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Zhou S, Sun L, Mao F, Chen J. Sphingolipids in prostate cancer prognosis: integrating single-cell and bulk sequencing. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8031-8043. [PMID: 38713159 PMCID: PMC11131980 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stratifying patient risk and exploring the tumor microenvironment are critical endeavors in prostate cancer research, essential for advancing our understanding and management of this disease. METHODS Single-cell sequencing data for prostate cancer were sourced from the pradcellatlas website, while bulk transcriptome data were obtained from the TCGA database. Dimensionality reduction cluster analysis was employed to investigate heterogeneity in single-cell sequencing data. Gene set enrichment analysis, utilizing GO and KEGG pathways, was conducted to explore functional aspects. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified key gene modules. Prognostic models were developed using Cox regression and LASSO regression techniques, implemented in R software. Validation of key gene expression levels was performed via PCR assays. RESULTS Through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptome data, key genes implicated in prostate cancer pathogenesis were identified. A prognostic model focused on sphingolipid metabolism (SRSR) was constructed, comprising five genes: "FUS," "MARK3," "CHTOP," "ILF3," and "ARIH2." This model effectively stratified patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, with the high-risk cohort exhibiting significantly poorer prognoses. Furthermore, distinct differences in the immune microenvironment were observed between these groups. Validation of key gene expression, exemplified by ILF3, was confirmed through PCR analysis. CONCLUSION This study contributes to our understanding of the role of sphingolipid metabolism in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment. The identified prognostic model holds promise for improving risk stratification and patient outcomes in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian City 223300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian City 223300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Mao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian City 223300, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian City 223300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian City 223300, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Chen L, Xu YX, Wang YS, Zhou JL. Lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and prostate cancer: a crucial metabolic journey. Asian J Androl 2023; 26:00129336-990000000-00150. [PMID: 38157428 PMCID: PMC10919422 DOI: 10.4103/aja202363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in males worldwide, and its development and progression involve the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. Alterations in lipid metabolism affect the proliferation and metastatic capabilities of PCa cells. Cancer cells increase lipid synthesis and regulate fatty acid oxidation to meet their growth and energy demands. Similarly, changes occur in amino acid metabolism in PCa. Cancer cells exhibit an increased demand for specific amino acids, and they regulate amino acid transport and metabolic pathways to fulfill their proliferation and survival requirements. These changes are closely associated with disease progression and treatment response in PCa cells. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of the metabolic characteristics of PCa is expected to offer novel insights and approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yu-Xin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuan-Shuo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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3
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Tan E, Danışman‑Kalındemirtaş F, Karakuş S. Effective drug combinations of betulinic acid and ceranib-2 loaded Zn:MnO2 doped-polymeric nanocarriers against PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113278. [PMID: 37003246 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of theranostic nanocarriers with synergistic drug combinations has received considerable attention due to their improved pharmaceutical activity. Herein, we reported an investigation about the in-vitro anticancer activity of ceranib-2 (Cer), betulinic acid (BA), and the combination of betulinic acid and ceranib-2 (BA-Cer) against PC-3 prostate cancer cells. For this purpose, first we designed a suitable nanocarrier using a novel Zn:MnO2 nanocomposite (NCs) and gallic acid (GA)-polylactic acid (PLA)-Alginate polymeric shell with nanoscale particle size and good stability. Chemical statements, morphology, and physicochemical properties of the nanocarrier have been illuminated with advanced characterization techniques. According to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, Zn:MnO2 NCs had a spherical and monodispersed morphology with a 2.03 ± 0.67 nm diameter. Moreover, vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) results showed that Zn:MnO2 had paramagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization (Ms) value of 1.136 emu/g. Additionally, the in-vitro cytotoxic effects of the single and binary drugs loaded Zn:MnO2-doped polymeric nanocarriers against PC-3 prostate cancer cells were investigated. According to the results, there was no significant cytotoxic effect of free BA and Cer against PC-3 prostate cancer cells. However, BA/Zn:MnO2@GA-PLA-Alginate NCs, BA-Cer/Zn:MnO2 @GA-PLA-Alginate NCs and free BA-Cer had IC50 values of 6.498, 7.351, and 18.571 μg/mL, respectively. Consequently, BA-Cer/Zn:MnO2@GA-PLA-Alginate is a nanocarrier with good stability, enhanced drug loading and release capacity for hydrophobic drugs, as well as being used as both imaging and treatment agent due to its magnetic properties. Furthermore, BA and Cer drug combination showed great promise in prostate cancer therapy which is known to be resulted high drug resistance. We strongly believed that this work could lead to an investigation of the molecular mechanisms of BA-mediated cancer theapy.
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4
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Wu J, Fan S, Feinberg D, Wang X, Jabbar S, Kang Y. Inhibition of Sphingosine Kinase 2 Results in PARK2-Mediated Mitophagy and Induces Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:3047-3063. [PMID: 36975444 PMCID: PMC10047154 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis by clearing damaged mitochondria. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2), a type of sphingosine kinase, is an important metabolic enzyme involved in generating sphingosine-1-phosphate. Its expression level is elevated in many cancers and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, the relationship between SK2 and mitochondrial dysfunction remains unclear. We found that the genetic downregulation of SK2 or treatment with ABC294640, a specific inhibitor of SK2, induced mitophagy and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines. We showed that mitophagy correlates with apoptosis induction and likely occurs through the SET/PP2AC/PARK2 pathway, where inhibiting PP2AC activity may rescue this process. Furthermore, we found that PP2AC and PARK2 form a complex, suggesting that they might regulate mitophagy through protein-protein interactions. Our study demonstrates the important role of SK2 in regulating mitophagy and provides new insights into the mechanism of mitophagy in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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5
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Samaržija I, Trošelj KG, Konjevoda P. Prognostic Significance of Amino Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Prostate Cancer Retrieved by Machine Learning. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041309. [PMID: 36831650 PMCID: PMC9954451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the leading cancers according to both incidence and mortality. Due to the high molecular, morphological and clinical heterogeneity, the course of prostate cancer ranges from slow growth that usually does not require immediate therapeutic intervention to aggressive and fatal disease that spreads quickly. However, currently available biomarkers cannot precisely predict the course of a disease, and novel strategies are needed to guide prostate cancer management. Amino acids serve numerous roles in cancers, among which are energy production, building block reservoirs, maintenance of redox homeostasis, epigenetic regulation, immune system modulation and resistance to therapy. In this article, by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we found that the expression of amino acid metabolism-related genes is highly aberrant in prostate cancer, which holds potential to be exploited in biomarker design or in treatment strategies. This change in expression is especially evident for catabolism genes and transporters from the solute carrier family. Furthermore, by using recursive partitioning, we confirmed that the Gleason score is strongly prognostic for progression-free survival. However, the expression of the genes SERINC3 (phosphatidylserine and sphingolipids generation) and CSAD (hypotaurine generation) can refine prognosis for high and low Gleason scores, respectively. Therefore, our results hold potential for novel prostate cancer progression biomarkers.
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6
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Mak B, Lin HM, Duong T, Mahon KL, Joshua AM, Stockler MR, Gurney H, Parnis F, Zhang A, Scheinberg T, Wittert G, Butler LM, Sullivan D, Hoy AJ, Meikle PJ, Horvath LG. Modulation of Plasma Lipidomic Profiles in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer by Simvastatin. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194792. [PMID: 36230715 PMCID: PMC9563053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated circulating sphingolipids are associated with shorter overall survival and therapeutic resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), suggesting that perturbations in sphingolipid metabolism promotes prostate cancer growth. This study assessed whether addition of simvastatin to standard treatment for mCRPC can modify a poor prognostic circulating lipidomic profile represented by a validated 3-lipid signature (3LS). Men with mCRPC (n = 27) who were not on a lipid-lowering agent, were given simvastatin for 12 weeks (40 mg orally, once daily) with commencement of standard treatment. Lipidomic profiling was performed on their plasma sampled at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. Only 11 men had the poor prognostic 3LS at baseline, of whom five (45%) did not retain the 3LS after simvastatin treatment (expected conversion rate with standard treatment = 19%). At baseline, the plasma profiles of men with the 3LS displayed higher levels (p < 0.05) of sphingolipids (ceramides, hexosylceramides and sphingomyelins) than those of men without the 3LS. These plasma sphingolipids were reduced after statin treatment in men who lost the 3LS (mean decrease: 23−52%, p < 0.05), but not in men with persistent 3LS, and were independent of changes to plasma cholesterol, LDL-C or triacylglycerol. In conclusion, simvastatin in addition to standard treatment can modify the poor prognostic circulating lipidomic profile in mCRPC into a more favourable profile at twice the expected conversion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blossom Mak
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Hui-Ming Lin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Thy Duong
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Kate L. Mahon
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Anthony M. Joshua
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Martin R. Stockler
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Howard Gurney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Francis Parnis
- Adelaide Cancer Centre, Kurralta Park, SA 5037, Australia
| | - Alison Zhang
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Tahlia Scheinberg
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Gary Wittert
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David Sullivan
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Horvath
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8514-0142
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7
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Histone lysine demethylase inhibition reprograms prostate cancer metabolism and mechanics. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101561. [PMID: 35944897 PMCID: PMC9403566 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusions KDMs inhibition promotes increases H3K4me2 and H3K27me3 in PCa and CRPC, which causes cancer selective pro-apoptotic pathways. KDMs regulate AR expression in PCa and CRPC, reducing ATP production, mitochondrial respiration and intermediate metabolites availability. Epigenetic controls metabolic pathways and redirects lipid metabolic cascade. KDMs inhibition alters lipid distribution and composition, impacting on physical and mechanical properties of PCa and CRPC.
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8
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Salji MJ, Blomme A, Däbritz JHM, Repiscak P, Lilla S, Patel R, Sumpton D, van den Broek NJ, Daly R, Zanivan S, Leung HY. Multi-omics & pathway analysis identify potential roles for tumor N-acetyl aspartate accumulation in murine models of castration-resistant prostate cancer. iScience 2022; 25:104056. [PMID: 35345457 PMCID: PMC8957019 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is incurable and remains a significant worldwide challenge (Oakes and Papa, 2015). Matched untargeted multi-level omic datasets may reveal biological changes driving CRPC, identifying novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. Untargeted RNA sequencing, proteomics, and metabolomics were performed on xenografts derived from three independent sets of hormone naive and matched CRPC human cell line models of local, lymph node, and bone metastasis grown as murine orthografts. Collectively, we tested the feasibility of muti-omics analysis on models of CRPC in revealing pathways of interest for future validation investigation. Untargeted metabolomics revealed NAA and NAAG commonly accumulating in CRPC across three independent models and proteomics showed upregulation of related enzymes, namely N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidases (FOLH1/NAALADL2). Based on pathway analysis integrating multiple omic levels, we hypothesize that increased NAA in CRPC may be due to upregulation of NAAG hydrolysis via NAALADLases providing a pool of acetyl Co-A for upregulated sphingolipid metabolism and a pool of glutamate and aspartate for nucleotide synthesis during tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Salji
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Arnaud Blomme
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - J. Henry M. Däbritz
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Peter Repiscak
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Rachana Patel
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Niels J.F. van den Broek
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ronan Daly
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Hing Y. Leung
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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9
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Lu X, Hackman GL, Saha A, Rathore AS, Collins M, Friedman C, Yi SS, Matsuda F, DiGiovanni J, Lodi A, Tiziani S. Metabolomics-based phenotypic screens for evaluation of drug synergy via direct-infusion mass spectrometry. iScience 2022; 25:104221. [PMID: 35494234 PMCID: PMC9046262 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs used in combination can synergize to increase efficacy, decrease toxicity, and prevent drug resistance. While conventional high-throughput screens that rely on univariate data are incredibly valuable to identify promising drug candidates, phenotypic screening methodologies could be beneficial to provide deep insight into the molecular response of drug combination with a likelihood of improved clinical outcomes. We developed a high-content metabolomics drug screening platform using stable isotope-tracer direct-infusion mass spectrometry that informs an algorithm to determine synergy from multivariate phenomics data. Using a cancer drug library, we validated the drug screening, integrating isotope-enriched metabolomics data and computational data mining, on a panel of prostate cell lines and verified the synergy between CB-839 and docetaxel both in vitro (three-dimensional model) and in vivo. The proposed unbiased metabolomics screening platform can be used to rapidly generate phenotype-informed datasets and quantify synergy for combinatorial drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Lu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - G. Lavender Hackman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin,TX 78712, USA
| | - Atul Singh Rathore
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Meghan Collins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Chelsea Friedman
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin,TX 78712, USA
| | - S. Stephen Yi
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology (ICMB), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin,TX 78712, USA,Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA,Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology (ICMB), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA,Corresponding author
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10
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Xu J, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Su Z, Yan T, Zhou S, Wang T, Wei X, Chen Z, Hu G, Chen T, Jia G. DNA damage, serum metabolomic alteration and carcinogenic risk associated with low-level air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 297:118763. [PMID: 34998894 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution has been classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) for lung cancer, but the underlying mechanism and key toxic components remain incompletely understood. Since DNA damage and metabolite alterations are associated with cancer progression, exploring potential mechanisms linking air pollution and cancer might be meaningful. In this study, a real-time ambient air exposure system was established to simulate the real-world environment of adult male SD rats in Beijing from June 13th, 2018, to October 8th, 2018. 8-OHdG in the urine, γ-H2AX in the lungs and mtDNA copy number in the peripheral blood were analyzed to explore DNA damage at different levels. Serum non-targeted metabolomics analysis was performed. Pair-wise spearman was used to explore the correlation between DNA damage biomarkers and serum differential metabolites. Carcinogenic risks of heavy metals and PAHs via inhalation were assessed according to US EPA guidelines. Results showed that PM2.5 and O3 were the major air pollutants in the exposure group and not detected in the control group. Compared with control group, higher levels of 8-OHdG, mtDNA copy number, γ-H2AX and PCNA-positive nuclei cells were observed in the exposure group. Histopathological evaluation suggested ambient air induced alveolar wall thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration in lungs. Perturbed metabolic pathways identified included glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, etc. γ-H2AX was positively correlated with serum ADP, 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The BaPeq was 0.120 ng/m3. Risks of Cr(VI), As, V, BaP, BaA and BbF were above 1 × 10-6. We concluded that low-level air pollution was associated with DNA damage and serum metabolomic alterations in rats. Cr(VI) and BaP were identified as key carcinogenic components in PM2.5. Our results provided experimental evidence for hazard identification and risk assessment of low-level air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zekang Su
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tenglong Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shupei Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhangjian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guiping Hu
- School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tian Chen
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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A 5-Fluorouracil Derivative: Carmofur as a New Potent Agent for Inhibition of Human Prostate and Breast Cancer Cell Lines. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-021-01227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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12
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Nassan FL, Kelly RS, Koutrakis P, Vokonas PS, Lasky-Su JA, Schwartz JD. Metabolomic signatures of the short-term exposure to air pollution and temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111553. [PMID: 34171372 PMCID: PMC8478827 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposures to air pollution and temperature have been reported to be associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. However, mechanistic understanding of the affected metabolic pathways is still lacking and literature on the short-term exposure of air-pollution on the metabolome is limited. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine changes in the plasma metabolome and associated metabolic pathways related to short-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and temperature. METHODS We performed mass-spectrometry based untargeted metabolomic profiling of plasma samples from a large and well-characterized cohort of men (Normative Aging Study) to identify metabolic pathways associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, O3, and temperature (one, seven-, and thirty-day average of address-specific predicted estimates). We used multivariable linear mixed-effect regression and independent component analysis (ICA) while simultaneously adjusting for all exposures and correcting for multiple testing. RESULTS Overall, 456 white men provided 648 blood samples, in which 1158 metabolites were quantified, between 2000 and 2016. Average age and body mass index were 75.0 years and 27.7 kg/m2, respectively. Only 3% were current smokers. In the adjusted models, NO2, and temperature showed statistically significant associations with several metabolites (19 metabolites for NO2 and 5 metabolites for temperature). We identified six metabolic pathways (sphingolipid, butanoate, pyrimidine, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, propanoate, and pyruvate metabolisms) perturbed with short-term exposure to air pollution and temperature. These pathways were involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, immunity, and nucleic acid damage and repair. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report an untargeted metabolomic signature of temperature exposure, the largest to report an untargeted metabolomic signature of air pollution, and the first to use ICA. We identified several significant plasma metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with short-term exposure to air pollution and temperature; using an untargeted approach. Those pathways were involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, immunity, and nucleic acid damage and repair. These results need to be confirmed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiby L Nassan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pantel S Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jessica A Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Trapika IGMGSC, Liu XT, Chung LH, Lai F, Xie C, Zhao Y, Cui S, Chen J, Tran C, Wang Q, Zhang S, Don AS, Li GQ, Hanrahan JR, Qi Y. Ceramide Regulates Anti-Tumor Mechanisms of Erianin in Androgen-Sensitive and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738078. [PMID: 34604081 PMCID: PMC8484793 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent malignancy worldwide. In the early stages, the development of prostate cancer is dependent on androgens. Over time with androgen deprivation therapy, 20% of prostate cancers progress to a castration-resistant form. Novel treatments for prostate cancers are still urgently needed. Erianin is a plant-derived bibenzyl compound. We report herein that erianin exhibits anti-tumor effects in androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells through different mechanisms. Erianin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. It also triggers pro-survival autophagic responses, as inhibition of autophagy predisposes to apoptosis. In contrast, erianin fails to induce apoptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Instead, it results in cell cycle arrest at the M phase. Mechanistically, C16 ceramide dictates differential responses of androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells to erianin. Erianin elevates C16 ceramide level in androgen-sensitive but not castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Overexpression of ceramide synthase 5 that specifically produces C16 ceramide enables erianin to induce apoptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Our study provides both experimental evidence and mechanistic data showing that erianin is a potential treatment option for prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Md Gde Surya C. Trapika
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin Tracy Liu
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Felcia Lai
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Chanlu Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Chinese Medicine Anti-Cancer Evaluation Program, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biorescources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Collin Tran
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Qian Wang
- Translational Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biorescources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Anthony S. Don
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - George Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane R. Hanrahan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Yanfei Qi, ; Jane R. Hanrahan,
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Yanfei Qi, ; Jane R. Hanrahan,
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14
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Nassan FL, Wang C, Kelly RS, Lasky-Su JA, Vokonas PS, Koutrakis P, Schwartz JD. Ambient PM 2.5 species and ultrafine particle exposure and their differential metabolomic signatures. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 151:106447. [PMID: 33639346 PMCID: PMC7994935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolomic signatures of short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 have been reported and linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. However, little is known about the relative contribution of the specific PM2.5 species (hence sources) that drive these metabolomic signatures. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the relative contribution of the different species of PM2.5 exposure to the perturbed metabolic pathways related to changes in the plasma metabolome. METHODS We performed mass-spectrometry based metabolomic profiling of plasma samples among men from the Normative Aging Study to identify metabolic pathways associated with PM2.5 species. The exposure windows included short-term (one, seven-, and thirty-day moving average) and long-term (one year moving average). We used linear mixed-effect regression with subject-specific intercepts while simultaneously adjusting for PM2.5, NO2, O3, temperature, relative humidity, and covariates and correcting for multiple testing. We also used independent component analysis (ICA) to examine the relative contribution of patterns of PM2.5 species. RESULTS Between 2000 and 2016, 456 men provided 648 blood samples, in which 1158 metabolites were quantified. We chose 305 metabolites for the short-term and 288 metabolites for the long-term exposure in this analysis that were significantly associated (p-value < 0.01) with PM2.5 to include in our PM2.5 species analysis. On average, men were 75.0 years old and their body mass index was 27.7 kg/m2. Only 3% were current smokers. In the adjusted models, ultrafine particles (UFPs) were the most significant species of short-term PM2.5 exposure followed by nickel, vanadium, potassium, silicon, and aluminum. Black carbon, vanadium, zinc, nickel, iron, copper, and selenium were the significant species of long-term PM2.5 exposure. We identified several metabolic pathways perturbed with PM2.5 species including glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, and glutathione. These pathways are involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, immunity, and nucleic acid damage and repair. Results were overlapped with the ICA. CONCLUSIONS We identified several significant perturbed plasma metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with exposure to PM2.5 species. These species are associated with traffic, fuel oil, and wood smoke. This is the largest study to report a metabolomic signature of PM2.5 species' exposure and the first to use ICA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiby L Nassan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jessica A Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Pantel S Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Buszewska-Forajta M, Pomastowski P, Monedeiro F, Walczak-Skierska J, Markuszewski M, Matuszewski M, Markuszewski MJ, Buszewski B. Lipidomics as a Diagnostic Tool for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092000. [PMID: 33919225 PMCID: PMC8122642 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to explore the phospholipid alterations associated with the development of prostate cancer (PCa) using two imaging methods: matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF/MS), and electrospray ionization with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (ESI-QqQ/MS). For this purpose, samples of PCa tissue (n = 40) were evaluated in comparison to the controls (n = 40). As a result, few classes of compounds, namely phosphatidylcholines (PCs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), sphingomyelins (SMs), and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), were determined. The obtained results were evaluated by univariate (Mann-Whitney U-test) and multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis, correlation analysis, volcano plot, artificial neural network, and random forest algorithm), in order to select the most discriminative features and to search for the relationships between the responses of these groups of substances, also in terms of the used analytical technique. Based on previous literature and our results, it can be assumed that PCa is linked with both the synthesis of fatty acids and lipid oxidation. Among the compounds, phospholipids, namely PC 16:0/16:1, PC 16:0/18:2, PC 18:0/22:5, PC 18:1/18:2, PC 18:1/20:0, PC 18:1/20:4, and SM d18:1/24:0, were assigned as metabolites with the best discriminative power for the tested groups. Based on the results, lipidomics can be found as alternative diagnostic tool for CaP diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Buszewska-Forajta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Aleja Generała Józefa Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(58)-3491493
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.P.); (F.M.); (B.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Fernanda Monedeiro
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.P.); (F.M.); (B.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Justyna Walczak-Skierska
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Marcin Markuszewski
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcin Matuszewski
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Michał J. Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Aleja Generała Józefa Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.P.); (F.M.); (B.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
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16
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Nassan FL, Kelly RS, Kosheleva A, Koutrakis P, Vokonas PS, Lasky-Su JA, Schwartz JD. Metabolomic signatures of the long-term exposure to air pollution and temperature. Environ Health 2021; 20:3. [PMID: 33413450 PMCID: PMC7788989 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposures to air pollution has been reported to be associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the changes in the blood metabolome and thus the metabolic pathways associated with long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and ambient temperature. METHODS We quantified metabolites using mass-spectrometry based global untargeted metabolomic profiling of plasma samples among men from the Normative Aging Study (NAS). We estimated the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, O3, and temperature (annual average of central site monitors) with metabolites and their associated metabolic pathways. We used multivariable linear mixed-effect regression models (LMEM) while simultaneously adjusting for the four exposures and potential confounding and correcting for multiple testing. As a reduction method for the intercorrelated metabolites (outcome), we further used an independent component analysis (ICA) and conducted LMEM with the same exposures. RESULTS Men (N = 456) provided 648 blood samples between 2000 and 2016 in which 1158 metabolites were quantified. On average, men were 75.0 years and had an average body mass index of 27.7 kg/m2. Almost all men (97%) were not current smokers. The adjusted analysis showed statistically significant associations with several metabolites (58 metabolites with PM2.5, 15 metabolites with NO2, and 6 metabolites with temperature) while no metabolites were associated with O3. One out of five ICA factors (factor 2) was significantly associated with PM2.5. We identified eight perturbed metabolic pathways with long-term exposure to PM2.5 and temperature: glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, glutathione, beta-alanine, propanoate, and purine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. These pathways are related to inflammation, oxidative stress, immunity, and nucleic acid damage and repair. CONCLUSIONS Using a global untargeted metabolomic approach, we identified several significant metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2 and temperature. This study is the largest metabolomics study of long-term air pollution, to date, the first study to report a metabolomic signature of long-term temperature exposure, and the first to use ICA in the analysis of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiby L. Nassan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center, Room 414C, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Rachel S. Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Anna Kosheleva
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center, Room 414C, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center, Room 414C, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Pantel S. Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Jessica A. Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Joel D. Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center, Room 414C, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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17
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Ben Taleb A, Karakuş S, Tan E, Ilgar M, Kutlu Ö, Gözüaçık D, Kutlu HM, Kilislioğlu A. Antitumor Efficacy of Ceranib-2 with Nano-Formulation of PEG and Rosin Esters. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2207:199-220. [PMID: 33113138 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0920-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ceranib-2 is a recently discovered, poorly water-soluble potent ceramidase inhibitor, with the ability to suppress cancer cell proliferation and delay tumor growth. However, its poor water solubility and weak cellular bioavailability hinder its use as a therapeutic agent for cancer. PEGylated rosin esters are an excellent platform as a natural polymer for drug delivery applications, especially for controlling drug release due to their degradability, biocompatibility, capability to improve solubility, and pharmacokinetics of potent drugs. In this study, stable aqueous amphiphilic submicron-sized PEG400-rosin ester-ceranib-2 (PREC-2) particles, ranging between 100 and 350 nm in a 1:1 mixture, were successfully synthesized by solvent evaporation mediated by sonication.Conclusion: Stable aqueous PEGylated rosin ester nanocarriers might present a significant solution to improve solubility, pharmacokinetic, and bioavailability of ceranib-2, and hold promises for use as an anticancer adjacent drug after further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ben Taleb
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Selcan Karakuş
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Tan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Ilgar
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Kutlu
- Nanotechnology Research andApplication Center (SUNUM),Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gözüaçık
- Koç University Hospital, School of Medicine and Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Zeytinburnu 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Mehtap Kutlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ayben Kilislioğlu
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Costa-Pinheiro P, Heher A, Raymond MH, Jividen K, Shaw JJ, Paschal BM, Walker SJ, Fox TE, Kester M. Role of SPTSSB-Regulated de Novo Sphingolipid Synthesis in Prostate Cancer Depends on Androgen Receptor Signaling. iScience 2020; 23:101855. [PMID: 33313495 PMCID: PMC7721643 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-androgens are a common therapy in prostate cancer (PCa) targeting androgen receptor (AR) signaling. However, these therapies fail due to selection of highly aggressive AR-negative cancer cells that have no therapeutic options available. We demonstrate that elevating endogenous ceramide levels with administration of exogenous ceramide nanoliposomes (CNLs) was efficacious in AR-negative cell lines with limited efficacy in AR-positive cells. This effect is mediated through reduced de novo sphingolipid synthesis in AR-positive cells. We show that anti-androgens elevate de novo generation of sphingolipids via SPTSSB, a rate-limiting mediator of sphingolipid generation. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of AR increases the efficacy of CNL in AR-positive cells through de novo synthesis, while SPTSSB knockdown limited CNL's efficacy in AR-negative cells. Alluding to clinical relevance, SPTSSB is upregulated in patients with advanced PCa after anti-androgens treatment. These findings emphasize the relevance of AR regulation upon sphingolipid metabolism and the potential of CNL as a PCa therapeutic. AR-negative PCa cells are more susceptible to CNL than AR-positive cells Combination of anti-androgens and CNL results in enhanced efficacy for AR-positive PCa AR negatively regulates the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids through SPTSSB SPTSSB is crucial for CNL effect in AR-negative PCa and is upregulated in neuroendocrine tumors
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail Heher
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Michael H Raymond
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Kasey Jividen
- Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Jeremy Jp Shaw
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Bryce M Paschal
- Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Susan J Walker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.,nanoSTAR Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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19
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Nakamura N, Pence LM, Cao Z, Beger RD. Distinct lipid signatures are identified in the plasma of rats with chronic inflammation induced by estradiol benzoate and sex hormones. Metabolomics 2020; 16:95. [PMID: 32895772 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostatitis is likely to occur in younger or middle-aged men, while prostate cancer is likely to occur in older men. Although amino acids and lipids as biomarkers of prostate cancer have been examined using prostate cancer cell lines/tissues, no previous studies have evaluated amino acids or lipids as potential chronic prostatitis biomarkers. OBJECTIVES The study's aim was to identify amino acids and lipids that could serve as potential biomarkers of chronic prostatitis. METHODS We profiled the amino acids and lipids found in plasma from rats collected in a previous study. In brief, a total of 148 Sprague-Dawley rats (offspring) were dosed with estradiol benzoate (EB) on postnatal days (PNDs) 1, 3 and 5, and subsequently dosed with testosterone (T)/estradiol (E) tubes via subcutaneous implants from PND 90 to 200. Plasma was collected on PNDs 30, 90, 100, 145 and 200. Analysis was conducted with a Xevo TQ-S triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer using a Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit. RESULTS Plasma acylcarnitines [(C2, C16:1, C18, C18:1, C18:1-OH, and C18:2)], glycerophospholipids (lysophosphatidylcholine-acyl, -di-acyl, and -di-acyl acyl-alkyl) and sphingomyelins [SM (OH) C16:1, SM C18:0, SM C18:1, and SM C20:2] significantly increased on PND 145, when chronic inflammation was observed in the dorsolateral prostate of rats dosed with EB, T, and E. No statistical significances of amino acid levels were observed in the EB + T + E group on PND 145. CONCLUSION Exposure to EB, T, and E altered lipid levels in rat plasma with chronic prostate inflammation. These findings suggest that the identified lipids may be predictive chronic prostatitis biomarkers. The results require confirmation through additional nonclinical and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nakamura
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Lisa M Pence
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Zhijun Cao
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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20
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White-Gilbertson S, Voelkel-Johnson C. Giants and monsters: Unexpected characters in the story of cancer recurrence. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 148:201-232. [PMID: 32723564 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) constitute a dangerous subpopulation of cancer cells and are a driving force in cancer recurrence. These unique cells arise from diploid tumor cells in response to stress encountered in the tumor microenvironment or during cancer therapy. PGCC are greatly dedifferentiated, acquire pluripotency, and are able to replicate through a form of asymmetric division called neosis, which results in new populations that are themselves able to differentiate into new cell types or to re-establish tumors. Progeny tend to be more genetically unstable than the founding population due to the dysregulation required to transition through a PGCC state. Therefore, cancers that escape stressors through this mechanism tend to re-emerge with a more aggressive phenotype that is therapy resistant. This review focuses on the clinical significance of PGCC, the need for standardized nomenclature and molecular markers, as well as possible avenues to develop therapies aimed at PGCC and the process of neosis. The biology underlying the development of PGCC including cell cycle checkpoint dysregulation, stress responses, dedifferentiation, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White-Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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21
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White‐Gilbertson S, Lu P, Jones CM, Chiodini S, Hurley D, Das A, Delaney JR, Norris JS, Voelkel‐Johnson C. Tamoxifen is a candidate first-in-class inhibitor of acid ceramidase that reduces amitotic division in polyploid giant cancer cells-Unrecognized players in tumorigenesis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3142-3152. [PMID: 32135040 PMCID: PMC7196070 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) represent a poorly understood, small subpopulation of tumor cells that are increasingly being recognized for their critical role in therapy resistance, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. PGCC have the potential to generate progeny through primitive or cleavage-like division, which allows them to evade antimitotic insults. We recently demonstrated that the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase (ASAH1) is required for this process. Since specific ASAH1 inhibitors are not clinically available, we investigated whether tamoxifen, which interferes with ASAH1 function via off-target effects, has a potential clinical benefit independent of estrogen signaling. Our results show that tamoxifen inhibits generation of PGCC offspring in prostate cancer, glioblastoma, and melanoma cells. Analysis of two state-level cancer registries revealed that tamoxifen improves survival outcomes for second, nonbreast cancers that develop in women with early stage breast cancer. Our results suggest that tamoxifen may have a clinical benefit in a variety of cancers that is independent of estrogen signaling and could be due to its inhibition of acid ceramidase. Thus the distinct application of tamoxifen as potentially a first-in-class therapeutic that inhibits the generation of PGCC offspring should be considered in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White‐Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Christian M. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | | | - Deborah Hurley
- South Carolina Central Cancer RegistrySCDHECColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Arabinda Das
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Joe R. Delaney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - James S. Norris
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Christina Voelkel‐Johnson
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
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22
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Rothemund M, Bär A, Klatt F, Weidler S, Köhler L, Unverzagt C, Kuhn CD, Schobert R. N-Metallocenoylsphingosines as targeted ceramidase inhibitors: Syntheses and antitumoral effects. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103703. [PMID: 32143017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Three N-metallocenoylsphingosines with variance in the central metal (Fe, Co, Ru), the charge (neutral or cationic), and the arene ligands (Cp2, Cp*Ph) were synthesized from serine and metallocene carboxylic acids as substrate-analogous inhibitors of human acid ceramidase (AC). Their inhibitory potential was examined using the recombinant full length ASAH1 enzyme, expressed and secreted from High Five insect cells, and the fluorescent substrate Rbm14-12. All complexes inhibited AC, most strongly so ruthenium(II) complex 13a. Some antitumoral effects of the complexes, such as the interference with the microtubular and F-actin cytoskeleton of cancer cells, were correlated to their AC-inhibition, whereas others, e.g. their cytotoxicity and their induction of caspase-3/-7 activity in cancer cells, were not. All complexes accumulated preferentially in the lysosomes of cancer cells like their target AC, arrested the cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle, and displayed cytotoxicity with mostly single-digit micromolar IC50 values while inducing cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rothemund
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexander Bär
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Felix Klatt
- Gene Regulation by Non-Coding RNA, Elite Network of Bavaria and University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sascha Weidler
- Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonhard Köhler
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Claus-D Kuhn
- Gene Regulation by Non-Coding RNA, Elite Network of Bavaria and University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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23
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Druggable Sphingolipid Pathways: Experimental Models and Clinical Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:101-135. [PMID: 32894509 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of sphingolipids has revealed diverse roles in cell biological responses and human health and disease. This immense molecular family is primarily represented by the bioactive molecules ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The flux of sphingolipid metabolism at both the subcellular and extracellular levels provides multiple opportunities for pharmacological intervention. The caveat is that perturbation of any single node of this highly regulated flux may have effects that propagate throughout the metabolic network in a dramatic and sometimes unexpected manner. Beginning with S1P, the receptors for which have thus far been the most clinically tractable pharmacological targets, this review will describe recent advances in therapeutic modulators targeting sphingolipids, their chaperones, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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24
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White-Gilbertson S, Lu P, Norris JS, Voelkel-Johnson C. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of acid ceramidase prevents asymmetric cell division by neosis. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1225-1235. [PMID: 30988134 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation treatment failure or relapse after initial response to chemotherapy presents significant clinical challenges in cancer patients. Escape from initial courses of treatment can involve reactivation of embryonic developmental stages, with the formation of polynuclear giant cancer cells (PGCCs). This strategy of dedifferentiation can insulate cancer cells from a variety of treatments and allows a residual subpopulation to reestablish tumors after treatment. Using radiation or docetaxel chemotherapy, we generated PGCCs from prostate cancer cells. Here, we show that expression of acid ceramidase (ASAH1), an enzyme in the sphingolipid pathway linked to therapy resistance and poor outcomes, is elevated in PGCCs. Targeting ASAH1 with shRNA or treatment with the ASAH1 inhibitor, LCL-521, did not impair the formation of PGCCs, but prevented the formation of PGCC progeny that arise through an asymmetric cell division called neosis. Similar results were obtained in lung cancer cells that had been exposed to radiation or cisplatin chemotherapy as stressors. In summary, our data suggest that endoreplication occurs independent of ASAH1 while neosis is ASAH1-dependent in both prostate and lung cancer cells. Because ASAH1 knockout is embryonic lethal but not deleterious to adult animals, targeting this enzyme has the potential to be highly specific to cells undergoing the dedifferentiation process to escape cancer treatments. Pharmacological inhibition of ASAH1 is a potentially powerful strategy to eliminate cells that could otherwise serve as seed populations for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White-Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - James S Norris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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