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Murray SH, Logan RJ, Sheehan AC, Paolone AR, McCormick CM. Developmental trajectory of social reward motivation from early adolescence into adulthood in female and male Long-Evans rats. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22495. [PMID: 38643359 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Most studies of adolescent and adult behavior involved one age group of each, whereas the dynamic changes in brain development suggest that there may be behavioral flux in adolescence. In two studies, we investigated developmental changes in social reward motivation in female and male Long-Evans rats from prepuberty to early adulthood in a social operant conditioning task. Given the earlier onset of puberty in females than in males, we predicted the course of social reward development would differ between the sexes. Overall, the pattern of results from both studies suggests that the trajectory of social motivation across adolescence is characterized by upward and downward shifts that do not depend on the sex of the rats. During training, in both studies, the mean number of social gate openings and percentage of social gate openings was higher at P30 (prepubertal, early adolescence) and P50 (late adolescence) than at P40 (mid adolescence) and P70 (adulthood) irrespective of sex. Nevertheless, the specific age comparisons that were significant depended on the study. In both studies, P30 rats had greater levels of social motivation than did adults in accessing a social reward when increased effort was required (progressive ratio tests). In an extinction test, only P30 and P50 rats continued to show more nose-pokes at the previously social gate than at the nonsocial gate, suggesting resistance to extinction. The results highlight the importance of characterizing behavior at several timepoints in adolescence to understand the neural mechanisms, many of which show similar discontinuities as they develop across adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shealin H Murray
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Ryanne J Logan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Andrew C Sheehan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Arianna R Paolone
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Cheryl M McCormick
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
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Samal S, Barik D, Jena S. Post craniotomy pain management in Copenhagen rat by intraperitoneal or oral dosage of Tramadol: a comparative evaluation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16116. [PMID: 37752330 PMCID: PMC10522690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calvarial craniotomy in animal models involves pain and distress. Moderate to severe pain in laboratory animals requires adequate pain management strategies. According to previous studies, the options available for suitable analgesia for rat calvarial craniotomy are very few. For most analgesic treatments, injectable routes of administration are predominantly used. However, these routes require restraining the animals, which may cause unnecessary pain, distress and suffering. As a well-fare measure, we focused on pain management by oral administration of analgesia. In this particular study, which is a sub-study of a major experiment on bone regeneration with different polymeric scaffold materials, we have compared the analgesic efficacy of intraperitoneal (I/P) and oral administration of tramadol (10 mg/kg) over a period of 96 h post-surgery in rat craniotomy models. The focus of our study is to evaluate the potential pain reduction efficacy of orally administered Tramadol without any restraining involved. We have used various non-invasive methods to assess the pain-alleviating efficacy of tramadol administered through different methods. We found that the efficacy of oral administration of tramadol is comparable to I/P administration in alleviating pain. Additionally, oral administration through drinking water has the benefit of not putting the animal under unwanted restraining stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Samal
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Debyashreeta Barik
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Sarita Jena
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
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Klöppel E, Souza MR, Barco VS, Gallego FQ, Sinzato YK, Corrente JE, Rodrigues T, Volpato GT, Damasceno DC. Calcium Supplementation on Glucose Tolerance, Oxidative Stress, and Reproductive Outcomes of Diabetic Rats and Their Offspring. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2813-2828. [PMID: 37002533 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of obstetric complications, morbidity, and infant mortality. Controlled nutritional therapy with micronutrients has been employed. However, the effect of calcium (Ca2+) supplementation on diabetic pregnancy is unclear. We aimed to evaluate whether diabetic rats supplemented with Ca2+ during pregnancy present better glucose tolerance, redox status, embryonic and fetal development, newborn weight, and the prooxidant and antioxidant balance of male and female pups. For this, newborn rats received the beta-cytotoxic drug streptozotocin for inducing diabetes on the day of birth. In adulthood, these rats were mated and treated with Ca2+ twice a day from day 0 to day 20 of pregnancy. On day 17, the pregnant rats were submitted to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). At the end of pregnancy, they were anesthetized and killed to collect blood and pancreas samples. The uterine horns were exposed for an evaluation of maternal reproductive outcomes and embryofetal development, and the offspring's liver samples were collected for redox status measurement. Nondiabetic and diabetic rats supplemented with Ca2+ showed no influence on glucose tolerance, redox status, insulin synthesis, serum calcium levels, and embryofetal losses. The reduced rate of newborns classified as adequate for gestational age (AGA) and higher rates of LGA (large) and small (LGA) newborns and higher -SH and GSH-Px antioxidant activities in female pups were observed in diabetic dams, regardless of supplementation. Thus, maternal supplementation caused no improvement in glucose tolerance, oxidative stress biomarkers, embryofetal growth and development, and antioxidants in pups from diabetic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Klöppel
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Maysa Rocha Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Federal University of Mato Grosso_UFMT, Mato Grosso State, Barra Do Garças, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Soares Barco
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Franciane Quintanilha Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Research Support Office, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Federal University of Mato Grosso_UFMT, Mato Grosso State, Barra Do Garças, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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Bandyopadhyay SS, Halder AK, Saha S, Chatterjee P, Nasipuri M, Basu S. Assessment of GO-Based Protein Interaction Affinities in the Large-Scale Human–Coronavirus Family Interactome. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030549. [PMID: 36992133 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that replicates itself via interacting with the host proteins. As a result, identifying virus and host protein-protein interactions could help researchers better understand the virus disease transmission behavior and identify possible COVID-19 drugs. The International Committee on Virus Taxonomy has determined that nCoV is genetically 89% compared to the SARS-CoV epidemic in 2003. This paper focuses on assessing the host–pathogen protein interaction affinity of the coronavirus family, having 44 different variants. In light of these considerations, a GO-semantic scoring function is provided based on Gene Ontology (GO) graphs for determining the binding affinity of any two proteins at the organism level. Based on the availability of the GO annotation of the proteins, 11 viral variants, viz., SARS-CoV-2, SARS, MERS, Bat coronavirus HKU3, Bat coronavirus Rp3/2004, Bat coronavirus HKU5, Murine coronavirus, Bovine coronavirus, Rat coronavirus, Bat coronavirus HKU4, Bat coronavirus 133/2005, are considered from 44 viral variants. The fuzzy scoring function of the entire host–pathogen network has been processed with ~180 million potential interactions generated from 19,281 host proteins and around 242 viral proteins. ~4.5 million potential level one host–pathogen interactions are computed based on the estimated interaction affinity threshold. The resulting host–pathogen interactome is also validated with state-of-the-art experimental networks. The study has also been extended further toward the drug-repurposing study by analyzing the FDA-listed COVID drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyendu Sekhar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Anup Kumar Halder
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Sciences, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sovan Saha
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning), Techno Main Salt Lake, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Piyali Chatterjee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata 700152, India
| | - Mita Nasipuri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhadip Basu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Maletta T, Palummieri M, Correa J, Holahan MR. Preadolescent exposure to a sexually mature, unrelated male rat reduces postadolescent social recognition memory and CA2 c-Fos labeling. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1104866. [PMID: 36778132 PMCID: PMC9908592 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social memory involves social recognition: the ability to discriminate between two or more conspecifics when one has been previously encountered. The CA2 region of the hippocampus has been implicated in social memory, as lesions and dysfunction to this area lead to social memory impairments. A variety of psychogenic manipulations during postnatal sensitive developmental periods are associated with social memory impairments later in life. Methods In this study, we exposed preadolescent rats to a sexually, mature unrelated male and examined whether this was associated with changes in postadolescent social memory and c-Fos labeling in the CA2 region. Male and female Long-Evans rats were exposed to a male, adult rat on postnatal days 19-21 (P19-21). Social memory was measured during the postadolescent period and defined as increased interactions towards a novel age-matched rat in contrast to a previously-encountered age-matched rat. After the test, rats were euthanized and brain tissue was then collected to quantify c-Fos labeling within the CA2 region. Results Compared to home cage controls and controls not exposed to the adult male, male and female rats exposed to the unrelated adult during preadolescence were unable to discriminate between a novel and previously encountered conspecific during the postadolescent test showing social memory deficits. The groups that showed social recognition deficits also had significantly fewer c-Fos-positive cells within the CA2 region compared to the control groups. Discussion These findings indicate that threatening psychogenic encounters during preadolescence can have detrimental long-term effects on social memory potentially via disrupted activity in the CA2 hippocampal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Maletta
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jeff Correa
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Natasha JA, Yasmin AR, Siti-Maisarah AM, Nur-Anis Z, Tharshaini M, Arshad SS, Ayuni WN, Mohammed MN, Nur-Fazila SH. Screening of West Nile Virus, Herpesvirus, and Parvovirus in Rattus spp. in Klang Valley, Malaysia. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE 2022; 45:1113-1124. [DOI: 10.47836/pjtas.45.4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Free-roaming and scavenging lifestyles of Rattus spp. in densely populated urban areas expose them to multiple pathogens that facilitate the transmission of infection to the human population more rapidly, raising public health concerns. There is limited information on the status of rat susceptibility to virus infection, particularly West Nile virus (WNV), herpesvirus, and parvovirus, to prepare for emerging zoonosis. A total of 23 (n = 23) blood samples collected from Rattus spp. in the wet market areas of Klang Valley, Malaysia, were subjected to molecular assay using a one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the highly conserved region of the WNV capsid and pre-membrane protein via nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting highly conserved amino acid motifs within the herpesviral DNA-directed DNA polymerase gene (DPOL) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the parvovirus non-structural (NS) protein. As a result, 4 out of 23 (17.39%) rats were positive for herpesvirus DNA, but none were positive for WNV RNA and parvovirus DNA. The positive PCR amplicons of herpesvirus DNA were subjected to partial DNA sequencing analysis, 100% identical to Acomys herpesvirus SVMS 226,222 from Betaherpesvirinae, which is highly suggestive of rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV). This study has successfully demonstrated the presence of RCMV from Rattus spp. in the Klang Valley. The RCMV potentially crosses species barriers and establishes infection, raising public health concerns. The non-viraemic state of WNV or parvovirus infection, low sample size, and limited niche distribution emphasise the need for the expansion of this study in the future.
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Fernandes ACN, Ferreira MVN, Serra LM, da Silva EM, Sampaio AL, Kuckelhaus SAS. Methodological Approaches for Vocal Folds Experiments in Laryngology: A Scoping Review. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00227-2. [PMID: 36137879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the methodological approaches adopted in experimental researches in laryngology intervention studies. METHODS The study was performed as a scoping review using the electronic databases Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, BioMed Central and SCOPUS. These databases were manually searched from 1995 (or its inception) until the most recently published articles in June 2022. The inclusion criteria were as follows: a) studies performed with animal models in voice and/or larynx therapy, intervention and/or surgery; b) studies with participant populations composed with animals; c) studies containing original research; d) studies performed with at least one objective measurement for treatment and or intervention; e) studies reporting at least one method of larynx intervention; and f) publications written in English, Spanish or Portuguese. The exclusion criteria were as follows: a) studies considering without any objective intervention and or treatment; b) studies without animal models; and c) studies that reviewed articles or books. These criteria were set to increase inter-study comparability. RESULTS There were found 26 studies that showed that in experimental laryngology. There were retrieved four main characteristics in the retrieved studies. It was observed five major groups of experimental models used for assessing vocal folds: dog (38.5%), rat/mouse (23,1%), pig (23.1%), rabbit (19.2%), human (11.5%), and sheep (3.8%). In addition, three characteristics were observed: sample (up to 20 subjects 88.5%), type of surgery/intervention (100%) and duration (up to 30 days 61.5%). CONCLUSION In experimental laryngology, the state of the art is grounded on mainly in dog, rat and pig in vocal folds assessment. Up to 20 subjects, surgery/intervention and experimental trial lasting no more than 30 days are frequent methodological approaches in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Nascimento Fernandes
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília-UnB - Darcy Ribeiro University Campus.
| | - Marcus Vinícius Nascimento Ferreira
- HEALth, pHYsical activity and Behavior ReseArch (HEALTHY-BRA) group, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil; Youth/Child Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental (YCARE) Research Group, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucieny Martins Serra
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília-UnB - Darcy Ribeiro University Campus
| | | | - André Luis Sampaio
- Speech Language-Pathology Course, University of Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Brasília / DF, Brazil
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S. Aljaser F. Cryopreservation Methods and Frontiers in the Art of Freezing Life in Animal Models. Vet Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development in cryobiology in animal breeding had revolutionized the field of reproductive medicine. The main objective to preserve animal germplasm stems from variety of reasons such as conservation of endangered animal species, animal diversity, and an increased demand of animal models and/or genetically modified animals for research involving animal and human diseases. Cryopreservation has emerged as promising technique for fertility preservation and assisted reproduction techniques (ART) for production of animal breeds and genetically engineered animal species for research. Slow rate freezing and rapid freezing/vitrification are the two main methods of cryopreservation. Slow freezing is characterized by the phase transition (liquid turning into solid) when reducing the temperature below freezing point. Vitrification, on the other hand, is a phenomenon in which liquid solidifies without the formation of ice crystals, thus the process is referred to as a glass transition or ice-free cryopreservation. The vitrification protocol applies high concentrations of cryoprotective agents (CPA) used to avoid cryoinjury. This chapter provides a brief overview of fundamentals of cryopreservation and established methods adopted in cryopreservation. Strategies involved in cryopreserving germ cells (sperm and egg freezing) are included in this chapter. Last section describes the frontiers and advancement of cryopreservation in some of the important animal models like rodents (mouse and rats) and in few large animals (sheep, cow etc).
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Bueno NP, Copete IN, Lopes HB, Arany PR, Marques MM, Ferraz EP. Recovering the osteoblastic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from diabetic rats by photobiomodulation therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000393. [PMID: 33184942 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Autologous cell-based therapy for bone regeneration might be impaired by diabetes mellitus (DM) due to the negative effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation. Strategies to recover their osteogenic potential could optimize the results. We aimed to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on osteoblast differentiation of rats with induced DM. Bone marrow MSCs of healthy and diabetic rats were isolated and differentiated into osteoblasts (OB and dOB, respectively). dOB were treated with PBM therapy every 72 hour (660 nm; 0.14 J; 20 mW; 0.714 W/cm2 , and 5 J/cm2 ). Cell morphology, viability, gene and protein expression of osteoblastic markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the mineralized matrix production of dOB-PBM were compared to dOB. PBM therapy improved viability of dOB, increased the gene and protein expression of bone markers, the ALP activity and the mineralized matrix production. PBM therapy represents an innovative therapeutic approach to optimize the treatment of bone defects in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helena Bacha Lopes
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Praveen R Arany
- School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, New York, New York, USA
| | - Márcia Martins Marques
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Managing the Microbiome: How the Gut Influences Development and Disease. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010074. [PMID: 33383647 PMCID: PMC7823600 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome lies at the forefront of scientific research, as researchers work to uncover its mysterious influence on human development and disease. This paper reviews how the microbiome is studied, how researchers can improve its study, and what clinical applications microbiome research might yield. For this review, we analyzed studies concerning the role of the microbiome in disease and early development, the common methodologies by which the microbiome is researched in the lab, and modern clinical treatments for dysbiosis and their possible future applications. We found that the gut microbiome is essential for proper development of various physiological systems and that gut dysbiosis is a clear factor in the etiology of various diseases. Furthermore, we found that germ-free animal models and microbiome manipulation techniques are inadequate, reducing the efficacy of microbiome research. Nonetheless, research continues to show the significance of microbiome manipulation in the clinical treatment of disease, having shown great promise in the prevention and treatment of dysbiosis. Though the clinical applications of microbiome manipulation are currently limited, the significance of dysbiosis in the etiology of a wide array of diseases indicates the significance of this research and highlights the need for more effective research methods concerning the microbiome.
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Yurista SR, Silljé HHW, van Goor H, Hillebrands JL, Heerspink HJL, de Menezes Montenegro L, Oberdorf-Maass SU, de Boer RA, Westenbrink BD. Effects of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibition with Empaglifozin on Renal Structure and Function in Non-diabetic Rats with Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 34:311-321. [PMID: 32185580 PMCID: PMC7242237 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-06954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The use of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is currently expanding to cardiovascular risk reduction in non-diabetic subjects, but renal (side-)effects are less well studied in this setting. Methods Male non-diabetic Sprague Dawley rats underwent permanent coronary artery ligation to induce MI, or sham surgery. Rats received chow containing empagliflozin (EMPA) (30 mg/kg/day) or control chow. Renal function and electrolyte balance were measured in metabolic cages. Histological and molecular markers of kidney injury, parameters of phosphate homeostasis and bone resorption were also assessed. Results EMPA resulted in a twofold increase in diuresis, without evidence for plasma volume contraction or impediments in renal function in both sham and MI animals. EMPA increased plasma magnesium levels, while the levels of glucose and other major electrolytes were comparable among the groups. Urinary protein excretion was similar in all treatment groups and no histomorphological alterations were identified in the kidney. Accordingly, molecular markers for cellular injury, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in renal tissue were comparable between groups. EMPA resulted in a slight increase in circulating phosphate and PTH levels without activating FGF23–Klotho axis in the kidney and bone mineral resorption, measured with CTX-1, was not increased. Conclusions EMPA exerts profound diuretic effects without compromising renal structure and function or causing significant electrolyte imbalance in a non-diabetic setting. The slight increase in circulating phosphate and PTH after EMPA treatment was not associated with evidence for increased bone mineral resorption suggesting that EMPA does not affect bone health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10557-020-06954-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salva R Yurista
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Luiz de Menezes Montenegro
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silke U Oberdorf-Maass
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Park JH, Ra JS, Kwon JE, Her YM, Choe TH, Lee YS, Suh HJ, Shin SY, Park DW, Kwak HH, Woo HM, Jeon H, Kang SC. Evaluation of genetic toxicity, acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity and systemic safety of Agrimonia pilosa and Rhus gall 50% ethanolic extract mixture (APRG64) in vitro and in vivo (rodent and non-rodent animal models). Toxicol Res 2020; 36:367-406. [PMID: 33005596 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrimonia pilosa (AP) and Rhus gall (RG) are traditional medicinal plants. The bioflavonoid composition standardized by HPLC analysis was named APRG64. Despite many studies reported to beneficial bioactivities of AP and RG, very limited range of toxicity tests have documented. So, we did experiment diversely on the toxicity tests of the substance APRG64. Genotoxicity (mammalian chromosomal aberration test, micronoucleus test) against APRG64, acute and sub-chronic toxicity test from rodent/non-rodent, and systemic safety pharmacology test were conducted. As a result of the test, genotoxicity against APRG64 was not observed. The NOAEL of rodents was confirmed as 2000 mg/kg/day and non-rodents was confirmed as 500 mg/kg/day. In addition, systemic safety pharmacological toxicity (effects on respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system) following administration of APRG64 was not observed. Finally, we accomplished ten potential toxicity tests and evaluated extensive safety of APRG64. Consequently, APRG64 may be a promising material for nutraceuticals and natural medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sung Ra
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Mi Her
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Choe
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seo Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Suh
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Hyun Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Myong Woo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelin Jeon
- Research Institute, Genencell. Co. Ltd, 120, Heungdeokjungang-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16950 Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
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Oryan A, Alemzadeh E, Eskandari MH. Kefir Accelerates Burn Wound Healing Through Inducing Fibroblast Cell Migration In Vitro and Modulating the Expression of IL-1ß, TGF-ß1, and bFGF Genes In Vivo. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:874-886. [PMID: 29948798 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Kefir is a natural probiotic compound with a long history of health benefits which can improve wound healing. This study investigated the regeneration potential of kefir in vitro scratch assay and in vivo burn wound in rat model. Cytotoxicity of different concentrations of kefir was evaluated by colorimetric methylthiazoltetrazolium assay. A scratch wound experiment was performed to investigate the ability of kefir in reducing the gap of wounds in a dose-dependent manner, in vitro. The standardized kefir was incorporated into silver sulfadiazine (SSD) and applied on burn wounds in vivo, and was compared with the SSD and negative control groups after 7, 14, and 28 days of treatment. The wound sites were then removed for histopathological and morphometric analyses, assessment of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), dry weight, and hydroxyproline contents. Kefir enhanced proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and 12.50, 6.25, and 3.12 μL/mL concentrations showed better effects on the scratch assay. Kefir resulted in reduction of IL-1β and TGF-β1 expression at day 7 compared to the negative control. Kefir also reduced the expression of IL-1β at days 14 and 28 and stimulated bFGF at day 28. It significantly improved the dry matter and hydroxyproline contents in the burn wounds. Kefir also resulted in enhanced angiogenesis and elevated migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and improved fibrous connective tissue formation in the wound area. The morphometric results indicated significant global contraction values in the kefir-treated wounds compared to other groups. Taken together, the findings suggest that kefir has considerable ability to accelerate healing of the burn wounds. Therefore, kefir may be a possible option to improve the outcomes of severe burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Esmat Alemzadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Choi YY. Age-related osteogenesis on lateral force application to rat incisor – Part I: Premaxilla suture remodeling. APOS TRENDS IN ORTHODONTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.25259/apos_27_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:
The suture is a fibrous tissue intervening two adjacent bone segments, existing only in the craniofacial region. In spite of wide use of palatal expansion in various ages, the age-dependent cellular mechanism for osteogenesis is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the proliferation and differentiation pattern of the suture cells on lateral expansion in rats depending on the ages.
Materials and Methods:
Calibrated lateral tensile stress of 50 g was given to the male Sprague-Dawley rat incisors using a double helix in 30 young (10 weeks) and another 30 aged (52 weeks) group, respectively. Each group was subdivided into control, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, with five animals in each group. Premaxilla area was retrieved from each animal for further histologic analyses including H and E, Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2). Positive cell counts in the region of interest were conducted.
Results:
Gross suture separation and subsequent bone formation on the sutural side bone surface were observed in both groups, characterized as active collagen turnover, remarkable woven bone projection toward the sutural mesenchyme and subsequent maturation in 3 weeks. Increase in PCNA- and FGFR2-postive cell proportions were comparable in both groups, indicating similar time- and area-specific proliferation and osteogenic differentiation patterns in the stretched suture regardless of the age groups.
Conclusion:
According to the results, it can be implicated that the tensile stress applied to the suture in the adult group may induce active bone formation similar to that in young group, in associated with FGFR2 and Erk signaling cascade. Mesenchymal cells in the premaxillary suture appear to retain remarkable potential for further proliferation and differentiation even in aged subjects.
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15
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Tsuda A, Donaghey TC, Konduru NV, Pyrgiotakis G, Van Winkle LS, Zhang Z, Edwards P, Bustamante JM, Brain JD, Demokritou P. Age-Dependent Translocation of Gold Nanoparticles across the Air-Blood Barrier. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10095-10102. [PMID: 31397554 PMCID: PMC6929694 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Do immature lungs have air-blood barriers that are more permeable to inhaled nanoparticles than those of fully developed mature lungs? Data supporting this notion and explaining the underlying mechanisms do not exist as far as we know. Using a rat model of postnatal lung development, here the data exactly supporting this notion, that is, significantly more gold nanoparticles (NPs) cross from the air space of the lungs to the rest of the body in neonates than in adults, are presented. Moreover, in neonates the translocation of gold NPs is not size dependent, whereas in adult animals smaller NPs cross the air-blood lung barrier much more efficiently than larger NPs. This difference in air-blood permeability in neonate versus adult animals suggests that NP translocation in the immature lungs may follow different rules than in mature lungs. Supporting this notion, we propose that the paracellular transport route may play a more significant role in NP translocation in immature animals, as suggested by protein expression studies. Findings from this study are critical to design optimal ways of inhalation drug delivery using NP nanocarriers for this age group, as well as for better understanding of the potential adverse health effects of nanoparticle exposures in infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tsuda
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Thomas C. Donaghey
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nagarjun V. Konduru
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Laura S. Van Winkle
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zhenyuan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Patricia Edwards
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jessica-Miranda Bustamante
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Joseph D. Brain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Phillip Demokritou
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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16
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Han FY, Kuo A, Nicholson JR, Corradinni L, Smith MT. Comparative analgesic efficacy of pregabalin administered according to either a prevention protocol or an intervention protocol in rats with cisplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1067-1075. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Y Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Andy Kuo
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | | | - Maree T Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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17
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Agoston DV. How to Translate Time? The Temporal Aspect of Human and Rodent Biology. Front Neurol 2017; 8:92. [PMID: 28367138 PMCID: PMC5355425 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denes V Agoston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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White ER, Pinar C, Bostrom CA, Meconi A, Christie BR. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Produces Long-Lasting Deficits in Synaptic Plasticity in the Female Juvenile Hippocampus. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:1111-1123. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. White
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cristina Pinar
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Crystal A. Bostrom
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alicia Meconi
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian R. Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Brain Health and Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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19
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Uysal M, Gül SS, Karaman S, Tas U, Sapmaz HI, Uysal F, Aytekin K, Tümer MK. Caecum location in laboratory rats and mice: an anatomical and radiological study. Lab Anim 2016; 51:245-255. [PMID: 27381195 DOI: 10.1177/0023677216658916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection is the most frequently used method for implementing parenteral therapies in rats and mice. Whether the caecum is located in the right caudal quadrant or left caudal quadrant in the abdominal cavity is not clear. For that reason, we have developed a method for identifying the location of the caecum in rats and mice and thus revealed the most reliable location for i.p. injection in these animals. Two hundred Wistar albino rats and 100 BALB/c mice were used. The location of the caecum was determined by revealing the intra-abdominal organs immediately following euthanasia, photographing the organs, and archiving the images. Both digital photographic images and computed tomographic (CT) sections were analysed in terms of caecum morphology and location. In both rats and mice, the caecum was most commonly located on the animal's left side. It was less frequently located on the right side or in the centre. The caecum was typically comma-shaped, but it was round or S-shaped in some animals. The direction of rotation of the caecum from the basis to the apex was mostly counterclockwise. Additionally, the apex showed a tendency to be evenly centred. This study demonstrated that the caecum was mostly located on the animal's left side; and for that reason, the most suitable location for i.p. injection in these animals was understood to be the right caudal quadrant. Furthermore, when we compared the CT images and autopsy findings, the caecum did not change location in the abdominal cavity postmortem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Uysal
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serdar Savaş Gül
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serhat Karaman
- 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Tas
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hilal Irmak Sapmaz
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Funda Uysal
- 4 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kursad Aytekin
- 5 Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tümer
- 6 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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20
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Selleri P, Di Girolamo N. A randomized controlled trial of factors influencing fire occurrence during laser surgery of cadaveric rodents under simulated mask anesthesia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 246:639-44. [PMID: 25719846 DOI: 10.2460/javma.246.6.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether face mask fit during anesthesia affects the occurrence of fire episodes during laser surgery in nonintubated cadaveric rodents under volatile anesthesia. DESIGN Adaptive single-center randomized controlled trial with an interim analysis. SAMPLE 100 dead rats intended for animal consumption. PROCEDURES Rat carcasses were randomly allocated to undergo simulated anesthetic procedures with 2 face masks: open mask versus tight-fitting mask. Under volatile anesthesia, 4 cutaneous surgeries were performed (skin biopsies at 3 different sites and resection of a pinna) by means of a diode laser on each carcass. A single interim analysis of 50 rats was planned a priori to drop an arm of the study in the case of a highly significant difference in the incidence of fire events. Surgeries would have continued with the other face mask until completion of the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Overall, 25 surgeries were performed with open face masks and 75 with tight-fitting masks. During 400 surgical procedures on 100 rat carcasses, 11 (11%; 95% confidence interval, 5.62% to 18.83%) fire events occurred. Ten fire events occurred with the open masks, and 1 fire event occurred with the tight-fitting masks (relative risk, 30.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.0 to 222.8). All of the fire events occurred on different carcasses when cheek skin biopsy was performed. Procedure time, body weight, and surgeon did not significantly concur in the prediction of fire events. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Modification of open masks by the addition of a latex diaphragm significantly reduced the occurrence of fire ignition during laser surgery. Results suggested that open masks should not be used for laser surgery of nonintubated rodents during volatile anesthesia. Additionally, results indicated that surgical lasers should be avoided for facial surgery of nonintubated anesthetized rodents, even if tight-fitting masks are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Selleri
- Clinica per Animali Esotici, Centro Veterinario Specialistico (CVS), Via Sandro Giovannini 53, Roma, Italy
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21
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Iwasaki S, Inoue K. Maternal-infant separation impedes changes in feeding behavior during estrous cycle of rats. Exp Anim 2015; 64:383-90. [PMID: 26119792 PMCID: PMC4637375 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.15-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic and stressful events during childhood are associated with the development of
eating disorders. We conducted an animal study to test if association stress in childhood
affects ingestive behavior later in life by using female rats that have an adjusted
estrous cycle. First, electrical impedance of the vagina was conducted to test estrous
cycle adjustment. Second, the effects of 6 h per day maternal separation from birth to
weaning, which models a psychologically stressful experience in childhood, was used to
test feeding behavior during an ovarian cycle in female adult rats with matched estrous
cycles. Food and water intake in maternal separated and non-separated rats was measured in
each estrous phase. Non-separated rats showed periodical changes, but maternal separated
rats showed no significant changes in food and water intake during an estrous cycle. An
opposing tendency for food and water intake was seen between maternal separated and
non-separated rats. These observations suggest that electrical impedance of the vagina
showed the highest value in the estrous phase of rats housed in a reversed light-dark
cycle, and maternal separation was found to disturb changes in feeding behavior during the
estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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22
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Choi JS, Cheon EJ, Kim TU, Moon WS, Kim JW, Kim MR. Dermal toxicity study of rice bran supercritical CO2 extract in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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23
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Ilyas Z, Shah HS, Al-Oweini R, Kortz U, Iqbal J. Antidiabetic potential of polyoxotungstates: in vitro and in vivo studies. Metallomics 2015; 6:1521-6. [PMID: 24887259 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder continuously affecting people all over the world. A common way to treat diabetes mellitus is to limit the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose which is mediated by glucosidase enzymes. Diabetes mellitus is also famous for its life-threatening microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy) and macrovascular (atherosclerosis) complications. Aldose reductases present in eye lens (ALR1) and kidney (ALR2) are responsible for microvascular complications. The production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. The present work was aimed at the synthesis and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of different polyoxotungstates against glucosidases (α- and β), aldose reductases (ALR1 and ALR2) and AGEs to discover a new treatment which may limit the complications associated with diabetes mellitus. The polyanion [P6W18O79](20-) was found to be the most potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.33 ± 0.41 μM), ALR1 (IC50 = 0.4 ± 0.009 μM) and ALR2 (IC50 = 0.38 ± 0.02 μM). Animal studies showed that the polyanion [H2W12O40](6-) was very effective in reducing the blood glucose level to 84.25 ± 5.07 mg dL(-1) when compared with standard antidiabetic drug glibenclamide (150.62 ± 9.35 mg dL(-1)) measured after maximum 8 h of dose administration. The data obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that [P6W18O79](20-) and [H2W12O40](6-) could be used as a new treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaitoon Ilyas
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Postal Code 22060, Pakistan.
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24
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BARBE MF, JAIN NX, MASSICOTTE VS, POPOFF SN, BARR-GILLESPIE AE. Ergonomic task reduction prevents bone osteopenia in a rat model of upper extremity overuse. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2015; 53:206-221. [PMID: 25739896 PMCID: PMC4466874 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of ergonomic workload reduction of switching rats from a high repetition high force (HRHF) lever pulling task to a reduced force and reach rate task for preventing task-induced osteopenic changes in distal forelimb bones. Distal radius and ulna trabecular structure was examined in young adult rats performing one of three handle-pulling tasks for 12 wk: (1) HRHF, (2) low repetition low force (LRLF); or (3) HRHF for 4 wk and than LRLF thereafter (HRHF-to-LRLF). Results were compared to age-matched controls rats. Distal forelimb bones of 12-wk HRHF rats showed increased trabecular resorption and decreased volume, as control rats. HRHF-to-LRLF rats had similar trabecular bone quality as control rats; and decreased bone resorption (decreased trabecular bone volume and serum CTX1), increased bone formation (increased mineral apposition, bone formation rate, and serum osteocalcin), and decreased osteoclasts and inflammatory cytokines, than HRHF rats. Thus, an ergonomic intervention of HRHF-to-LRLF prevented loss of trabecular bone volume occurring with prolonged performance of a repetitive upper extremity task. These findings support the idea of reduced workload as an effective approach to management of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, and begin to define reach rate and load level boundaries for such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F. BARBE
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University
School of Medicine, USA
| | - Nisha X. JAIN
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis,
USA
| | - Vicky S. MASSICOTTE
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University
School of Medicine, USA
| | - Steven N. POPOFF
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University
School of Medicine, USA
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25
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Okano T, Nakata K, Nakaya Y, Nagamine T, Onuma M. Reproductive traits of the Ryukyu long-furred rat (Diplothrix legata) on Okinawa-jima Island. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:637-42. [PMID: 25649850 PMCID: PMC4488399 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ryukyu long-furred rat, Diplothrix legata, is a large rodent distributed only on Amami-ohshima Island, Tokuno-shima Island and Okinawa-jima Island, Japan. This animal is endangered as a result of deforestation, predation by introduced carnivores and mortality caused by vehicles. We performed theriogenological examinations of 32 male and 25 female Ryukyu long-furred rats carcasses collected from wild populations on northern Okinawa-jima Island from December 2005 to September 2013. Adult males had remarkably large preputial glands. Seminiferous diameter of adult was significantly small (136 ± 28 µm, n=8) from April to August. Numerous spermatozoa were observed from September through February, and seminiferous diameter was significantly large (216 ± 27 µm, n=12) during this time in adults; testes length changed in a similar pattern. These findings indicate that the mating season may occur from September through February. Size (body length) at sexual maturity was estimated to be >560 mm in both sexes. From observation of corpora lutea and placental scars, litter size was estimated to range from 2 to 12 (average=6, n=4). These results provide fundamental knowledge that will be beneficial for in situ and ex situ conservation of this rare species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Okano
- Ecological Genetics Analysis Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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Ramachandran K, Peng X, Bokvist K, Stehno-Bittel L. Assessment of re-aggregated human pancreatic islets for secondary drug screening. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:3010-22. [PMID: 24641508 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets is a pivotal assay in developing novel insulin secretagogues, given its good correlation with in vivo efficacy. Because the supply of human islets is limited, this assay is typically run with rodent islets, which do not address species differences and are low-throughput, because of the size matching or volume normalization required. Here we have evaluated the suitability of human re-aggregated islets for this assay. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We generated re-aggregated human islets of a consistent size, using micromolds and compared their responses with those of native human and rat islets, to known secretagogues and inhibitors of insulin release. KEY RESULTS Insulin secretion from rat islets, human islets and human re-aggregated cell clusters was concentration-dependently increased by glucose. The calcium channel agonist, Bay K 8644, stimulated insulin secretion in native rat islets and human re-aggregated islets, but not native human islets. Glibenclamide and tolbutamide were more effective and potent in re-aggregated human clusters compared with the other two preparations. Rat islets outperformed both human preparations of islets in response to caffeine, carbachol and glucagon-like peptide-1. Re-aggregated human islet clusters were more sensitive to somatostatin, diazoxide and sodium azide, but rodent islets were more sensitive to nifedipine. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Human re-aggregated clusters of islet cells, of a constant size were more responsive to all compounds tested than native human islets. Importantly, the assay variability was less in the re-aggregated cluster preparations, which suggests that such re-aggregated cells could be useful for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ramachandran
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Lionetti L, Mollica MP, Donizzetti I, Gifuni G, Sica R, Pignalosa A, Cavaliere G, Gaita M, De Filippo C, Zorzano A, Putti R. High-lard and high-fish-oil diets differ in their effects on function and dynamic behaviour of rat hepatic mitochondria. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92753. [PMID: 24663492 PMCID: PMC3963938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that frequently undergo fission and fusion processes, and imbalances in these processes may be involved in obesity and insulin resistance. Aims The present work had the following aims: (a) to evaluate whether the mitochondrial dysfunction present in the hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet is associated with changes in mitochondrial dynamics and morphology; (b) to evaluate whether effects on the above parameters differ between high-lard and high-fish-oil diets, as it has been suggested that fish oil may have anti-obesity and anti-steatotic effects by stimulating fatty acids utilisation. Methods The development of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance was monitored in rats fed a high-lard or high-fish-oil diet. Immunohistochemical and electronic microscopic observations were performed on liver sections. In isolated liver mitochondria, assessments of fatty acids oxidation rate, proton conductance and oxidative stress (by measuring H2O2 release and aconitase activity) were performed. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the presence of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics (i.e., fusion and fission processes). To investigate the fusion process, mitofusin 2 and autosomal dominant optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) were analysed. To investigate the fission process, the presence of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and fission 1 protein (Fis1) was assessed. Results High-lard feeding elicited greater hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance with associated mitochondrial dysfunction, greater oxidative stress and a shift towards mitochondrial fission processes (versus high-fish-oil feeding, which had an anti-steatotic effect associated with increased mitochondrial fusion processes). Conclusions Different types of high-fat diets differ in their effect on mitochondrial function and dynamic behaviour, leading to different cellular adaptations to over-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Gifuni
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Sica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Pignalosa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Gaita
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara De Filippo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalba Putti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Picut CA, Remick AK, Asakawa MG, Simons ML, Parker GA. Histologic Features of Prepubertal and Pubertal Reproductive Development in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 42:403-13. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623313484832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In response to growing concerns that environmental chemicals may have adverse effects on human health by altering the endocrine system, the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), under the auspices of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), recently instituted a Tier I battery of tests including a female pubertal assay. This assay requires dosing of female rats from postnatal day (PND) 22 through PND 42 (or 43), the period of pubertal development in the rat, to identify test articles that may have estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects, or may alter hormones or neurotransmitters. While certain landmarks in female rat reproductive development are published, little is published on the microscopic appearance of the female reproductive tract during prepubertal and pubertal development. In this study, reproductive tissues from three female Sprague-Dawley rats were collected each day from PND 20 through PND 50, such that tissues from a total of 93 rats were collected throughout the prepubertal and pubertal period. Tissues were formalin-fixed, trimmed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned at 5-µm thickness, and examined microscopically. The major histologic features of the female reproductive tract throughout this critical period were described in detail. This information will help pathologists interpret findings observed in female pubertal assays.
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Barle EL, Černe M, Peternel L, Homar M. Reduced intravenous toxicity of amiodarone nanosuspension in mice and rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2012; 36:263-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2012.710628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ennis K, Deelchand DK, Tkac I, Henry PG, Rao R. Determination of oxidative glucose metabolism in vivo in the young rat brain using localized direct-detected ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1962-8. [PMID: 21660589 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Determination of oxidative metabolism in the brain using in vivo ¹³C NMR spectroscopy (¹³C MRS) typically requires repeated blood sampling throughout the study to measure blood glucose concentration and fractional enrichment (input function). However, drawing blood from small animals, such as young rats, placed deep inside the magnet is technically difficult due to their small total blood volume. In the present study, a custom-built animal holder enabled temporary removal of the animal from the magnet for blood collection, followed by accurate repositioning in the exact presampling position without degradation of B₀ shimming. ¹³C label incorporation into glutamate C4 and C3 positions during a 120 min [1,6-¹³C₂] glucose infusion was determined in 28-day-old rats (n = 4) under α-chloralose sedation using localized, direct-detected in vivo ¹³C MRS at 9.4T. The tricarboxylic acid cycle activity rate (V(TCA)) determined using a one-compartment metabolic modeling was 0.67 ± 0.13 μmol/g/min, a value comparable to previous ex vivo studies. This methodology opens the avenue for in vivo measurements of brain metabolic rates using ¹³C MRS in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Ennis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 39, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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KURAMOTO T. Yoso-Tama-No-Kakehashi; The First Japanese Guidebook on Raising Rats. Exp Anim 2011; 60:1-6. [DOI: 10.1538/expanim.60.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi KURAMOTO
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
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Alligood CA, Daneault AJ, Carlson RC, Dillenbeck T, Wheaton CJ, Savage A. Development of husbandry practices for the captive breeding of key largo woodrats (Neotoma floridana smalli). Zoo Biol 2010; 30:318-27. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Ichihashi M, Hasegawa M, Imahie H, Nishida A, Kitamura K. Effects of Nanpao, a Kampo medicine, on the decline in estrous cyclicity with advancing age in female rats, as measured by vaginal impedance methods. Exp Anim 2010; 59:85-93. [PMID: 20224172 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.59.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the time-dependent effects of Nanpao, a kampo medicine, on age-related changes in the estrous cycle of female rats, and to investigate the utility of measuring electrical impedance in the vagina (EIV) for studying transitional changes in the estrous cycle. Rats were allocated to 3 groups: control, Nanpao 30 mg/kg/day, and 100 mg/kg/day groups. EIV measurements and cytology samples were taken for 14 days at the age of 6 months before the initial treatment. After the start of the treatment, these data were collected at about monthly intervals until the age of 10 months in the same manner. Observations at the ages of 7 (weeks 2-3 of dosing) and 8 months (weeks 6-7 of dosing) showed that loss of a regular estrous cycle in the 100 mg/kg/day group was inhibited as compared to the control group. Moreover, at the ages of 9 (weeks 11-12 of dosing) and 10 months (weeks 17-18 of dosing), these effects were identified not only in the 100 mg/kg/day group, but also in the 30 mg/kg/day group. Since vaginal cytology and EIV gave almost concordant results as indicators of estrous cyclicity, we concluded that the measurement of EIV was capable of detecting time-dependent changes in the estrous cycle as well as observations of vaginal smears. A short period of Nanpao administration inhibited loss of regular estrous cycles, and the EIV method is a worthwhile approach to a more precise study of estrous cyclicity in rats exhibiting abnormal estrous cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ichihashi
- Safety Research Laboratory, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Osaka, Japan
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Reference Data of the Main Physiological Parameters in Control Sprague-Dawley Rats from Pre-clinical Toxicity Studies. Lab Anim Res 2010. [DOI: 10.5625/lar.2010.26.2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Jin X, Lok E, Caldwell D, Mueller R, Kapal K, Liston V, Kubow S, Chan HM, Mehta R. Dietary fats altered nephrotoxicity profile of methylmercury in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29:126-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Stokes EL, Flecknell PA, Richardson CA. Reported analgesic and anaesthetic administration to rodents undergoing experimental surgical procedures. Lab Anim 2008; 43:149-54. [PMID: 19116297 DOI: 10.1258/la.2008.008020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A structured literature review was carried out to assess recent trends in the administration of analgesics and anaesthetics to laboratory rats and mice undergoing surgical procedures. The ScienceDirect database was used to systematically identify studies published in peer-reviewed journals over two periods (2000-2001 and 2005-2006), 86 studies from each time period were included in the review. The total number of animals that underwent surgery, species used, type of procedure, anaesthetic regimen and analgesic administration were noted for each study. There was an increase in the reported administration of systemic analgesics from 10% in 2000-2001 to 20% in 2005-2006. Buprenorphine was the most commonly reported analgesic in both periods (2000-2001: 78%, 2005-2006: 35%) and reporting the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increased from 11% to 53%. There was also a change in reported anaesthetic practices, notably a decrease in the use of pentobarbital and an increase in the use of isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine. Although reported administration of analgesics has increased and there has been some refinement in the selection of anaesthetic agents used, the findings of this review suggest that there is still significant scope for improvement with respect to the perioperative care of laboratory rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Stokes
- Comparative Biology Centre, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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37
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Diagnosis | Osteitis deformans or Paget's disease of bone. Lab Anim (NY) 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/laban1008-450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Coria-Avila GA, Díaz-Muñoz IE, Pérez-Pouchoulén M, Aranda-Abreu GE, Pacheco P, Manzo J. Snout deviation and eye protrusion in a male rat. Lab Anim (NY) 2008; 37:449-51. [PMID: 18810261 DOI: 10.1038/laban1008-449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genaro A Coria-Avila
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo s/n, Colonia Industrial Las Animas, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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Bernhard W, Schmiedl A, Koster G, Orgeig S, Acevedo C, Poets CF, Postle AD. Developmental changes in rat surfactant lipidomics in the context of species variability. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007; 42:794-804. [PMID: 17659602 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung surfactant comprises mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC) species together with phosphatidylglycerols and surfactant proteins (SP) SP-A to -D. Changes in the concentrations of its principal components dipalmitoyl-PC, palmitoylmyristoyl-PC, palmitoylpalmitoleoyl-PC relative to developmental, structural and physiological differences are only partially understood. Particularly, their attribution to differences in air-liquid interface curvature, compared with dynamic parameters, such as respiratory rate, are controversial. We postulated that during alveolarization the changes in these principal PC components of surfactant differ from those in other phospholipid parameters, and that across endothermic vertebrates their concentrations are related to lung physiology rather than structure. We therefore investigated in rats from postnatal day (d)1 to d42 the pattern of surfactant phospholipids relative to alveolarization (d4-d14), and we discuss these changes in terms of molecular adaptation to pulmonary structure or physiology. Contrary to mammals with advanced alveolarization and increased respiratory rate (RR) at term, concentrations of dipalmitoyl-PC (49-52%) and palmitoylmyristoyl-PC (7-9%) in lung lavage fluid were identical at d1 and d42. At d7-d14, when in rats RR is increased, palmitoyl-myristoyl-PC transiently increased by 2.5- to 3.9-fold at the expense of dipalmitoyl-PC (-32% to 34%) and palmitoyl-palmitoleoyl-PC (-16%). Other lipidomic changes followed essentially different patterns of increase or decrease. Palmitoyl-myristoyl-PC was increased in large aggregates suggesting that it is an integral component of active surfactant. In the overall context of vertebrates, irrespective of age and lung structure, fractions of palmitoyl-myristoyl-PC, dipalmitoyl-PC and palmitoyl-palmitoleoyl-PC correlate with differences in RR rather than alveolar curvature. In adult mammals, however, only concentrations of palmitoyl-palmitoleoyl-PC correlate with RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bernhard
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany.
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40
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Dickie R, Wang YT, Butler JP, Schulz H, Tsuda A. Distribution and Quantity of Contractile Tissue in Postnatal Development of Rat Alveolar Interstitium. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2007; 291:83-93. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Arfsten DP, Bekkedal M, Wilfong ER, Rossi J, Grasman KA, Healey LB, Rutkiewicz JM, Johnson EW, Thitoff AR, Jung AE, Lohrke SR, Schaeffer DJ, Still KR. Study of the reproductive effects in rats surgically implanted with depleted uranium for up to 90 days. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2005; 68:967-97. [PMID: 16020187 DOI: 10.1080/15287390590912603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In 2001, the Naval Health Research Center Toxicology Detachment was funded by the U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA) to conduct a study of the effects of surgically implanted depleted uranium (DU) pellets on adult rat reproductive success and development across two successive generations. This article presents some of the findings for the group of offspring from adult rats mated at 30 d post surgical implantation of DU pellets. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (P1 generation) were surgically implanted with 0, 4, 8, or 12 DU pellets (1 x 2 mm). The P1 generation was then cross-mated at 30 d post surgical implantation. Urine collected from P1 animals at 27 d post surgical implantation showed that DU was excreted in the urine of DU-implanted animals in a dose-dependent manner. DU surgical implantation did not have a negative impact on P1 reproductive success, survival, or body weight gain through post surgical implantation d 90. There were no statistically significant differences in F1 birth weight, survival, and litter size at postnatal day (PND) 0, 5, and 20. No gross physical abnormalities identified in the offspring were attributable to neonatal DU exposure. A series of neurodevelopment and immune function assessments were also conducted on F1 offspring. No group differences were observed that were related to parental DU exposure. Studies are ongoing on the impact of leaving DU embedded in soft tissue for 120 d on rat reproduction and subsequent offspring survival and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Arfsten
- Naval Health Research Center Detachment, Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA.
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Abstract
Rats have been widely used in the study of skin wound healing and the efficacy of different treatment modalities. This particular animal species is often selected for its availability, low cost, and small size. To define the current use of rat skin wound healing models, this manuscript provides a review of articles published between 2000 and 2003 that chose rats as their research animals. Of the 55 articles reviewed, it was found that 38.2% of the studies used incisional models and 38.2% used excisional models, with some studies using combinations. The majority of the studies (78.2%) used the rat's dorsum as the wound location. Male Sprague Dawley in the 250-300 gram weight range were the most preferred rats. Sodium pentobarbital/pentobarbitone was the most commonly used anesthetic choice. Similarities and differences in the selected experimental conditions are noted and questions are raised with regard to comparability between studies and the ability to transfer the data from the animal model to the human clinical situation. Attempts to compare studies for the advancement of wound healing knowledge are being hampered by the differences found between the studies. Standardization in reporting could facilitate comparisons and may instigate additional research that favors the inevitable comparisons between the studies. Thus, universal reporting requirements need to be developed for animal wound healing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda A Dorsett-Martin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39126-4505, USA.
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