1
|
Cepero-Escribano V, Cerda-Company X, León-Cabrera P, Olivé G, Cucurell D, Gasa-Roqué A, Gabarrós A, Naval-Baudin P, Camins À, Rico I, Fernández-Coello A, Sierpowska J, Rodríguez-Fornells A. Can the knight capture the queen? The role of supramarginal gyrus in chess rule-retrieval as evidenced by a novel combined awake brain mapping and fMRI protocol. Cortex 2024; 178:235-244. [PMID: 39047332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Brain tumours represent a burden for society, not only due to the risks they entail but also because of the possibility of losing relevant cognitive functions for the patient's life after their resection. In the present study, we report how we monitored chess performance through a multimodal Electrical Stimulation Mapping (ESM) - functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) combined protocol. The ESM was performed under a left parietal lobe tumour resection surgery on a patient that expressed the desire to preserve his chess playing ability post-operative. We designed an ad-hoc protocol to evaluate processes involved in chess performance that could be potentially affected by the tumour location: (i) visual search, (ii) rule-retrieval, and (iii) anticipation of checkmate. The fMRI study reported functional regions for chess performance, some of them proximal to the lesion in the left parietal lobe. The most relevant result was a positive eloquent point encountered in the vicinity of the left supramarginal gyrus while performing the rule-retrieval task in the ESM. This functional region was convergent with the activations observed in the pre-operative fMRI study for this condition. The behavioural assessment comparison revealed post-operative an increase in reaction time in some tasks but correctness in performance was maintained. Finally, the patient maintained the ability to play chess after the surgery. Our results provide a plausible protocol for future interventions and suggest a role of the left supramarginal gyrus in chess cognitive operations for the case presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Cepero-Escribano
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Computer Vision Centre (CVC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xim Cerda-Company
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Computer Vision Centre (CVC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Computer Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Patricia León-Cabrera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Area of Psychology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Olivé
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain
| | - David Cucurell
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain
| | - Anna Gasa-Roqué
- Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurology Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Gabarrós
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurosurgery Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Naval-Baudin
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Centre Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge, Translational Imaging Biomarkers Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Camins
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Centre Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge, Translational Imaging Biomarkers Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Immaculada Rico
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurology Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Coello
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurosurgery Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanna Sierpowska
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sridhar S, Khamaj A, Asthana MK. Cognitive neuroscience perspective on memory: overview and summary. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1217093. [PMID: 37565054 PMCID: PMC10410470 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1217093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores memory from a cognitive neuroscience perspective and examines associated neural mechanisms. It examines the different types of memory: working, declarative, and non-declarative, and the brain regions involved in each type. The paper highlights the role of different brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex in working memory and the hippocampus in declarative memory. The paper also examines the mechanisms that underlie the formation and consolidation of memory, including the importance of sleep in the consolidation of memory and the role of the hippocampus in linking new memories to existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights two types of memory consolidation processes: cellular consolidation and system consolidation. Cellular consolidation is the process of stabilizing information by strengthening synaptic connections. System consolidation models suggest that memories are initially stored in the hippocampus and are gradually consolidated into the neocortex over time. The consolidation process involves a hippocampal-neocortical binding process incorporating newly acquired information into existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights the role of the medial temporal lobe and its involvement in autobiographical memory. Further, the paper discusses the relationship between episodic and semantic memory and the role of the hippocampus. Finally, the paper underscores the need for further research into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying non-declarative memory, particularly conditioning. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview from a cognitive neuroscience perspective of the different processes involved in memory consolidation of different types of memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sridhar
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Khamaj
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Kumar Asthana
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
- Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rolls ET, Deco G, Huang CC, Feng J. The human posterior parietal cortex: effective connectome, and its relation to function. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3142-3170. [PMID: 35834902 PMCID: PMC10401905 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective connectivity between 21 regions in the human posterior parietal cortex, and 360 cortical regions was measured in 171 Human Connectome Project (HCP) participants using the HCP atlas, and complemented with functional connectivity and diffusion tractography. Intraparietal areas LIP, VIP, MIP, and AIP have connectivity from early cortical visual regions, and to visuomotor regions such as the frontal eye fields, consistent with functions in eye saccades and tracking. Five superior parietal area 7 regions receive from similar areas and from the intraparietal areas, but also receive somatosensory inputs and connect with premotor areas including area 6, consistent with functions in performing actions to reach for, grasp, and manipulate objects. In the anterior inferior parietal cortex, PFop, PFt, and PFcm are mainly somatosensory, and PF in addition receives visuo-motor and visual object information, and is implicated in multimodal shape and body image representations. In the posterior inferior parietal cortex, PFm and PGs combine visuo-motor, visual object, and reward input and connect with the hippocampal system. PGi in addition provides a route to motion-related superior temporal sulcus regions involved in social interactions. PGp has connectivity with intraparietal regions involved in coordinate transforms and may be involved in idiothetic update of hippocampal visual scene representations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200602, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 200602, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rolls ET, Wirth S, Deco G, Huang C, Feng J. The human posterior cingulate, retrosplenial, and medial parietal cortex effective connectome, and implications for memory and navigation. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:629-655. [PMID: 36178249 PMCID: PMC9842927 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The human posterior cingulate, retrosplenial, and medial parietal cortex are involved in memory and navigation. The functional anatomy underlying these cognitive functions was investigated by measuring the effective connectivity of these Posterior Cingulate Division (PCD) regions in the Human Connectome Project-MMP1 atlas in 171 HCP participants, and complemented with functional connectivity and diffusion tractography. First, the postero-ventral parts of the PCD (31pd, 31pv, 7m, d23ab, and v23ab) have effective connectivity with the temporal pole, inferior temporal visual cortex, cortex in the superior temporal sulcus implicated in auditory and semantic processing, with the reward-related vmPFC and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, with the inferior parietal cortex, and with the hippocampal system. This connectivity implicates it in hippocampal episodic memory, providing routes for "what," reward and semantic schema-related information to access the hippocampus. Second, the antero-dorsal parts of the PCD (especially 31a and 23d, PCV, and also RSC) have connectivity with early visual cortical areas including those that represent spatial scenes, with the superior parietal cortex, with the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, and with the hippocampal system. This connectivity implicates it in the "where" component for hippocampal episodic memory and for spatial navigation. The dorsal-transitional-visual (DVT) and ProStriate regions where the retrosplenial scene area is located have connectivity from early visual cortical areas to the parahippocampal scene area, providing a ventromedial route for spatial scene information to reach the hippocampus. These connectivities provide important routes for "what," reward, and "where" scene-related information for human hippocampal episodic memory and navigation. The midcingulate cortex provides a route from the anterior dorsal parts of the PCD and the supracallosal part of the anterior cingulate cortex to premotor regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T. Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational NeuroscienceOxfordUK
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired IntelligenceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired IntelligenceFudan University, Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
- Fudan ISTBI—ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain‐Inspired IntelligenceZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Sylvia Wirth
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229CNRS and University of LyonBronFrance
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication TechnologiesUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
- Brain and CognitionPompeu Fabra UniversityBarcelonaSpain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Chu‐Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired IntelligenceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired IntelligenceFudan University, Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
- Fudan ISTBI—ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain‐Inspired IntelligenceZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rolls ET, Deco G, Huang CC, Feng J. The human language effective connectome. Neuroimage 2022; 258:119352. [PMID: 35659999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To advance understanding of brain networks involved in language, the effective connectivity between 26 cortical regions implicated in language by a community analysis and 360 cortical regions was measured in 171 humans from the Human Connectome Project, and complemented with functional connectivity and diffusion tractography, all using the HCP multimodal parcellation atlas. A (semantic) network (Group 1) involving inferior cortical regions of the superior temporal sulcus cortex (STS) with the adjacent inferior temporal visual cortex TE1a and temporal pole TG, and the connected parietal PGi region, has effective connectivity with inferior temporal visual cortex (TE) regions; with parietal PFm which also has visual connectivity; with posterior cingulate cortex memory-related regions; with the frontal pole, orbitofrontal cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex; with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; and with 44 and 45 for output regions. It is proposed that this system can build in its temporal lobe (STS and TG) and parietal parts (PGi and PGs) semantic representations of objects incorporating especially their visual and reward properties. Another (semantic) network (Group 3) involving superior regions of the superior temporal sulcus cortex and more superior temporal lobe regions including STGa, auditory A5, TPOJ1, the STV and the Peri-Sylvian Language area (PSL) has effective connectivity with auditory areas (A1, A4, A5, Pbelt); with relatively early visual areas involved in motion, e.g., MT and MST, and faces/words (FFC); with somatosensory regions (frontal opercular FOP, insula and parietal PF); with other TPOJ regions; and with the inferior frontal gyrus regions (IFJa and IFSp). It is proposed that this system builds semantic representations specialising in auditory and related facial motion information useful in theory of mind and somatosensory / body image information, with outputs directed not only to regions 44 and 45, but also to premotor 55b and midcingulate premotor cortex. Both semantic networks (Groups 1 and 3) have access to the hippocampal episodic memory system via parahippocampal TF. A third largely frontal network (Group 2) (44, 45, 47l; 55b; the Superior Frontal Language region SFL; and including temporal pole TGv) receives effective connectivity from the two semantic systems, and is implicated in syntax and speech output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China.
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200602, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao S, Shibata K, Hellyer PJ, Trender W, Manohar S, Hampshire A, Husain M. Rapid vigilance and episodic memory decrements in COVID-19 survivors. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcab295. [PMID: 35128398 PMCID: PMC8807287 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that COVID-19 infection can lead to serious neurological consequences in a small percentage of individuals. However, in the months following acute illness, many more suffer from fatigue, low motivation, disturbed mood, poor sleep and cognitive symptoms, colloquially referred to as 'brain fog'. But what about individuals who had asymptomatic to moderate COVID-19 and reported no concerns after recovering from COVID-19? Here, we examined a wide range of cognitive functions critical for daily life (including sustained attention, memory, motor control, planning, semantic reasoning, mental rotation and spatial-visual attention) in people who had previously suffered from COVID-19 but were not significantly different from a control group on self-reported fatigue, forgetfulness, sleep abnormality, motivation, depression, anxiety and personality profile. Reassuringly, COVID-19 survivors performed well in most abilities tested, including working memory, executive function, planning and mental rotation. However, they displayed significantly worse episodic memory (up to 6 months post-infection) and greater decline in vigilance with time on task (for up to 9 months). Overall, the results show that specific chronic cognitive changes following COVID-19 are evident on objective testing even amongst those who do not report a greater symptom burden. Importantly, in the sample tested here, these were not significantly different from normal after 6-9 months, demonstrating evidence of recovery over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zhao
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Kengo Shibata
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Peter J. Hellyer
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 926, Sir Michael Uren Hub, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - William Trender
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 926, Sir Michael Uren Hub, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Sanjay Manohar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 926, Sir Michael Uren Hub, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Masud Husain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lenormand D, Piolino P. In search of a naturalistic neuroimaging approach: Exploration of general feasibility through the case of VR-fMRI and application in the domain of episodic memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 133:104499. [PMID: 34914938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) is an increasingly widespread tool for research as it allows the creation of experiments taking place in multimodal and daily-life-like environments, while keeping a strong experimental control. Adding neuroimaging to VR leads to a better understanding of the underlying brain networks activated during a naturalistic task, whether for research purposes or rehabilitation. The present paper focuses on the specific use of concurrent VR and fMRI and its technical challenges and feasibility, with a brief examination of the general existing solutions. Following the PRISMA guidelines, the review investigates the particular case of how VR-fMRI has explored episodic memory so far, with a comparison of object- and place-based episodic memory. This review confirms the involvement of cerebral regions well-known to be implicated in episodic memory and unravels other regions devoted to bodily and narrative aspects of the self, promoting new avenues of research in the domain of naturalistic episodic memory. Future studies should develop more immersive and interactive virtual neuroimaging features to increase ecological and embodied neurocognition aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Lenormand
- Université de Paris, MC(2)Lab, 71 avenue Edouard Vaillant, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Pascale Piolino
- Université de Paris, MC(2)Lab, 71 avenue Edouard Vaillant, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thakral PP, Madore KP, Addis DR, Schacter DL. Reinstatement of Event Details during Episodic Simulation in the Hippocampus. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:2321-2337. [PMID: 31701122 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the constructive episodic simulation hypothesis, episodic simulation (i.e., imagining specific novel future episodes) draws on some of the same neurocognitive processes that support episodic memory (i.e., recalling specific past episodes). Episodic retrieval supports the ability to simulate future experiences by providing access to episodic details (e.g., the people and locations that comprise memories) that can be recombined in new ways. In the current functional neuroimaging study, we test this hypothesis by examining whether the hippocampus, a region implicated in the reinstatement of episodic information during memory, supports reinstatement of episodic information during simulation. Employing a multivoxel pattern similarity analysis, we interrogated the similarity between hippocampal neural patterns during memory and simulation at the level of individual event details. Our findings indicate that the hippocampus supports the reinstatement of detail-specific information from episodic memory during simulation, with the level of reinstatement contributing to the subjective experience of simulated details.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preston P Thakral
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin P Madore
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donna Rose Addis
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.,School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Daniel L Schacter
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ji S, Ma H, Yao M, Guo M, Li S, Chen N, Liu X, Shao X, Yao Z, Hu B. Aberrant Temporal Variability in Brain Regions during Risk Decision Making in Patients with Bipolar I Disorder: A Dynamic Effective Connectivity Study. Neuroscience 2021; 469:68-78. [PMID: 34153355 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar I disorder (BD-I) is associated with high-risk behaviors, such as suicide attempts and addictive substance abuse. Understanding brain activity exposure to risk decision making provides evidence for the treatment of BD-I patients. This study aimed to investigate the temporal dynamics of brain connectivity underlying risk decision making in patients with BD-I. A total of 101 subjects (48 BD-I patients and 53 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs)) were included in this research. We analyzed the fMRI data acquired during Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) performance. Voxel-wise dynamic effective connectivity (dEC) was employed to measure the activities in 264 brain regions. The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as temporal dynamics of brain connectivity. Finally, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the relationships of dEC in brain regions with clinical symptoms, behavior performances in patients. Results showed that BD-I patients exhibited increased dynamics in four lobes and exhibited decreased in three frontal regions. Besides, SEM results showed that the impulsive symptoms of patients were affected by the dEC during both resting and task states. Moreover, the dEC of left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) influenced those of left orbital frontal and right cuneus (CUN), as well as the affective symptoms and BART behaviors in patients with BD-I. Our results suggested that the altered temporal dynamics of brain connectivity might contribute to the impulsivity of BD-I during resting and task states. More importantly, the left SMG might be a therapeutic target to reduce the risk behavior in BD-I patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanling Ji
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mengyuan Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Man Guo
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Shan Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Xuexiao Shao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Zhijun Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.
| | - Bin Hu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China; School of Computer Science, Qinghai Normal University, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Joint Research Center for Cognitive Neurosensor Technology of Lanzhou University & Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Engineering Research Center of Open Source Software and Real-Time System (Lanzhou University), Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dubravac M, Meier B. Stimulating the parietal cortex by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): no effects on attention and memory. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:33-46. [PMID: 33490371 PMCID: PMC7815482 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective attention is relevant for goal directed behavior as it allows people to attend to task-relevant target stimuli and to ignore task-irrelevant distractors. Attentional focus at encoding affects subsequent memory for target and distractor stimuli. Remembering selectively more targets than distractors represents memory selectivity. Brain imaging studies suggest that the superior parietal cortex is associated with the dorsal attentional network supporting top-down control of selective attention while the inferior parietal cortex is associated with the ventral attentional network supporting bottom-up attentional orienting. To investigate the roles of the dorsal and ventral networks in the effect of selective attention during encoding on long-term memory, we stimulated the left superior and the right inferior parietal cortex. Building on previous work, we applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during a study phase where pictures and words were presented simultaneously and participants had to switch between a picture and a word decision. A subsequent recognition test assessed memory for target and distractor pictures and words. We hypothesized that a relative increase in activity in the dorsal network would boost selective attention while increased activity in the ventral network would impair selective attention. We also expected to find corresponding effects on memory. Enhanced selective attention should lead to higher memory selectivity, while impaired selective attention should lead to lower memory selectivity. Our results replicated that task switching reduced memory selectivity. However, we found no significant effects of tDCS. Thus, the present study questions the effectiveness of the present tDCS protocol for modulating attention during task switching and subsequent memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Dubravac
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat Meier
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cabeza R, Becker M, Davis SW. Are the hippocampus and its network necessary for creativity? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13870-13872. [PMID: 32513728 PMCID: PMC7322037 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008601117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cabeza
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708;
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxi Becker
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon W Davis
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cortical Overlap and Cortical-Hippocampal Interactions Predict Subsequent True and False Memory. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1920-1930. [PMID: 31974208 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1766-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The declarative memory system allows us to accurately recognize a countless number of items and events, particularly those strengthened by repeated exposure. However, increased familiarity due to repetition can also lead to false recognition of related but new items, particularly when mechanisms supporting fine-grain mnemonic discrimination fail. The hippocampus is thought to be particularly important in separating overlapping cortical inputs during encoding so that similar experiences can be differentiated. In the current study of male and female human subjects, we examine how neural pattern similarity between repeated exemplars of a given concept (e.g., apple) influences true and false memory for target or lure images. Consistent with past work, we found that subsequent true recognition was related to pattern similarity between concept exemplars and the entire encoding set (global encoding similarity), particularly in ventral visual stream. In addition, memory for an individual target exemplar (a specific apple) could be predicted solely by the degree of pattern overlap between the other exemplars (different apple pictures) of that concept (concept-specific encoding similarity). Critically, subsequent false memory for lures was mitigated when high concept-specific similarity in cortical areas was accompanied by differentiated hippocampal representations of the corresponding exemplars. Furthermore, both true and false memory entailed the reinstatement of concept-related information at varying levels of specificity. These results link both true and false memory to a measure of concept strength expressed in the overlap of cortical representations, and importantly, illustrate how the hippocampus serves to separate concurrent cortical overlap in the service of detailed memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In some instances, the same processes that help promote memory for a general idea or concept can also hinder more detailed memory judgments, which may involve differentiating between closely related items. The current study shows that increased overlap in cortical representations for conceptually-related pictures is associated with increased recognition of repeated concept pictures. Whether similar lure items were falsely remembered as old further depended on the hippocampus, where the presence of more distinct representations protected against later false memory. This work suggests that the differentiability of brain patterns during perception is related to the differentiability of items in memory, but that fine-grain discrimination depends on the interaction between cortex and hippocampus.
Collapse
|
13
|
Posterior Hippocampal Spindle Ripples Co-occur with Neocortical Theta Bursts and Downstates-Upstates, and Phase-Lock with Parietal Spindles during NREM Sleep in Humans. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8949-8968. [PMID: 31530646 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2858-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human anterior and posterior hippocampus (aHC, pHC) differ in connectivity and behavioral correlates. Here we report physiological differences in humans of both sexes. During NREM sleep, the human hippocampus generates sharpwave ripples (SWRs) similar to those which in rodents mark memory replay. We show that while pHC generates SWRs, it also generates approximately as many spindle ripples (SSR: ripples phase-locked to local spindles). In contrast, SSRs are rare in aHC. Like SWRs, SSRs often co-occur with neocortical theta bursts (TBs), downstates (DSs), sleep spindles (SSs), and upstates (USs), which coordinate cortico-hippocampal interactions and facilitate consolidation in rodents. SWRs co-occur with these waves in widespread cortical areas, especially frontocentral. These waves typically occur in the sequence TB-DS-SS-US, with SWRs usually occurring before SS-US. In contrast, SSRs occur ∼350 ms later, with a strong preference for co-occurrence with posterior-parietal SSs. pHC-SSs were strongly phase-locked with parietal-SSs, and pHC-SSRs were phase-coupled with pHC-SSs and parietal-SSs. Human SWRs (and associated replay events, if any) are separated by ∼5 s on average, whereas ripples on successive SSR peaks are separated by only ∼80 ms. These distinctive physiological properties of pHC-SSR enable an alternative mechanism for hippocampal engagement with neocortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Rodent hippocampal neurons replay waking events during sharpwave ripples (SWRs) in NREM sleep, facilitating memory transfer to a permanent cortical store. We show that human anterior hippocampus also produces SWRs, but spindle ripples predominate in posterior. Whereas SWRs typically occur as cortex emerges from inactivity, spindle ripples typically occur at peak cortical activity. Furthermore, posterior hippocampal spindle ripples are tightly coupled to posterior parietal locations activated by conscious recollection. Finally, multiple spindle ripples can recur within a second, whereas SWRs are separated by ∼5 s. The human posterior hippocampus is considered homologous to rodent dorsal hippocampus, which is thought to be specialized for consolidation of specific memory details. We speculate that these distinct physiological characteristics of posterior hippocampal spindle ripples may support a related function in humans.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rutishauser U. Testing Models of Human Declarative Memory at the Single-Neuron Level. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:510-524. [PMID: 31031021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms of declarative memory is a major goal of neuroscience. While much theoretical progress has been made, it has proven difficult to experimentally verify key predictions of some foundational models of memory. Recently, single-neuron recordings in human patients have started to provide direct experimental verification of some theories, including mnemonic evidence accumulation, balance-of-evidence for confidence judgments, sparse coding, contextual reinstatement, and the ventral tegmental area (VTA)-hippocampus loop model. Here, we summarize the cell types that have been described in the medial temporal lobe and posterior parietal cortex, discuss their properties, and reflect on how these findings inform theoretical work. This body of work exemplifies the scientific power of a synergistic combination of modeling and human single-neuron recordings to advance cognitive neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ueli Rutishauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu W, Wu Y, Cheng G, Zhang C, Wang H, Li Y. A Mouse Model of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Demonstrates Potentially Reversible Effects on Hippocampal Neurons and Postoperative Cognitive Function. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1526-1536. [PMID: 30808858 PMCID: PMC6404631 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate cognitive function, hippocampal neuronal changes, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in a mouse model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Material/Methods Sixty mice were divided into the sham group, which underwent surgery without vascular occlusion; the I/R1 group, with occlusion of the left hepatic artery and portal vein for 20 min, and reperfusion for 30 min; and the I/R2 group, with occlusion of the left hepatic artery and portal vein for 40 min, and reperfusion for 30 min. At postoperative day 4 and 11, ten mice from each group underwent the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Hippocampal tissues were stained for Nissl bodies. Expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were quantified by immunohistochemistry. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Groups I/R1 and I/R2 showed a significantly increased latency in the MWM test between days 5–9, compared with the sham group (P<0.05), with no difference by day 11; the I/R2 group had an initial lower crossing frequency (P<0.05), with no difference by day 18. The I/R2 group showed reduced numbers of Nissl bodies in hippocampal neurons. The I/R1 and I/R2 groups had increased expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β and decreased ChAT. No differences between the groups were found in levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, or ChAT by day 18. Conclusions A mouse model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury showed transient and reversible cognitive dysfunction, changes in hippocampal neurons, and expression of inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Gao Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Hongxian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanhai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|