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Colaruotolo LA, Singh SS, Dobson S, Lim LT, Joye IJ, Rogers MA, Corradini MG. Mapping deterioration in electrospun zein nonwoven nanostructures encapsulating corn oil. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 9:100801. [PMID: 39050407 PMCID: PMC11267021 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nonwovens of biopolymers are gaining popularity in filtration, coatings, encapsulation, and packaging materials. However, their applications are hindered by limited stability, particularly when loaded with lipids. This research aimed to apply a multiscale approach to gain insights into deteriorative processes, e.g., oxidation, limiting the shelf life of these complex materials, using corn oil-loaded electrospun zein nonwovens as a model system. Oil-doped zein electrospun nonwovens were stored in the dark at 23 °C and 33% relative humidity for 28 days and tested at selected intervals to monitor their morphology and mechanical properties. Lipid oxidation was assessed using the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay. The photophysical properties of intrinsic, i.e., tyrosine (Tyr), and extrinsic, i.e., boron-dipyrromethene undecanoic acid 581/591 (BODIPY C11), lumiphores were also monitored to evaluate changes in local molecular rigidity, and oxidation, respectively. The protein secondary structure was determined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the oil-loaded electrospun nonwovens revealed that the diameter of the ribbon-like fiber significantly decreased during storage from 701 ± 23 nm to 620 ± 44 nm. Breakage of the electrospun fibers was observed and correlated with increased brittleness and molecular rigidity of the nonwoven material, reflected by an increase in Tyr emission intensity and phosphorescence lifetime. Changes in tensile strength, brittleness and matrix rigidity also correlated with a zein secondary structure transition from unordered to ordered β-sheets. Raman and luminescence micrographs showed oil migration during storage, thereby increasing lipid oxidation. The correlation between local rigidity and lipid distribution/oxidation suggests that reorganizing protein structures increased material brittleness and displaced encapsulated oils within the electrospun fiber. Understanding deteriorative mechanisms aids in developing innovative strategies to improve the stability of these novel food-grade materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stacie Dobson
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Iris J. Joye
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A. Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Maria G. Corradini
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Arrell Food Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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2
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Li S, Zhang YX. Sensitive delivery systems and novel encapsulation technologies for live biotherapeutic products and probiotics. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:371-384. [PMID: 37074732 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2202237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Live biotherapeutic product (LBP), a type of biological product, holds promise for the prevention or treatment of metabolic disease and pathogenic infection. Probiotics are live microorganisms that improve the intestinal microbial balance and beneficially affect the health of the host when ingested in sufficient numbers. These biological products possess the advantages of inhibition of pathogens, degradation of toxins, and modulation of immunity. The application of LBP and probiotic delivery systems has attracted great interest to researchers. The initial used technologies for LBP and probiotic encapsulation are traditional capsules and microcapsules. However, the stability and targeted delivery capability require further improved. The specific sensitive materials can greatly improve the delivery efficiency of LBPs and probiotics. The specific sensitive delivery systems show advantages over traditional ones due to their better properties of biocompatibility, biodegradability, innocuousness, and stability. Moreover, some new technologies, including layer-by-layer encapsulation, polyelectrolyte complexation, and electrohydrodynamic technology, show great potential in LBP and probiotic delivery. In this review, novel delivery systems and new technologies of LBPs and probiotics were presented, and the challenges and prospects were explored in specific sensitive materials for LBP and probiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Aghababaei F, McClements DJ, Martinez MM, Hadidi M. Electrospun plant protein-based nanofibers in food packaging. Food Chem 2024; 432:137236. [PMID: 37657333 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a relatively simple technology capable to produce nano- and micron-scale fibers with different properties depending on the electrospinning conditions. This review critically investigates the fabrication of electrospun plant protein nanofibers (EPPNFs) that can be used in food and food packaging applications. Recent progress in the development and optimization of electrospinning techniques for production of EPPNFs is discussed. Finally, current challenges to the implementation of EPPNFs in food and food packaging applications are highlighted, including potential safety and scalability issues. The production of plant protein nanofibers and microfibers is likely to increase in the future as many industries wish to replace synthetic materials with more sustainable, renewable, and environmentally friendly biopolymers. It is therefore likely that EPPNFs will find increasing applications in various fields including active food packaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aghababaei
- Centre d'Innovació, Recerca i Transferència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CIRTTA), TECNIO-UAB, XIA, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB-Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Mario M Martinez
- Centre for Innovative Food (CiFOOD), Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Milad Hadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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4
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Li SF, Hu TG, Wu H. Fabrication of colon-targeted ethyl cellulose/gelatin hybrid nanofibers: Regulation of quercetin release and its anticancer activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127175. [PMID: 37783248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
A colon-targeted delivery system that can efficiently deliver and release quercetin is essential to improve its bioavailability. We previously found that hydrophobic ethyl cellulose (EC) nanofibers could efficiently deliver quercetin to colon, but the release of quercetin was limited. To address this problem, hydrophilic gelatin (GN) was used as a regulator, and quercetin-loaded nanofibers with different mass ratios of EC to GN (3:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) were fabricated by electrospinning. All nanofibers had a cylindrical morphology and high encapsulation efficiency (over 94 %), and there existed molecular interactions among quercetin, EC, and GN. The high GN content reduced the thermal stability of nanofibers but increased their surface wettability. Besides, these nanofibers had good stability in acidic and aqueous foods. Importantly, the release of quercetin in the simulated gastrointestinal fluid was <3 %. The addition of GN was beneficial to the release of quercetin in colon, and nanofibers with EC to GN being 1:3 had a more preferable release performance. The anticancer activity of nanofibers against HCT-116 cells was proved by inhibiting cell viability through the induction of apoptosis. Therefore, these nanofibers are potential carriers for efficient colon-targeted delivery of bioactive compounds in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Gen Hu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Tyubaeva PM, Gasparyan KG, Romanov RR, Kolesnikov EA, Martirosyan LY, Larkina EA, Tyubaev MA. Biomimetic Materials Based on Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and Chlorophyll Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:101. [PMID: 38201766 PMCID: PMC10780539 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning of biomimetic materials is of particular interest due to the possibility of producing flexible layers with highly developed surfaces from a wide range of polymers. Additionally, electrospinning is characterized by a high simplicity of implementation and the ability to modify the produced fibrous materials, which resemble structures found in living organisms. This study explores new electrospun materials based on polyhydroxyalkanoates, specifically poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, modified with chlorophyll derivatives. The research investigates the impact of chlorophyll derivatives on the morphology, supramolecular structure, and key properties of nonwoven materials. The obtained results are of interest for the development of new flexible materials with low concentrations of chlorophyll derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina M. Tyubaeva
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Synthetic and Natural Polymer Compositions, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia (L.Y.M.)
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., 117997 Moscow, Russia; (R.R.R.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Kristina G. Gasparyan
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Synthetic and Natural Polymer Compositions, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia (L.Y.M.)
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., 117997 Moscow, Russia; (R.R.R.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Roman R. Romanov
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., 117997 Moscow, Russia; (R.R.R.); (M.A.T.)
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biologically Active Compounds, Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Kolesnikov
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Levon Y. Martirosyan
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Synthetic and Natural Polymer Compositions, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia (L.Y.M.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Larkina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biologically Active Compounds, Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Tyubaev
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., 117997 Moscow, Russia; (R.R.R.); (M.A.T.)
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6
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Jansen-Alves C, Martins Fonseca L, Doring Krumreich F, Zavareze EDR. Applications of propolis encapsulation in food products. J Microencapsul 2023; 40:567-586. [PMID: 37867427 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2023.2274059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Propolis has beneficial health properties attributed to of phenolic compounds. However, its application is limited. Thus, encapsulation protects the bioactive compounds of propolis from degradation, allowing their release under controlled and specific conditions and increasing their solubility. In addition to protecting flavonoids, encapsulation also minimises the undesirable characteristics of propolis, such as strong odour. We brought attention to the high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of encapsulated propolis, and its maintained biological activity enables more uses in different areas. Encapsulated propolis can be applied in food products as an ingredient. This review describes recent advances in improving the bioactivity of propolis extracts by using encapsulation techniques, and biopolymer research strategies, focusing on applications in food products. Encapsulated propolis has a promising market perspective due to the industrial and scientific-technological advancement, the increase in the amount of research, the improvement of propolis extraction techniques, and the need of consumers for innovative products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Jansen-Alves
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Nanotechnology in Food (BioNano), Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Laura Martins Fonseca
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Nanotechnology in Food (BioNano), Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Elessandra Da Rosa Zavareze
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Nanotechnology in Food (BioNano), Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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7
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Fallahasghari EZ, Højgaard Lynge M, Espholin Gudnason E, Munkerup K, Mendes AC, Chronakis IS. Carbohydrate Core-Shell Electrosprayed Microcapsules for Enhanced Oxidative Stability of Vitamin A Palmitate. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2633. [PMID: 38004611 PMCID: PMC10675355 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient that is readily oxidized. In this study, the encapsulation of vitamin A palmitate (AP) within a core-shell carbohydrate matrix by co-axial electrospray and its oxidative stability was evaluated. The electrosprayed core-shell microcapsules consisted of a shell of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modified corn starch, maltose (Hi-Cap), and a core of ethyl cellulose-AP (average diameter of about 3.7 µm). The effect of different compounds (digestion-resistant maltodextrin, soy protein hydrolysate, casein protein hydrolysate, and lecithin) added to the base core-shell matrix formulation on the oxidative stability of AP was investigated. The oxidative stability of AP was evaluated using isothermal and non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Raman and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy methods. The core-shell carbohydrate matrix minimizes the amount of AP present at the microparticle surface, thus protecting AP from oxidation. Furthermore, the most effective oxidation protection was achieved when casein protein hydrolysate was added to the core of the microcapsule due to hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions with AP and by the resistant maltodextrin in the shell, which acted as a filler. The utilization of ethanol as a solvent for the dispersion of the core compounds increased the hydrophobicity of the hydrolyzed proteins and contributed to the enhancement of their antioxidant ability. Both the carbohydrate core-shell microcapsule prepared by co-axial electrospray and the addition of oxidation protection compounds enhance the oxidative stability of the encapsulated AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Z. Fallahasghari
- DTU-Food, Research Group for Food Production Engineering, Laboratory of Nano-BioScience, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (E.E.G.)
| | - Marie Højgaard Lynge
- DTU-Food, Research Group for Food Production Engineering, Laboratory of Nano-BioScience, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (E.E.G.)
| | - Emma Espholin Gudnason
- DTU-Food, Research Group for Food Production Engineering, Laboratory of Nano-BioScience, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (E.E.G.)
| | | | - Ana C. Mendes
- DTU-Food, Research Group for Food Production Engineering, Laboratory of Nano-BioScience, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (E.E.G.)
| | - Ioannis S. Chronakis
- DTU-Food, Research Group for Food Production Engineering, Laboratory of Nano-BioScience, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (E.E.G.)
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8
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Bao S, Zou Y, Firempong CK, Feng Y, Yu Y, Wang Y, Dai H, Mo W, Sun C, Liu H. Preparation and evaluation of sustained release pirfenidone-loaded microsphere dry powder inhalation for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106509. [PMID: 37356463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Pirfenidone (PFND) is a recommended oral drug used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but have low bioavailability and high hepatotoxicity. The study, therefore, seeks to improve the therapeutic activities of the drug via increased bioavailability and reduced associated side effects by developing a novel drug delivery system. The electrostatic spray technology was used to prepare a sustained release pirfenidone-loaded microsphere dry powder inhalation with PEG-modified chitosan (PFND-mPEG-CS-MS). The entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and in vitro cumulative drug release rate (at 24 h and with a sustained release effect) of PFND-mPEG-CS-MS were 77.35±3.01%, 11.45±0.64%, and 90.4%, respectively. The Carr's index of PFND-mPEG-CS-MS powder was 17.074±2.163% with a theoretical mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMADt) of 0.99±0.07 μm, and a moisture absorption weight gain rate (Rw) of 4.61±0.72%. The emptying rate, pulmonary deposition rate (fine particle fraction) and actual mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMADa) were 90%∼95%, 48.72±7.04% and 3.10±0.16 μm, respectively. MTT bioassay showed that mPEG-CS-MS (200 μg/mL) had good biocompatibility (RGR = 90.25%) and PFND-mPEG-CS-MS (200 μg/mL) had significant inhibitory activity (RGR = 49.82%) on fibroblast growth. The pharmacokinetic data revealed that the t1/2 (5.02 h) and MRT (10.66 h) of PFND-mPEG-CS-MS were prolonged compared with the free PFND (t1/2, 1.67 h; MRT, 2.71 h). The pharmacodynamic results also showed that the formulated-drug group had slight pathological changes, lower lung hydroxyproline content, and reduced hepatotoxicity compared with the free-drug group. The PFND-mPEG-CS-MS further significantly down-regulated TGF-β cytokines, Collagen I, and α-SMA protein expression levels compared with the free drug. The findings indicated that the PFND-mPEG-CS-MS had a good sustained release effect, enhanced bioavailability, decreased toxicity, and increased anti-fibrotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixue Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kunshan, 215300, PR China
| | | | - Yingshu Feng
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of Functional Chemistry, Institute of Medicine & Chemical Engineering, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, 212028, PR China; Postdoctoral Programme of JiangSu CTQJ Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huaian, 223001, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jiang Sunan Pharmaceutical Industrial CO., Ltd, Zhenjiang, 212400, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Huiying Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Weiwei Mo
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Changshan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Hongfei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; Jiang Sunan Pharmaceutical Industrial CO., Ltd, Zhenjiang, 212400, PR China; Jiangmen Hongxiao Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, Jiangmen, 529040, PR China.
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9
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Cheng X, Li T, Yan L, Jiao Y, Zhang Y, Wang K, Cheng Z, Ma J, Shao L. Biodegradable electrospinning superhydrophilic nanofiber membranes for ultrafast oil-water separation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8195. [PMID: 37611103 PMCID: PMC10446487 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Although membrane technology has attracted considerable attention for oily wastewater treatment, the plastic waste generated from discarded membranes presents an immediate challenge for achieving eco-friendly separation. We designed on-demand biodegradable superhydrophilic membranes composed of polylactic acid nanofibers in conjunction with polyethylene oxide hydrogels using electrospinning technology for ultrafast purification of oily water. Our results showed that the use of the polyethylene oxide hydrogels increased the number of hydrogen bonds formed between the membrane surface and water molecules by 357.6%. This converted hydrophobic membranes into superhydrophilic ones, which prevented membrane fouling and accelerated emulsion penetration through the membranes. The oil-in-water emulsion permeance of our newly designed nanofiber membranes increased by 61.9 times (2.1 × 104 liters per square meter per hour per bar) with separation efficiency >99.6%, which was superior to state-of-the-art membranes. Moreover, the formation of hydrogen bonds was found to accelerate polylactic acid biodegradation into lactic acid by over 30%, offering a promising approach for waste membrane treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiquan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, P.R. China
- Shandong Sino-European Membrane Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Weihai Key Laboratory of Water Treatment and Membrane Technology, Weihai 264209, P.R. China
| | - Tongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Yan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, P.R. China
- Shandong Sino-European Membrane Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Weihai Key Laboratory of Water Treatment and Membrane Technology, Weihai 264209, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Cheng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lu Shao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
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10
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Pires JB, Santos FND, Costa IHDL, Kringel DH, Zavareze EDR, Dias ARG. Essential oil encapsulation by electrospinning and electrospraying using food proteins: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112970. [PMID: 37316009 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are excellent polymeric materials for encapsulating essential oils (EOs) by electrospinning and electrospraying to protect these compounds and form nanomaterials with active properties. Proteins can encapsulate bioactive molecules by several mechanisms, including surface activity, absorption and stabilization mechanisms, amphiphilic nature, film-forming capacity, foaming, emulsification, and gelation, due to interactions among their functional groups. However, proteins have some limitations in encapsulating EOs by the electrohydrodynamic process. Their properties can be improved by using auxiliary polymers, increasing their charges by adding ionic salts or polyelectrolytes, denaturing their structure by heat, and exposure to specific pH conditions and ionic strength. This review addresses the main proteins used in electrospinning/electrospraying techniques, production methods, their interactions with EOs, bioactive properties, and applications in food matrices. Multivariate analysis associated with bibliometrics of metadata extracted from studies in Web of Science using the keywords electrospinning and essential oil (EO) were used as the search strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliani Buchveitz Pires
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Nanotechnology in Food (BioNano), Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Nardo Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Nanotechnology in Food (BioNano), Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Igor Henrique de Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Nanotechnology in Food (BioNano), Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | | | - Elessandra da Rosa Zavareze
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Nanotechnology in Food (BioNano), Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Nanotechnology in Food (BioNano), Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
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11
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Feng K, Huangfu L, Liu C, Bonfili L, Xiang Q, Wu H, Bai Y. Electrospinning and Electrospraying: Emerging Techniques for Probiotic Stabilization and Application. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102402. [PMID: 37242977 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial for human health. However, they are vulnerable to adverse effects during processing, storage, and passage through the gastrointestinal tract, thus reducing their viability. The exploration of strategies for probiotic stabilization is essential for application and function. Electrospinning and electrospraying, two electrohydrodynamic techniques with simple, mild, and versatile characteristics, have recently attracted increased interest for encapsulating and immobilizing probiotics to improve their survivability under harsh conditions and promoting high-viability delivery in the gastrointestinal tract. This review begins with a more detailed classification of electrospinning and electrospraying, especially dry electrospraying and wet electrospraying. The feasibility of electrospinning and electrospraying in the construction of probiotic carriers, as well as the efficacy of various formulations on the stabilization and colonic delivery of probiotics, are then discussed. Meanwhile, the current application of electrospun and electrosprayed probiotic formulations is introduced. Finally, the existing limitations and future opportunities for electrohydrodynamic techniques in probiotic stabilization are proposed and analyzed. This work comprehensively explains how electrospinning and electrospraying are used to stabilize probiotics, which may aid in their development in probiotic therapy and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Feng
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lulu Huangfu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuanduo Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Qisen Xiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanhong Bai
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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12
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Berraquero-García C, Pérez-Gálvez R, Espejo-Carpio FJ, Guadix A, Guadix EM, García-Moreno PJ. Encapsulation of Bioactive Peptides by Spray-Drying and Electrospraying. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102005. [PMID: 37238822 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysis are gaining attention for the production of supplements, pharmaceutical compounds, and functional foods. However, their inclusion in oral delivery systems is constrained by their high susceptibility to degradation during human gastrointestinal digestion. Encapsulating techniques can be used to stabilize functional ingredients, helping to maintain their activity after processing, storage, and digestion, thus improving their bioaccessibility. Monoaxial spray-drying and electrospraying are common and economical techniques used for the encapsulation of nutrients and bioactive compounds in both the pharmaceutical and food industries. Although less studied, the coaxial configuration of both techniques could potentially improve the stabilization of protein-based bioactives via the formation of shell-core structures. This article reviews the application of these techniques, both monoaxial and coaxial configurations, for the encapsulation of bioactive peptides and protein hydrolysates, focusing on the factors affecting the properties of the encapsulates, such as the formulation of the feed solution, selection of carrier and solvent, as well as the processing conditions used. Furthermore, this review covers the release, retention of bioactivity, and stability of peptide-loaded encapsulates after processing and digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raúl Pérez-Gálvez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Guadix
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Emilia M Guadix
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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13
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Tyubaeva PM, Varyan IA, Krivandin AV, Shatalova OV, Olkhov AA, Popov AA, Xu H, Arzhakova OV. Structure and Performance of All-Green Electrospun PHB-Based Membrane Fibrous Biomaterials Modified with Hemin. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050478. [PMID: 37233539 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses the challenges concerning the development of "all-green" high-performance biodegradable membrane materials based on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and a natural biocompatible functional additive, iron-containing porphyrin, Hemin (Hmi) via modification and surface functionalization. A new facile and versatile approach based on electrospinning (ES) is advanced when modification of the PHB membranes is performed by the addition of low concentrations of Hmi (from 1 to 5 wt.%). Structure and performance of the resultant {HB/Hmi membranes were studied by diverse physicochemical methods, including differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, etc. Modification of the PHB fibrous membranes with Hmi allows control over their quality, supramolecular structure, morphology, and surface wettability. As a result of this modification, air and liquid permeability of the modified electrospun materials markedly increases. The proposed approach provides preparation of high-performance all-green membranes with tailored structure and performance for diverse practical applications, including wound healing, comfort textiles, facial protective masks, tissue engineering, water and air purification, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina M Tyubaeva
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny per., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 ul. Kosygina, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Ivetta A Varyan
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny per., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 ul. Kosygina, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexey V Krivandin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 ul. Kosygina, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Olga V Shatalova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 ul. Kosygina, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Anatoly A Olkhov
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny per., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 ul. Kosygina, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Anatoly A Popov
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny per., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 ul. Kosygina, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Huaizhong Xu
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Olga V Arzhakova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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14
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Tahir M, Vicini S, Sionkowska A. Electrospun Materials Based on Polymer and Biopolymer Blends—A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071654. [PMID: 37050268 PMCID: PMC10096894 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers recent developments and progress in polymer and biopolymer blending and material preparation by electrospinning. Electrospinning is a technique that is used to produce nanofibers to improve the quality of membranes. Electrospun nanofibers are highly applicable in biomedical sciences, supercapacitors, and in water treatment following metal ion adsorption. The key affecting factors of electrospinning have been checked in the literature to obtain optimal conditions of the electrospinning process. Future research directions and outlooks have been suggested to think about innovative ideas for research in this field.
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15
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Jin J, Yeom SH, Lee HJ, Choi CK, Lee SH. The effect of nozzle spacing on the electric field and fiber size distribution in a multi‐nozzle electrospinning system. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Jin
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Yeom
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ju Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyoung Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering‐Engineering Mechanics Michigan Technological University Houghton MI USA
| | - Seong Hyuk Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
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16
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Recent advances in electrospun protein fibers/nanofibers for the food and biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 311:102827. [PMID: 36584601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning (ES) is one of the most investigated processes for the convenient, adaptive, and scalable manufacturing of nano/micro/macro-fibers. With this technique, virgin and composite fibers may be made in different designs using a wide range of polymers (both natural and synthetic). Electrospun protein fibers (EPF) shave desirable capabilities such as biocompatibility, low toxicity, degradability, and solvolysis. However, issues with the proteins' processibility have limited their widespread utilization. This paper gives an overview of the features of protein-based biomaterials, which are already being employed and has the potential to be exploited for ES. State-of-the-art examples showcasing the usefulness of EPFs in the food and biomedical industries, including tissue engineering, wound dressings, and drug delivery, provided in the applications. The EPFs' future perspective and the challenge they pose are presented at the end. It is believed that protein and biopolymeric nanofibers will soon be manufactured on an industrial scale owing to the limitations of employing synthetic materials, as well as enormous potential of nanofibers in other fields, such as active food packaging, regenerative medicine, drug delivery, cosmetic, and filtration.
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17
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Buchveitz Pires J, Martins Fonseca L, Jéssica Siebeneichler T, Lopes Crizel R, Nardo dos Santos F, Cristina dos Santos Hackbart H, Hüttner Kringel D, Dillenburg Meinhart A, da Rosa Zavareze E, Renato Guerra Dias A. Curcumin encapsulation in capsules and fibers of potato starch by electrospraying and electrospinning: thermal resistance and antioxidant activity. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Effects of amylose and amylopectin molecular structures on starch electrospinning. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Triggered and controlled release of bioactives in food applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 100:49-107. [PMID: 35659356 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds (e.g., nutraceuticals, micronutrients, antimicrobial, antioxidant) are added to food products and formulations to enhance sensorial/nutritional attributes and/or shelf-life. Many of these bioactives are susceptible to degradation when exposed to environmental and processing factors. Others involve in undesirable interactions with food constituents. Encapsulation is a useful tool for addressing these issues through various stabilization mechanisms. Besides protection, another important requirement of encapsulation is to design a carrier that predictably releases the encapsulated bioactive at the target site to elicit its intended functionality. To this end, controlled release carrier systems derived from interactive materials have been developed and commercially exploited to meet the requirements of various applications. This chapter provides an overview on basic controlled and triggered release concepts relevant to food and active packaging applications. Different approaches to encapsulate bioactive compounds and their mode of release are presented, from simple blending with a compatible matrix to complex multiphase carrier systems. To further elucidate the mass transport processes, selected diffusion and empirical release kinetic models are presented, along with their brief historical significance. Finally, interactive carriers that are responsive to moisture, pH, thermal and chemical stimuli are presented to illustrate how these triggered release mechanisms can be useful for food applications.
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20
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Boukid F. The realm of plant proteins with focus on their application in developing new bakery products. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 99:101-136. [PMID: 35595392 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant proteins are spreading due to growing environmental, health and ethical concerns related to animal proteins. Proteins deriving from cereals, oilseeds, and pulses are witnessing a sharp growth showing a wide spectrum of applications from meat and fish analogues to infant formulations. Bakery products are one of the biggest markets of alternative protein applications for functional and nutritional motives. Fortifying bakery products with proteins can secure a better amino-acids profile and a higher protein intake. Conventional plant proteins (i.e., wheat and soy) dominate the bakery industry, but emerging sources (i.e., pea, chickpea, and faba) are also gaining traction. Each protein brings specific functional properties and nutritional value. Therefore, this chapter gives an overview of the main features of plant proteins and discusses their impact on the quality of bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Boukid
- Food Safety and Functionality Programme, Food Industry Area, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA), Monells, Catalonia, Spain.
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21
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Electrospinning as a Promising Process to Preserve the Quality and Safety of Meat and Meat Products. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fresh and processed meat products are staple foods worldwide. However, these products are considered perishable foods and their deterioration depends partly on the inner and external properties of meat. Beyond conventional meat preservation approaches, electrospinning has emerged as a novel effective alternative to develop active and intelligent packaging. Thus, this review aims to discuss the advantages and shortcomings of electrospinning application for quality and safety preservation of meat and processed meat products. Electrospun fibres are very versatile, and their features can be modulated to deliver functional properties such as antioxidant and antimicrobial effects resulting in shelf-life extension and in some cases product quality improvement. Compared to conventional processes, electrospun fibres provide advantages such as casting and coating in the fabrication of active systems, indicators, and sensors. The approaches for improving, stabilizing, and controlling the release of active compounds and highly sensitive, rapid, and reliable responsiveness, under changes in real-time are still challenging for innovative packaging development. Despite their advantages, the active and intelligent electrospun fibres for meat packaging are still restricted to research and not yet widely used for commercial products. Industrial validation of lab-scale achievements of electrospinning might boost their commercialisation. Safety must be addressed by evaluating the impact of electrospun fibres migration from package to foods on human health. This information will contribute into filling knowledge gaps and sustain clear regulations.
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22
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Luo X, Zaitoon A, Lim LT. A review on colorimetric indicators for monitoring product freshness in intelligent food packaging: Indicator dyes, preparation methods, and applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2489-2519. [PMID: 35365965 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intelligent food packaging system exhibits enhanced communication function by providing dynamic product information to various stakeholders (e.g., consumers, retailers, distributors) in the supply chain. One example of intelligent packaging involves the use of colorimetric indicators, which when subjected to external stimuli (e.g., moisture, gas/vapor, electromagnetic radiation, temperature), display discernable color changes that can be correlated with real-time changes in product quality. This type of interactive packaging system allows continuous monitoring of product freshness during transportation, distribution, storage, and marketing phases. This review summarizes the colorimetric indicator technologies for intelligent packaging systems, emphasizing on the types of indicator dyes, preparation methods, applications in different food products, and future considerations. Both food and nonfood indicator materials integrated into various carriers (e.g., paper-based substrates, polymer films, electrospun fibers, and nanoparticles) with material properties optimized for specific applications are discussed, targeting perishable products, such as fresh meat and fishery products. Colorimetric indicators can supplement the traditional "Best Before" date label by providing real-time product quality information to the consumers and retailers, thereby not only ensuring product safety, but also promising in reducing food waste. Successful scale-up of these intelligent packaging technologies to the industrial level must consider issues related to regulatory approval, consumer acceptance, cost-effectiveness, and product compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Luo
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Amr Zaitoon
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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23
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Pavani M, Singha P, Dash DR, Asaithambi N, Singh SK. Novel encapsulation approaches for phytosterols and their importance in food products: A review. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mekala Pavani
- Department of Food Process Engineering National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela Rourkela India
| | - Poonam Singha
- Department of Food Process Engineering National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela Rourkela India
| | - Dibya Ranjan Dash
- Department of Food Process Engineering National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela Rourkela India
| | - Niveditha Asaithambi
- Department of Food Process Engineering National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela Rourkela India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Food Process Engineering National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela Rourkela India
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24
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Lu S, Tao J, Liu X, Wen Z. Baicalin-liposomes loaded polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan electrospinning nanofibrous films: Characterization, antibacterial properties and preservation effects on mushrooms. Food Chem 2022; 371:131372. [PMID: 34808772 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate antibacterial properties and application in food preservation of nanofibrous films (NFs), baicalin-liposomes (BCL-LPs) were loaded into polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan (PVA-CS) substrates to form NFs using electrospinning technology. The microstructure and phase identification of the NFs were characterized. The antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity of NFs were determined. The preservation of the NFs to mushrooms was evaluated. The results showed that smooth and uniform NFs were formed through molecular interaction between BCL-LPs and PVA-CS matrix. The NFs exhibited good antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus due to the bacterial destruction resulting from the BCL delivery to bacterial cells by liposomes. In addition, the NFs were compatible with L929 fibroblasts. The BCL-LPs/PVA-CS NFs inhibited weight loss, browning, rancidity and bacterial growth as well as maintained the nutrients of mushrooms. The results show BCL-LPs/PVA-CS NFs possessed effective antibacterial properties, non-cytotoxicity and preservation performance, indicating the potential utilization as food-active packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobing Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junyu Tao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
| | - Xinfei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhen Wen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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25
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Zaitoon A, Luo X, Lim LT. Triggered and controlled release of active gaseous/volatile compounds for active packaging applications of agri-food products: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:541-579. [PMID: 34913248 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gaseous and volatile active compounds are versatile to enhance safety and preserve quality of agri-food products during storage and distribution. However, the use of these compounds is limited by their high vapor pressure and/or chemical instability, especially in active packaging (AP) applications. Various approaches for stabilizing and controlling the release of active gaseous/volatile compounds have been developed, including encapsulation (e.g., into supramolecular matrices, polymer-based films, electrospun nonwovens) and triggered release systems involving precursor technology, thereby allowing their safe and effective use in AP applications. In this review, encapsulation technologies of gases (e.g., CO2 , ClO2 , SO2 , ethylene, 1-methylcyclopropene) and volatiles (e.g., ethanol, ethyl formate, essential oils and their constituents) into different solid matrices, polymeric films, and electrospun nonwovens are reviewed, especially with regard to encapsulation mechanisms and controlled release properties. Recent developments on utilizing precursor compounds of bioactive gases/volatiles to enhance their storage stability and better control their release profiles are discussed. The potential applications of these controlled release systems in AP of agri-food products are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Zaitoon
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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26
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Ceylan Z, Kutlu N, Meral R, Ekin MM, Kose YE. Protective effect of grape seed oil-loaded nanofibers: Limitation of microbial growth and lipid oxidation in kashar cheese and fish meat samples. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Dierings de Souza EJ, Kringel DH, Guerra Dias AR, da Rosa Zavareze E. Polysaccharides as wall material for the encapsulation of essential oils by electrospun technique. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 265:118068. [PMID: 33966832 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile, inexpensive and reliable technique for the synthesis of nanometric fibers or particles from polymeric solutions, under a high voltage electric field. The use of natural polysaccharides such as starch, chitosan, pectin, alginate, pullulan, cellulose and dextran as polymeric materials allows the formation of biodegradable fibers and capsules. Bioactive compounds extracted from natural sources, such as essential oils, have been widely studied due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The combination of natural polymers and the electrospinning technique allows the production of structures capable of incorporating these bioactive compounds, which are highly sensitive to degradation reactions. This review describes several approaches to the development of nanofibers and nanocapsules from polysaccharides and the possibility of incorporating hydrophobic compounds, such as essential oils. The review also discusses the use of electrosprayed products incorporated with essential oils for direct application in food or for use as active food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Elessandra da Rosa Zavareze
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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28
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An Overview of the Design of Chitosan-Based Fiber Composite Materials. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5060160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan composite fibrous materials continue to generate significant interest for wastewater treatment, food packaging, and biomedical applications. This relates to the relatively high surface area and porosity of such fibrous chitosan materials that synergize with their unique physicochemical properties. Various methods are involved in the preparation of chitosan composite fibrous materials, which include the modification of the biopolymer that serve to alter the solubility of chitosan, along with post-treatment of the composite materials to improve the water stability or to achieve tailored functional properties. Two promising methods to produce such composite fibrous materials involve freeze-drying and electrospinning. Future developments of such composite fibrous materials demands an understanding of the various modes of preparation and methods of structural characterization of such materials. This review contributes to an understanding of the structure–property relationships of composite fibrous materials that contain chitosan, along with an overview of recent advancements concerning their preparation.
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Clindamycin-loaded nanofibers of polylactic acid, elastin and gelatin for use in tissue engineering. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Enzymatic Production of Novel European Eel Proteins Hydrolysates: Biological Activities, Techno-Functional Properties and Maltodextrin-Hydrolysates Efficient Electrosprayability. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Sui X, Zhang T, Jiang L. Soy Protein: Molecular Structure Revisited and Recent Advances in Processing Technologies. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:119-147. [PMID: 33317319 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-062220-104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rising health concerns and increasing obesity levels in human society have led some consumers to cut back on animal protein consumption and switch to plant-based proteins as an alternative. Soy protein is a versatile protein supplement and contains well-balanced amino acids, making it comparable to animal protein. With sufficient processing and modification, the quality of soy protein can be improved above that of animal-derived proteins, if desired. The modern food industry is undergoing a dynamic change, with advanced processing technologies that can produce a multitude of foods and ingredients with functional properties from soy proteins, providing consumers with a wide variety of foods. This review highlights recent progress in soy protein processing technologies. Using the current literature, the processing-induced structural changes in soy protein are also explored. Furthermore, the molecular structure of soy protein, particularly the crystal structures of β-conglycinin and glycinin, is comprehensively revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Sui
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; ,
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; ,
| | - Lianzhou Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; ,
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Souza EJD, dos Santos FN, Pires JB, Kringel DH, da Silva WMF, Meinhart AD, Dias ARG, Zavareze EDR. Production and Optimization of Ultrafine Fiber from Yam Starch by Electrospinning Method Using Multivariate Analysis. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Nardo dos Santos
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas RS 96010‐900 Brazil
| | - Juliani Buchveitz Pires
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas RS 96010‐900 Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Dillenburg Meinhart
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas RS 96010‐900 Brazil
| | - Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas RS 96010‐900 Brazil
| | - Elessandra da Rosa Zavareze
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas RS 96010‐900 Brazil
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33
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Electrospraying: A facile technology unfolding the chitosan based drug delivery and biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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Zaitoon A, Lim LT, Scott-Dupree C. Activated release of ethyl formate vapor from its precursor encapsulated in ethyl Cellulose/Poly(Ethylene oxide) electrospun nonwovens intended for active packaging of fresh produce. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Activated release of hexanal and salicylaldehyde from imidazolidine precursors encapsulated in electrospun ethylcellulose-poly(ethylene oxide) fibers. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHexanal and salicylaldehyde are naturally-occurring antimicrobial volatiles from edible plants known for their efficacy for post-harvest preservation of fruits and vegetables. Due to their volatility and susceptibility to oxidation, these volatiles must be encapsulated within a carrier to control their release, especially when applied in modified atmnosphere and active packaging applications. In this study, salicylaldehyde precursor (SP; 1,3-dibenzylethane-2-hydroxyphenyl imidazolidine) and hexanal precursor (HP) were synthetized through a Schiff base reaction between these aldehydes and N,N’-dibenzylethane-1,2-diamine. The structure of SP was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. SP and HP, separately and in combinations, were encapsulated within ethylcellulose–poly(ethylene oxide) (EC–PEO) nonwoven membranes, using a free-surface electrospinning technique. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the fibers varied substantially with SP and HP ratio. Specific interactions between SP and HP with the polymers were not detected from the FTIR spectroscopy analysis, suggesting that the precursors were mainly physically entrapped within the EC–PEO fiber matrix. Headspace gas chromatography showed that the release of hexanal and salicylaldehyde could be activated by contacting the precursor-containing electrospun nonwoven with an acidified agarose gel containing 0.003–0.3 M of citric acid. The delivery system can be promising for controlled release of hexanal and salicylaldehyde to extend the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables.
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36
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Mendes AC, Saldarini E, Chronakis IS. Electrohydrodynamic Processing of Potato Protein into Particles and Fibers. Molecules 2020; 25:E5968. [PMID: 33339397 PMCID: PMC7766494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato protein particles and fibers were produced using electrohydrodynamic processing (electrospray and electrospinning). The effect of different solvents and protein concentration on the morphology of the potato protein particles and fibers was investigated. Electrosprayed particles with average diameters ranging from 0.3 to 1.4 µm could be obtained using water and mixtures of water: ethanol (9:1) and water:glycerol (9:1). Electrosprayed particles were also obtained using the solvent hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) at a protein concentration of 5% wt/v. For protein concentrations above 10% wt/v, using HFIP, electrospun fibers were produced. The release of vitamin B12, as a model bioactive compound, from potato protein electrospun fibers, was also investigated, demonstrating their potential to be utilized as encapsulation and delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Mendes
- DTU-Food, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | | | - Ioannis S. Chronakis
- DTU-Food, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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Akintayo OA, Oyeyinka SA, Aziz AO, Olawuyi IF, Kayode RMO, Karim OR. Quality attributes of breads from high-quality cassava flour improved with wet gluten. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2310-2316. [PMID: 32691453 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the physical, chemical, and sensory attributes of breads produced from preheated high-quality cassava flour (PCF) and its composite with wheat flour (CWF). Wet gluten was added to the PCF and CWF for production of bread, while bread from wheat served as the control. Flour functionality was determined prior to bread production. The moisture contents of the flour samples were in the range of 12.80 to 14.21%, and PCF exhibited water absorption capacity (1.12 mL/g) comparable to that of wheat flour (WF) (1.10 mL/g). There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in color characteristics, except in L* values and breads produced from WF and CWF were similar in specific volume (3.85 to 4.21 mL/g) and firmness (2.04 to 2.64 N). Breads from WF and CWF exhibited similar crumb microstructure, though gas bubbles in the sample from PCF appeared less developed. Wheat bread had significantly (P < 0.05) higher calorie, crude protein and crude fat, but lower crude fiber, ash, and carbohydrate compared to other bread samples. Sensory evaluation showed that bread from PCF was not significantly different from 100% wheat bread in crust color, texture, and overall acceptability but was impaired in flavor. The study revealed the feasibility of bread baking from preheated cassava flour with added gluten extract. The bread produced had some quality attributes comparable to that of wheat bread. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Bread from wheat-cassava composite flour with added gluten was similar to wheat bread in specific volume and firmness while sample from cassava flour with added gluten compared favorably well with wheat bread in crust color, texture, and overall acceptability. Findings from the study present wheat gluten extract as a viable component to be used in nonwheat flours for bread making. This could be a basis to further add value to the gluten churned out as a by-product in the wheat starch industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaide A Akintayo
- Department of Home Economics and Food Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Samson A Oyeyinka
- Department of Home Economics and Food Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,School of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of the South Pacific, Apia, Samoa
| | - Aziz O Aziz
- Department of Home Economics and Food Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ibukunoluwa F Olawuyi
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Rowland M O Kayode
- Department of Home Economics and Food Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka R Karim
- Department of Home Economics and Food Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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38
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Curcumin-loaded electrospun nonwoven as a colorimetric indicator for volatile amines. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Electrospinning Live Cells Using Gelatin and Pullulan. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7010021. [PMID: 32098366 PMCID: PMC7148470 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is a scaffold production method that utilizes electric force to draw a polymer solution into nanometer-sized fibers. By optimizing the polymer and electrospinning parameters, a scaffold is created with the desired thickness, alignment, and pore size. Traditionally, cells and biological constitutes are implanted into the matrix of the three-dimensional scaffold following electrospinning. Our design simultaneously introduces cells into the scaffold during the electrospinning process at 8 kV. In this study, we achieved 90% viability of adipose tissue-derived stem cells through electrospinning.
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40
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Liu X, Jansman MMT, Thulstrup PW, Mendes AC, Chronakis IS, Hosta‐Rigau L. Low‐Fouling Electrosprayed Hemoglobin Nanoparticles with Antioxidant Protection as Promising Oxygen Carriers. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900293. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- DTU Health TechCenter for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsTechnical University of DenmarkNils Koppels Allé B423 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Michelle M. T. Jansman
- DTU Health TechCenter for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsTechnical University of DenmarkNils Koppels Allé B423 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Peter W. Thulstrup
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ana C. Mendes
- DTU FoodTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet, B202 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ioannis S. Chronakis
- DTU FoodTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet, B202 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Leticia Hosta‐Rigau
- DTU Health TechCenter for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsTechnical University of DenmarkNils Koppels Allé B423 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
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