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He R, Li Y, Bernards MA, Wang A. Turnip mosaic virus selectively subverts a PR-5 thaumatin-like, plasmodesmal protein to promote viral infection. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2025; 245:299-317. [PMID: 39532690 PMCID: PMC11617660 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are induced by abiotic and biotic stresses and generally considered as part of the plant defense mechanism. However, it remains yet largely unclear if and how they are involved in virus infection. Our recent quantitative, comparative proteomic study identified three PR-5 family proteins that are significantly differentially accumulated in the plasmodesmata (PD)-enriched fraction isolated from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infected by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). In this study, we employed the TuMV-Arabidopsis pathosystem to characterize the involvement of two Arabidopsis orthologs, AtOSM34 and AtOLP of the three N. benthamiana PR-5-like proteins. We show that AtOSM34 and AtOLP are PD-localized proteins and their expression is up- and downregulated in response to TuMV infection, respectively. Deficiency or overexpression of AtOLP does not affect viral RNA accumulation. Knockdown of AtOSM34 inhibits TuMV infection, whereas its overexpression promotes viral infection. We further demonstrate that AtOSM34 functions as a proviral factor through diminishing PD callose deposition to promote viral intercellular movement, targeting the viral replication complex to enhance viral replication, and suppressing the ROS-mediated antiviral response. Taken together, these data suggest that TuMV has evolved the ability to selectively upregulate and subvert AtOSM34, a PR-5 family protein to assist its infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong He
- London Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondonONN5V 4T3Canada
- Department of BiologyWestern University1151 Richmond St.LondonONN6A 5B7Canada
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondonONN5V 4T3Canada
| | - Mark A. Bernards
- Department of BiologyWestern University1151 Richmond St.LondonONN6A 5B7Canada
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondonONN5V 4T3Canada
- Department of BiologyWestern University1151 Richmond St.LondonONN6A 5B7Canada
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2
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Kamran A, Hussain MD, Farooq T, Li F, Khan M, Li X, Yang S, Xie X. Deciphering intricate plant-virus interactions: Potyvirids orchestrate protein posttranslational modifications to regulate pathogenicity. Microbiol Res 2025; 290:127940. [PMID: 39536513 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
In a molecular-arm-race between viruses and their hosts, viruses have evolved to harness their host's post-translational modifications (PTMs) machinery to gain a competitive edge. These modifications are the most reliable target of plant viruses to overcome the host defence for successful infection. Relatively fewer PTMs i.e., phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, Ubiquitination, and SUMOylation have been studied regulating the potyvirus-plant interaction. Therefore, it is worth drawing attention towards the importance and potential of this undermined but key strategy of potyvirids (members of family Potyviridae) to abduct their host defence line, suggesting to review in detail the existing knowledge of these PTMs and highlight the unexplored modifications that might have played their part in establishing successful infection. The current review provides an understanding of how PTMs execute viral replication and infection dynamics during plant-potyvirid interactions. We highlighted that PTMs linked to CP, NIa-pro, NIb, and VPg are important to specify their host, virulence, overcoming host innate immunity, and most importantly disarming the host of RNA silencing tool of nailing any intruder. The limitations and potential improvements in studying undermined PTMs, including acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, and neddylation, as well as challenges and future perspectives of this inevitable process are mechanistically deciphered in the course of plant-virus interactions. This communication opens new avenues for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of virus infection and the development of new antiviral strategies for sustainable disease managements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Muhammad Dilshad Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tahir Farooq
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Mehran Khan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Sanwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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3
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Sanfaçon H. 3C-like proteases at the interface of plant-virus-vector interactions: Focus on potyvirid NIa proteases and secovirid proteases. Virology 2025; 602:110299. [PMID: 39579507 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant viruses of the families Potyviridae and Secoviridae encode 3C-like proteases (3CLpro) that are related to picornavirus 3C proteases. This review discusses recent advances in deciphering the multifunctional activities of plant virus 3CLpro. These proteases regulate viral polyprotein processing and facilitate virus replication. They are also determinants of host range, virulence, symptomatology and super-infection exclusion in some plant-virus interactions and facilitate aphid transmission. Potyvirid NIa-Pro proteases interact with host factors to interfere with a variety of defense mechanisms: salicylic acid-dependent signaling, ethylene-dependent signaling, transcriptional gene silencing and RNA decay. Potyvirid NIa-Pro also cleave host proteins at signature cleavage sites, although the biological impact of these cleavage remains to be determined. Recently, a plant defense mechanism was uncovered that inhibits the proteolytic activity of a comovirus 3CLpro. Future perspectives are discussed including using proteomic and degradomic techniques to elucidate the network of interactions of plant virus 3CLpro with the host proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, V0H 1Z0, Summerland, BC, Canada.
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4
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Zhao X, Gao Q, Wang H, Yue J, An D, Li B, Yan F, Carmen SM, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Zhao M. syn-tasiRnas targeting the coat protein of potato virus Y confer antiviral resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2358270. [PMID: 38796845 PMCID: PMC11135832 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2358270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Trans-acting small interfering RNAs (tasiRNAs) are 21-nt phased (phased siRNAs) resulting from successive DCL-catalyzed processing from the end of a double-stranded RNA substrate originating from the RDR of an AGO-catalyzed cleaved RNA at a micro RNA target site. Plant tasiRNAs have been synthesized to produce synthetic tasiRNAs (syn-tasiRNAs) targeting viral RNAs that confer viral resistance. In this study, we engineered syn-tasiRNAs to target potato virus Y (PVY) infection by replacing five native siRNAs of TAS1c with 210-bp fragments from the coat protein (CP) region of the PVY genome. The results showed that the transient expression of syn-tasiR-CPpvy2 in Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) plants conferred antiviral resistance, supported by the absence of PVY infection symptoms and viral accumulation. This indicated that syn-tasiR-CPpvy2 successfully targeted and silenced the PVY CP gene, effectively inhibiting viral infection. syn-tasiR-CPpvy1 displayed attenuated symptoms and decreased viral accumulation in these plants However, severe symptoms of PVY infection and a similar amount of viral accumulation as the control were observed in plants expressing syn-tasiR-CPpvy3. syn-tasiR-CPpvy/pvx, which targets both PVY and potato virus X (PVX), was engineered using a single precursor. After the transient expression of syn-tasiR-CPpvy/pvx3 and syn-tasiR-CPpvy/pvx5 in N. benthamiana, the plants were resistant to both PVY and PVX. These results suggested that engineered syn-tasiRNAs could not only specifically induce antiviral resistance against one target virus but could also be designed for multi-targeted silencing of different viruses, thereby preventing complex virus infection in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianying Yue
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Derong An
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Tabacco Production, Sichuan Province Company of Tobacco Corporation in China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- Panzhihua City company of Sichuan province company of Tobacco Corporation in China, Panzhihua city, Sichuan provience, China
| | | | - Yuanzheng Zhao
- Department of Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongyou Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mingmin Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Department of Plant protection, Key Laboratory of the Development and Resource Utilization of Biological Pesticide in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, China
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5
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Wei Y, Yuan Q, Alshaya DS, Waheed A, Attia KA, Fiaz S, Iqbal MS. Characterizing the impact of CPSF30 gene disruption on TuMV infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. GM CROPS & FOOD 2024; 15:1-17. [PMID: 39351907 PMCID: PMC11445912 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2403776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
CPSF30, a key polyadenylation factor, also serves as an m6A reader, playing a crucial role in determining RNA fate post-transcription. While its homologs mammals are known to be vital for viral replication and immune evasion, the full scope of CPSF30 in plant, particular in viral regulation, remains less explored. Our study demonstrates that CPSF30 significantly facilitates the infection of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in Arabidopsis thaliana, as evidenced by infection experiments on the engineered cpsf30 mutant. Among the two isoforms, CPSF30-L, which were characterized with m6A binding activity, emerged as the primary isoform responding to TuMV infection. Analysis of m6A components revealed potential involvement of the m6A machinery in regulating TuMV infection. In contrast, CPSF30-S exhibited distinct subcellular localization, coalescing with P-body markers (AtDCP1 and AtDCP2) in cytoplasmic granules, suggesting divergent regulatory mechanisms between the isoforms. Furthermore, comprehensive mRNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq analysis of Col-0 and cpsf30 mutants revealed global transcriptional reprogramming, highlighting CPSF30's role in selectively modulating gene expression during TuMV infection. In conclusion, this research underscores CPSF30's critical role in the TuMV lifecycle and sets the stage for further exploration of its function in plant viral regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wei
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Quan Yuan
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dalal Sulaiman Alshaya
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
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6
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Thava Prakasa Pandian R, Bhavishya, Kavi Sidharthan V, Rajesh MK, Babu M, Sharma SK, Nirmal Kumar BJ, Chaithra M, Hegde V. From the discovery of a novel arepavirus in diseased arecanut palms (Areca catechu L.) in India to the identification of known and novel arepaviruses in bee and plant transcriptomes through data-mining. Virology 2024; 600:110256. [PMID: 39369672 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Arecanut palm is a commercially important plantation crop valued for its nut. In this investigation, we report the discovery of a putative novel arepavirus, named areca palm necrotic ringspot virus 2 (ANRSV2), in necrotic ringspot diseased areca palms in Bantwal, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India through RNA-sequencing and transmission electron microscopy. Further, the presence of ANRSV2 in the diseased samples was confirmed through reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. In addition, by mining public domain transcriptome data for arepaviral sequences, we identified a putative novel arepavirus in Psychotria rubra, a non-palm host. We recovered the genome sequences of the areca palm necrotic ringspot virus in honey bees, tomato, Onobrychis viciifolia, and Rhamnus heterophylla. These findings broaden our comprehension of arepaviral diversity and host range, and suggest an intriguing possibility of pollen-mediated arepaviral transmission that necessitates empirical validation. Further studies are needed to understand the biology of identified putative novel arepaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thava Prakasa Pandian
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhavishya
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, Karnataka, India
| | - V Kavi Sidharthan
- Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, ICFRE-Institute of Forest Biodiversity (IFB), Hyderabad, India
| | - M K Rajesh
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Merin Babu
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI) Regional Station, Kayamkulam, Kerala, India
| | | | - B J Nirmal Kumar
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI) Regional Station, Vittal, Karnataka, India
| | - M Chaithra
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI) Research Centre, Kakikuchi, Assam, India
| | - Vinayaka Hegde
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI) Kasaragod, Kerala, India
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7
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Zhan X, Zhang F, Li N, Xu K, Wang X, Gao S, Yin Y, Yuan W, Chen W, Ren Z, Yao M, Wang F. CRISPR/Cas: An Emerging Toolbox for Engineering Virus Resistance in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:3313. [PMID: 39683106 DOI: 10.3390/plants13233313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas have been recognized as powerful genome-editing tools in diverse eukaryotic species, including plants, and thus hold great promise for engineering virus resistance in plants. Nevertheless, further attention is required regarding various issues associated with applying new powerful technologies in the field. This mini-review focuses on the recent advances in using CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas13 systems to combat DNA and RNA viruses in plants. We explored the utility of CRISPR/Cas for targeting the viral genome and editing host susceptibility genes in plants. We also provide insights into the limitations and challenges of using CRISPR/Cas for plant virus interference and propose individual combinatorial solutions. In conclusion, CRISPR/Cas technology has the potential to offer innovative and highly efficient approaches for controlling viruses in important crops in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ning Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yanxu Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Weiling Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Weifang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhiyong Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Minghua Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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8
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Wu Z, Huang M, Jiang J, Zhang C, Hao G, Chen M, Li QX, Jia M, Liu J, Li X. Ningnanmycin Activates Defense Systems against Potato Virus Y in Nicotiana benthamiana. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39569937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
Ningnanmycin has been proven to effectively inhibit infection by potato virus Y (PVY), although its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we report a novel finding that ningnanmycin affects PVY replication. Two approaches were employed: studies using PVY movement-deficient mutants suggest that ningnanmycin, at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, inhibits PVY replication. Ningnanmycin interacts with the PVY-encoded coat protein (CP) with a binding constant of 1.34 μmol/L, and key amino acids Glu168 and Thr206 are involved in this interaction. Additionally, ningnanmycin induces the expression of antiviral response genes in Nicotiana benthamiana, including PRXIIB, PRXIIE, PUB4, and PER42. Furthermore, studies revealed that the overexpression of PUB4 in N. benthamiana confers resistance to PVY infection. These findings highlight the mechanisms by which ningnanmycin activates the PUB4 gene and suppresses CP assembly, thereby inhibiting PVY in N. benthamiana. This study represents an important step toward elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the antiviral activity of ningnanmycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gefei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Moxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Mengao Jia
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Sha T, Li Z, Xu S, Su T, Shopan J, Jin X, Deng Y, Lyu X, Hu Z, Zhang M, Yang J. eIF2Bβ confers resistance to Turnip mosaic virus by recruiting ALKBH9B to modify viral RNA methylation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:3205-3217. [PMID: 39229972 PMCID: PMC11501005 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) are the primary targets for overcoming RNA virus resistance in plants. In a previous study, we mapped a BjeIF2Bβ from Brassica juncea representing a new class of plant virus resistance genes associated with resistance to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). However, the mechanism underlying eIF2Bβ-mediated virus resistance remains unclear. In this study, we discovered that the natural variation of BjeIF2Bβ in the allopolyploid B. juncea was inherited from one of its ancestors, B. rapa. By editing of eIF2Bβ, we were able to confer resistance to TuMV in B. juncea and in its sister species of B. napus. Additionally, we identified an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylation factor, BjALKBH9B, for interaction with BjeIF2Bβ, where BjALKBH9B co-localized with both BjeIF2Bβ and TuMV. Furthermore, BjeIF2Bβ recruits BjALKBH9B to modify the m6A status of TuMV viral coat protein RNA, which lacks the ALKB homologue in its genomic RNA, thereby affecting viral infection. Our findings have applications for improving virus resistance in the Brassicaceae family through natural variation or genome editing of the eIF2Bβ. Moreover, we uncovered a non-canonical translational control of viral mRNA in the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyun Sha
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhangping Li
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang UniversityYazhou Bay Science and Technology CitySanyaChina
| | - Shirui Xu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Tongbing Su
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jannat Shopan
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xingming Jin
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yueying Deng
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang UniversityYazhou Bay Science and Technology CitySanyaChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHangzhouChina
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang UniversityYazhou Bay Science and Technology CitySanyaChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHangzhouChina
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang UniversityYazhou Bay Science and Technology CitySanyaChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHangzhouChina
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10
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Valli AA, Domingo-Calap ML, González de Prádena A, García JA, Cui H, Desbiez C, López-Moya JJ. Reconceptualizing transcriptional slippage in plant RNA viruses. mBio 2024; 15:e0212024. [PMID: 39287447 PMCID: PMC11481541 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02120-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses have evolved sophisticated strategies to exploit the limited encoded information within their typically compact genomes. One of them, named transcriptional slippage (TS), is characterized by the appearance of indels in nascent viral RNAs, leading to changes in the open reading frame (ORF). Although members of unrelated viral families express key proteins via TS, the available information about this phenomenon is still limited. In potyvirids (members of the Potyviridae family), TS has been defined by the insertion of an additional A at An motifs (n ≥ 6) in newly synthesized transcripts at a low frequency, modulated by nucleotides flanking the A-rich motif. Here, by using diverse experimental approaches and a collection of plant/virus combinations, we discover cases not following this definition. In summary, we observe (i) a high rate of single-nucleotide deletions at slippage motifs, (ii) overlapping ORFs acceded by slippage at an U8 stretch, and (iii) changes in slippage rates induced by factors not related to cognate viruses. Moreover, a survey of whole-genome sequences from potyvirids shows a widespread occurrence of species-specific An/Un (n ≥ 6) motifs. Even though many of them, but not all, lead to the production of truncated proteins rather than access to overlapping ORFs, these results suggest that slippage motifs appear more frequently than expected and play relevant roles during virus evolution. Considering the potential of this phenomenon to expand the viral proteome by acceding to overlapping ORFs and/or producing truncated proteins, a re-evaluation of TS significance during infections of RNA viruses is required.IMPORTANCETranscriptional slippage (TS) is used by RNA viruses as another strategy to maximize the coding information in their genomes. This phenomenon is based on a peculiar feature of viral replicases: they may produce indels in a small fraction of newly synthesized viral RNAs when transcribing certain motifs and then produce alternative proteins due to a change of the reading frame or truncated products by premature termination. Here, using plant-infecting RNA viruses as models, we discover cases expanding on previously established features of plant virus TS, prompting us to reconsider and redefine this expression strategy. An interesting conclusion from our study is that TS might be more relevant during RNA virus evolution and infection processes than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Luisa Domingo-Calap
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG-CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Evolving Therapeutics SL., Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain
| | | | | | - Hongguang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | | | - Juan José López-Moya
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG-CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
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11
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Fang X, Jia Z, Yu T, Rui P, Zheng H, Lu Y, Peng J, Rao S, Wu J, Chen J, Yan F, Wu G. FATTY ACID DESATURASE4 enhances plant RNA virus replication and undergoes host vacuolar ATPase-mediated degradation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:1502-1517. [PMID: 38935533 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that fatty acid (FA) metabolic pathways regulate host immunity to vertebrate viruses. However, information on FA signaling in plant virus infection remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of fatty acid desaturase (FAD), an enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the conversion of saturated FAs into unsaturated FAs, during infection by a plant RNA virus. We previously found that the rare Kua-ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (Kua-UEV1) fusion protein FAD4 from Nicotiana benthamiana (NbFAD4) was downregulated upon turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection. We now demonstrate that NbFAD4 is unstable and is degraded as TuMV infection progresses. NbFAD4 is required for TuMV replication, as it interacts with TuMV replication protein 6K2 and colocalizes with viral replication complexes. Moreover, NbFAD4 overexpression dampened the accumulation of immunity-related phytohormones and FA metabolites, and its catalytic activity appears to be crucial for TuMV infection. Finally, a yeast 2-hybrid library screen identified the vacuolar H+-ATPase component ATP6V0C as involved in NbFAD4 degradation and further suppression of TuMV infection. This study reveals the intricate role of FAD4 in plant virus infection, and sheds light on a new mechanism by which a V-ATPase is involved in plant antiviral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhaoxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tianqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Penghuan Rui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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12
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Wu G, Wang L, He R, Cui X, Chen X, Wang A. Two plant membrane-shaping reticulon-like proteins play contrasting complex roles in turnip mosaic virus infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e70017. [PMID: 39412487 PMCID: PMC11481689 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.70017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024]
Abstract
Positive-sense RNA viruses remodel cellular cytoplasmic membranes as the membranous sources for the formation of viral replication organelles (VROs) for viral genome replication. In plants, they traffic through plasmodesmata (PD), plasma membrane-lined pores enabling cytoplasmic connections between cells for intercellular movement and systemic infection. In this study, we employed turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a plant RNA virus to investigate the involvement of RTNLB3 and RTNLB6, two ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membrane-bending, PD-located reticulon-like (RTNL) non-metazoan group B proteins (RTNLBs) in viral infection. We show that RTNLB3 interacts with TuMV 6K2 integral membrane protein and RTNLB6 binds to TuMV coat protein (CP). Knockdown of RTNLB3 promoted viral infection, whereas downregulation of RTNLB6 restricted viral infection, suggesting that these two RTNLs play contrasting roles in TuMV infection. We further demonstrate that RTNLB3 targets the α-helix motif 42LRKSM46 of 6K2 to interrupt 6K2 self-interactions and compromise 6K2-induced VRO formation. Moreover, overexpression of AtRTNLB3 apparently promoted the selective degradation of the ER and ER-associated protein calnexin, but not 6K2. Intriguingly, mutation of the α-helix motif of 6K2 that is required for induction of VROs severely affected 6K2 stability and abolished TuMV infection. Thus, RTNLB3 attenuates TuMV replication, probably through the suppression of 6K2 function. We also show that RTNLB6 promotes viral intercellular movement but does not affect viral replication. Therefore, the proviral role of RTNLB6 is probably by enhancing viral cell-to-cell trafficking. Taken together, our data demonstrate that RTNL family proteins may play diverse complex, even opposite, roles in viral infection in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwei Wu
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondonOntarioCanada
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Liping Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondonOntarioCanada
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Rongrong He
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondonOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondonOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
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13
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Yang YZ, Xie L, Gao Q, Nie ZY, Zhang DL, Wang XB, Han CG, Wang Y. A potyvirus provides an efficient viral vector for gene expression and functional studies in Asteraceae plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:842-855. [PMID: 38917205 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Plant virus-derived vectors are rapid and cost-effective for protein expression and gene functional studies in plants, particularly for species that are difficult to genetically transform. However, few efficient viral vectors are available for functional studies in Asteraceae plants. Here, we identified a potyvirus named zinnia mild mottle virus (ZiMMV) from common zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.) through next-generation sequencing. Using a yeast homologous recombination strategy, we established a full-length infectious cDNA clone of ZiMMV under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Furthermore, we developed an efficient expression vector based on ZiMMV for the persistent and abundant expression of foreign proteins in the leaf, stem, root, and flower tissues with mild symptoms during viral infection in common zinnia. We showed that the ZiMMV-based vector can express ZeMYB9, which encodes a transcript factor inducing dark red speckles in leaves and flowers. Additionally, the expression of a gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis gene from the ZiMMV vector substantially accelerated plant height growth, offering a rapid and cost-effective method. In summary, our work provides a powerful tool for gene expression, functional studies, and genetic improvement of horticultural traits in Asteraceae plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Zhang-Yao Nie
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ding-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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Olmo-Uceda MJ, Ambrós S, Corrêa RL, Elena SF. Transcriptomic insights into the epigenetic modulation of turnip mosaic virus evolution in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:897. [PMID: 39350047 PMCID: PMC11441173 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-virus interaction models propose that a virus's ability to infect a host genotype depends on the compatibility between virulence and resistance genes. Recently, we conducted an evolution experiment in which lineages of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) were passaged in Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes carrying mutations in components of the DNA methylation and the histone demethylation epigenetic pathways. All evolved lineages increased infectivity, virulence and viral load in a host genotype-dependent manner. RESULTS To better understand the underlying reasons for these evolved relationships, we delved into the transcriptomic responses of mutant and WT plant genotypes in mock conditions and infected with either the ancestral or evolved viruses. Such a comparison allowed us to classify every gene into nine basic expression profiles. Regarding the targets of viral adaptation, our analyses allowed the identification of common viral targets as well as host genotype-specific genes and categories of biological processes. As expected, immune response-related genes were found to be altered upon infection. However, we also noticed the pervasive over-representation of other functional groups, suggesting that viral adaptation was not solely driven by the level of expression of plant resistance genes. In addition, a significant association between the presence of transposable elements within or upstream the differentially expressed genes was observed. Finally, integration of transcriptomic data into a virus-host protein-protein interaction network highlighted the most impactful interactions. CONCLUSIONS These findings shed extra light on the complex dynamics between plants and viruses, indicating that viral infectivity depends on various factors beyond just the plant's resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Olmo-Uceda
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I 2 SysBio), CSIC-Universitat de València, Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Silvia Ambrós
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I 2 SysBio), CSIC-Universitat de València, Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Régis L Corrêa
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I 2 SysBio), CSIC-Universitat de València, Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
- Departmento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Santiago F Elena
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I 2 SysBio), CSIC-Universitat de València, Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain.
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
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15
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Melero I, Gómez-Cadenas A, González R, Elena SF. Transcriptional and hormonal profiling uncovers the interactions between plant developmental stages and RNA virus infection. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 39292505 PMCID: PMC11410048 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.002023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana is more susceptible to certain viruses during its later developmental stages. The differential responses and the mechanisms behind this development-dependent susceptibility to infection are still not fully understood. Here we explored the outcome of a viral infection at different host developmental stages by studying the response of A. thaliana to infection with turnip mosaic virus at three developmental stages: juvenile vegetative, bolting, and mature flowering plants. We found that infected plants at later stages downregulate cell wall biosynthetic genes and that this downregulation may be one factor facilitating viral spread and systemic infection. We also found that, despite being more susceptible to infection, infected mature flowering plants were more fertile (i.e. produce more viable seeds) than juvenile vegetative and bolting infected plants; that is, plants infected at the reproductive stage have greater fitness than plants infected at earlier developmental stages. Moreover, treatment of mature plants with salicylic acid increased resistance to infection at the cost of significantly reducing fertility. Together, these observations support a negative trade-off between viral susceptibility and plant fertility. Our findings point towards a development-dependent tolerance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izan Melero
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (CSIC - Universitat de València), Paterna, 46182 València, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Rubén González
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (CSIC - Universitat de València), Paterna, 46182 València, Spain
- Present address: Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Santiago F Elena
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (CSIC - Universitat de València), Paterna, 46182 València, Spain
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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16
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Du K, Peng D, Wu J, Zhu Y, Jiang T, Wang P, Chen X, Jiang S, Li X, Cao Z, Fan Z, Zhou T. Maize splicing-mediated mRNA surveillance impeded by sugarcane mosaic virus-coded pathogenic protein NIa-Pro. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3010. [PMID: 39178251 PMCID: PMC11343020 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
The eukaryotic mRNA surveillance pathway, a pivotal guardian of mRNA fidelity, stands at the nexus of diverse biological processes, including antiviral immunity. Despite the recognized function of splicing factors on mRNA fate, the intricate interplay shaping the mRNA surveillance pathway remains elusive. We illustrate that the conserved splicing factor U2 snRNP auxiliary factor large subunit B (U2AF65B) modulates splicing of mRNA surveillance complex, contributing to transcriptomic homeostasis in maize. The functionality of the mRNA surveillance pathway requires ZmU2AF65B-mediated normal splicing of upstream frameshift 3 (ZmUPF3) pre-mRNA, encoding a core factor in this pathway. Intriguingly, sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)-coded nuclear inclusion protein a protease (NIa-Pro) hinders the splicing function of ZmU2AF65B. Furthermore, NIa-Pro disrupts ZmU2AF65B binding to ZmUPF3 pre-mRNA, leading to dysregulated splicing of ZmUPF3 transcripts and, consequently, impairing mRNA surveillance, thus facilitating viral infection. Together, this study establishes that splicing governs the mRNA surveillance pathway and identifies a pathogenic protein capable of disrupting this regulation to compromise RNA immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dezhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiqiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yabing Zhu
- BGI Tech Solutions Co. Ltd. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sanjie Jiang
- BGI Tech Solutions Co. Ltd. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyan Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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17
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Hajizadeh M, Ben Mansour K, Gibbs AJ. A Genetic Study of Spillovers in the Bean Common Mosaic Subgroup of Potyviruses. Viruses 2024; 16:1351. [PMID: 39339828 PMCID: PMC11436247 DOI: 10.3390/v16091351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Nine viruses of the bean common mosaic virus subgroup of potyviruses are major international crop pathogens, but their phylogenetically closest relatives from non-crop plants have mostly been found only in SE Asia and Oceania, which is thus likely to be their "centre of emergence". We have compared over 700 of the complete genomic ORFs of the crop pandemic and the non-crop viruses in various ways. Only one-third of crop virus genomes are non-recombinant, but more than half the non-crop virus genomes are. Four of the viruses were from crops domesticated in the Old World (Africa to SE Asia), and the other five were from New World crops. There was a temporal signal in only three of the crop virus datasets, but it confirmed that the most recent common ancestors of all the crop viruses were before inter-continental marine trade started after 1492 CE, whereas all the crown clusters of the phylogenies are from after that date. The non-crop virus datasets are genetically more diverse than those of the crop viruses, and Tajima's D analyses showed that their populations were contracting, and only one of the crop viruses had a significantly expanding population. dN/dS analyses showed that most of the genes and codons in all the viruses were under significant negative selection, and the few that were under significant positive selection were mostly in the PIPO-encoding region of the P3 protein, or the PIPO protein itself. Interestingly, more positively selected codons were found in non-crop than in crop viruses, and, as the hosts of the former were taxonomically more diverse than the latter, this may indicate that the positively selected codons are involved in host range determination; AlphaFold3 modelling was used to investigate this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hajizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Karima Ben Mansour
- Ecology, Diagnostics and Genetic Resources of Agriculturally Important Viruses, Fungi and Phytoplasmas, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adrian J. Gibbs
- Emeritus Faculty, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Alabi OJ, Stevens K, Oladokun JO, Villegas C, Hwang MS, Al Rwahnih M, Tian T, Hernandez I, Ouro-Djobo A, Sétamou M, Jifon JL. Discovery and Characterization of Two Highly Divergent Variants of a Novel Potyvirus Species Infecting Madagascar Periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus). PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2494-2502. [PMID: 38568788 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-24-0459-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
During the summer of 2022, a cluster of Madagascar periwinkle plants with white and mauve flowers were observed with foliar mild yellow mosaic symptoms on a private property in Harlingen, Cameron County, Texas. The symptoms were reproduced on mechanically inoculated periwinkle and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Virions of 776 to 849 nm in length and 11.7 to 14.8 nm in width were observed in transmission electron microscopy of leaf dip preparations made from symptomatic periwinkle leaves. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis of total RNA extracts from symptomatic leaves revealed the occurrence of two highly divergent variants of a novel Potyvirus species as the only virus-like sequences present in the sample. The complete genomes of both variants were independently amplified via reverse transcriptase PCR, cloned, and Sanger sequenced. The 5' and 3' of the genomes were acquired using random amplification of cDNA ends methodology. The assembled virus genomes were 9,936 and 9,944 nucleotides (nt) long, and they shared 99.9 to 100% identities with the respective HTS-derived genomes. Each genome encoded hypothetical polyprotein of 3,171 amino acids (aa) (362.6 kilodaltons [kDa]) and 3,173 aa (362.7 kDa), respectively, and they shared 77.3/84.4% nt/aa polyprotein identities, indicating that they represent highly divergent variants of the same Potyvirus species. Both genomes also shared below-species-threshold polyprotein identity levels with the most closely phylogenetically related known potyviruses, thus indicating that they belong to a novel species. The name periwinkle mild yellow mosaic virus (PwMYMV) is given to the potyvirus with complete genomes of 9,936 nt for variant 1 (PwMYMV-1) and 9,944 nt for variant 2 (PwMYMV-2). We propose that PwMYMV be assigned into the genus Potyvirus (family Potyviridae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi J Alabi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX 78596
| | - Kristian Stevens
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - John O Oladokun
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX 78596
| | - Cecilia Villegas
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX 78596
| | - Min Sook Hwang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Tongyan Tian
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA 95832
| | - Isaias Hernandez
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539
| | - Ashrafou Ouro-Djobo
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX 78596
| | - Mamoudou Sétamou
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco, TX 78599
| | - John L Jifon
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX 78596
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19
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Park JS, Min DJ, Park TS, Shin YS, Hong JS. Investigation of Tissue-Specific Distribution and Genetic Variation of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus and Chinese Artichoke Mosaic Virus in Chinese Artichoke (Stachys affinis miq.). THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 40:390-398. [PMID: 39117337 PMCID: PMC11309844 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2024.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The Chinese artichoke (Stachys affinis syn. S. sieboldii) is a widely cultivated crop, and its rhizome is used as a medicinal vegetable. To investigate the causes of viral diseases in Chinese artichokes, the infection rates of four virus species infecting Chinese artichoke were investigated. Since the Chinese artichoke propagates through its tuber, this study aimed to determine whether viral transmission to the progeny is possible through the tuber, by identifying the virus present in the tuber and investigating its accumulation. First, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to detect viruses using total RNA extracted from the flowers, leaves, and tubers of Chinese artichoke plants. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Chinese artichoke mosaic virus (ChAMV) had high infectivity in Chinese artichoke and most plants were simultaneously infected with AMV and ChAMV. These viruses were present in all tissues, but their detection frequency and accumulation rates varied across different tissues of the Chinese artichoke. Also, we sequenced the coat protein (CP) genes of AMV and ChAMV to investigate genetic variations of virus between the leaf and tuber. It provides information on CP gene sequences and genetic diversity of isolates identified from new hosts of AMV and ChAMV. This study offers valuable insights into the distribution and spread of the ChAMV and AMV within Chinese artichoke plants, which have implications for the management and control of viral infections in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Soo Park
- Department of Plant Medicine, Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Dong-Joo Min
- Department of Plant Medicine, Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Tae-Seon Park
- Department of Plant Medicine, Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - You-Seop Shin
- Department of Plant Medicine, Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Hong
- Department of Plant Medicine, Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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20
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Peng Q, Jiao B, Cheng Y, Yuan B, Zhou J, Cai J, Jiang N, Lin H, Xi D. NtG3BPL1 confers resistance to chilli veinal mottle virus through promoting the degradation of 6K2 in tobacco. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:720-734. [PMID: 38713838 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The RNA regulatory network is a complex and dynamic regulation in plant cells involved in mRNA modification, translation, and degradation. Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP) is a scaffold protein for the assembly of stress granules (SGs) and is considered an antiviral component in mammals. However, the function of G3BP during virus infection in plants is still largely unknown. In this study, four members of the G3BP-like proteins (NtG3BPLs) were identified in Nicotiana tabacum and the expression levels of NtG3BPL1 were upregulated during chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) infection. NtG3BPL1 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, forming cytoplasmic granules under transient high-temperature treatment, whereas the abundance of cytoplasmic granules was decreased under ChiVMV infection. Overexpression of NtG3BPL1 inhibited ChiVMV infection and delayed the onset of symptoms, whereas knockout of NtG3BPL1 promoted ChiVMV infection. In addition, NtG3BPL1 directly interacted with ChiVMV 6K2 protein, whereas 6K2 protein had no effect on NtG3BPL1-derived cytoplasmic granules. Further studies revealed that the expression of NtG3BPL1 reduced the chloroplast localization of 6K2-GFP and the NtG3BPL1-6K2 interaction complex was localized in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, NtG3BPL1 promoted the degradation of 6K2 through autophagy pathway, and the accumulation of 6K2 and ChiVMV was affected by autophagy activation or inhibition in plants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NtG3BPL1 plays a positive role in tobacco resistance against ChiVMV infection, revealing a novel mechanism of plant G3BP in antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiding Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Bolei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yongchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jingya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jingliu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Agronomic Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Dehui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
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21
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Szydło W, Wosula EN, Knoell E, Hein GL, Mondal S, Tatineni S. Helper Component-Proteinase of Triticum Mosaic Virus Is a Viral Determinant of Wheat Curl Mite Transmission. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1672-1679. [PMID: 38579745 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-24-0073-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV; genus Poacevirus; family Potyviridae) is an economically important virus in the Great Plains region of the United States. TriMV is transmitted by the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella) Type 2 genotype but not by Type 1. Helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) is a vector transmission determinant for several potyvirids, but the role of HC-Pro in TriMV transmission is unknown. In this study, we examined the requirement of the HC-Pro cistron of TriMV for wheat curl mite (Type 2) transmission through deletion and point mutations and constructing TriMV chimeras with heterologous HC-Pros from other potyvirids. TriMV with complete deletion of HC-Pro failed to be transmitted by wheat curl mites at detectable levels. Furthermore, TriMV chimeras with heterologous HC-Pros from aphid-transmitted turnip mosaic virus and tobacco etch virus, or wheat curl mite-transmitted wheat streak mosaic virus, failed to be transmitted by wheat curl mites. These data suggest that heterologous HC-Pros did not complement TriMV for wheat curl mite transmission. A decreasing series of progressive nested in-frame deletions at the N-terminal region of HC-Pro comprising amino acids 3 to 125, 3 to 50, 3 to 25, 3 to 15, 3 to 8, and 3 and 4 abolished TriMV transmission by wheat curl mites. Additionally, mutation of conserved His20, Cys49, or Cys52 to Ala in HC-Pro abolished TriMV transmissibility by wheat curl mites. These data suggest that the N-terminal region of HC-Pro is crucial for TriMV transmission by wheat curl mites. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the HC-Pro cistron of TriMV is a viral determinant for wheat curl mite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Szydło
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, U.S.A
- Center for Advanced Technology and Population Ecology Lab, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Everlyne N Wosula
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, U.S.A
| | - Elliot Knoell
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, U.S.A
| | - Gary L Hein
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, U.S.A
| | - Shaonpius Mondal
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, U.S.A
| | - Satyanarayana Tatineni
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
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22
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Xie J, Fei X, Yan Q, Jiang T, Li Z, Chen H, Wang B, Chao Q, He Y, Fan Z, Wang L, Wang M, Shi L, Zhou T. The C4 photosynthesis bifunctional enzymes, PDRPs, of maize are co-opted to cytoplasmic viral replication complexes to promote infection of a prevalent potyvirus sugarcane mosaic virus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1812-1832. [PMID: 38339894 PMCID: PMC11182595 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In maize, two pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) regulatory proteins, ZmPDRP1 and ZmPDRP2, are respectively specific to the chloroplast of mesophyll cells (MCs) and bundle sheath cells (BSCs). Functionally, ZmPDRP1/2 catalyse both phosphorylation/inactivation and dephosphorylation/activation of ZmPPDK, which is implicated as a major rate-limiting enzyme in C4 photosynthesis of maize. Our study here showed that maize plants lacking ZmPDRP1 or silencing of ZmPDRP1/2 confer resistance to a prevalent potyvirus sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). We verified that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of ZmPDRP1 plays a key role in promoting viral infection while independent of enzyme activity. Intriguingly, ZmPDRP1 and ZmPDRP2 re-localize to cytoplasmic viral replication complexes (VRCs) following SCMV infection. We identified that SCMV-encoded cytoplasmic inclusions protein CI targets directly ZmPDRP1 or ZmPDRP2 or their CTDs, leading to their re-localization to cytoplasmic VRCs. Moreover, we found that CI could be degraded by the 26S proteasome system, while ZmPDRP1 and ZmPDRP2 could up-regulate the accumulation level of CI through their CTDs by a yet unknown mechanism. Most importantly, with genetic, cell biological and biochemical approaches, we provide evidence that BSCs-specific ZmPDRP2 could accumulate in MCs of Zmpdrp1 knockout (KO) lines, revealing a unique regulatory mechanism crossing different cell types to maintain balanced ZmPPDK phosphorylation, thereby to keep maize normal growth. Together, our findings uncover the genetic link of the two cell-specific maize PDRPs, both of which are co-opted to VRCs to promote viral protein accumulation for robust virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio‐breeding and Department of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohong Fei
- Longping Agriculture Science Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Qin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio‐breeding and Department of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio‐breeding and Department of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio‐breeding and Department of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio‐breeding and Department of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Baichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qing Chao
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yueqiu He
- College of AgronomyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio‐breeding and Department of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lijin Wang
- Longping Agriculture Science Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Meng Wang
- Longping Agriculture Science Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Liang Shi
- Longping Agriculture Science Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio‐breeding and Department of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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23
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Sun Z, Wu YX, Liu LZ, Tian YP, Li XD, Geng C. P3N-PIPO but not P3 is the avirulence determinant in melon carrying the Wmr resistance against watermelon mosaic virus, although they contain a common genetic determinant. J Virol 2024; 98:e0050724. [PMID: 38775482 PMCID: PMC11237411 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00507-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses employ a series of diverse translational strategies to expand their coding capacity, which produces viral proteins with common domains and entangles virus-host interactions. P3N-PIPO, which is a transcriptional slippage product from the P3 cistron, is a potyviral protein dedicated to intercellular movement. Here, we show that P3N-PIPO from watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) triggers cell death when transiently expressed in Cucumis melo accession PI 414723 carrying the Wmr resistance gene. Surprisingly, expression of the P3N domain, shared by both P3N-PIPO and P3, can alone induce cell death, whereas expression of P3 fails to activate cell death in PI 414723. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that P3N-PIPO targets plasmodesmata (PD) and P3N associates with PD, while P3 localizes in endoplasmic reticulum in melon cells. We also found that mutations in residues L35, L38, P41, and I43 of the P3N domain individually disrupt the cell death induced by P3N-PIPO, but do not affect the PD localization of P3N-PIPO. Furthermore, WMV mutants with L35A or I43A can systemically infect PI 414723 plants. These key residues guide us to discover some WMV isolates potentially breaking the Wmr resistance. Through searching the NCBI database, we discovered some WMV isolates with variations in these key sites, and one naturally occurring I43V variation enables WMV to systemically infect PI 414723 plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that P3N-PIPO, but not P3, is the avirulence determinant recognized by Wmr, although the shared N terminal P3N domain can alone trigger cell death.IMPORTANCEThis work reveals a novel viral avirulence (Avr) gene recognized by a resistance (R) gene. This novel viral Avr gene is special because it is a transcriptional slippage product from another virus gene, which means that their encoding proteins share the common N-terminal domain but have distinct C-terminal domains. Amazingly, we found that it is the common N-terminal domain that determines the Avr-R recognition, but only one of the viral proteins can be recognized by the R protein to induce cell death. Next, we found that these two viral proteins target different subcellular compartments. In addition, we discovered some virus isolates with variations in the common N-terminal domain and one naturally occurring variation that enables the virus to overcome the resistance. These results show how viral proteins with common domains interact with a host resistance protein and provide new evidence for the arms race between plants and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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24
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Kwon J, Hu R, Penicks AK, Zhang C, Wang Y, Lohry D, Fernandez EJ, Domier LL, Hajimorad MR. Replacement of P1 of soybean mosaic virus with P1 of clover yellow vein virus has no impact on virus viability and host specificity. Arch Virol 2024; 169:143. [PMID: 38864946 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Potyvirus genomes are expressed as polyproteins that are autocatalytically cleaved to produce 10 to 12 multifunctional proteins, among which P1 is the most variable. It has long been hypothesized that P1 plays role(s) in host adaptation and host specificity. We tested this hypothesis using two phylogenetically distinct potyviruses: soybean mosaic virus (SMV), with a narrow host range, and clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), with a broader host range. When the full-length P1 cistron of SMV-N was replaced with P1 from ClYVV-No.30, the chimera systemically infected only SMV-N-permissive hosts. Hence, there were no changes in the host range or host specificity of the chimeric viruses. Despite sharing only 20.3% amino acid sequence identity, predicted molecular models of P1 proteins from SMV-N and ClYVV-No.30 showed analogous topologies. These observations suggest that P1 of ClYVV-No.30 can functionally replace P1 of SMV-N. However, the P1 proteins of these two potyviruses are not determinants of host specificity and host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Kwon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- International Research Center for Agricultural & Environmental Biology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Rongbin Hu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Amanda K Penicks
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - David Lohry
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 39316, USA
| | - Elias J Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 39316, USA
| | - Leslie L Domier
- Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - M R Hajimorad
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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25
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Xue M, Sofer L, Simon V, Arvy N, Diop M, Lion R, Beucher G, Bordat A, Tilsner J, Gallois J, German‐Retana S. AtHVA22a, a plant-specific homologue of Reep/DP1/Yop1 family proteins is involved in turnip mosaic virus propagation. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13466. [PMID: 38767756 PMCID: PMC11104427 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The movement of potyviruses, the largest genus of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses responsible for serious diseases in crops, is very complex. As potyviruses developed strategies to hijack the host secretory pathway and plasmodesmata (PD) for their transport, the goal of this study was to identify membrane and/or PD-proteins that interact with the 6K2 protein, a potyviral protein involved in replication and cell-to-cell movement of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Using split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid assays, we screened an Arabidopsis cDNA library for interactors of TuMV6K2. We isolated AtHVA22a (Hordeum vulgare abscisic acid responsive gene 22), which belongs to a multigenic family of transmembrane proteins, homologous to Receptor expression-enhancing protein (Reep)/Deleted in polyposis (DP1)/Yop1 family proteins in animal and yeast. HVA22/DP1/Yop1 family genes are widely distributed in eukaryotes, but the role of HVA22 proteins in plants is still not well known, although proteomics analysis of PD fractions purified from Arabidopsis suspension cells showed that AtHVA22a is highly enriched in a PD proteome. We confirmed the interaction between TuMV6K2 and AtHVA22a in yeast, as well as in planta by using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and showed that TuMV6K2/AtHVA22a interaction occurs at the level of the viral replication compartment during TuMV infection. Finally, we showed that the propagation of TuMV is increased when AtHVA22a is overexpressed in planta but slowed down upon mutagenesis of AtHVA22a by CRISPR-Cas9. Altogether, our results indicate that AtHVA22a plays an agonistic effect on TuMV propagation and that the C-terminal tail of the protein is important in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuo Xue
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Luc Sofer
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Vincent Simon
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Nathalie Arvy
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Mamoudou Diop
- UR 1052, INRAe, GAFL Domaine St MauriceMontfavet CedexFrance
| | - Roxane Lion
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Guillaume Beucher
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Amandine Bordat
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Jens Tilsner
- Cell and Molecular SciencesJames Hutton InstituteDundeeUK
- Biomedical Sciences Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | | | - Sylvie German‐Retana
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
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26
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Lakshminarayana Reddy CN, Venkataravanappa V, Chowdappa A, Shridhar H, Mantesh M, Vinaykumar HD, Krishna Reddy M. Complete genome characterization of chilli veinal mottle virus associated with mosaic and mottling disease of tomato and development of LAMP assay for quick detection. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:139. [PMID: 38682094 PMCID: PMC11052978 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) is a potyvirus known to cause havoc in many solanaceous crops. Samples from tomato plants exhibiting typical mosaic and mottling symptoms in two locations from farmers' fields were collected and tested using DAC ELISA for the presence of ChiVMV and other viruses known to infect tomato. ChiVMV Gauribidanur isolate from infected tomato was mechanically inoculated to Datura metel, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana glutinosa, chilli, and tomato plants which exhibited systemic mosaic and mottling symptoms 10 days post-inoculation. This results were further confirmed by RT-PCR and DAC ELISA using CP gene-specific primers and ChiVMV antisera, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of long filamentous particles (800 × 11 nm) resembling viruses in the Potyviridae family. The complete genome of ChiVMV comprised 9716 nucleotides except for poly A tail, with a predicted open reading frame spanning 9270 nucleotides encoding polyproteins of 3089 amino acids. Comparative analysis revealed that ChiVMV-tomato isolates reported across the world shared maximum nucleotide identity (93-96.7%) with chilli isolates from India and Pakistan. These results were well supported by sequence demarcation analysis. Further, the Neibhor-Net network analysis of the complete genome of ChiVMV-tomato, along with other host isolates, formed a reticular network phylogenetic tree suggesting recombination events. Subsequently, RDP5 detected intra-specific recombination breakpoints at the positions 1656-5666 nucleotides with major parent ChiVMV (MN508960) Uravakonda and minor parent ChiVMV (MN508956) with a significant average p value of 1.905 × 10-22. The LAMP assay using ChiVMV-specific primers resulted in ladder-like amplified products on electrophoresed gel and a distinct red colour pattern with hydroxy naphthalene blue, indicating a positive reaction for the presence of ChiVMV in infected tomato samples. To validate LAMP-designed primers, RNA extracted from ChiVMV-infected tomato, chilli, datura, and tobacco samples were subjected to LAMP assay and it accurately detected the presence of ChiVMV in infected plant samples. Overall, this study provides holistic information of ChiVMV infecting tomato, spanning diagnosis, transmission, genetic characterization, and detection of recombination events, which collectively contribute to effective disease management, crop protection, and informed decision-making in agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. N. Lakshminarayana Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - V. Venkataravanappa
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, Karnataka 560089 India
| | - A. Chowdappa
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, Karnataka 560089 India
| | - H. Shridhar
- CSIR- North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
| | - M. Mantesh
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - H. D. Vinaykumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - M. Krishna Reddy
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, Karnataka 560089 India
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Wei C, Zhao C, Li J, Li C, Song B, Song R. Innovative Arylimidazole-Fused Phytovirucides via Carbene-Catalyzed [3+4] Cycloaddition: Locking Viral Cell-To-Cell Movement by Out-Competing Virus Capsid-Host Interactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309343. [PMID: 38477505 PMCID: PMC11109656 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The control of potato virus Y (PVY) induced crop failure is a challengeable issue in agricultural chemistry. Although many anti-PVY agents are designed to focus on the functionally important coat protein (CP) of virus, how these drugs act on CP to inactivate viral pathogenicity, remains largely unknown. Herein, a PVY CP inhibitor -3j (S) is disclosed, which is accessed by developing unusually efficient (up to 99% yield) and chemo-selective (> 99:1 er in most cases) carbene-catalyzed [3+4] cycloaddition reactions. Compound -3j bears a unique arylimidazole-fused diazepine skeleton and shows chirality-preferred performance against PVY. In addition, -3j (S) as a mediator allows ARG191 (R191) of CP to be identified as a key amino acid site responsible for intercellular movement of virions. R191 is further demonstrated to be critical for the interaction between PVY CP and the plant functional protein NtCPIP, enabling virions to cross plasmodesmata. This key step can be significantly inhibited through bonding with the -3j (S) to further impair pathogenic behaviors involving systemic infection and particle assembly. The study reveals the in-depth mechanism of action of antiviral agents targeting PVY CP, and contributes to new drug structures and synthetic strategies for PVY management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunle Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Chunni Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Jiao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Chunyi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Baoan Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Runjiang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green PesticideKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
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Hýsková V, Bělonožníková K, Chmelík J, Hoffmeisterová H, Čeřovská N, Moravec T, Ryšlavá H. Potyviral Helper-Component Protease: Multifaced Functions and Interactions with Host Proteins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1236. [PMID: 38732454 PMCID: PMC11085613 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The best-characterized functional motifs of the potyviral Helper-Component protease (HC-Pro) responding for aphid transmission, RNA silencing suppression, movement, symptom development, and replication are gathered in this review. The potential cellular protein targets of plant virus proteases remain largely unknown despite their multifunctionality. The HC-Pro catalytic domain, as a cysteine protease, autoproteolytically cleaves the potyviral polyproteins in the sequence motif YXVG/G and is not expected to act on host targets; however, 146 plant proteins in the Viridiplantae clade containing this motif were searched in the UniProtKB database and are discussed. On the other hand, more than 20 interactions within the entire HC-Pro structure are known. Most of these interactions with host targets (such as the 20S proteasome, methyltransferase, transcription factor eIF4E, and microtubule-associated protein HIP2) modulate the cellular environments for the benefit of virus accumulation or contribute to symptom severity (interactions with MinD, Rubisco, ferredoxin) or participate in the suppression of RNA silencing (host protein VARICOSE, calmodulin-like protein). On the contrary, the interaction of HC-Pro with triacylglycerol lipase, calreticulin, and violaxanthin deepoxidase seems to be beneficial for the host plant. The strength of these interactions between HC-Pro and the corresponding host protein vary with the plant species. Therefore, these interactions may explain the species-specific sensitivity to potyviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hýsková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (K.B.); or (J.C.)
| | - Kateřina Bělonožníková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (K.B.); or (J.C.)
| | - Josef Chmelík
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (K.B.); or (J.C.)
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hoffmeisterová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.H.); (N.Č.); (T.M.)
| | - Noemi Čeřovská
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.H.); (N.Č.); (T.M.)
| | - Tomáš Moravec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.H.); (N.Č.); (T.M.)
| | - Helena Ryšlavá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (K.B.); or (J.C.)
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Yuan W, Chen X, Du K, Jiang T, Li M, Cao Y, Li X, Doehlemann G, Fan Z, Zhou T. NIa-Pro of sugarcane mosaic virus targets Corn Cysteine Protease 1 (CCP1) to undermine salicylic acid-mediated defense in maize. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012086. [PMID: 38484013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) play pivotal roles in plant defense against pathogen invasions. While pathogens can secrete effectors to target and inhibit PLCP activities, the roles of PLCPs in plant-virus interactions and the mechanisms through which viruses neutralize PLCP activities remain largely uncharted. Here, we demonstrate that the expression and activity of a maize PLCP CCP1 (Corn Cysteine Protease), is upregulated following sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection. Transient silencing of CCP1 led to a reduction in PLCP activities, thereby promoting SCMV infection in maize. Furthermore, the knockdown of CCP1 resulted in diminished salicylic acid (SA) levels and suppressed expression of SA-responsive pathogenesis-related genes. This suggests that CCP1 plays a role in modulating the SA signaling pathway. Interestingly, NIa-Pro, the primary protease of SCMV, was found to interact with CCP1, subsequently inhibiting its protease activity. A specific motif within NIa-Pro termed the inhibitor motif was identified as essential for its interaction with CCP1 and the suppression of its activity. We have also discovered that the key amino acids responsible for the interaction between NIa-Pro and CCP1 are crucial for the virulence of SCMV. In conclusion, our findings offer compelling evidence that SCMV undermines maize defense mechanisms through the interaction of NIa-Pro with CCP1. Together, these findings shed a new light on the mechanism(s) controlling the arms races between virus and plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaitong Du
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyong Cao
- Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Gunther Doehlemann
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Qin L, Liu H, Liu P, Jiang L, Cheng X, Li F, Shen W, Qiu W, Dai Z, Cui H. Rubisco small subunit (RbCS) is co-opted by potyvirids as the scaffold protein in assembling a complex for viral intercellular movement. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012064. [PMID: 38437247 PMCID: PMC10939294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses must move through plasmodesmata (PD) to complete their life cycles. For viruses in the Potyviridae family (potyvirids), three viral factors (P3N-PIPO, CI, and CP) and few host proteins are known to participate in this event. Nevertheless, not all the proteins engaging in the cell-to-cell movement of potyvirids have been discovered. Here, we found that HCPro2 encoded by areca palm necrotic ring spot virus (ANRSV) assists viral intercellular movement, which could be functionally complemented by its counterpart HCPro from a potyvirus. Affinity purification and mass spectrometry identified several viral factors (including CI and CP) and host proteins that are physically associated with HCPro2. We demonstrated that HCPro2 interacts with both CI and CP in planta in forming PD-localized complexes during viral infection. Further, we screened HCPro2-associating host proteins, and identified a common host protein in Nicotiana benthamiana-Rubisco small subunit (NbRbCS) that mediates the interactions of HCPro2 with CI or CP, and CI with CP. Knockdown of NbRbCS impairs these interactions, and significantly attenuates the intercellular and systemic movement of ANRSV and three other potyvirids (turnip mosaic virus, pepper veinal mottle virus, and telosma mosaic virus). This study indicates that a nucleus-encoded chloroplast-targeted protein is hijacked by potyvirids as the scaffold protein to assemble a complex to facilitate viral movement across cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) and School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) and School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Peilan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) and School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) and School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Wenping Qiu
- Center for Grapevine Biotechnology, William H. Darr College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, United States of America
| | - Zhaoji Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) and School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) and School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Fang L, Geng C, Wei XY, Dong CC, Pang JP, Yan ZY, Jiang J, Tian YP, Li XD. Potato virus Y viral protein 6K1 inhibits the interaction between defense proteins during virus infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1447-1466. [PMID: 37962935 PMCID: PMC10904343 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play vital roles in plant defense against various pathogen invasions. To date, how 14-3-3 affects virus infections in plants remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that Nicotiana benthamiana 14-3-3h interacts with TRANSLATIONALLY CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN (TCTP), a susceptibility factor of potato virus Y (PVY). Silencing of Nb14-3-3h facilitates PVY accumulation, whereas overexpression of Nb14-3-3h inhibits PVY replication. The antiviral activities of 3 Nb14-3-3h dimerization defective mutants are significantly decreased, indicating that dimerization of Nb14-3-3h is indispensable for restricting PVY infection. Our results also showed that the mutant Nb14-3-3hE16A, which is capable of dimerizing but not interacting with NbTCTP, has reduced anti-PVY activity; the mutant NbTCTPI65A, which is unable to interact with Nb14-3-3h, facilitates PVY replication compared with the wild-type NbTCTP, indicating that dimeric Nb14-3-3h restricts PVY infection by interacting with NbTCTP and preventing its proviral function. As a counter-defense, PVY 6K1 interferes with the interaction between Nb14-3-3h and NbTCTP by competitively binding to Nb14-3-3h and rescues NbTCTP to promote PVY infection. Our results provide insights into the arms race between plants and potyviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Fang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250131, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chen-Chen Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ju-Ping Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250131, China
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Rahman MM, Jarugula S, Bagewadi B, Fayad A, Karasev AV, Naidu RA. Characterization of a New, Country Bean ( Lablab purpureus) Lineage of Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:434-441. [PMID: 37709726 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0822-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Country bean (Lablab purpureus, family Fabaceae) is grown in subsistence agriculture in Bangladesh as a multipurpose crop for food, animal feed, and green manure. This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic diversity of bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) in country beans. Leaf samples from country beans showing yellowing, vein banding, and mosaic symptoms were collected during field surveys between 2015 and 2019 cropping seasons from farmers' fields in different geographic regions. These samples were tested by serological and molecular diagnostic assays for the presence of BCMNV. Virus-positive samples were subjected to high-throughput Illumina sequencing to generate near-complete genomes of BCMNV isolates. In pairwise comparisons, the polyprotein sequences of BCMNV isolates from Bangladesh showed greater than 98% identities among themselves and shared less than 84% sequence identity at the nucleotide level with virus isolates reported from other countries. In the phylogenetic analysis, BCMNV isolates from Bangladeshi country beans formed a separate clade from virus isolates reported from common beans in other countries in the Americas, Africa, Europe, and from East Timor. Grow-out studies showed seed-to-seedling transmission of BCMNV, implying a possible seedborne nature of the virus in country beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Rahman
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
| | - Sridhar Jarugula
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
| | - Basavaraj Bagewadi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Amer Fayad
- Center for International Research, Education, and Development, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A
| | - Alexander V Karasev
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, U.S.A
| | - Rayapati A Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
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Normantovich M, Amitzur A, Offri S, Pashkovsky E, Shnaider Y, Nizan S, Yogev O, Jacob A, Taylor CG, Desbiez C, Whitham SA, Bar-Ziv A, Perl-Treves R. The melon Fom-1-Prv resistance gene pair: Correlated spatial expression and interaction with a viral protein. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e565. [PMID: 38389929 PMCID: PMC10883720 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The head-to-head oriented pair of melon resistance genes, Fom-1 and Prv, control resistance to Fusarium oxysporum races 0 and 2 and papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), respectively. They encode, via several RNA splice variants, TIR-NBS-LRR proteins, and Prv has a C-terminal extra domain with a second NBS homologous sequence. In other systems, paired R-proteins were shown to operate by "labor division," with one protein having an extra integrated domain that directly binds the pathogen's Avr factor, and the second protein executing the defense response. We report that the expression of the two genes in two pairs of near-isogenic lines was higher in the resistant isoline and inducible by F. oxysporum race 2 but not by PRSV. The intergenic DNA region separating the coding sequences of the two genes acted as a bi-directional promoter and drove GUS expression in transgenic melon roots and transgenic tobacco plants. Expression of both genes was strong in melon root tips, around the root vascular cylinder, and the phloem and xylem parenchyma of tobacco stems and petioles. The pattern of GUS expression suggests coordinated expression of the two genes. In agreement with the above model, Prv's extra domain was shown to interact with the cylindrical inclusion protein of PRSV both in yeast cells and in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Normantovich
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Arie Amitzur
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Sharon Offri
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Ekaterina Pashkovsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Yula Shnaider
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Shahar Nizan
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Ohad Yogev
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Avi Jacob
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | | | | | - Steven A Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
| | - Amalia Bar-Ziv
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Rafael Perl-Treves
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
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Wang M, Su X, Zhang F, Wang T, Zheng K, Zhang Z. Complete genome sequence of polygonatum kingianum mottle virus infecting Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl in Yunnan, China. Arch Virol 2024; 169:39. [PMID: 38300368 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a putative novel potyvirus, tentatively named "polygonatum kingianum mottle virus" (PKgMV; GenBank accession no. ON428226), infecting Polygonatum kingianum in China, was obtained by next-generation sequencing (NGS), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). PKgMV exhibits the typical genome organization and characteristics of members of the genus Potyvirus, with a length of 10,002 nucleotides (nt) and a large open reading frame (nt 108 to 9,746) encoding a polyprotein of 3,212 amino acids (aa) (363.68 kDa). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the PKgMV polyprotein shares 50.5-68.6% nt and 43.1-72.2% aa sequence identity with reported members of the genus Potyvirus. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis indicated that PKgMV is closely related to polygonatum kingianum virus 1 (PKgV1; accession no. MK427056). These results suggest that the PKgMV is a novel member of the genus Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosen Wang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, P. R. China
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, P. R. China
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, P. R. China
| | - Kuanyu Zheng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongkai Zhang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, P. R. China.
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35
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Butkovic A, Ellis TJ, Gonzalez R, Jaegle B, Nordborg M, Elena SF. Genetic basis of Arabidopsis thaliana responses to infection by naïve and adapted isolates of turnip mosaic virus. eLife 2024; 12:RP89749. [PMID: 38240739 PMCID: PMC10945600 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses account for enormous agricultural losses worldwide, and the most effective way to combat them is to identify genetic material conferring plant resistance to these pathogens. Aiming to identify genetic associations with responses to infection, we screened a large panel of Arabidopsis thaliana natural inbred lines for four disease-related traits caused by infection by A. thaliana-naïve and -adapted isolates of the natural pathogen turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). We detected a strong, replicable association in a 1.5 Mb region on chromosome 2 with a 10-fold increase in relative risk of systemic necrosis. The region contains several plausible causal genes as well as abundant structural variation, including an insertion of a Copia transposon into a Toll/interleukin receptor (TIR-NBS-LRR) coding for a gene involved in defense, that could be either a driver or a consequence of the disease-resistance locus. When inoculated with TuMV, loss-of-function mutant plants of this gene exhibited different symptoms than wild-type plants. The direction and severity of symptom differences depended on the adaptation history of the virus. This increase in symptom severity was specific for infections with the adapted isolate. Necrosis-associated alleles are found worldwide, and their distribution is consistent with a trade-off between resistance during viral outbreaks and a cost of resistance otherwise, leading to negative frequency-dependent selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Butkovic
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SysBio), CSIC-Universitat de València, Parc Científic UVValènciaSpain
| | - Thomas James Ellis
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Doktor-Bohr-GasseViennaAustria
| | - Ruben Gonzalez
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SysBio), CSIC-Universitat de València, Parc Científic UVValènciaSpain
| | - Benjamin Jaegle
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Doktor-Bohr-GasseViennaAustria
| | - Magnus Nordborg
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Doktor-Bohr-GasseViennaAustria
| | - Santiago F Elena
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SysBio), CSIC-Universitat de València, Parc Científic UVValènciaSpain
- The Santa Fe InstituteSanta FeUnited States
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Tatineni S, Alexander J, Kovacs F. The HC-Pro cistron of Triticum mosaic virus is dispensable for systemic infection in wheat but is required for symptom phenotype and efficient genome amplification. Virus Res 2024; 339:199277. [PMID: 38008221 PMCID: PMC10730876 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), the type species of the genus Poacevirus in the family Potyviridae, is an economically important wheat curl mite-transmitted wheat-infecting virus in the Great Plains region of the USA. In this study, the functional genomics of helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) encoded by TriMV was examined using a reverse genetics approach. TriMV with complete deletion of HC-Pro cistron elicited systemic infection in wheat, indicating that HC-Pro cistron is dispensable for TriMV systemic infection. However, TriMV lacking HC-Pro caused delayed systemic infection with mild symptoms that resulted in little or no stunting of plants with a significant reduction in the accumulation of genomic RNA copies and coat protein (CP). Sequential deletion mutagenesis from the 5' end of HC-Pro cistron in the TriMV genome revealed that deletions within amino acids 3 to 25, except for amino acids 3 and 4, elicited mild symptoms with reduced accumulation of genomic RNA and CP. Surprisingly, TriMV with deletion of amino acids 3 to 50 or 3 to 125 in HC-Pro elicited severe symptoms with a substantial increase in genomic RNA copies but a drastic reduction in CP accumulation. Additionally, TriMV with heterologous HC-Pro from other potyvirids produced symptom phenotype and genomic RNA accumulation similar to that of TriMV without HC-Pro, suggesting that HC-Pros of other potyvirids were not effective in complementing TriMV in wheat. Our data indicate that HC-Pro is expendable for replication of TriMV but is required for efficient viral genomic RNA amplification and symptom development. The availability of TriMV with various deletions in the HC-Pro cistron will facilitate the examination of the requirement of HC-Pro for wheat curl mite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Tatineni
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Alexander
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Frank Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
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Kim WJ, Kim W, Kim Y, Cheong H, Kim SJ. Coordinated recruitment of conserved defense-signaling pathways in PVY O-Infected Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2252972. [PMID: 37655790 PMCID: PMC10478736 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2252972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is an aphid-transmitted potyvirus that affects economically important solanaceous species. In this study, the phenomena and mechanisms following infection with PVY were investigated in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). In tobacco plants, infection with a mild strain of PVY (PVYO) induced stunted growth in the first two leaves at the shoot apex starting 7 days post-infection (dpi), and mosaic symptoms began to appear on newly developing young leaves at 14 dpi. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ultrastructure analysis, we confirmed that viral particles accumulated only in the upper developing leaves of infected plants. We analyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in leaves from the bottom to the top of the plants to investigate whether delayed symptom development in leaves was associated with a defense response to the virus. In addition, the ultrastructural analysis confirmed the increase of ATG4 and ATG8, which are autophagy markers by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the expression of genes involved in viral RNA suppression. Overall, our results suggested that viral RNA silencing and induced autophagy may play a role in the inhibition of viral symptom development in host plants in response to PVYO infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoon Kim
- Plant Cell Research Institute of BIO-FD&C, Co., Ltd., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonsook Cheong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Kim
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Well-Aging Medicare, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Xue M, Arvy N, German‐Retana S. The mystery remains: How do potyviruses move within and between cells? MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1560-1574. [PMID: 37571979 PMCID: PMC10632792 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Potyvirus is considered as the largest among plant single-stranded (positive-sense) RNA viruses, causing considerable economic damage to vegetable and fruit crops worldwide. Through the coordinated action of four viral proteins and a few identified host factors, potyviruses exploit the endomembrane system of infected cells for their replication and for their intra- and intercellular movement to and through plasmodesmata (PDs). Although a significant amount of data concerning potyvirus movement has been published, no synthetic review compiling and integrating all information relevant to our current understanding of potyvirus transport is available. In this review, we highlight the complexity of potyvirus movement pathways and present three potential nonexclusive mechanisms based on (1) the use of the host endomembrane system to produce membranous replication vesicles that are targeted to PDs and move from cell to cell, (2) the movement of extracellular viral vesicles in the apoplasm, and (3) the transport of virion particles or ribonucleoprotein complexes through PDs. We also present and discuss experimental data supporting these different models as well as the aspects that still remain mostly speculative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuo Xue
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du fruit et PathologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Nathalie Arvy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du fruit et PathologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Sylvie German‐Retana
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du fruit et PathologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
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Ji C, Zhou J, Yang D, Yuan B, Tang R, Liu Y, Xi D. ATG8f Interacts with Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus 6K2 Protein to Limit Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:2324. [PMID: 38140565 PMCID: PMC10747504 DOI: 10.3390/v15122324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, as a conserved protein degradation pathway in plants, has also been reported to be intricately associated with antiviral defense mechanisms. However, the relationship between chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) and autophagy has not been investigated in the existing research. Here, we reveal that ChiVMV infection caused the accumulation of autophagosomes in infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and the upregulation of autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Moreover, the changes in gene expression were correlated with the development of symptoms. Treatment with autophagy inhibitors (3-MA or E-64D) could increase the infection sites and facilitate virus infection, whereas treatment with the autophagy activator (Rapamycin) limited virus infection. Then, ATG8f was identified to interact with ChiVMV 6K2 protein directly in vitro and in vivo. The silencing of ATG8f promoted virus infection, whereas the overexpression of ATG8f inhibited virus infection. Furthermore, the expression of 6K2-GFP in ATG8f- or ATG7-silenced plants was significantly higher than that in control plants. Rapamycin treatment reduced the accumulation of 6K2-GFP in plant cells, whereas treatment with the inhibitor of the ubiquitin pathway (MG132), 3-MA, or E-64D displayed little impact on the accumulation of 6K2-GFP. Thus, our results demonstrated that ATG8f interacts with the ChiVMV 6K2 protein, promoting the degradation of 6K2 through the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.J.)
| | - Jingya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.J.)
| | - Daoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.J.)
| | - Bowen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.J.)
| | - Rongxia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.J.)
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Dehui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.J.)
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Mäkinen K, Aspelin W, Pollari M, Wang L. How do they do it? The infection biology of potyviruses. Adv Virus Res 2023; 117:1-79. [PMID: 37832990 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Mäkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - William Aspelin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Pollari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Xu S, Tian P, Jiang Z, Chen X, Li B, Sun J, Zhang Z. Transcriptome analysis of two tobacco varieties with contrast resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in response to PVY M SN R infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1213494. [PMID: 37701805 PMCID: PMC10493397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1213494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematode (RKN) disease is a major disease of tobacco worldwide, which seriously hinders the improvement of tobacco yield and quality. Obvious veinal necrosis-hypersensitive responses are observed only in RKN-resistant lines infected by Potyvirus Y (PVY) MSNR, making this an effective approach to screen for RKN-resistant tobacco. RNA-seq analysis, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and functional enrichment analysis were conducted to gain insight into the transcription dynamics difference between G28 (RKN-resistant) and CBH (RKN-susceptible) varieties infected with PVY MSNR. Results showed that a total of 7900, 10576, 9921, 11530 and 12531 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two varieties at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d after infection, respectively. DEGs were associated with plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis-related metabolic pathways. Additional DEGs related to starch and sucrose metabolism, energy production, and the indole-3-acetic acid signaling pathway were induced in CBH plants after infection. DEGs related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid signaling pathway were induced in G28 after infection. Our findings reveal DEGs that may contribute to differences in PVY MSNR resistance among tobacco varieties. These results help us to understand the differences in transcriptional dynamics and metabolic processes between RKN-resistant and RKN-susceptible varieties involved in tobacco-PVY MSNR interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiao Xu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Tian
- China Tobacco Jiangsu Industry Co, Ltd. Xuzhou Cigarette Factory, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jutao Sun
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
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42
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Lantos E, Krämer R, Richert-Pöggeler KR, Maiss E, König J, Nothnagel T. Host range and molecular and ultrastructural analyses of Asparagus virus 1 pathotypes isolated from garden asparagus Asparagus officinalis L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1187563. [PMID: 37600206 PMCID: PMC10433173 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1187563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Asparagus samples were examined from growing areas of Germany and selected European as well as North, Central and South American countries. Overall, 474 samples were analyzed for Asparagus virus 1 (AV1) using DAS-ELISA. In our survey, 19 AV1 isolates were further characterized. Experimental transmission to 11 species belonging to Aizoaceae, Amarantaceae, Asparagaceae, and Solanaceae succeeded. The ultrastructure of AV1 infection in asparagus has been revealed and has been compared with the one in indicator plants. The cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein, a core factor in viral replication, localized within the cytoplasm and in systemic infections adjacent to the plasmodesmata. The majority of isolates referred to pathotype I (PI). These triggered a hypersensitive resistance in inoculated leaves of Chenopodium spp. and were incapable of infecting Nicotiana spp. Only pathotype II (PII) and pathotype III (PIII) infected Nicotiana benthamiana systemically but differed in their virulence when transmitted to Chenopodium spp. The newly identified PIII generated amorphous inclusion bodies and degraded chloroplasts during systemic infection but not in local lesions of infected Chenopodium spp. PIII probably evolved via recombination in asparagus carrying a mixed infection by PI and PII. Phylogeny of the coat protein region recognized two clusters, which did not overlap with the CI-associated grouping of pathotypes. These results provide evidence for ongoing modular evolution of AV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Lantos
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute of Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Reiner Krämer
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute of Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Edgar Maiss
- Leibniz-University Hannover, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janine König
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute of Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Nothnagel
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute of Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Quedlinburg, Germany
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43
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Liu S, Han Y, Li WX, Ding SW. Infection Defects of RNA and DNA Viruses Induced by Antiviral RNA Interference. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0003522. [PMID: 37052496 PMCID: PMC10304667 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00035-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune recognition of viral genome-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules and their subsequent processing into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in plants, invertebrates, and mammals trigger specific antiviral immunity known as antiviral RNA interference (RNAi). Immune sensing of viral dsRNA is sequence-independent, and most regions of viral RNAs are targeted by virus-derived siRNAs which extensively overlap in sequence. Thus, the high mutation rates of viruses do not drive immune escape from antiviral RNAi, in contrast to other mechanisms involving specific virus recognition by host immune proteins such as antibodies and resistance (R) proteins in mammals and plants, respectively. Instead, viruses actively suppress antiviral RNAi at various key steps with a group of proteins known as viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs). Some VSRs are so effective in virus counter-defense that potent inhibition of virus infection by antiviral RNAi is undetectable unless the cognate VSR is rendered nonexpressing or nonfunctional. Since viral proteins are often multifunctional, resistance phenotypes of antiviral RNAi are accurately defined by those infection defects of VSR-deletion mutant viruses that are efficiently rescued by host deficiency in antiviral RNAi. Here, we review and discuss in vivo infection defects of VSR-deficient RNA and DNA viruses resulting from the actions of host antiviral RNAi in model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Yanhong Han
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wan-Xiang Li
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Shou-Wei Ding
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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Ding K, Jia Z, Rui P, Fang X, Zheng H, Chen J, Yan F, Wu G. Proteomics Identified UDP-Glycosyltransferase Family Members as Pro-Viral Factors for Turnip Mosaic Virus Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Viruses 2023; 15:1401. [PMID: 37376700 DOI: 10.3390/v15061401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses encounter numerous host factors that facilitate or suppress viral infection. Although some host factors manipulated by viruses were uncovered, we have limited knowledge of the pathways hijacked to promote viral replication and activate host defense responses. Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is one of the most prevalent viral pathogens in many regions of the world. Here, we employed an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics approach to characterize cellular protein changes in the early stages of infection of Nicotiana benthamiana by wild type and replication-defective TuMV. A total of 225 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified (182 increased and 43 decreased). Bioinformatics analysis showed that a few biological pathways were associated with TuMV infection. Four upregulated DAPs belonging to uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase (UGT) family members were validated by their mRNA expression profiles and their effects on TuMV infection. NbUGT91C1 or NbUGT74F1 knockdown impaired TuMV replication and increased reactive oxygen species production, whereas overexpression of either promoted TuMV replication. Overall, this comparative proteomics analysis delineates the cellular protein changes during early TuMV infection and provides new insights into the role of UGTs in the context of plant viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaida Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhaoxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Penghuan Rui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xinxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Tatineni S, Alexander J, Nunna H. 6K1, NIa-VPg, NIa-Pro, and CP of Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Are Collective Determinants of Wheat Streak Mosaic Disease in Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1115-1127. [PMID: 36537846 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0401-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV; genus Tritimovirus, family Potyviridae) is the causal agent of the most economically important wheat streak mosaic disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Great Plains region of the United States. WSMV determinants responsible for wheat streak mosaic disease in wheat are unknown. Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), a wheat-infecting virus, was used as an expression vector for the transient expression of each of the WSMV-encoded cistrons in wheat. WSMV-encoded 6K1, NIa-VPg, NIa-Pro, and CP cistrons in TriMV elicited symptoms specific to different stages of wheat streak mosaic disease without significantly affecting the genomic RNA accumulation. WSMV 6K1 produced early wheat streak mosaic disease-like symptoms of severe chlorotic streaks and patches. NIa-VPg and CP caused severe chlorotic streaks, followed by moderate stunting (only with NIa-VPg) of wheat, mimicking early- and mid-stage symptoms of wheat streak mosaic disease. WSMV NIa-Pro caused mild chlorotic streaks, followed by dark green leaves with severe stunting, representing the late symptoms of wheat streak mosaic disease. Collectively, these data suggest that cumulative effects of WSMV-encoded 6K1, NIa-VPg, NIa-Pro, and CP are responsible for different stages of wheat streak mosaic disease symptoms in wheat. Furthermore, deletion analysis of wheat streak mosaic disease determinants revealed that complete 6K1 and NIa-Pro, amino acids 3 to 60 and 121 to 197 of NIa-VPg, and amino acids 101 to 294 of CP are responsible for wheat streak mosaic disease-like symptoms in wheat. This study suggests that management strategies for wheat streak mosaic disease in wheat should target WSMV determinants of the disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Tatineni
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503
| | - Jeffrey Alexander
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Haritha Nunna
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503
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Lee YR, Siddique MI, Kim DS, Lee ES, Han K, Kim SG, Lee HE. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to confer turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) resistance in Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad078. [PMID: 37323233 PMCID: PMC10261878 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing approaches, particularly the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, are becoming state-of-the-art for trait development in numerous breeding programs. Significant advances in improving plant traits are enabled by this influential tool, especially for disease resistance, compared to traditional breeding. One of the potyviruses, the turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), is the most widespread and damaging virus that infects Brassica spp. worldwide. We generated the targeted mutation at the eIF(iso)4E gene in the TuMV-susceptible cultivar "Seoul" using CRISPR/Cas9 to develop TuMV-resistant Chinese cabbage. We detected several heritable indel mutations in the edited T0 plants and developed T1 through generational progression. It was indicated in the sequence analysis of the eIF(iso)4E-edited T1 plants that the mutations were transferred to succeeding generations. These edited T1 plants conferred resistance to TuMV. It was shown with ELISA analysis the lack of accumulation of viral particles. Furthermore, we found a strong negative correlation (r = -0.938) between TuMV resistance and the genome editing frequency of eIF(iso)4E. Consequently, it was revealed in this study that CRISPR/Cas9 technique can expedite the breeding process to improve traits in Chinese cabbage plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Rin Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Irfan Siddique
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Carolina State University Mountain Horticultural Crops Research, Extension Center 455 Research Drive, Mills River, NC 28759, USA
| | - Do-Sun Kim
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Su Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Koeun Han
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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47
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Togoobat B, Wu N, Wang X, Cao M, Xu Z. Viromic approach reveals differences in the composition, diversity and relative abundance of pumpkin viruses across main growing regions of China. Virology 2023; 585:61-71. [PMID: 37295338 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
China is the leading country for pumpkin production in the world. As other cucurbits, diseases caused by viruses are among the serious threats to pumpkin production, but our knowledge on the virus species infecting pumpkin plants is fragmentary. To understand the occurrence of viral diseases on pumpkin, we determined the geographical distribution characteristics, relative abundance and evolutionary relationship of pumpkin infected viruses by meta-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and viromic analysis of 159 samples exhibited typical viral symptoms collected across China in this study. Totally, 11 known and 3 new viruses were identified. Interestingly, 3 new viruses identified in this study should be positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus whose hosts are prokaryotes. The viruses identified in different sampling locations exhibit significant variations in term of virus species and relative abundance. Here, the results provide valuable information for understanding the virus species and their diversity in cultivated pumpkin across major growing regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batchimeg Togoobat
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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48
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Atabekova AK, Solovieva AD, Chergintsev DA, Solovyev AG, Morozov SY. Role of Plant Virus Movement Proteins in Suppression of Host RNAi Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109049. [PMID: 37240394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the systems of plant defense against viral infection is RNA silencing, or RNA interference (RNAi), in which small RNAs derived from viral genomic RNAs and/or mRNAs serve as guides to target an Argonaute nuclease (AGO) to virus-specific RNAs. Complementary base pairing between the small interfering RNA incorporated into the AGO-based protein complex and viral RNA results in the target cleavage or translational repression. As a counter-defensive strategy, viruses have evolved to acquire viral silencing suppressors (VSRs) to inhibit the host plant RNAi pathway. Plant virus VSR proteins use multiple mechanisms to inhibit silencing. VSRs are often multifunctional proteins that perform additional functions in the virus infection cycle, particularly, cell-to-cell movement, genome encapsidation, or replication. This paper summarizes the available data on the proteins with dual VSR/movement protein activity used by plant viruses of nine orders to override the protective silencing response and reviews the different molecular mechanisms employed by these proteins to suppress RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia K Atabekova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna D Solovieva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis A Chergintsev
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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49
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Jiang T, Du K, Xie J, Sun G, Wang P, Chen X, Cao Z, Wang B, Chao Q, Li X, Fan Z, Zhou T. Activated malate circulation contributes to the manifestation of light-dependent mosaic symptoms. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112333. [PMID: 37018076 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosaic symptoms are commonly observed in virus-infected plants. However, the underlying mechanism by which viruses cause mosaic symptoms as well as the key regulator(s) involved in this process remain unclear. Here, we investigate maize dwarf mosaic disease caused by sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). We find that the manifestation of mosaic symptoms in SCMV-infected maize plants requires light illumination and is correlated with mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (mROS) accumulation. The transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses results together with the genetic and cytopathological evidence indicate that malate and malate circulation pathways play essential roles in promoting mosaic symptom development. Specifically, at the pre-symptomatic infection stage or infection front, SCMV infection elevates the enzymatic activity of pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase by decreasing the phosphorylation of threonine527 under light, resulting in malate overproduction and subsequent mROS accumulation. Our findings indicate that activated malate circulation contributes to the manifestation of light-dependent mosaic symptoms via mROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaitong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jipeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Geng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Baichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qing Chao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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50
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Chase O, Javed A, Byrne MJ, Thuenemann EC, Lomonossoff GP, Ranson NA, López-Moya JJ. CryoEM and stability analysis of virus-like particles of potyvirus and ipomovirus infecting a common host. Commun Biol 2023; 6:433. [PMID: 37076658 PMCID: PMC10115852 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and Sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV) are members of the genera Potyvirus and Ipomovirus, family Potyviridae, sharing Ipomoea batatas as common host, but transmitted, respectively, by aphids and whiteflies. Virions of family members consist of flexuous rods with multiple copies of a single coat protein (CP) surrounding the RNA genome. Here we report the generation of virus-like particles (VLPs) by transient expression of the CPs of SPFMV and SPMMV in the presence of a replicating RNA in Nicotiana benthamiana. Analysis of the purified VLPs by cryo-electron microscopy, gave structures with resolutions of 2.6 and 3.0 Å, respectively, showing a similar left-handed helical arrangement of 8.8 CP subunits per turn with the C-terminus at the inner surface and a binding pocket for the encapsidated ssRNA. Despite their similar architecture, thermal stability studies reveal that SPMMV VLPs are more stable than those of SPFMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornela Chase
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abid Javed
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew J Byrne
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Electron Bio-Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Eva C Thuenemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Neil A Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Juan José López-Moya
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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