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White BE, Hovenden MJ, Barmuta LA. Multifunctional redundancy: Impossible or undetected? Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10409. [PMID: 37593757 PMCID: PMC10427898 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity-functioning relationship is a pillar of ecology. Two significant concepts have emerged from this relationship: redundancy, the asymptotic relationship between diversity and functioning, and multifunctionality, a monotonic relationship between diversity and multiple functions occurring simultaneously. However, multifunctional redundancy, an asymptotic relationship between diversity and multiple functions occurring simultaneously, is rarely detected in research. Here we assess whether this lack of detection is due to its true rarity, or due to systematic research error. We discuss how inconsistencies in the use of terms such as 'function' lead to mismatched research. We consider the different techniques used to calculate multifunctionality and point out a rarely considered issue: how determining a function's maximum rate affects multifunctionality metrics. Lastly, we critique how a lack of consideration of multitrophic, spatiotemporal, interactions and community assembly processes in designed experiments significantly reduces the likelihood of detecting multifunctional redundancy. Multifunctionality research up to this stage has made significant contributions to our understanding of the diversity-functioning relationship, and we believe that multifunctional redundancy is detectable with the use of appropriate methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E. White
- School of Natural SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Mark J. Hovenden
- School of Natural SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Leon A. Barmuta
- School of Natural SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
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Preferred Attributes for Sustainable Wetland Management in Mpologoma Catchment, Uganda: A Discrete Choice Experiment. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable wetland management is a focus of many countries worldwide. These mainly use protection as a key policy directive for conservation. However, avoidance directives tend to disenfranchise local populations. Thus, such management is often resisted and rarely effective. Tailoring management strategies to user preferences allows conservation to support community livelihoods for sustainable development. This study employed a discrete choice experiment to determine the wetland management attributes preferred by residents of Mpologoma catchment as a prelude to developing a co-management system. Listed in descending order, attribute preferences were paddy farmers’ schemes, fish farming, education and research, protected wetland area, and recreation and tourism. Respondents’ characteristics influenced their choices. Older adults were more likely to support fish farming. In contrast, existing paddy farmers tended to resist such focuses and an increase in protected wetland area. Additionally, respondents with higher education were opposed to paddy farmers’ schemes, and the preference for education and research was positively influenced by respondents’ income. Respondents were willing to pay between $0.64 and $1.76 per household for each unit improvement in the preferred attribute. Our results underscore the role of DCEs in unlocking individuals’ attribute preferences, whose integration into co-management systems can be important for sustainable wetland conservation.
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Alharbi A. Willingness to pay for a National Health Insurance (NHI) in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:951. [PMID: 35549695 PMCID: PMC9103041 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare services in Saudi Arabia are provided free of charge to its citizens at the point of use. Recently, however, the government has realized that this model is unsustainable in the long run. Therefore, Saudi decision-makers are seeking to have a sustainable health system through the introduction of a contributory National Health Insurance that require making regular financial contributions from its members. Objective This study aims to explore the people’s willingness to pay for a National Health Insurance system in Saudi Arabia. The study also aims to understand the factors affecting their willingness or unwillingness to pay NHI, such as, their demographic and socio-economic characteristics, the type of their usual health care provider, and their satisfaction with the current healthcare services. Methods A cross-sectional study design with Contingent Valuation (CV) technique was used to measure the value of National Health Insurance based on an individual’s willingness to pay. The data were collected from 475 participants using an online survey via Google Forms between March 2021 and April 2021. Frequencies, logistic regression, and linear regression, were conducted to answer the research questions. Results The number of individuals who was willing to pay for NHI was higher than those who were not willing to pay (62.9, 95% CI = 58.4-67.3%) vs (37.1, 95% CI = 32.7-41.6%). A binomial test found this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was a significant association between the likelihood of paying for NHI and type of usual healthcare provider (OR = 3.129, 95% CI = 1.943-5.039, p < 0.001); as individuals using public health services were more likely to pay for NHI. Also, with satisfaction with health services (OR = 14.305, 95% CI = 3.240-63.153, p < 0.001), as individuals who were very satisfied with the healthcare services were more likely to pay for NHI. The median amount of money the people were willing to pay as a monthly contribution for NHI was 100 SAR (26.5 USD) with the average being 152 SAR (40 USD). There was a significant association between the maximum amount the participants were willing to pay and age, region, and education. Specifically, 30–39-year-olds were willing to pay more for NHI compared to participants aged 50 or older (ß = 103.55, 95% CI = 26.27- 199.29); participants from central region more than participants from northern region (ß = 70.71,95% CI = 2.14- 138.58); and participants with masters degree more than participants with PhDs (ß = 227.46, 95% CI = 81.59- 399.28). Conclusion This study provided some evidence that more people were willing to pay for NHI than those who declined. Individuals who frequently used public health services and were very satisfied with these services were more willing to pay for NHI. Younger population, those with master’s degree, and from the central region were willing to pay more amount of money for NHI. These results could help policy makers shape their decisions and anticipate problems that may arise with NHI implementation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13353-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Alharbi
- Health Administration Department, Business Administration College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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de Faccio Carvalho PC, de Albuquerque Nunes PA, Pontes-Prates A, Szymczak LS, de Souza Filho W, Moojen FG, Lemaire G. Reconnecting Grazing Livestock to Crop Landscapes: Reversing Specialization Trends to Restore Landscape Multifunctionality. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.750765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Closely integrated crop and livestock production systems used to be the rule in agriculture before the industrial revolution. However, agricultural landscapes have undergone a massive intensification process in recent decades. This trajectory has led to uniform landscapes of specialized cropping systems or consolidated zones of intensive livestock production. Loss of diversity is at the core of increasing side effects on the environment from agriculture. The unintended consequences of specialization demand the reconciliation of food production with environmental quality. We argue that the reconnection of grazing livestock to specialized crop landscapes can restore decoupled biogeochemical cycles and reintroduce the necessary complexity to restore ecosystem functioning. Besides, the reconnection of crops and livestock promotes several ecosystem services underlying multifunctionality. We focus on the capacity of integrated crop-livestock systems to create biophysical and socioeconomic resilience that cope with weather and market oscillations. We present examples of redesigned landscapes that leverage grazing animals to optimize food production per unit of land while mitigating the externalities of specialized agriculture. We also debate mindset barriers to the shift of current specialization trends toward the design of multifunctional landscapes.
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Lenormand M, Arias JM, San Miguel M, Ramasco JJ. On the importance of trip destination for modelling individual human mobility patterns. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200673. [PMID: 33050783 PMCID: PMC7653376 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining insights into human mobility patterns and being able to reproduce them accurately is of the utmost importance in a wide range of applications from public health, to transport and urban planning. Still the relationship between the effort individuals will invest in a trip and the importance of its purpose is not taken into account in individual mobility models that can be found in the recent literature. Here, we address this issue by introducing a model hypothesizing a relation between the importance of a trip and the distance travelled. In most practical cases, quantifying such importance is undoable. We overcome this difficulty by focusing on shopping trips (for which we have empirical data) and by taking the price of items as a proxy. Our model is able to reproduce the long-tailed distribution in travel distances empirically observed and to explain the scaling relationship between distance travelled and item value found in the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lenormand
- TETIS, Univ Montpellier, AgroParisTech, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Maxi San Miguel
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José J. Ramasco
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Hanisch M, Schweiger O, Cord AF, Volk M, Knapp S. Plant functional traits shape multiple ecosystem services, their trade‐offs and synergies in grasslands. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Hanisch
- Department of Community Ecology UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Halle Germany
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Department of Community Ecology UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Halle Germany
| | - Anna F. Cord
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany
- Chair of Computational Landscape Ecology Institute of Geography Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Volk
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany
| | - Sonja Knapp
- Department of Community Ecology UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Halle Germany
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Tiusanen M, Huotari T, Hebert PDN, Andersson T, Asmus A, Bêty J, Davis E, Gale J, Hardwick B, Hik D, Körner C, Lanctot RB, Loonen MJJE, Partanen R, Reischke K, Saalfeld ST, Senez‐Gagnon F, Smith PA, Šulavík J, Syvänperä I, Urbanowicz C, Williams S, Woodard P, Zaika Y, Roslin T. Flower-visitor communities of an arcto-alpine plant-Global patterns in species richness, phylogenetic diversity and ecological functioning. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:318-335. [PMID: 30418699 PMCID: PMC6378624 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollination is an ecosystem function of global importance. Yet, who visits the flower of specific plants, how the composition of these visitors varies in space and time and how such variation translates into pollination services are hard to establish. The use of DNA barcodes allows us to address ecological patterns involving thousands of taxa that are difficult to identify. To clarify the regional variation in the visitor community of a widespread flower resource, we compared the composition of the arthropod community visiting species in the genus Dryas (mountain avens, family Rosaceae), throughout Arctic and high-alpine areas. At each of 15 sites, we sampled Dryas visitors with 100 sticky flower mimics and identified specimens to Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) using a partial sequence of the mitochondrial COI gene. As a measure of ecosystem functioning, we quantified variation in the seed set of Dryas. To test for an association between phylogenetic and functional diversity, we characterized the structure of local visitor communities with both taxonomic and phylogenetic descriptors. In total, we detected 1,360 different BINs, dominated by Diptera and Hymenoptera. The richness of visitors at each site appeared to be driven by local temperature and precipitation. Phylogeographic structure seemed reflective of geological history and mirrored trans-Arctic patterns detected in plants. Seed set success varied widely among sites, with little variation attributable to pollinator species richness. This pattern suggests idiosyncratic associations, with function dominated by few and potentially different taxa at each site. Taken together, our findings illustrate the role of post-glacial history in the assembly of flower-visitor communities in the Arctic and offer insights for understanding how diversity translates into ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Tiusanen
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tea Huotari
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity GenomicsBiodiversity Institute of OntarioUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Tommi Andersson
- Kevo Subarctic Research StationBiodiversity UnitUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Ashley Asmus
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesota
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Joël Bêty
- Département de Biologie and Centre d’études NordiquesUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQuebecCanada
| | - Emma Davis
- Department of GeographyUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Jennifer Gale
- East Bay Southampton Island Shorebird CrewNational Wildlife Research CenterEnvironment CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Bess Hardwick
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - David Hik
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Christian Körner
- Department of Environmental SciencesInstitute of BotanyUniversity of BaselBaselGermany
| | | | | | - Rauni Partanen
- Kilpisjärvi Biological StationUniversity of HelsinkiKilpisjärviFinland
| | | | | | - Fanny Senez‐Gagnon
- Département des Sciences du Bois et de la ForêtUniversité LavalQuebec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Paul A. Smith
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Ján Šulavík
- Department of Environmental SciencesFaculty of Engineering and ScienceWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndalNorway
- Natural History MuseumUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ilkka Syvänperä
- Kevo Subarctic Research StationBiodiversity UnitUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - Sian Williams
- Kluane Lake Research StationYukonSilver City, YukonCanada
| | - Paul Woodard
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada/Government of CanadaYellowknifeNorthwest TerritoriesCanada
| | - Yulia Zaika
- Department of GeographyKhibiny Academic Research StationLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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Slade EM, Kirwan L, Bell T, Philipson CD, Lewis OT, Roslin T. The importance of species identity and interactions for multifunctionality depends on how ecosystem functions are valued. Ecology 2018; 98:2626-2639. [PMID: 28722121 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating how biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning increasingly focus on multiple functions measured simultaneously ("multifunctionality"). However, few such studies assess the role of species interactions, particularly under alternative environmental scenarios, despite interactions being key to ecosystem functioning. Here we address five questions of central importance to ecosystem multifunctionality using a terrestrial animal system. (1) Does the contribution of individual species differ for different ecosystem functions? (2) Do inter-species interactions affect the delivery of single functions and multiple functions? (3) Does the community composition that maximizes individual functions also maximize multifunctionality? (4) Is the functional role of individual species, and the effect of interspecific interactions, modified by changing environmental conditions? (5) How do these roles and interactions change under varying scenarios where ecosystem services are weighted to reflect different societal preferences? We manipulated species' relative abundance in dung beetle communities and measured 16 functions contributing to dung decomposition, plant productivity, nutrient recycling, reduction of greenhouse gases, and microbial activity. Using the multivariate diversity-interactions framework, we assessed how changes in species identity, composition, and interspecific interactions affected these functions in combination with an environmental driver (increased precipitation). This allowed us to identify key species and interactions across multiple functions. We then developed a desirability function approach to examine how individual species and species mixtures contribute to a desired state of overall ecosystem functioning. Species contributed unequally to individual functions, and to multifunctionality, and individual functions were maximized by different community compositions. Moreover, the species and interactions important for maintaining overall multifunctionality depended on the weight given to individual functions. Optimal multifunctionality was context-dependent, and sensitive to the valuation of services. This combination of methodological approaches allowed us to resolve the interactions and indirect effects among species that drive ecosystem functioning, revealing how multiple aspects of biodiversity can simultaneously drive ecosystem functioning. Our results highlight the importance of a multifunctionality perspective for a complete assessment of species' functional contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Slade
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom.,Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 5, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Kirwan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thomas Bell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Philipson
- Ecosystem Management, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitatstrasse 16, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.,Centre for Environmental Change and Human Resilience, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Owen T Lewis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 5, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
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Ecosystem multifunctionality is highly related to the shelterbelt structure and plant species diversity in mixed shelterbelts of eastern China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Palomo I, Felipe-Lucia MR, Bennett EM, Martín-López B, Pascual U. Disentangling the Pathways and Effects of Ecosystem Service Co-Production. ADV ECOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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12
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Thomas M, Verzelen N, Barbillon P, Coomes OT, Caillon S, McKey D, Elias M, Garine E, Raimond C, Dounias E, Jarvis D, Wencélius J, Leclerc C, Labeyrie V, Cuong PH, Hue NTN, Sthapit B, Rana RB, Barnaud A, Violon C, Reyes LMA, Moreno LL, De Santis P, Massol F. A Network-Based Method to Detect Patterns of Local Crop Biodiversity. ADV ECOL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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