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Sarkar B, Rana N, Singh C, Singh A. Medicinal herbal remedies in neurodegenerative diseases: an update on antioxidant potential. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5483-5511. [PMID: 38472370 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
It has been widely documented that medicinal herbal remedies are effective, have fewer side effects than conventional medicine, and have a synergistic effect on health collaborations in the fight against complicated diseases. Traditional treatments for neurological problems in ancient times sometimes involved the use of herbal remedies and conventional methods from East Asian countries including India, Japan, China, and Korea. We collected and reviewed studies on plant-derived neuroprotective drugs and tested them in neurotoxic models. Basic research, preclinical and clinical transgene research can benefit from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations. Research, summaries of the extracts, fractions, and herbal ingredients were compiled from popular scientific databases, which were then examined according to origin and bioactivity. Given the complex and varied causes of neurodegeneration, it may be beneficial to focus on multiple mechanisms of action and a neuroprotection approach. This approach aims to prevent cell death and restore function to damaged neurons, offering promising strategies for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative illnesses can potentially be treated with natural compounds that have been identified as neuroprotective agents. To gain deeper insights into the neuropharmacological mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and therapeutic properties of naturally occurring antioxidant phytochemical compounds in diverse neurodegenerative diseases, this study aims to comprehensively review such compounds, focusing on their modulation of apoptotic markers such as caspase, Bax, Bcl-2, and proinflammatory markers. In addition, we delve into a range of efficacies of antioxidant phytochemical compounds as neuroprotective agents in animal models. They reduce the oxidative stress of the brain and have been shown to have anti-apoptotic effects. Many researches have demonstrated that plant extracts or bioactive compounds can fight neurodegenerative disorders. Herbal medications may offer neurodegenerative disease patients' new treatments. This may be a cheaper and more culturally appropriate alternative to standard drugs for millions of people with age-related NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Nitasha Rana
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras Campus, Distt. Tehri Garhwal, Srinagar, 249161, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India.
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2
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Zhao Z, Hu C, Li L, Zhang J, Zhang L. Main chemical constituents and mechanism of anti-tumor action of Solanum nigrum L. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7314. [PMID: 39155844 PMCID: PMC11331249 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Solanum nigrum L. (SNL) is a natural drugwith diverse bioactive components and multi-targeted anti-tumor effects, gaining increasing attention in clinical application. METHOD AND RESULTS This paper reviews the studies on SNL by searching academic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct,and Web of Science, among others), analyzing its chemical compositions (alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides, and polyphenols, among others), andbriefly describes the anti-tumor mechanisms of the main components. DISCUSSION This paper discusses the shortcomings of the current research on SNL and proposes corresponding solutions, providing theoretical support for further research on its biological functions and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen‐duo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Cheng Hu
- Experiment Center for Science and TechnologyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM‐Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jia‐qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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3
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Dell’Albani P, Carbone C, Sposito G, Spatuzza M, Chiacchio MA, Grasso R, Legnani L, Santonocito D, Puglia C, Parenti R, Puglisi G, Campisi A. Effect of Ferulic Acid Loaded in Nanoparticle on Tissue Transglutaminase Expression Levels in Human Glioblastoma Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8397. [PMID: 39125966 PMCID: PMC11312511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers, characterized by a decrease in antioxidant levels. Evidence has demonstrated that ferulic acid (FA), a natural antioxidant particularly abundant in vegetables and fruits, could be a promising candidate for GBM treatment. Since FA shows a high instability that compromises its therapeutic application, it has been encapsulated into Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) to improve its bioavailability in the brain. It has been demonstrated that tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a multi-functional protein implicated in many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. TG2 is also involved in GBM correlated with metastasis formation and drug resistance. Therefore, the evaluation of TG2 expression levels and its cellular localization are important to assess the anti-cancer effect of FA against GBM cancer. Our results have demonstrated that treatment with free FA and FA-NLCs in the U87-MG cancer cell line differently modified TG2 localization and expression levels. In the cells treated with free FA, TG2 appeared expressed both in the cytosol and in the nucleus, while the treatment with FA-NLCs showed that the protein is exclusively localized in the cytosol, exerting its pro-apoptotic effect. Therefore, our data suggest that FA loaded in NLCs could represent a promising natural agent for supplementing the current anti-cancer drugs used for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dell’Albani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, CNR, Via P. Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (P.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
- NANOMED, Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sposito
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
- CERNUT, Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Michela Spatuzza
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, CNR, Via P. Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (P.D.); (M.S.)
- Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Chiacchio
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Rosaria Grasso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Laura Legnani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Debora Santonocito
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
- NANOMED, Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT, Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
- NANOMED, Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT, Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Agatina Campisi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
- CERNUT, Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Zheng M, Liu Y, Zhang G, Yang Z, Xu W, Chen Q. The Antioxidant Properties, Metabolism, Application and Mechanism of Ferulic Acid in Medicine, Food, Cosmetics, Livestock and Poultry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:853. [PMID: 39061921 PMCID: PMC11273498 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a ubiquitous ingredient in cereals, vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicines. Due to the ferulic phenolic nucleus coupled to an extended side chain, it readily forms a resonant-stable phenoxy radical, which explains its potent antioxidant potential. In addition, it also plays an important role in anti-cancer, pro-angiogenesis, anti-thrombosis, neuroprotection, food preservation, anti-aging, and improving the antioxidant performance of livestock and poultry. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the structure, mechanism of antioxidation, application status, molecular mechanism of pharmacological activity, existing problems, and application prospects of ferulic acid and its derivatives. The aim is to establish a theoretical foundation for the utilization of ferulic acid in medicine, food, cosmetics, livestock, and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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5
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Zhang Y, Xie J. Induction of ferroptosis by natural phenols: A promising strategy for cancer therapy. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2041-2076. [PMID: 38391022 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, heightened interest surrounds the exploration of natural phenols as potential agents for cancer therapy, specifically by inducing ferroptosis, a unique form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This review delves into the roles of key natural phenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, curcumin, and stilbenes, in modulating ferroptosis and their underlying mechanisms. Emphasizing the significance of amino acid, lipid, and iron metabolism, the study elucidates the diverse pathways through which these phenols regulate ferroptosis. Notably, curcumin, a well-known polyphenol, exhibits multifaceted interactions with cellular components involved in ferroptosis regulation, providing a distinctive therapeutic avenue. Stilbenes, another phenolic class, demonstrate promising potential in influencing lipid metabolism and iron-dependent processes, contributing to ferroptotic cell death. Understanding the intricate interplay between these natural phenols and ferroptosis not only illuminates complex cellular regulatory networks but also unveils potential avenues for novel cancer therapies. Exploring these compounds as inducers of ferroptosis presents a promising strategy for targeted cancer treatment, capitalizing on the delicate balance between cellular metabolism and regulated cell death mechanisms. This article synthesizes current knowledge, aiming to stimulate further research into the therapeutic potential of natural phenols in the context of ferroptosis-mediated cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Wanchuanhui (Shanghai) Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Wanchuanhui (Shanghai) Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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Guo W, Wang W, Lei F, Zheng R, Zhao X, Gu Y, Yang M, Tong Y, Wang Y. Identifying the Main Components and Mechanisms of Action of Artemisia annua L. in the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer Using Network Pharmacology. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8055-8066. [PMID: 38405483 PMCID: PMC10882657 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. (A. annua), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that has been utilized in China for centuries, is known for its potential anticancer properties. However, the main components and mechanism of action of A. annua on endometrial carcinoma have not been reported. We used the TCMSP database to identify the active components of A. annua and their corresponding gene targets. We then obtained the gene targets specific to endometrial cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GeneCards databases. The gene targets common to three databases were selected, and a "component-target" network was constructed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and ranking of the target proteins identified the key protein PTGS2 network analysis, and ranking of the target proteins identified the key protein PTGS2. We also screened the active components of A. annua and found that quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, isorhamnetin, artemisin, and stigmasterol had the most targets. Molecular docking models were established for these six components with PTGS2, revealing strong binding activity for all of them. Finally, we conducted validation experiments to assess the effects of quercetin, an active component of A. annua, on endometrial cancer cells (HEC-1-A and Ishikawa cells). Our findings demonstrate that quercetin has the potential to inhibit both cell growth and migration, while also suppressing the expression of PTGS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Guo
- Department
of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical
University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wanyue Wang
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Qiqihar Medical
University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Fei Lei
- Department
of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical
University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ruxin Zheng
- Department
of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical
University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xinyao Zhao
- Department
of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical
University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yuze Gu
- Department
of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical
University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mengdi Yang
- Department
of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical
University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yunshun Tong
- School
of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yaoxian Wang
- Department
of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical
University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
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7
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Yin YJ, Zhang YH, Wang Y, Jiang H, Zhang JB, Liang S, Yuan B. Ferulic acid ameliorates the quality of in vitro-aged bovine oocytes by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:12497-12512. [PMID: 37944258 PMCID: PMC10683616 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a well-known natural antioxidant that scavenges oxygen free radicals and alleviates oxidative stress. This study investigated the chemopreventive potential of FA against bovine oocyte quality decline during in vitro aging. The results showed that 5 μM FA supplementation decreased the abnormality rate of in vitro-aged bovine oocytes. In addition, FA supplementation effectively improved antioxidant capacity by removing excessive ROS and maintaining intracellular GSH levels and antioxidant enzyme activity. The mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP levels in aged bovine oocytes were obviously enhanced by FA supplementation. Furthermore, FA supplementation reduced in vitro aging-induced DNA damage and maintained DNA stability in bovine oocytes. Moreover, sperm binding assay showed the number of sperm that bound to the zona pellucida on aged bovine oocytes was significantly higher in the FA supplemented group than in the Aged group. Therefore, FA is beneficial for maintaining in vitro-aged bovine oocyte quality and could become a potential antioxidant for preventing bovine oocyte in vitro aging during in vitro maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jing Yin
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Hong Zhang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Burcher JT, DeLiberto LK, Allen AM, Kilpatrick KL, Bishayee A. Bioactive phytocompounds for oral cancer prevention and treatment: A comprehensive and critical evaluation. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:2025-2085. [PMID: 37143373 DOI: 10.1002/med.21969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The high incidence of oral cancer combined with excessive treatment cost underscores the need for novel oral cancer preventive and therapeutic options. The value of natural agents, including plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals), in preventing carcinogenesis and representing expansive source of anticancer drugs have been established. While fragmentary research data are available on antioral cancer effects of phytochemicals, a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the potential of these agents for the prevention and intervention of human oral malignancies has not been conducted according to our knowledge. This study presents a complete and critical analysis of current preclinical and clinical results on the prevention and treatment of oral cancer using phytochemicals. Our in-depth analysis highlights anticancer effects of various phytochemicals, such as phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds, against numerous oral cancer cells and/or in vivo oral cancer models by antiproliferative, proapoptotic, cell cycle-regulatory, antiinvasive, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic effects. Bioactive phytochemicals exert their antineoplastic effects by modulating various signaling pathways, specifically involving the epidermal growth factor receptor, cytokine receptors, toll-like receptors, and tumor necrosis factor receptor and consequently alter the expression of downstream genes and proteins. Interestingly, phytochemicals demonstrate encouraging effects in clinical trials, such as reduction of oral lesion size, cell growth, pain score, and development of new lesions. While most phytochemicals displayed minimal toxicity, concerns with bioavailability may limit their clinical application. Future directions for research include more in-depth mechanistic in vivo studies, administration of phytochemicals using novel formulations, investigation of phytocompounds as adjuvants to conventional treatment, and randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsay K DeLiberto
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea M Allen
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Kaitlyn L Kilpatrick
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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Xu J, Yu C, Zeng X, Tang W, Xu S, Tang L, Huang Y, Sun Z, Yu T. Visualization of breast cancer-related protein synthesis from the perspective of bibliometric analysis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:461. [PMID: 37885035 PMCID: PMC10605986 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, as a daunting global health threat, has driven an exponential growth in related research activity in recent decades. An area of research of paramount importance is protein synthesis, and the analysis of specific proteins inextricably linked to breast cancer. In this article, we undertake a bibliometric analysis of the literature on breast cancer and protein synthesis, aiming to provide crucial insights into this esoteric realm of investigation. Our approach was to scour the Web of Science database, between 2003 and 2022, for articles containing the keywords "breast cancer" and "protein synthesis" in their title, abstract, or keywords. We deployed bibliometric analysis software, exploring a range of measures such as publication output, citation counts, co-citation analysis, and keyword analysis. Our search yielded 2998 articles that met our inclusion criteria. The number of publications in this area has steadily increased, with a significant rise observed after 2003. Most of the articles were published in oncology or biology-related journals, with the most publications in Journal of Biological Chemistry, Cancer Research, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, and Oncogene. Keyword analysis revealed that "breast cancer," "expression," "cancer," "protein," and "translation" were the most commonly researched topics. In conclusion, our bibliometric analysis of breast cancer and related protein synthesis literature underscores the burgeoning interest in this research. The focus of the research is primarily on the relationship between protein expression in breast cancer and the development and treatment of tumors. These studies have been instrumental in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Sustained research in this area will yield essential insights into the biology of breast cancer and the genesis of cutting-edge therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Chengdong Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zeng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Yanxiao Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Zhengkui Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China.
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China.
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Vega-Galvez A, Uribe E, Pasten A, Camus J, Rojas M, Garcia V, Araya M, Valenzuela-Barra G, Zambrano A, Goñi MG. Low-Temperature Vacuum Drying on Broccoli: Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Properties Regarding Other Drying Methods. Foods 2023; 12:3311. [PMID: 37685242 PMCID: PMC10486434 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature vacuum drying (LTVD) has shown great potential for drying vegetables. It could avoid excessive degradations of active compounds with potential therapeutic agents. In this study, the effect on several relevant bioactive compounds, anti-inflammatory activity, and anti-proliferative activity of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) were evaluated. Effects of other drying methods, including vacuum drying (VD), convective drying (CD), infrared drying (IRD), and freeze drying (FD), were also comparatively evaluated. The results of all dried samples showed high polyunsaturated fatty acid contents (of up to 71.3%) and essential amino acid contents (of up to 8.63%). The LTVD method stands out above the other drying methods, since it obtained the highest content of total phenols, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid. Both the LTVD and CD samples demonstrated high anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. These CD and LTVD samples were also the most active against the breast carcinoma MDA-MB-23 cell line. Due to the good retention of bioactive compounds via LTVD, the obtained dried broccoli here can be used in a near time as an ingredient for the development of novel natural products with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vega-Galvez
- Food Engineering Department, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile; (E.U.); (A.P.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Elsa Uribe
- Food Engineering Department, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile; (E.U.); (A.P.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (V.G.)
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Alexis Pasten
- Food Engineering Department, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile; (E.U.); (A.P.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Javiera Camus
- Food Engineering Department, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile; (E.U.); (A.P.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Michelle Rojas
- Food Engineering Department, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile; (E.U.); (A.P.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Vivian Garcia
- Food Engineering Department, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile; (E.U.); (A.P.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Michael Araya
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile;
| | - Gabriela Valenzuela-Barra
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Angara Zambrano
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla P.O. Box 567, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Maria Gabriela Goñi
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1000-1499, Argentina
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11
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Choudhary N, Bawari S, Burcher JT, Sinha D, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Targeting Cell Signaling Pathways in Lung Cancer by Bioactive Phytocompounds. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3980. [PMID: 37568796 PMCID: PMC10417502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with high incidence worldwide. It is the most frequently occurring cancer in men and the second most common in women. Due to its frequent diagnosis and variable response to treatment, lung cancer was reported as the top cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020. Many aberrant signaling cascades are implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, including those involved in apoptosis (B cell lymphoma protein, Bcl-2-associated X protein, first apoptosis signal ligand), growth inhibition (tumor suppressor protein or gene and serine/threonine kinase 11), and growth promotion (epidermal growth factor receptor/proto-oncogenes/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase). Accordingly, these pathways and their signaling molecules have become promising targets for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Recent research provides compelling evidence for the use of plant-based compounds, known collectively as phytochemicals, as anticancer agents. This review discusses major contributing signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of lung cancer, as well as currently available treatments and prospective drug candidates. The anticancer potential of naturally occurring bioactive compounds in the context of lung cancer is also discussed, with critical analysis of their mechanistic actions presented by preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, GNA School of Pharmacy, GNA University, Phagwara 144 401, India
| | - Sweta Bawari
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201 301, India
| | - Jack T. Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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12
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Yang L, Nao J, Dong X. The Therapeutic Potential of Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on In Vivo Research Advancements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37432913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HCDs) are polyphenols that are abundant in cereals, coffee, tea, wine, fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods. To aid in the clinical prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), we evaluated in vivo investigations of the pharmacological properties of HCDs relevant to PD, and their pharmacokinetic and safety aspects. An extensive search of published journals was conducted using several literature databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science. The search terms included "hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives," "ferulic acid," "caffeic acid," "sinapic acid," "p-coumaric acid," "Parkinson's disease," and combinations of these keywords. As of April 2023, 455 preclinical studies were retrieved, of which 364 were in vivo studies; we included 17 of these articles on the pharmaceutics of HCDs in PD. Available evidence supports the protective effects of HCDs in PD due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, as well as antiapoptotic physiological activities. Studies have identified possible molecular targets and pathways for the protective actions of HCDs in PD. However, the paucity of studies on these compounds in PD, and the risk of toxicity induced with high-dose applications, limits their use. Thus, multifaceted studies of HCDs in vitro and in vivo are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
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13
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Alghamdi MA, Khalifah TA, Alhawati HS, Ruzayq M, Alrakaf A, Khodier A, Al-Gayyar MM. Antitumor Activity of Ferulic Acid Against Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma in Rats via Affecting Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress and Cell Proliferation. Cureus 2023; 15:e41985. [PMID: 37465088 PMCID: PMC10350652 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ferulic acid is a natural compound commonly found in fruits and vegetables like tomatoes, sweet corn, rice bran, and dong quai. It has various beneficial effects on the body, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Aims We conducted a study to investigate the antitumor activity of ferulic acid against Ehrlich solid carcinoma (ESC), specifically by affecting hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and its subsequent effects on other factors like nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), cellular Myc (cMyc), cyclin D1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Materials and methods The study involved implanting rats with ESC cells and administering 50 mg/kg of ferulic acid orally daily for eight days. Sections of the muscles with ESC were stained with toluidine blue or immunostained with anti-HIF-1α antibodies. The tumor samples were used to evaluate the expression of HIF-1α, Nrf2, HO-1, cMyc, cyclin D1, mTOR, and STAT3. Results Ferulic acid increased mean survival time, reduced tumor volume and weight, and improved the appearance of the tumor tissue. Furthermore, ferulic acid significantly elevated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, while reducing the expression of HIF-1α, Nrf2, HO-1, cMyc, cyclin D1, mTOR, and STAT3. Conclusions Ferulic acid can reduce tumor size and weight while improving the structure of muscle cells, suggesting it may have antineoplastic activity against ESC. Further investigation revealed that ferulic acid downregulates HIF-1α, increasing the expression of antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1. Additionally, ferulic acid decreases the expression of proliferation markers cMyc and cyclin D1 and downregulates cellular regulators mTOR and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Khodier
- Clinical Pharmacology, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, EGY
| | - Mohammed M Al-Gayyar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Tabuk Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabuk, SAU
- Biochemistry, Mansoura University Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura, EGY
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14
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Guzmán-López EG, Reina M, Hernández-Ayala LF, Galano A. Rational Design of Multifunctional Ferulic Acid Derivatives Aimed for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1256. [PMID: 37371986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid has numerous beneficial effects on human health, which are frequently attributed to its antioxidant behavior. In this report, many of them are reviewed, and 185 new ferulic acid derivatives are computationally designed using the CADMA-Chem protocol. Consequently, their chemical space was sampled and evaluated. To that purpose, selection and elimination scores were used, which are built from a set of descriptors accounting for ADME properties, toxicity, and synthetic accessibility. After the first screening, 12 derivatives were selected and further investigated. Their potential role as antioxidants was predicted from reactivity indexes directly related to the formal hydrogen atom transfer and the single electron transfer mechanisms. The best performing molecules were identified by comparisons with the parent molecule and two references: Trolox and α-tocopherol. Their potential as polygenic neuroprotectors was investigated through the interactions with enzymes directly related to the etiologies of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. These enzymes are acetylcholinesterase, catechol-O-methyltransferase, and monoamine oxidase B. Based on the obtained results, the most promising candidates (FA-26, FA-118, and FA-138) are proposed as multifunctional antioxidants with potential neuroprotective effects. The findings derived from this investigation are encouraging and might promote further investigations on these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gabriel Guzmán-López
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico
| | - Miguel Reina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Hernández-Ayala
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico
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15
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Shi Y, Shi L, Liu Q, Wang W, Liu Y. Molecular mechanism and research progress on pharmacology of ferulic acid in liver diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1207999. [PMID: 37324465 PMCID: PMC10264600 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1207999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a natural polyphenol, a derivative of cinnamic acid, widely found in Angelica, Chuanxiong and other fruits, vegetables and traditional Chinese medicine. FA contains methoxy, 4-hydroxy and carboxylic acid functional groups that bind covalently to neighbouring adjacent unsaturated Cationic C and play a key role in many diseases related to oxidative stress. Numerous studies have shown that ferulic acid protects liver cells and inhibits liver injury, liver fibrosis, hepatotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis caused by various factors. FA has protective effects on liver injury induced by acetaminophen, methotrexate, antituberculosis drugs, diosbulbin B and tripterygium wilfordii, mainly through the signal pathways related to TLR4/NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2. FA also has protective effects on carbon tetrachloride, concanavalin A and septic liver injury. FA pretreatment can protect hepatocytes from radiation damage, protects the liver from damage caused by fluoride, cadmium and aflatoxin b1. At the same time, FA can inhibit liver fibrosis, inhibit liver steatosis and reduce lipid toxicity, improve insulin resistance in the liver and exert the effect of anti-liver cancer. In addition, signalling pathways such as Akt/FoxO1, AMPK, PPAR γ, Smad2/3 and Caspase-3 have been shown to be vital molecular targets for FA involvement in improving various liver diseases. Recent advances in the pharmacological effects of ferulic acid and its derivatives on liver diseases were reviewed. The results will provide guidance for the clinical application of ferulic acid and its derivatives in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - YongJuan Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Kumar R, Kushwaha PP, Singh AK, Kumar S, Pandey AK. Anti-proliferative, apoptosis inducing, and antioxidant potential of Callistemon lanceolatus bark extracts: an in vitro and in silico study. Med Oncol 2023; 40:169. [PMID: 37156972 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports anticancer and antioxidant activities of Callistemon lanceolatus bark extracts. Anticancer activity was studied against MDA-MB-231 cells. Antioxidant assessment of the chloroform and methanol extracts showed considerable free radical scavenging, metal ion chelating, and reducing power potential. Chloroform extract exhibited potent inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in MTT assay (IC50 9.6 μg/ml) and promoted programmed cell death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) disruption ability, and nuclear morphology changes were studied using H2-DCFDA, JC-1, and Hoechst dyes, respectively, using confocal microscopy. Apoptotic cells exhibited fragmented nuclei, increased ROS generation, and altered MMP in dose- and time-dependent manner. Chloroform extract upregulated the BAX-1 and CASP3 mRNA expression coupled with downregulation of BCL-2 gene. Further, in silico docking of phytochemicals present in C. lanceolatus with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein endorsed apoptosis by its inhibition and thus corroborated the experimental findings. Obatoclax, a known inhibitor of Bcl-2 was used as a reference compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj), 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj), 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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17
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Zhai Y, Wang T, Fu Y, Yu T, Ding Y, Nie H. Ferulic Acid: A Review of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Effects on Pulmonary Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098011. [PMID: 37175715 PMCID: PMC10178416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA), a prevalent dietary phytochemical, has many pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects, and has been widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. Many studies have shown that FA can significantly downregulate the expression of reactive oxygen species and activate nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling, exerting anti-oxidative effects. The anti-inflammatory effect of FA is mainly related to the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways. FA has demonstrated potential clinical applications in the treatment of pulmonary diseases. The transforming growth factor-β1/small mothers against decapentaplegic 3 signaling pathway can be blocked by FA, thereby alleviating pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, in the context of asthma, the T helper cell 1/2 imbalance is restored by FA. Furthermore, FA ameliorates acute lung injury by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways via toll-like receptor 4, consequently decreasing the expression of downstream inflammatory mediators. Additionally, there is a moderate neuraminidase inhibitory activity showing a tendency to reduce the interleukin-8 level in response to influenza virus infections. Although the application of FA has broad prospects, more preclinical mechanism-based research should be carried out to test these applications in clinical settings. This review not only covers the literature on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of FA, but also discusses the therapeutic role and toxicology of FA in several pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Zhai
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yunmei Fu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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18
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Differential Apoptotic Effects of Bee Product Mixtures on Normal and Cancer Hepatic Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030615. [PMID: 36978864 PMCID: PMC10045410 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most effective anticancer drugs normally generate considerable cytotoxicity in normal cells; therefore, the preferential activation of apoptosis in cancer cells and the reduction of toxicity in normal cells is a great challenge in cancer research. Natural products with selective anticancer properties used as complementary medicine can help to achieve this goal. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of the addition of bee products [propolis (PR) or royal jelly (RJ) or propolis and royal jelly (PR+RJ), 2–10%] to thyme (TH) and chestnut honeys (CH) on the differential anticancer properties, mainly the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects, in normal and cancer hepatic cells. The cytotoxic effects of samples were analyzed using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay (0–250 mg/mL) and the effects on apoptosis were analyzed using cell cycle analysis, TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, DR5 (Death Receptor 5) and BAX (BCL-2-Associated X) activation, and caspases 8, 9, and 3 activities. Both honey samples alone and honey mixtures had no or very little apoptotic effect on normal cells. Antioxidant honey mixtures enhanced the apoptotic capacity of the corresponding honey alone via both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Of all the samples, chestnut honey enriched with 10% royal jelly and 10% propolis (sample 14, CH+10RJ+10PR) showed the highest apoptotic effect on tumor liver cells. The enrichment of monofloral honey with bee products could be used together with conventional anticancer treatments as a dietary supplement without side effects. On the other hand, it could be included in the diet as a natural sweetener with high added value.
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Singh AK, Singh SV, Kumar R, Kumar S, Senapati S, Pandey AK. Current therapeutic modalities and chemopreventive role of natural products in liver cancer: Progress and promise. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:1-18. [PMID: 36744169 PMCID: PMC9896505 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a severe concern for public health officials since the clinical cases are increasing each year, with an estimated 5-year survival rate of 30%–35% after diagnosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes a significant subtype of liver cancer (approximate75%) and is considered primary liver cancer. Treatment for liver cancer mainly depends on the stage of its progression, where surgery including, hepatectomy and liver transplantation, and ablation and radiotherapy are the prime choice. For advanced liver cancer, various drugs and immunotherapy are used as first-line treatment, whereas second-line treatment includes chemotherapeutic drugs from natural and synthetic origins. Sorafenib and lenvatinib are first-line therapies, while regorafenib and ramucirumab are second-line therapy. Various metabolic and signaling pathways such as Notch, JAK/ STAT, Hippo, TGF-β, and Wnt have played a critical role during HCC progression. Dysbiosis has also been implicated in liver cancer. Drug-induced toxicity is a key obstacle in the treatment of liver cancer, necessitating the development of effective and safe medications, with natural compounds such as resveratrol, curcumin, diallyl sulfide, and others emerging as promising anticancer agents. This review highlights the current status of liver cancer research, signaling pathways, therapeutic targets, current treatment strategies and the chemopreventive role of various natural products in managing liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, Government Naveen Girls College, Balod (Hemchand Yadav University), Durg, Chattisgarh, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shiv Vardan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Li X, Zhou L, Yu Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Sun B. The Potential Functions and Mechanisms of Oat on Cancer Prevention: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14588-14599. [PMID: 36376030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oat is classified as a whole grain and contains high contents of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals (such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins). In recent years, studies have focused on the effects of oat consumption on reducing the risk of a variety of diseases. Reports have indicated that an oat diet exerts certain biological functions, such as preventing cardiovascular diseases, reducing blood glucose, and promoting intestinal health, along with antiallergy, antioxidation, and cancer preventive effects. At present, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The natural products of oat are an important breakthrough for developing new strategies of cancer prevention, and their ability to interact with multiple cellular targets helps to combat the complexity of cancer pathogenesis. In addition, the comprehensive study of the cancer prevention activity and potential mechanism of oat nutrients and phytochemicals has become a research hotspot. In this Review, we focused on the potential functions of peptides, dietary fiber, and phytochemicals in oats on cancer prevention and further revealed novel mechanisms and prospects for clinical application. These findings might provide a novel approach to deeply understand the functions and mechanisms for cancer prevention of oat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Li
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Linyue Zhou
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Sun X, Shen B, Yu H, Wu W, Sheng R, Fang Y, Guo R. Therapeutic potential of demethylzeylasteral, a triterpenoid of the genus Tripterygium wilfordii. Fitoterapia 2022; 163:105333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Wang J, Lai X, Yuan D, Liu Y, Wang J, Liang Y. Effects of ferulic acid, a major component of rice bran, on proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of HepG2 cells. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Ferulic Acid Mitigates Growth and Invasion of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Inducing Ferroptotic Cell Death. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4607966. [PMID: 36267458 PMCID: PMC9578864 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4607966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ferroptosis is an iron- and ROS-dependent form of cell death initiated by lipid peroxidation. The rapidly developing study of ferroptosis has facilitated its application in cancer therapeutics. The current study is aimed at investigating the functional property of ferulic acid (FA, a phenolic acid substance) on inducing ferroptosis in antiesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods ESCC cells were administrated with gradient doses of FA or with ferroptosis inhibitor deferoxamine. Cellular growth was measured with CCK-8 and colony formation experiments. LDH, caspase-3, MDA, SOD, GSH, and iron were assayed with corresponding kits. Apoptotic level was evaluated through Annexin V-FITC apoptosis staining, with migration and invasion utilizing Transwell assays. Through quantitative RT-PCR, angiogenesis-relevant genes VEGFA and PDGFB were detected. ROS generation was measured via DCFH-DA probe. Immunoblotting was conducted for monitoring ACSL4, SLC7A11, HO-1, and GPX4. Results FA administration observably mitigated cellular viability and colony formation capacity and motivated LDH release, caspase-3 activity, and apoptosis in EC-1 and TE-4 cells. In addition, migration and invasion together with angiogenesis of ESCC cells were restraint by FA. FA exposure led to the increase of MDA content, ROS production, and iron load as well as the reduction of SOD activity and GSH content. Also, FA augmented the activities of ACSL4 and HO-1, with lessening SLC7A11 and GPX4. Nonetheless, deferoxamine restrained the effect of FA on ESCC ferroptosis. Conclusion Altogether, FA may act as a ferroptosis inducer and thus attenuates cell growth and invasion of ESCC, which boosts the clinical application of FA in ESCC therapeutics.
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Gupta A, Atanasov AG, Li Y, Kumar N, Bishayee A. Chlorogenic acid for cancer prevention and therapy: Current status on efficacy and mechanisms of action. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Desai S, Sharma P, Kashyap P, Choudhary B, Kaur J. Bioactive compounds, bio‐functional properties, and food applications of
Garcinia indica
: A review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14344. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Desai
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Poorva Sharma
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Piyush Kashyap
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | | | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
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Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activity of Phenolic Compound Family Extracted from Raspberries ( Rubus idaeus): A General Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061192. [PMID: 35740089 PMCID: PMC9230908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Raspberries (Rubus idaeus) possess a wide phenolic family profile; this serves the role of self-protection for the plant. Interest in these compounds have significantly increased, since they have been classified as nutraceuticals due to the positive health effects provided to consumers. Extensive chemical, in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed to prove and validate these benefits and their possible applications as an aid when treating several chronic degenerative diseases, characterized by oxidative stress and an inflammatory response. While many diseases could be co-adjuvanted by the intake of these phenolic compounds, this review will mainly discuss their effects on cancer. Anthocyanins and ellagitannins are known to provide a major antioxidant capacity in raspberries. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge concerning the phenolic compound family of raspberries, and topics discussed include their characterization, biosynthesis, bioavailability, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Dietary Phytochemicals Targeting Nrf2 to Enhance the Radiosensitivity of Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7848811. [PMID: 35368867 PMCID: PMC8967572 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7848811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, cancer has become the second leading cause of death worldwide. Radiotherapy (RT) is the mainstay in management of carcinoma; however, overcoming radioresistance remains a great challenge to successfully treat cancer. Nrf2 is a key transcription factor that is responsible for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway could upregulate multifarious antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, further scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite its cytoprotective roles in normal cells, it could also alleviate oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by RT in cancer cells, thus promoting cancer cell survival. Accumulating evidence indicates that overactivation of Nrf2 is associated with radioresistance; therefore, targeting Nrf2 is a promising strategy to enhance radiosensitivity. Dietary phytochemicals coming from natural products are characterized by low cost, low toxicity, and general availability. Numerous phytochemicals are reported to regulate Nrf2 and intensify the killing capability of RT through diverse mechanisms, including promoting oxidative stress, proapoptosis, and proautophagy as well as inhibiting Nrf2-mediated cytoprotective genes expression. This review summarizes recent advances in radiosensitizing effects of dietary phytochemicals by targeting Nrf2 and discusses the underlying mechanisms, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of Nrf2 mediated by phytochemicals in cancer.
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Wang D, Guo D, Tang Y, Qi M, Fang J, Zhang Y, Chai Y, Cao Y, Lv D. A multi-omics study of the anti-cancer effect of a ferulic acid derivative FA-30. Mol Omics 2022; 18:805-813. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The active ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine are an important source of bioactive molecules and play an important role in the research and development of innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuxiao Tang
- Department of nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyu Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiahao Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yifeng Chai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Diya Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Pang G, Yi T, Luo H, Jiang L. Preclinical findings: The pharmacological targets and molecular mechanisms of ferulic acid treatment for COVID-19 and osteosarcoma via targeting autophagy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:971687. [PMID: 36204096 PMCID: PMC9530469 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.971687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The variant virus-based 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has reportedly impacted almost all populations globally, characterized by a huge number of infected individuals. Clinical evidence proves that patients with cancer are more easily infected with severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of immunologic deficiency. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop candidate medications to treat patients with cancer plus COVID-19, including those with osteosarcoma (OS). Ferulic acid, a latent theriacal compound that has anti-tumor and antivirus activities, is discovered to have potential pharmacological use. Thus, in this study, we aimed to screen and determine the potential therapeutic targets of ferulic acid in treating patients with OS plus COVID-19 as well as the pharmacological mechanisms. We applied a well-established integrated methodology, including network pharmacology and molecular docking technique, to detail target prediction, network construction, gene ontology, and pathway enrichment in core targets. The network pharmacology results show that all candidate genes, by targeting autophagy, were the core targets of ferulic acid in treating OS and COVID-19. Through molecular docking analysis, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) were identified as the pharmacological targets of ferulic acid in treating OS. These preclinical findings from bioinformatics analysis altogether effectively determined the pharmacological molecules and mechanisms via targeting autophagy, demonstrating the therapeutic effectiveness of ferulic acid against COVID-19 and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Pang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Tingzhuang Yi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Hongcheng Luo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Lihe Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology (Army Medical University) Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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Biomimetic amphiphilic FAAP NPs nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and antivirus activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108047. [PMID: 34619499 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral agents based on natural products have attracted substantial attention in clinical applications for their distinct biological activities,molecular structuralmultiformities, and low biotoxicities. Ferulic acid (FA) with apigenin propaneto form an esterified FA derivative (FAAP).Herein, we designed a CsPbBr3-modified chitosan oligosaccharide, a biomimetic nanoplatform that could load with FAAP. After self-assembly by combining FAAP with CsPbBr3-modified chitosan oligosaccharide (FAAP NPs), the resulting nanoparticles (FAAP NPs) showed high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities for enhancing the inhibition of porcineparvovirus.FAAP NPs exhibited no signs of acute toxicity in vitro or in vivo. DPPH and ABST are widely used for quantitative determination of antioxidant capacity. FAAP NPs exhibited excellent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities. In addition, we found that FAAP NPs inhibited PPV infection-induced PK-15 cell apoptosis, which was associated with regulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. Importantly, we showed that FAAP NPs blocked PPV infection-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in PK-15 cells via a p53/BH3 domain molecular-dependent mechanism.
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