentiated to neurons (62.7%) and dopamine neurons (42.3%) through a newly developed method. After transplantation, the neural-induced SHED significantly improved recovery of the motor deficits of the PD rats. The grafted SHED were differentiated into neurons (61%), including dopamine neurons (22.3%), and integrated into the host rat brain by forming synaptic connections. Patch clamp analysis showed that neurons derived from grafted SHED have the same membrane potential profile as dopamine neurons, indicating these cells are dopamine neuron-like cells. The potential molecular mechanism of SHED transplantation in alleviating motor deficits of the rats is likely to be mediated by neuronal replacement and immune-modulation as we detected the transplanted dopamine neurons and released immune cytokines from SHED. CONCLUSION Using neural-primed SHED to treat PD showed significant restorations of motor deficits in 6-OHDA-induced rats. These observations provide further evidence that SHED can be used for cell-based therapy of PD.
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Marsh SE, Blurton-Jones M. Neural stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative disorders: The role of neurotrophic support. Neurochem Int 2017; 106:94-100. [PMID: 28219641 PMCID: PMC5446923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease currently affect tens of millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, as the world's population ages, the incidence of many of these diseases will continue to rise and is expected to more than double by 2050. Despite significant research and a growing understanding of disease pathogenesis, only a handful of therapies are currently available and all of them provide only transient benefits. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel disease-modifying therapies to prevent the development or slow the progression of these debilitating disorders. A growing number of pre-clinical studies have suggested that transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) could offer a promising new therapeutic approach for neurodegeneration. While much of the initial excitement about this strategy focused on the use of NSCs to replace degenerating neurons, more recent studies have implicated NSC-mediated changes in neurotrophins as a major mechanism of therapeutic efficacy. In this mini-review we will discuss recent work that examines the ability of NSCs to provide trophic support to disease-effected neuronal populations and synapses in models of neurodegeneration. We will then also discuss some of key challenges that remain before NSC-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases can be translated toward potential clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Marsh
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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9
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Irion S, Zabierowski SE, Tomishima MJ. Bringing Neural Cell Therapies to the Clinic: Past and Future Strategies. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2017; 4:72-82. [PMID: 28344993 PMCID: PMC5363320 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy in the nervous system has a rich history, with ∼40 years of research and ∼30 years of clinical experience. There is compelling evidence that appropriate cells can integrate and function in the dysfunctioning human nervous system, but the clinical results are mixed in practice. A number of factors conspire to vary patient outcome: the indication, cell source, patient selection, and team performing transplantation are all variables that can affect efficacy. Most early clinical trials have used fetal cells, a limited cell source that resists scale and standardization. Direct fetal cell transplantation creates significant challenges to commercialization that is the ultimate goal of an effective cell therapy. One approach to help scale and standardize fetal cell preparations is the expansion of neural cells in vitro. Expansion is achieved by transformation or through the application of mitogens before cryopreservation. Recently, neural cells derived from pluripotent stem cells have provided a scalable alternative. Pluripotent stem cells are desirable for manufacturing but present alternative concerns and manufacturing obstacles. All cell sources require robust and reproducible manufacturing to make nervous system cell replacement therapy an option for patients. Here, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for cell replacement in the nervous system. In this review, we give an overview of completed and ongoing neural cell transplantation clinical trials, and we discuss the challenges and opportunities for future cell replacement trials with a particular focus on pluripotent stem cell-derived therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Irion
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Susan E. Zabierowski
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
- SKI Stem Cell Research Facility and Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark J. Tomishima
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
- SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
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10
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Chan HH, Wathen CA, Ni M, Zhuo S. Stem cell therapies for ischemic stroke: current animal models, clinical trials and biomaterials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the facilitation of stem cell therapy in stroke by tissue engineering and applications of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh H. Chan
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
- Department of Neuroscience
| | | | - Ming Ni
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
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11
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Towns CR. The science and ethics of cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 34:1-6. [PMID: 28341222 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is an age-related, disabling neurodegenerative disorder. Although sufferers usually respond to dopamine agonists for extended periods, the disease remains progressive and adverse drug effects can compromise effective long term treatment. Cell-based therapies have been the subject of much hype and optimism with regard to PD. Proof of principle was provided in the 1980s with fetal tissue transplantation trials demonstrating successful graft survival. Embryonic stem cells and reprogrammed or transdifferentiated somatic cells may provide alternative sources of tissue with the potential to overcome the material shortages and technical difficulties that have hindered fetal neural transplants. This article will review the state of the science for cell based therapies and examine the ethical issues that societies must negotiate regarding their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Towns
- Department of General Medicine, Wellington Hospital, New Zealand; Bioethics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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12
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Han F, Baremberg D, Gao J, Duan J, Lu X, Zhang N, Chen Q. Development of stem cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2015; 4:16. [PMID: 26339485 PMCID: PMC4559356 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-015-0039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders of aging, characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons (DA neurons) in the substantial nigra, leading to the advent of both motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms. Current treatments include electrical stimulation of the affected brain areas and dopamine replacement therapy. Even though both categories are effective in treating PD patients, the disease progression cannot be stopped. The research advance into cell therapies provides exciting potential for the treatment of PD. Current cell sources include neural stem cells (NSCs) from fetal brain tissues, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and directly induced dopamine neurons (iDA neurons). Here, we evaluate the research progress in different cell sources with a focus on using iPSCs as a valuable source and propose key challenges for developing cells suitable for large-scale clinical applications in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Han
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng People's Hospital/Affiliated Liaocheng Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, 252000 China
| | - Deborah Baremberg
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng People's Hospital/Affiliated Liaocheng Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, 252000 China
| | - Junyu Gao
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng People's Hospital/Affiliated Liaocheng Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, 252000 China
| | - Jing Duan
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng People's Hospital/Affiliated Liaocheng Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, 252000 China
| | - Xianjie Lu
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng People's Hospital/Affiliated Liaocheng Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, 252000 China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng People's Hospital/Affiliated Liaocheng Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, 252000 China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng People's Hospital/Affiliated Liaocheng Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, 252000 China
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development has been an intense area of research during recent years. This is due in part to a growing interest in regenerative medicine and the hope that treatment for diseases affecting mDA neurons, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), might be facilitated by a better understanding of how these neurons are specified, differentiated and maintained in vivo. This knowledge might help to instruct efforts to generate mDA neurons in vitro, which holds promise not only for cell replacement therapy, but also for disease modeling and drug discovery. In this Primer, we will focus on recent developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development of mDA neurons in vivo, and how they have been used to generate human mDA neurons in vitro from pluripotent stem cells or from somatic cells via direct reprogramming. Current challenges and future avenues in the development of a regenerative medicine for PD will be identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center of Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Mark Denham
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center of Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - J. Carlos Villaescusa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center of Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
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14
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Collier TJ, O'Malley J, Rademacher DJ, Stancati JA, Sisson KA, Sortwell CE, Paumier KL, Gebremedhin KG, Steece-Collier K. Interrogating the aged striatum: robust survival of grafted dopamine neurons in aging rats produces inferior behavioral recovery and evidence of impaired integration. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 77:191-203. [PMID: 25771169 PMCID: PMC4402284 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced age is the primary risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). In PD patients and rodent models of PD, advanced age is associated with inferior symptomatic benefit following intrastriatal grafting of embryonic dopamine (DA) neurons, a pattern believed to result from decreased survival and reinnervation provided by grafted neurons in the aged host. To help understand the capacity of the aged, parkinsonian striatum to be remodeled with new DA terminals, we used a grafting model and examined whether increasing the number of grafted DA neurons in aged rats would translate to enhanced behavioral recovery. Young (3months), middle-aged (15months), and aged (22months) parkinsonian rats were grafted with proportionately increasing numbers of embryonic ventral mesencephalic (VM) cells to evaluate whether the limitations of the graft environment in subjects of advancing age can be offset by increased numbers of transplanted neurons. Despite robust survival of grafted neurons in aged rats, reinnervation of striatal neurons remained inferior and amelioration of levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) was delayed or absent. This study demonstrates that: 1) counter to previous evidence, under certain conditions the aged striatum can support robust survival of grafted DA neurons; and 2) unknown factors associated with the aged striatum result in inferior integration of graft and host, and continue to present obstacles to full therapeutic efficacy of DA cell-based therapy in this model of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Collier
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jennifer O'Malley
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Child Neurology, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - David J Rademacher
- Lake Forest College, Department of Psychology, 555 N Sheridan Rd, Lake Forest, IL 60045, USA
| | - Jennifer A Stancati
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Kellie A Sisson
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Katrina L Paumier
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Kibrom G Gebremedhin
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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15
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Roberton VH, Rosser AE, Kelly CM. Neonatal desensitization for the study of regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2015; 10:265-74. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement is a therapeutic option for numerous diseases of the CNS. Current research has identified a number of potential human donor cell types, for which preclinical testing through xenotransplantation in animal models is imperative. Immune modulation is necessary to promote donor cell survival for sufficient time to assess safety and efficacy. Neonatal desensitization can promote survival of human donor cells in adult rat hosts with little impact on the health of the host and for substantially longer than conventional methods, and has subsequently been applied in a range of studies with variable outcomes. Reviewing these findings may provide insight into the method and its potential for use in preclinical studies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H Roberton
- Brain Repair Group, Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Anne E Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine & Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Claire M Kelly
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB, UK
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16
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Hallett PJ, Cooper O, Sadi D, Robertson H, Mendez I, Isacson O. Long-term health of dopaminergic neuron transplants in Parkinson's disease patients. Cell Rep 2014; 7:1755-61. [PMID: 24910427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the long-term health and function of transplanted dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, the expression of dopamine transporters (DATs) and mitochondrial morphology were examined in human fetal midbrain cellular transplants. DAT was robustly expressed in transplanted dopamine neuron terminals in the reinnervated host putamen and caudate for at least 14 years after transplantation. The transplanted dopamine neurons showed a healthy and nonatrophied morphology at all time points. Labeling of the mitochondrial outer membrane protein Tom20 and α-synuclein showed a typical cellular pathology in the patients' own substantia nigra, which was not observed in transplanted dopamine neurons. These results show that the vast majority of transplanted neurons remain healthy for the long term in PD patients, consistent with clinical findings that fetal dopamine neuron transplants maintain function for up to 15-18 years in patients. These findings are critically important for the rational development of stem-cell-based dopamine neuronal replacement therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard University and McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Oliver Cooper
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard University and McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Damaso Sadi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS B3H 3A7, Canada
| | - Harold Robertson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS B3H 3A7, Canada
| | - Ivar Mendez
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS B3H 3A7, Canada
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard University and McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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Ambasudhan R, Dolatabadi N, Nutter A, Masliah E, Mckercher SR, Lipton SA. Potential for cell therapy in Parkinson's disease using genetically programmed human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2845-56. [PMID: 24756727 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural transplantation is a promising strategy for restoring dopaminergic dysfunction and modifying disease progression in Parkinson's disease (PD). Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a potential resource in this regard because of their ability to provide a virtually limitless supply of homogenous dopaminergic progenitors and neurons of appropriate lineage. The recent advances in developing robust cell culture protocols for directed differentiation of hESCs to near pure populations of ventral mesencephalic (A9-type) dopaminergic neurons has heightened the prospects for PD cell therapy. Here, we focus our review on current state-of-the-art techniques for harnessing hESC-based strategies toward development of a stem cell therapeutic for PD. Importantly, we also briefly describe a novel genetic-programming approach that may address many of the key challenges that remain in the field and that may hasten clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ambasudhan
- Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
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Buttery PC, Barker RA. Treating Parkinson's disease in the 21st century: can stem cell transplantation compete? J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2802-16. [PMID: 24610597 PMCID: PMC4233918 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic and selective degeneration of a unique population of cells—the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons—that occurs in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has made the condition an iconic target for cell replacement therapies. Indeed, transplantation of fetal ventral mesencephalic cells into the DA-deficient striatum was first trialled nearly 30 years ago, at a time when other treatments for the disease were less well developed. Over recent decades standard treatments for PD have advanced, and newer biological therapies are now emerging. In the 21st century, stem cell technology will have to compete alongside other sophisticated treatments, including deep brain stimulation and gene therapies. In this review we examine how stem cell–based transplantation therapies compare with these novel and emerging treatments in the management of this common condition. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2802–2816, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Buttery
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Pruszak J. A brief perspective on neural cell therapy. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:2. [PMID: 26056571 PMCID: PMC4452046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
For a range of nervous system disorders current treatment options remain limited. Focusing on Parkinson's disease as a neurodegenerative entity that affects an increasing quantity of people in our aging societies, we briefly discuss remaining challenges and opportunities that neural stem cell therapy might be able to offer. Providing a snapshot of neural transplantation paradigms, we contemplate possible imminent translational scenarios and discuss critical requirements to be considered before clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pruszak
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Pruszak J. A brief perspective on neural cell therapy. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:2. [PMID: 26056571 PMCID: PMC4452046 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
For a range of nervous system disorders current treatment options remain limited. Focusing on Parkinson’s disease as a neurodegenerative entity that affects an increasing quantity of people in our aging societies, we briefly discuss remaining challenges and opportunities that neural stem cell therapy might be able to offer. Providing a snapshot of neural transplantation paradigms, we contemplate possible imminent translational scenarios and discuss critical requirements to be considered before clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pruszak
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Dunnett SB, Rosser AE. Challenges for taking primary and stem cells into clinical neurotransplantation trials for neurodegenerative disease. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 61:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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22
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How can we judge the ‘long term’ outcomes of novel interventions in Parkinson’s disease? Neuroreport 2013; 24:1005-9. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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