1
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Sola D, Tran L, Våge J, Madslien K, Vuong TT, Korpenfelt SL, Ågren EO, Averhed G, Nöremark M, Sörén K, Isaksson M, Acín C, Badiola JJ, Gavier-Widén D, Benestad SL. Heterogeneity of pathological prion protein accumulation in the brain of moose (Alces alces) from Norway, Sweden and Finland with chronic wasting disease. Vet Res 2023; 54:74. [PMID: 37684668 PMCID: PMC10492377 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative, transmissible, and fatal disorders that affect several animal species. They are characterized by the conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the pathological prion protein (PrPSc). In 2016, chronic wasting disease (CWD) gained great importance at European level due to the first disease detection in a wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Norway. The subsequent intensive CWD surveillance launched in cervids resulted in the detection of CWD in moose (Alces alces), with 11 cases in Norway, 3 in Finland and 4 in Sweden. These moose cases differ considerably from CWD cases in North American and reindeer in Norway, as PrPSc was detectable in the brain but not in lymphoid tissues. These facts suggest the occurrence of a new type of CWD. Here, we show some immunohistochemical features that are clearly different from CWD cases in North American and Norwegian reindeer. Further, the different types of PrPSc deposits found among moose demonstrate strong variations between the cases, supporting the postulation that these cases could carry multiple strains of CWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sola
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Linh Tran
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for CWD (SLB), Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Postboks 64, 1431, Ås, Ås, Norway
| | - Jørn Våge
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for CWD (SLB), Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Postboks 64, 1431, Ås, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Madslien
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for CWD (SLB), Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Postboks 64, 1431, Ås, Ås, Norway
| | - Tram T Vuong
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for CWD (SLB), Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Postboks 64, 1431, Ås, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Erik O Ågren
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustav Averhed
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Nöremark
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Sörén
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Isaksson
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cristina Acín
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan José Badiola
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dolores Gavier-Widén
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7028, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sylvie L Benestad
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for CWD (SLB), Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Postboks 64, 1431, Ås, Ås, Norway
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2
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Kim RO, Lee EJ, Kim SI, Park SH, Kwon KY. Rapidly progressive dementia with severe insomnia: an unusual case of progressive supranuclear palsy mimicking dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:2953-2955. [PMID: 36959333 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rae On Kim
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 59 Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 59 Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyum-Yil Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 59 Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Yang D, Li J, Li Z, Zhao M, Wang D, Sun Z, Wen P, Gou F, Dai Y, Ji Y, Li W, Zhao D, Yang L. Cardiolipin externalization mediates prion protein (PrP) peptide 106-126-associated mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1163981. [PMID: 37333615 PMCID: PMC10272765 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1163981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper mitochondrial performance is imperative for the maintenance of normal neuronal function to prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Persistent accumulation of damaged mitochondria plays a role in prion disease pathogenesis, which involves a chain of events that culminate in the generation of reactive oxygen species and neuronal death. Our previous studies have demonstrated that PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy induced by PrP106-126 is defective and leads to an accumulation of damaged mitochondria after PrP106-126 treatment. Externalized cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondria-specific phospholipid, has been reported to play a role in mitophagy by directly interacting with LC3II at the outer mitochondrial membrane. The involvement of CL externalization in PrP106-126-induced mitophagy and its significance in other physiological processes of N2a cells treated with PrP106-126 remain unknown. We demonstrate that the PrP106-126 peptide caused a temporal course of mitophagy in N2a cells, which gradually increased and subsequently decreased. A similar trend in CL externalization to the mitochondrial surface was seen, resulting in a gradual decrease in CL content at the cellular level. Inhibition of CL externalization by knockdown of CL synthase, responsible for de novo synthesis of CL, or phospholipid scramblase-3 and NDPK-D, responsible for CL translocation to the mitochondrial surface, significantly decreased PrP106-126-induced mitophagy in N2a cells. Meanwhile, the inhibition of CL redistribution significantly decreased PINK1 and DRP1 recruitment in PrP106-126 treatment but had no significant decrease in Parkin recruitment. Furthermore, the inhibition of CL externalization resulted in impaired oxidative phosphorylation and severe oxidative stress, which led to mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results indicate that CL externalization induced by PrP106-126 on N2a cells plays a positive role in the initiation of mitophagy, leading to the stabilization of mitochondrial function.
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Piñar-Morales R, Barrero-Hernández F, Aliaga-Martínez L. Human prion diseases: An overview. Med Clin (Barc) 2023:S0025-7753(23)00092-1. [PMID: 37088611 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative diseases. The disease-causing agent is a protein (PrP), that is normally produced in the nervous system, aggregated in an abnormal form. The abnormal protein, known as prion (PrPSc), is capable of self-propagation promoting the misfolding of the normal protein (PrP). These conditions can be acquired sporadically, genetically, or infectiously either by eating meat contaminated with prions or from iatrogenic exposure. The diagnosis of these diseases is often challenging. The use of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools, such as MRI and RT-QuIC, may aid in the diagnosis. Neuropathological examination of brain tissue ensures a definite diagnosis. At present, no treatment significantly improves the course of prion diseases; however, an early diagnosis is of paramount importance for patient care decision planning, infection control purposes, and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Piñar-Morales
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, España
| | - Francisco Barrero-Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, España
| | - Luis Aliaga-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
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Goldman JS, Vallabh SM. Genetic counseling for prion disease: Updates and best practices. Genet Med 2022; 24:1993-2003. [PMID: 35819418 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion disease is a rare, fatal, and often rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease. Ten to fifteen percent of cases are caused by autosomal dominant gain-of-function variants in the prion protein gene, PRNP. Rarity and phenotypic variability complicate diagnosis, often obscuring family history and leaving families unprepared for the genetic implications of an index case. Several recent developments inspire this update in best practices for prion disease genetic counseling. A new prion-detection assay has transformed symptomatic diagnosis. Meanwhile, penetrance, age of onset, and duration of illness have been systematically characterized across PRNP variants in a global cohort. Clinically, the traditional genotype-phenotype correlation has weakened over time, and the term genetic prion disease may now better serve providers than the historical subtypes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. Finally, in the age of genetically targeted therapies, clinical trials for prion disease are being envisaged, and healthy at-risk individuals may be best positioned to benefit. Such individuals need to be able to access clinical services for genetic counseling and testing. Thus, this update on the genetics of prion disease and best practices for genetic counseling for this disease aims to provide the information needed to expand genetic counseling services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia M Vallabh
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Prion Alliance, Cambridge, MA.
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6
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Silva CJ. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in Cervids and the Consequences of a Mutable Protein Conformation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12474-12492. [PMID: 35465121 PMCID: PMC9022204 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of cervids (deer, elk, moose, etc.). It spreads readily from CWD-contaminated environments and among wild cervids. As of 2022, North American CWD has been found in 29 states, four Canadian provinces and South Korea. The Scandinavian form of CWD originated independently. Prions propagate their pathology by inducing a natively expressed prion protein (PrPC) to adopt the prion conformation (PrPSc). PrPC and PrPSc differ solely in their conformation. Like other prion diseases, transmissible CWD prions can arise spontaneously. The CWD prions can respond to selection pressures resulting in the emergence of new strain phenotypes. Annually, 11.5 million Americans hunt and harvest nearly 6 million deer, indicating that CWD is a potential threat to an important American food source. No tested CWD strain has been shown to be zoonotic. However, this may not be true for emerging strains. Should a zoonotic CWD strain emerge, it could adversely impact the hunting economy and game meat consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Silva
- Produce Safety & Microbiology
Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research
Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, United States of America
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7
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Dematteis G, Restelli E, Vanella VV, Manfredi M, Marengo E, Corazzari M, Genazzani AA, Chiesa R, Lim D, Tapella L. Calcineurin Controls Cellular Prion Protein Expression in Mouse Astrocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040609. [PMID: 35203261 PMCID: PMC8870693 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases arise from the conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into a self-replicating prion isoform (PrPSc). Although this process has been studied mostly in neurons, a growing body of evidence suggests that astrocytes express PrPC and are able to replicate and accumulate PrPSc. Currently, prion diseases remain incurable, while downregulation of PrPC represents the most promising therapy due to the reduction of the substrate for prion conversion. Here we show that the astrocyte-specific genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of the calcium-activated phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) reduces PrPC expression in astrocytes. Immunocytochemical analysis of cultured CaN-KO astrocytes and isolation of synaptosomal compartments from the hippocampi of astrocyte-specific CaN-KO (ACN-KO) mice suggest that PrPC is downregulated both in vitro and in vivo. The downregulation occurs without affecting the glycosylation of PrPC and without alteration of its proteasomal or lysosomal degradation. Direct assessment of the protein synthesis rate and shotgun mass spectrometry proteomics analysis suggest that the reduction of PrPC is related to the impairment of global protein synthesis in CaN-KO astrocytes. When WT-PrP and PrP-D177N, a mouse homologue of a human mutation associated with the inherited prion disease fatal familial insomnia, were expressed in astrocytes, CaN-KO astrocytes showed an aberrant localization of both WT-PrP and PrP-D177N variants with predominant localization to the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that ablation of CaN affects both WT and mutant PrP proteins. These results provide new mechanistic details in relation to the regulation of PrP expression in astrocytes, suggesting the therapeutic potential of astroglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Elena Restelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (E.R.); (R.C.)
| | - Virginia Vita Vanella
- Department of Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.V.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.V.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Department of Health Science (DSS), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD) & Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (E.R.); (R.C.)
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.D.); (A.A.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (L.T.); Tel.: +39-0321-375822 (L.T.)
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.D.); (A.A.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (L.T.); Tel.: +39-0321-375822 (L.T.)
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Park KW, Lee SH, Hwang YS, Kim KW, Park KY, Kim MJ, Lee Y, Choi Y, Lee BH, Chung SJ. Rapidly Progressive Parkinsonism and Dementia with No Insomnia due to the PRNP D178N Mutation. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:579-581. [PMID: 34595869 PMCID: PMC8490905 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.4.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kye Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Soo Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Woo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Young Park
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yena Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Genetics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunha Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Genetics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Genetics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Brennecke N, Cali I, Mok TH, Speedy H, Hosszu LLP, Stehmann C, Cracco L, Puoti G, Prior TW, Cohen ML, Collins SJ, Mead S, Appleby BS. Characterization of Prion Disease Associated with a Two-Octapeptide Repeat Insertion. Viruses 2021; 13:1794. [PMID: 34578375 PMCID: PMC8473248 DOI: 10.3390/v13091794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic prion disease accounts for 10-15% of prion disease. While insertion of four or more octapeptide repeats are clearly pathogenic, smaller repeat insertions have an unclear pathogenicity. The goal of this case series was to provide an insight into the characteristics of the 2-octapeptide repeat genetic variant and to provide insight into the risk for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in asymptomatic carriers. 2-octapeptide repeat insertion prion disease cases were collected from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (US), the National Prion Clinic (UK), and the National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry (Australia). Three largescale population genetic databases were queried for the 2-octapeptide repeat insertion allele. Eight cases of 2-octapeptide repeat insertion were identified. The cases were indistinguishable from the sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob cases of the same molecular subtype. Western blot characterization of the prion protein in the absence of enzymatic digestion with proteinase K revealed that 2-octapeptide repeat insertion and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease have distinct prion protein profiles. Interrogation of large-scale population datasets suggested the variant is of very low penetrance. The 2-octapeptide repeat insertion is at most a low-risk genetic variant. Predictive genetic testing for asymptomatic blood relatives is not likely to be justified given the low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Brennecke
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (N.B.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Ignazio Cali
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (NPDPSC), Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tze How Mok
- MRC Prion Unit at University College London, Institute of Prion Diseases, London W1W 7FF, UK; (T.H.M.); (H.S.); (L.L.P.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Helen Speedy
- MRC Prion Unit at University College London, Institute of Prion Diseases, London W1W 7FF, UK; (T.H.M.); (H.S.); (L.L.P.H.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Laszlo L. P. Hosszu
- MRC Prion Unit at University College London, Institute of Prion Diseases, London W1W 7FF, UK; (T.H.M.); (H.S.); (L.L.P.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Christiane Stehmann
- Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (C.S.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Laura Cracco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Gianfranco Puoti
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- Prion Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Center (PDDSC), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Thomas W. Prior
- Center for Human Genetics Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Mark L. Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (N.B.); (M.L.C.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (NPDPSC), Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Steven J. Collins
- Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (C.S.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at University College London, Institute of Prion Diseases, London W1W 7FF, UK; (T.H.M.); (H.S.); (L.L.P.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Brian S. Appleby
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (N.B.); (M.L.C.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (NPDPSC), Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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10
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Prion Dissemination through the Environment and Medical Practices: Facts and Risks for Human Health. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0005919. [PMID: 34319151 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00059-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of fatal, infectious neurodegenerative disorders affecting various species of mammals, including humans. The infectious agent in these diseases, termed prion, is composed exclusively of a misfolded protein that can spread and multiply in the absence of genetic materials. In this article, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of prion replication, interindividual transmission, and dissemination in communities. In particular, we review the potential role of the natural environment in prion transmission, including the mechanisms and pathways for prion entry and accumulation in the environment as well as its roles in prion mutation, adaptation, evolution, and transmission. We also discuss the transmission of prion diseases through medical practices, scientific research, and use of biological products. Detailed knowledge of these aspects is crucial to limit the spreading of existing prion diseases as well as to prevent the emergence of new diseases with possible catastrophic consequences for public health.
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Douzono M, Nobuhara Y, Maruta K, Okamoto Y, Sonoda Y, Takashima H. [Inherited Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with four-octapeptide repeat insertional mutation in the prion gene]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2021; 61:314-318. [PMID: 33867415 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a 60-year-old man who presented with symptoms of memory loss, gait disorder, and sluggish movement. We considered both Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy as possible diagnoses and consequently hospitalized the patient owing to the worsening symptoms and the development of consciousness disorder. During the course of the disease, dementia, loss of consciousness, and movement disorders worsened rapidly within one year after admission, and the patient eventually developed mutism. The significant clinical characteristics of our case included no myoclonus and involuntary tremors in the extremities. There was no periodic synchronous discharge on electro-encephalography and cranial MRI with diffusion-weighted images showed no high-intensity findings in cortex. Prion protein genetic analysis identified four repeated insertional mutations in the octapeptide repeat (OPR) region, and the patient was diagnosed with inherited Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Cases of OPR insertional mutations are a few in Japan and occur in about 10% of population in Europe. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with OPR insertional mutation shows various clinical manifestations and atypical findings on electroencephalography and cranial MRI. Diagnosing for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with OPR insertional mutation is important in Prion protein genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Douzono
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Minamikyushu Hospital
| | - Yasuyuki Nobuhara
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Minamikyushu Hospital
| | - Kyouko Maruta
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Minamikyushu Hospital
| | - Yuji Okamoto
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences.,Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University
| | - Yoshito Sonoda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Minamikyushu Hospital
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
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12
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The Aβ aggregation modulator MRZ-99030 prevents and even reverses synaptotoxic effects of Aβ 1-42 on LTP even following serial dilution to a 500:1 stoichiometric excess of Aβ 1-42, suggesting a beneficial prion-like seeding mechanism. Neuropharmacology 2020; 179:108267. [PMID: 32758564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MRZ-99030 (GAL-101) is a small molecule that promotes the formation of off-pathway, non-toxic amorphous clusters of Aβ thereby reducing the amount of toxic soluble oligomeric Aβ species. MRZ-99030 clearly prevents synaptotoxic effects of Aβ1-42 oligomers on synaptic plasticity and cognition. Long lasting in vivo effects indicate that MRZ-99030 seeds a beneficial self-replication of non-toxic Aβ aggregates - "trigger effect". To test this, we prepared a serial dilution of MRZ-99030 starting with a 20:1 stoichiometric excess to Aβ1-42. After incubating the Aβ1-42/MRZ-99030 mixture for 20 min, 10% was transferred to a freshly prepared Aβ1-42 solution. This dilution step was repeated 3 times finally resulting in a 500:1 stoichiometric excess of Aβ1-42 over MRZ-99030. This solution was tested for its ability to impair long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 neurons. Even following serial dilution, MRZ-99030 prevented the synaptotoxic effect of Aβ1-42 on CA1-LTP after tetanic stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals whereas incubation with MRZ-99030 (0.1 nM) without serial dilution did not prevent the synaptic deficits caused by Aβ1-42 (50 nM). Time course experiments revealed that this protective effect was still evident even when the serially diluted Aβ1-42/MRZ-99030 mixture was prepared up to 1 week before the LTP experiment. MRZ-99030, when serially diluted with Aβ1-42, was also capable of detoxifying/reversing an already established neurotoxic process. In TEM experiments, Aβ oligomers/annular protofibrils were converted to amorphous Aβ clusters following incubation with serially diluted MRZ-99030 to a final concentration of MRZ-99030 (20 nM) and Aβ1-42 (10 μM).
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13
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Rossi M, van der Veen S, Merello M, Tijssen MAJ, van de Warrenburg B. Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndromes: A Diagnostic Approach. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2020; 8:9-24. [PMID: 33426154 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A myriad of disorders combine myoclonus and ataxia. Most causes are genetic and an increasing number of genes are being associated with myoclonus-ataxia syndromes (MAS), due to recent advances in genetic techniques. A proper etiologic diagnosis of MAS is clinically relevant, given the consequences for genetic counseling, treatment, and prognosis. Objectives To review the causes of MAS and to propose a diagnostic algorithm. Methods A comprehensive and structured literature search following PRISMA criteria was conducted to identify those disorders that may combine myoclonus with ataxia. Results A total of 135 causes of combined myoclonus and ataxia were identified, of which 30 were charted as the main causes of MAS. These include four acquired entities: opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome, celiac disease, multiple system atrophy, and sporadic prion diseases. The distinction between progressive myoclonus epilepsy and progressive myoclonus ataxia poses one of the main diagnostic dilemmas. Conclusions Diagnostic algorithms for pediatric and adult patients, based on clinical manifestations including epilepsy, are proposed to guide the differential diagnosis and corresponding work-up of the most important and frequent causes of MAS. A list of genes associated with MAS to guide genetic testing strategies is provided. Priority should be given to diagnose or exclude acquired or treatable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malco Rossi
- Movement Disorders Section Neuroscience Department Buenos Aires Argentina.,Argentine National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Sterre van der Veen
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA) Buenos Aires Argentina.,Department of Neurology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo Merello
- Movement Disorders Section Neuroscience Department Buenos Aires Argentina.,Argentine National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina.,Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marina A J Tijssen
- Department of Neurology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Expertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
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14
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Huang Y, Jianfang M, Morales R, Tang H. Corticobasal manifestations of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with D178N-homozygous 129M genotype. Prion 2020; 14:232-237. [PMID: 32946318 PMCID: PMC7518738 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2020.1812367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a prion disease, usually presented with memory loss, ataxia, dementia, myoclonus, involuntary movements and psychiatric problems. D178N-homozygous 129M genotype has been recognized in the diagnosis of fatal familial insomnia (FFI) globally. Here we report a patient presented with progressive left upper limb stiffness, bradykinesia, hypomimia and weight loss (10 kg) initially. She progressed to dementia, dysphasia, dysphonia and be bedridden quickly but did not present insomnia. She was diagnosed with CJD corticobasal subtype carrying a classic D178N-129M mutation of PRNP in FFI. Remarkably, she has a strong family history of neurological degeneration diseases but the other members of this pedigree who do not carry D178N-homozygous 129M mutation in PRNP do not present any CJD or FFI symptoms. We conclude that this patient carrying D178N-homozygous 129M mutation in PRNP should be diagnosed as CJD. Thus, the clinicopathology should be considered as a crucial evidence in diagnosing some cases, but FFI could be evaluated as a differential diagnosis with a unique clinical profile. List of abbreviations AD: Alzheimer disease; ADL: Activities of Daily Living; CBD Cortical basal degeneration; CBS: Corticobasal syndrome; CJD: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; DWI: Diffusion-weighted image; EEG: Electroencephalograph, fCJD: familial Creutzfeld-Jakob disease; FFI: Fatal familial insomnia; FLAIR: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; MMSE: Mini-mental state examination; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; PD: Parkinson disease; PrP: Prion protein; PSWC: Periodic sharp wave complexes; SWI: Susceptibility-weighted imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai, China
| | - Ma Jianfang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai, China
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA.,Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA). Universidad Bernardo OHiggins , Santiago, Chile
| | - Huidong Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai, China
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15
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Ortega MÁ, Guzmán Merino A, Fraile-Martínez O, Recio-Ruiz J, Pekarek L, G. Guijarro L, García-Honduvilla N, Álvarez-Mon M, Buján J, García-Gallego S. Dendrimers and Dendritic Materials: From Laboratory to Medical Practice in Infectious Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090874. [PMID: 32937793 PMCID: PMC7560085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are one of the main global public health risks, predominantly caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The control of infections is founded on three main pillars: prevention, treatment, and diagnosis. However, the appearance of microbial resistance has challenged traditional strategies and demands new approaches. Dendrimers are a type of polymeric nanoparticles whose nanometric size, multivalency, biocompatibility, and structural perfection offer boundless possibilities in multiple biomedical applications. This review provides the reader a general overview about the uses of dendrimers and dendritic materials in the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of highly prevalent infectious diseases, and their advantages compared to traditional approaches. Examples of dendrimers as antimicrobial agents per se, as nanocarriers of antimicrobial drugs, as well as their uses in gene transfection, in vaccines or as contrast agents in imaging assays are presented. Despite the need to address some challenges in order to be used in the clinic, dendritic materials appear as an innovative tool with a brilliant future ahead in the clinical management of infectious diseases and many other health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (A.G.M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.P.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Tumour Registry, Pathological Anatomy Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Guzmán Merino
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (A.G.M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.P.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (A.G.M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.P.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
| | - Judith Recio-Ruiz
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (A.G.M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.P.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Department of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Networking Research Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBER-EHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (A.G.M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.P.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (A.G.M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.P.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology and Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (A.G.M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.P.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Tumour Registry, Pathological Anatomy Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra García-Gallego
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Areškevičiūtė A, Høgh P, Bartoletti-Stella A, Melchior LC, Nielsen PR, Parchi P, Capellari S, Broholm H, Scheie D, Lund EL. A Novel Eight Octapeptide Repeat Insertion in PRNP Causing Prion Disease in a Danish Family. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:595-604. [PMID: 31107536 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Octapeptide repeat insertions (OPRI) found in the prion protein gene (PRNP) constitute a subgroup of pathogenic mutations linked to inherited prion diseases, a hallmark of which is a misfolded prion protein. The number of repeats in OPRI has been associated with different disease phenotypes. However, due to the rarity of the cases and heterogenous disease manifestations, the recognition and classification of these variants has been difficult. Here, we report the first Danish family, the fifth worldwide, carrying a novel 8-OPRI with a unique sequence of the additional 8 inserts: R1-R2-R2-R3-R2-R2-R2a-R2-R3g-R2-R2-R3-R4. The mutation was found on the allele coding for methionine at codon 129 in the PRNP gene. The clinical exome sequencing revealed that no other dementia-associated genes harbored pathogenic alterations. Mutation carriers had onset of symptoms in their early thirties, but disease duration varied from 5 to 11 years. Progressive dementia with psychiatric and motor symptoms were the most prominent clinical features. Clinical, pathological, and genetic characteristics of other 4 reported families with 8-OPRI were reviewed and compared with the findings in the Danish family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aušrinė Areškevičiūtė
- Danish Reference Center for Prion Diseases, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- Department of Neurology, Regional Dementia Research Centre, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Bartoletti-Stella
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italia
| | - Linea Cecilie Melchior
- Danish Reference Center for Prion Diseases, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Rude Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italia.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES)
| | - Sabina Capellari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italia.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Helle Broholm
- Danish Reference Center for Prion Diseases, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Scheie
- Danish Reference Center for Prion Diseases, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Løbner Lund
- Danish Reference Center for Prion Diseases, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Abstract
Prions diseases are uniformly fatal neurodegenerative diseases that occur in sporadic, genetic, and acquired forms. Acquired prion diseases, caused by infectious transmission, are least common. Most prion diseases are not infectious, but occur spontaneously through misfolding of normal prion proteins or genetic mutations in the prion protein gene. Although most prion diseases are not caused by infection, they can be transmitted accidentally. Certain infection control protocols should be applied when handling central nervous system and other high-risk tissues. New diagnostic methods are improving premortem and earlier diagnosis. Treatment trials have not shown improved survival, but therapies may be available soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Lead Tee
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA; Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, No. 707, Section 3, Zhong Yang Road, Hualien City, Hualien County 97002, Taiwan
| | - Erika Mariana Longoria Ibarrola
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA; Dementia Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suarez, Av. Insurgentes Sur 3877, Col. La Fama, Del. Tlalpan, Ciudad de México. C.P. 14269, Mexico
| | - Michael D Geschwind
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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18
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Tiple D, Poleggi A, Mellina V, Morocutti A, Brusa L, Iani C, Colaizzo E, Vaianella L, Baiardi S, Ladogana A, Parchi P, Pocchiari M. Clinicopathological features of the rare form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in R208H-V129V PRNP carrier. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:47. [PMID: 30898147 PMCID: PMC6429782 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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19
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Wang J, Xiao K, Zhou W, Shi Q, Dong XP. Analysis of 12 Chinese Patients with Proline-to-Leucine Mutation at Codon 102-Associated Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease. J Clin Neurol 2019; 15:184-190. [PMID: 30877692 PMCID: PMC6444146 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2019.15.2.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) with a proline-to-leucine mutation at codon 102 (P102L) in the PRNP gene is the most frequently reported GSS subtype worldwide. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, clinical, genetic, and laboratory characteristics of 12 Chinese patients with P102L-associated GSS (henceforth P102L GSS). Methods The enrolled P102L GSS cases were analyzed according to the diagnostic criteria for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) issued by the China National Health Commission. Results The median onset age was 50 years (range 34 to 67 years) and sex ratio was 1:2 (males:females). Most patients displayed more than one foremost symptom. Movement symptoms were frequently reported (9 of the 12 cases), followed by rapidly progressing dementia (7 cases), mental problems (5 cases), and slowly progressing dementia (2 cases). Almost all cases displayed more sporadic CJD (sCJD)-associated neurological symptoms and signs as time progressed. Five (45.5%) of 11 cases were cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 positive, and 2 (25%) of 8 cases exhibited periodic sharp wave complexes in electroencephalograms. MRI abnormalities were detected in all 11 of the scanned patients. Methionine homozygous genotype at codon 129 (M129M) and glutamic acid homozygous at codon 219 (E219E) homozygosity was present in 11 cases, while 1 case was M129M homozygous and glutamic acid/lysine heterozygous at codon 219 (E219K) heterozygous. Ten of the 12 cases recalled a disease-related family history during the clinical interviews. The median survival from symptom onset of the seven dead cases was 16 months (range 10 to 44 months). Patients showing the sCJD phenotype (rapidly progressing dementia) appeared to be associated with a shorter survival time. Conclusions The indistinguishable clinical features of P102L GSS patients with sCJD, especially in the early stage, support the importance of PRNP testing for diagnosing GSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center of Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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20
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Keller G, Binyamin O, Frid K, Saada A, Gabizon R. Mitochondrial dysfunction in preclinical genetic prion disease: A target for preventive treatment? Neurobiol Dis 2018; 124:57-66. [PMID: 30423473 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial malfunction is a common feature in advanced stages of neurodegenerative conditions, as is the case for the accumulation of aberrantly folded proteins, such as PrP in prion diseases. In this work, we investigated mitochondrial activity and expression of related factors vis a vis PrP accumulation at the subclinical stages of TgMHu2ME199K mice, modeling for genetic prion diseases. While these mice remain healthy until 5-6 months of age, they succumb to fatal disease at 12-14 months. We found that mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymatic activates and ATP/ROS production, were abnormally elevated in asymptomatic mice, concomitant with initial accumulation of disease related PrP. In parallel, the expression of Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit IV isoform 1(Cox IV-1) was reduced and replaced by the activity of Cox IV isoform 2, which operates in oxidative neuronal conditions. At all stages of disease, Cox IV-1 was absent from cells accumulating disease related PrP, suggesting that PrP aggregates may directly compromise normal mitochondrial function. Administration of Nano-PSO, a brain targeted antioxidant, to TgMHu2ME199K mice, reversed functional and biochemical mitochondrial functions to normal conditions regardless of the presence of misfolded PrP. Our results therefore indicate that in genetic prion disease, oxidative damage initiates long before clinical manifestations. These manifest only when aggregated PrP levels are too high for the compensatory mechanisms to sustain mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Keller
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orli Binyamin
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kati Frid
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ann Saada
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, The Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Gabizon
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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