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Ghiazza C, Wagner L, Fernández S, Leutzsch M, Cornella J. Bio-Inspired Deaminative Hydroxylation of Aminoheterocycles and Electron-Deficient Anilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212219. [PMID: 36479796 PMCID: PMC10107619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Among the tools available to chemists for drug design of bioactive compounds, the bioisosteric replacement of atoms or groups of atoms is the cornerstone of modern strategies. Despite the undeniable interest in amino-to-hydroxyl interchange, enzymatic deaminative hydroxylation remains unmatched. Herein, we report a user friendly and safe procedure to selectively convert aminoheterocycles to their hydroxylated analogues by means of a simple pyrylium tetrafluoroborate salt. The hydroxylation step relies on a Lossen-type rearrangement under mild conditions thus avoiding the use of strong hydroxide bases. In addition to biorelevant heterocycles, the deaminative hydroxylation of electron-deficient anilines was also demonstrated. Finally, mechanistic experiments allowed the identification of the key intermediates, thus unveiling a rather unusual mechanism for this formal aromatic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Ghiazza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der, Ruhr, Germany
| | - Lucas Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der, Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sergio Fernández
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der, Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der, Ruhr, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der, Ruhr, Germany
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Donkor AB, Gyamfi OA, White CW, Nick HJ, Rioux JS, Veress LA, Logue BA. Identification and determination of phenyl methyl carbamate released from adducted hemoglobin for methyl isocyanate exposure verification. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463454. [PMID: 36099696 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Methyl isocyanate (MIC), an intermediate in the synthesis of carbamate pesticides, is a toxic industrial chemical that causes irritation and damage to the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin. Due to the high reactivity of MIC, it binds to proteins to form protein adducts. While these adducts can be used as biomarkers to verify exposure to MIC, methods to detect MIC adducts are cumbersome, typically involving enzymatic (pronase) or strong acid (Edman degradation) hydrolysis of hemoglobin. Hence, in this study, a simple method was developed which utilizes base hydrolysis of MIC-tyrosine adducts from isolated hemoglobin to form phenyl methyl carbamate (PMC), followed by rapid liquid-liquid extraction, and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The hydrolysis chemistry is the first report of base hydrolysis of a tyrosine-β-C-hydroxo phenol bond in aqueous solution. The method produced excellent sensitivity (detection limit of 0.02 mg/kg), linearity (R2 = 0.998, percent residual accuracies > 96), and dynamic range (0.06‒15 mg/kg). The accuracy and precision (100 ± 9% and < 10% relative standard deviation, respectively) of the method were outstanding compared to existing techniques. The validated method was able to detect significantly elevated levels of PMC from hemoglobin isolated from MIC-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail B Donkor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Box 2202, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Obed A Gyamfi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Box 2202, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Carl W White
- Department of Pediatrics-Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Heidi J Nick
- Department of Pediatrics-Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Rioux
- Department of Pediatrics-Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Livia A Veress
- Department of Pediatrics-Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian A Logue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Box 2202, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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Peripheric sensors-based leaking source tracking in a chemical industrial park with complex obstacles. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2022.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kenwood BM, Bagchi P, Zhang L, Zhu W, Chambers DM, Blount BC, De Jesús VR. Characterization of US population levels of urinary methylcarbamoyl mercapturic acid, a metabolite of N,N-dimethylformamide and methyl isocyanate, in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 and 2011-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:16781-16791. [PMID: 33398732 PMCID: PMC7979481 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Methylcarbamoyl mercapturic acid (MCAMA, N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-L-cysteine) is a urinary metabolite of N,N-dimethylformamide and methyl isocyanate, which are volatile organic compounds that are harmful to humans. N,N-dimethylformamide exposure causes liver damage, and methyl isocyanate inhalation damages the lining of the respiratory tract, which can increase risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. This study characterizes urinary MCAMA levels in the US population and explores associations of MCAMA concentrations with select demographic and environmental factors. We used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to measure MCAMA in urine collected from study participants ≥ 12 years old (N = 8272) as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 and 2011-2016. We produced multiple regression models with MCAMA concentrations as the dependent variable and sex, age, fasting time, race/ethnicity, diet, and cigarette smoking as independent variables. Cigarette smokers and nonsmokers had median urinary MCAMA concentrations of 517 μg/g creatinine and 127 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Sample-weighted multiple regression analysis showed that MCAMA was positively associated with serum cotinine (p < 0.0001). Compared to non-exposed participants (serum cotinine ≤ 0.015 ng/mL), presumptive exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke (serum cotinine > 0.015-≤ 10 ng/mL and 0 cigarettes smoked per day) was associated with 20% higher MCAMA (p < 0.0001). Additionally, smoking 1-10 cigarettes per day was associated with 261% higher MCAMA (p < 0.0001), smoking 11-20 cigarettes per day was associated with 357% higher MCAMA (p < 0.0001), and smoking > 20 cigarettes per day was associated with 416% higher MCAMA (p < 0.0001). These findings underscore the strong association of tobacco smoke exposure with urinary MCAMA biomarker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Kenwood
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Luyu Zhang
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Wanzhe Zhu
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - David M Chambers
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Víctor R De Jesús
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
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Duspara PA, Islam MS, Lough AJ, Batey RA. Synthesis and Reactivity of N-Alkyl Carbamoylimidazoles: Development of N-Methyl Carbamoylimidazole as a Methyl Isocyanate Equivalent. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10362-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petar A. Duspara
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5S 3H6
| | - Md. Sadequl Islam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5S 3H6
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5S 3H6
| | - Robert A. Batey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5S 3H6
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Sarangi S, Zaidi T, Pal RK, Katgara D, Gadag VG, Mulay S, Varma DR. Effects of exposure of parents to toxic gases in Bhopal on the offspring. Am J Ind Med 2010; 53:836-41. [PMID: 20213748 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to methyl isocyanate and other toxic gases in Bhopal, India, on December 3, 1984 resulted in thousands of acute deaths, pregnancy loss and long-term effects. METHODS From 1985 to 2007, we conducted successive surveys of vital status and health to determine whether the exposure of parents to toxic gases in the Bhopal incident affected the 5-year survival and anthropometric variables of their offspring. RESULTS Initial 5-year mortality of offspring of exposed parents was very high. Male but not female offspring who were exposed to gases in utero or who were born to exposed parents were stunted in growth until puberty, which was followed by a period of accelerated growth. Results also suggest a post-puberty effect on head circumference of females exposed to gases in utero. CONCLUSION Exposure of pregnant women to toxic gases in Bhopal in 1984 resulted in high pregnancy loss, increased first 5-year mortality and delayed development of male progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sarangi
- Sambhavna Trust Clinic, Bafna Colony, Bhopal, India
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