1
|
Gajdos L, Forsyth VT, Blakeley MP, Haertlein M, Imberty A, Samain E, Devos JM. Production of perdeuterated fucose from glyco-engineered bacteria. Glycobiology 2020; 31:151-158. [PMID: 32601663 PMCID: PMC7874385 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Fucose and l-fucose-containing polysaccharides, glycoproteins or glycolipids play an important role in a variety of biological processes. l-Fucose-containing glycoconjugates have been implicated in many diseases including cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Interest in fucose and its derivatives is growing in cancer research, glyco-immunology, and the study of host–pathogen interactions. l-Fucose can be extracted from bacterial and algal polysaccharides or produced (bio)synthetically. While deuterated glucose and galactose are available, and are of high interest for metabolic studies and biophysical studies, deuterated fucose is not easily available. Here, we describe the production of perdeuterated l-fucose, using glyco-engineered Escherichia coli in a bioreactor with the use of a deuterium oxide-based growth medium and a deuterated carbon source. The final yield was 0.2 g L−1 of deuterated sugar, which was fully characterized by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We anticipate that the perdeuterated fucose produced in this way will have numerous applications in structural biology where techniques such as NMR, solution neutron scattering and neutron crystallography are widely used. In the case of neutron macromolecular crystallography, the availability of perdeuterated fucose can be exploited in identifying the details of its interaction with protein receptors and notably the hydrogen bonding network around the carbohydrate binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gajdos
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France.,Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - V Trevor Forsyth
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France.,Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Matthew P Blakeley
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Michael Haertlein
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France.,Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Eric Samain
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Juliette M Devos
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France.,Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rongpipi S, Ye D, Gomez ED, Gomez EW. Progress and Opportunities in the Characterization of Cellulose - An Important Regulator of Cell Wall Growth and Mechanics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1894. [PMID: 30881371 PMCID: PMC6405478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a dynamic network of several biopolymers and structural proteins including cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is one of the main load bearing components of this complex, heterogeneous structure, and in this way, is an important regulator of cell wall growth and mechanics. Glucan chains of cellulose aggregate via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form long thread-like crystalline structures called cellulose microfibrils. The shape, size, and crystallinity of these microfibrils are important structural parameters that influence mechanical properties of the cell wall and these parameters are likely important determinants of cell wall digestibility for biofuel conversion. Cellulose-cellulose and cellulose-matrix interactions also contribute to the regulation of the mechanics and growth of the cell wall. As a consequence, much emphasis has been placed on extracting valuable structural details about cell wall components from several techniques, either individually or in combination, including diffraction/scattering, microscopy, and spectroscopy. In this review, we describe efforts to characterize the organization of cellulose in plant cell walls. X-ray scattering reveals the size and orientation of microfibrils; diffraction reveals unit lattice parameters and crystallinity. The presence of different cell wall components, their physical and chemical states, and their alignment and orientation have been identified by Infrared, Raman, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Sum Frequency Generation spectroscopy. Direct visualization of cell wall components, their network-like structure, and interactions between different components has also been made possible through a host of microscopic imaging techniques including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. This review highlights advantages and limitations of different analytical techniques for characterizing cellulose structure and its interaction with other wall polymers. We also delineate emerging opportunities for future developments of structural characterization tools and multi-modal analyses of cellulose and plant cell walls. Ultimately, elucidation of the structure of plant cell walls across multiple length scales will be imperative for establishing structure-property relationships to link cell wall structure to control of growth and mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sintu Rongpipi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Dan Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Enrique D. Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Esther W. Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shah R, Huang S, Pingali SV, Sawada D, Pu Y, Rodriguez M, Ragauskas AJ, Kim SH, Evans BR, Davison BH, O'Neill H. Hemicellulose-Cellulose Composites Reveal Differences in Cellulose Organization after Dilute Acid Pretreatment. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:893-903. [PMID: 30554514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Model hemicellulose-cellulose composites that mimic plant cell wall polymer interactions were prepared by synthesizing deuterated bacterial cellulose in the presence of glucomannan or xyloglucan. Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) of these materials was studied using small-angle neutron scattering, X-ray diffraction, and sum frequency generation spectroscopy. The macrofibril dimensions of the pretreated cellulose alone were smaller but with similar entanglement of macrofibrillar network as native cellulose. In addition, the crystallite size dimension along the (010) plane increased. Glucomannan-cellulose underwent similar changes to cellulose, except that the macrofibrillar network was more entangled after DAP. Conversely, in xyloglucan-cellulose the macrofibril dimensions and macrofibrillar network were relatively unchanged after pretreatment, but the cellulose Iβ content was increased. Our results point to a tight interaction of xyloglucan with microfibrils while glucomannan only interacts with macrofibril surfaces. This study provides insight into roles of different hemicellulose-cellulose interactions and may help in improving pretreatment processes or engineering plants with decreased recalcitrance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Shah
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research , University of Tennessee , Knoxville Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Shixin Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , State College , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , State College , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhagia S, Meng X, Evans BR, Dunlap JR, Bali G, Chen J, Reeves KS, Ho HC, Davison BH, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ. Ultrastructure and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Deuterated Switchgrass. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13226. [PMID: 30185812 PMCID: PMC6125453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutron scattering of deuterated plants can provide fundamental insight into the structure of lignocellulosics in plant cell walls and its deconstruction by pretreatment and enzymes. Such plants need to be characterized for any alterations to lignocellulosic structure caused by growth in deuterated media. Here we show that glucose yields from enzymatic hydrolysis at lower enzyme loading were 35% and 30% for untreated deuterated and protiated switchgrass, respectively. Lignin content was 4% higher in deuterated switchgrass but there were no significant lignin structural differences. Transmission electron microscopy showed differences in lignin distribution and packing of fibers in the cell walls that apparently increased surface area of cellulose in deuterated switchgrass, increasing cellulose accessibility and lowering its recalcitrance. These differences in lignification were likely caused by abiotic stress due to growth in deuterated media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samarthya Bhagia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Barbara R Evans
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory**, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - John R Dunlap
- Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Garima Bali
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jihua Chen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Kimberly Shawn Reeves
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Hoi Chun Ho
- Carbon and Composite Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Brian H Davison
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Joint Institute of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
- Joint Institute of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Biological Structures. NEUTRON SCATTERING - APPLICATIONS IN BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, AND MATERIALS SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805324-9.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|