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Islam F, Lisoway A, Oh ES, Fiori LM, Magarbeh L, Elsheikh SSM, Kim HK, Kloiber S, Kennedy JL, Frey BN, Milev R, Soares CN, Parikh SV, Placenza F, Hassel S, Taylor VH, Leri F, Blier P, Uher R, Farzan F, Lam RW, Turecki G, Foster JA, Rotzinger S, Kennedy SH, Müller DJ. Integrative Genetic Variation, DNA Methylation, and Gene Expression Analysis of Escitalopram and Aripiprazole Treatment Outcomes in Depression: A CAN-BIND-1 Study. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2024. [PMID: 38917846 DOI: 10.1055/a-2313-9979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the interplay between genetics and epigenetics on antidepressant treatment (1) response and remission, (2) side effects, and (3) serum levels. This study explored the relationship among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), DNA methylation (DNAm), and mRNA levels of four pharmacokinetic genes, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and ABCB1, and its effect on these outcomes. METHODS The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network for Depression-1 dataset consisted of 177 individuals with major depressive disorder treated for 8 weeks with escitalopram (ESC) followed by 8 weeks with ESC monotherapy or augmentation with aripiprazole. DNAm quantitative trait loci (mQTL), identified by SNP-CpG associations between 20 SNPs and 60 CpG sites in whole blood, were tested for associations with our outcomes, followed by causal inference tests (CITs) to identify methylation-mediated genetic effects. RESULTS Eleven cis-SNP-CpG pairs (q<0.05) constituting four unique SNPs were identified. Although no significant associations were observed between mQTLs and response/remission, CYP2C19 rs4244285 was associated with treatment-related weight gain (q=0.027) and serum concentrations of ESCadj (q<0.001). Between weeks 2-4, 6.7% and 14.9% of those with *1/*1 (normal metabolizers) and *1/*2 (intermediate metabolizers) genotypes, respectively, reported ≥2 lbs of weight gain. In contrast, the *2/*2 genotype (poor metabolizers) did not report weight gain during this period and demonstrated the highest ESCadj concentrations. CITs did not indicate that these effects were epigenetically mediated. DISCUSSION These results elucidate functional mechanisms underlying the established associations between CYP2C19 rs4244285 and ESC pharmacokinetics. This mQTL SNP as a marker for antidepressant-related weight gain needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Islam
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Lisoway
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward S Oh
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura M Fiori
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leen Magarbeh
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samar S M Elsheikh
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helena K Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roumen Milev
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Providence Care, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudio N Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Providence Care, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sagar V Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Franca Placenza
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefanie Hassel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Valerie H Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Blier
- The Royal Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Faranak Farzan
- Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jane A Foster
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Rotzinger
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinic of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Zou ZL, Zhang Y, Huang YL, Wang JY, Zhou B, Chen HF. Pilot study of genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression for treatment response to escitalopram in panic disorder. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:524-532. [PMID: 37701547 PMCID: PMC10494772 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i8.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are currently considered the first-line treatment for panic disorder (PD). However, little is known about the relationship between the biomarkers that may predict better treatment. AIM To compare genome-wide methylation and gene expression patterns between responsive and non-responsive patients with PD after 4 wk of escitalopram treatment. METHODS Thirty patients with PD were enrolled in this study (responders = 13; non-responders = 17). All patients were assessed using the PD Severity Scale-Chinese version before and after treatment. The Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC (850k) BeadChip for genome-wide methylation screening and mRNA sequencing was used in all patients with PD. RESULTS A total of 701 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were found between responders and non-responders (|Δβ| ≥ 0.06, q < 0.05), and the hyper- and hypomethylated CpG sites were 511 (72.9%) and 190 (27.1%), respectively. Relative to non-responders, there were 59 differential transcripts, of which 20 were downregulated and 39 were upregulated (q < 0.05). However, no differentially expressed genes were identified by mRNA sequencing after correcting for multiple testing (|log2(FC)| > 1, q > 0.05). CONCLUSION This preliminary study showed that DMPs might be associated with the treatment response to escitalopram in PD; however, these DMPs need to be verified in large samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Li Zou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Lan Huang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin-Yu Wang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hua-Fu Chen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
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Radosavljevic M, Svob Strac D, Jancic J, Samardzic J. The Role of Pharmacogenetics in Personalizing the Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051095. [PMID: 37239455 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression, has been characterized by significant inter-individual variability in drug response and the development of side effects. Pharmacogenetics, as a key part of personalized medicine, aims to optimize therapy according to a patient's individual genetic signature by targeting genetic variations involved in pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic processes. Pharmacokinetic variability refers to variations in a drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, whereas pharmacodynamic variability results from variable interactions of an active drug with its target molecules. Pharmacogenetic research on depression and anxiety has focused on genetic polymorphisms affecting metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, P-glycoprotein ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and monoamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolic enzymes, transporters, and receptors. Recent pharmacogenetic studies have revealed that more efficient and safer treatments with antidepressants and anxiolytics could be achieved through genotype-guided decisions. However, because pharmacogenetics cannot explain all observed heritable variations in drug response, an emerging field of pharmacoepigenetics investigates how epigenetic mechanisms, which modify gene expression without altering the genetic code, might influence individual responses to drugs. By understanding the epi(genetic) variability of a patient's response to pharmacotherapy, clinicians could select more effective drugs while minimizing the likelihood of adverse reactions and therefore improve the quality of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Radosavljevic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jancic
- Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Janko Samardzic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Popa N, Bachar D, Roberts AC, Santangelo AM, Gascon E. Region-specific microRNA alterations in marmosets carrying SLC6A4 polymorphisms are associated with anxiety-like behavior. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104159. [PMID: 35905539 PMCID: PMC9334339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric diseases such as depression and anxiety are multifactorial conditions, highly prevalent in western societies. Human studies have identified a number of high-risk genetic variants for these diseases. Among them, polymorphisms in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) have attracted much attention. However, due to the paucity of experimental models, molecular alterations induced by these genetic variants and how they correlate to behavioral deficits have not been examined. In this regard, marmosets have emerged as a powerful model in translational neuroscience to investigate molecular underpinnings of complex behaviors. METHODS Here, we took advantage of naturally occurring genetic polymorphisms in marmoset SLC6A4 gene that have been linked to anxiety-like behaviors. Using FACS-sorting, we profiled microRNA contents in different brain regions of genotyped and behaviorally-phenotyped marmosets. FINDINGS We revealed that marmosets bearing different SLC6A4 variants exhibit distinct microRNAs signatures in a region of the prefrontal cortex whose activity has been consistently altered in patients with depression/anxiety. We also identified Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC), a gene previously linked to these diseases, as a downstream target of the differently expressed microRNAs. Significantly, we showed that levels of both microRNAs and DCC in this region were highly correlated to anxiety-like behaviors. INTERPRETATION Our findings establish links between genetic variants, molecular modifications in specific cortical regions and complex behavioral responses, providing new insights into gene-behavior relationships underlying human psychopathology. FUNDING This work was supported by France National Agency, NRJ Foundation, Celphedia and Fondation de France as well as the Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Popa
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Inst Neurosci Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Dipankar Bachar
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Inst Neurosci Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Angela C Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea M Santangelo
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Gascon
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Inst Neurosci Timone, Marseille, France.
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Nascimento LV, Neto FL, Ribeiro Moreira DA, Cerutti VB, Thurow HS, Bastos GM, Ferreira EB, Crespo Hirata RD, Hirata MH. Influence of antidepressant drugs on DNA methylation of ion channels genes in blood cells of psychiatric patients. Epigenomics 2022; 14:851-864. [PMID: 35818955 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the influence of antidepressant drugs on methylation status of KCNE1, KCNH2 and SCN5A promoters and ECG parameters in adult psychiatric patients. Materials & methods: Electrocardiographic evaluation (24 h) and blood samples were obtained from 34 psychiatric patients before and after 30 days of antidepressant therapy. Methylation of promoter CpG sites of KCNE1, KCNH2 and SCN5A was analyzed by pyrosequencing. Results: Three CpG and four CpG sites of KCNE1 and SCN5A, respectively, had increased % methylation after treatment. Principal component analysis showed correlations of the methylation status with electrocardiographic variables, antidepressant doses and patient age. Conclusion: Short-term treatment with antidepressant drugs increase DNA methylation in KCNE1 and SCN5A promoters, which may induce ECG alterations in psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Vilela Nascimento
- Department of Clinical e Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco Lotufo Neto
- Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Dalmo Antonio Ribeiro Moreira
- Department of Electrophysiology & Cardiac Arrhythmias, Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology, Sao Paulo, 04012-909, Brazil
| | - Virginia Braga Cerutti
- Department of Electrophysiology & Cardiac Arrhythmias, Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology, Sao Paulo, 04012-909, Brazil
| | - Helena Strelow Thurow
- Department of Teaching & Research, Real e Benemerita Associação Portuguesa de Beneficiência, Sao Paulo, 01323-001, Brazil
| | - Gisele Medeiros Bastos
- Department of Teaching & Research, Real e Benemerita Associação Portuguesa de Beneficiência, Sao Paulo, 01323-001, Brazil
| | - Eric Batista Ferreira
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Rosario Dominguez Crespo Hirata
- Department of Clinical e Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical e Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
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Synaptic plasticity and depression: the role of miRNAs dysregulation. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9759-9765. [PMID: 35441941 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently shown to exert several functional roles in the development and function of neurons. Moreover, numerous miRNAs are present in high abundance in presynaptic and postsynaptic sites regulating synaptic plasticity and activity through different mechanisms. METHODS We searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases with key words "Synaptic plasticity", "miRNA" and "major depressive disorder. RESULTS Synaptic plasticity has an essential role in the ability of the brain to integrate transitory experiences into constant memory traces. Thus, it participates in the development of neuropsychiatric diseases such as major depressive disorder (MDD). Most notably, MDD-related alterations in synaptic function have been found to be closely related with abnormal expression of miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS Several miRNAs such as miR-9-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-128-3, miR-26a-3p, miR-218, miR-22-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-136-3p, miR-154-5p, miR-323a-3p, miR-425-5p, miR-34a, miR-137, miR-204-5p, miR-99a, miR-134, miR-124-3p and miR-3130-5p have been shown to be involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity in the context of MDD. In the current review, we elaborate the role of miRNAs in regulation of this important neuronal feature in MDD.
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Suh JS, Fiori LM, Ali M, Harkness KL, Ramonas M, Minuzzi L, Hassel S, Strother SC, Zamyadi M, Arnott SR, Farzan F, Foster JA, Lam RW, MacQueen GM, Milev R, Müller DJ, Parikh SV, Rotzinger S, Sassi RB, Soares CN, Uher R, Kennedy SH, Turecki G, Frey BN. Hypothalamus volume and DNA methylation of stress axis genes in major depressive disorder: A CAN-BIND study report. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105348. [PMID: 34229186 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is considered one of the mechanisms underlying the development of major depressive disorder (MDD), but the exact nature of this dysfunction is unknown. We investigated the relationship between hypothalamus volume (HV) and blood-derived DNA methylation in MDD. We obtained brain MRI, clinical and molecular data from 181 unmedicated MDD and 90 healthy control (HC) participants. MDD participants received a 16-week standardized antidepressant treatment protocol, as part of the first Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND) study. We collected bilateral HV measures via manual segmentation by two independent raters. DNA methylation and RNA sequencing were performed for three key HPA axis-regulating genes coding for the corticotropin-binding protein (CRHBP), glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5). We used elastic net regression to perform variable selection and assess predictive ability of methylation variables on HV. Left HV was negatively associated with duration of current episode (ρ = -0.17, p = 0.035). We did not observe significant differences in HV between MDD and HC or any associations between HV and treatment response at weeks 8 or 16, overall depression severity, illness duration or childhood maltreatment. We also did not observe any differentially methylated CpG sites between MDD and HC groups. After assessing functionality by correlating methylation levels with RNA expression of the respective genes, we observed that the number of functionally relevant CpG sites differed between MDD and HC groups in FKBP5 (χ2 = 77.25, p < 0.0001) and NR3C1 (χ2 = 7.29, p = 0.007). Cross-referencing functionally relevant CpG sites to those that were highly ranked in predicting HV in elastic net modeling identified one site from FKBP5 (cg03591753) and one from NR3C1 (cg20728768) within the MDD group. Stronger associations between DNA methylation, gene expression and HV in MDD suggest a novel putative molecular pathway of stress-related sensitivity in depression. Future studies should consider utilizing the epigenome and ultra-high field MR data which would allow the investigation of HV sub-fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Su Suh
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Laura M Fiori
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kate L Harkness
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Milita Ramonas
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stefanie Hassel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Mojdeh Zamyadi
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Faranak Farzan
- eBrain Lab, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Jane A Foster
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Glenda M MacQueen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roumen Milev
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Queen's University, and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sagar V Parikh
- University of Michigan Depression Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Susan Rotzinger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roberto B Sassi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Claudio N Soares
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Queen's University, and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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miR-9-5p is involved in the rescue of stress-dependent dendritic shortening of hippocampal pyramidal neurons induced by acute antidepressant treatment with ketamine. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100381. [PMID: 34458512 PMCID: PMC8379501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging clinical and preclinical evidence demonstrates that depressive phenotypes are associated with synaptic dysfunction and dendritic simplification in cortico-limbic glutamatergic areas. On the other hand, the rapid antidepressant effect of acute ketamine is consistently reported to occur together with the rescue of dendritic atrophy and reduction of spine number induced by chronic stress in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of animal models of depression. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying these morphological alterations remain largely unknown. Here, we found that miR-9-5p levels were selectively reduced in the hippocampus of rats vulnerable to Chronic Mild Stress (CMS), while acute subanesthetic ketamine restored its levels to basal condition in just 24h; miR-9-5p expression inversely correlated with the anhedonic phenotype. A decrease of miR-9-5p was reproduced in an in vitro model of stress, based on primary hippocampal neurons incubated with the stress hormone corticosterone. In both CMS animals and primary neurons, decreased miR-9-5p levels were associated with dendritic simplification, while treatment with ketamine completely rescued the changes. In vitro modulation of miR-9-5p expression showed a direct role of miR-9-5p in regulating dendritic length and spine density in mature primary hippocampal neurons. Among the putative target genes tested, Rest and Sirt1 were validated as biological targets in primary neuronal cultures. Moreover, in line with miR-9-5p changes, REST protein expression levels were remarkably increased in both CMS vulnerable animals and corticosterone-treated neurons, while ketamine completely abolished this alteration. Finally, the shortening of dendritic length in corticosterone-treated neurons was shown to be partly rescued by miR-9-5p overexpression and dependent on REST protein expression. Overall, our data unveiled the functional role of miR-9-5p in the remodeling of dendritic arbor induced by stress/corticosterone in vulnerable animals and its rescue by acute antidepressant treatment with ketamine.
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Bortolozzi A, Manashirov S, Chen A, Artigas F. Oligonucleotides as therapeutic tools for brain disorders: Focus on major depressive disorder and Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107873. [PMID: 33915178 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable advances in understanding the role of RNA in health and disease have expanded considerably in the last decade. RNA is becoming an increasingly important target for therapeutic intervention; therefore, it is critical to develop strategies for therapeutic modulation of RNA function. Oligonucleotides, including antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA mimic (miRNA), and anti-microRNA (antagomir) are perhaps the most direct therapeutic strategies for addressing RNA. Among other mechanisms, most oligonucleotide designs involve the formation of a hybrid with RNA that promotes its degradation by activation of endogenous enzymes such as RNase-H (e.g., ASO) or the RISC complex (e.g. RNA interference - RNAi for siRNA and miRNA). However, the use of oligonucleotides for the treatment of brain disorders is seriously compromised by two main limitations: i) how to deliver oligonucleotides to the brain compartment, avoiding the action of peripheral RNAses? and once there, ii) how to target specific neuronal populations? We review the main molecular pathways in major depressive disorder (MDD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and discuss the challenges associated with the development of novel oligonucleotide therapeutics. We pay special attention to the use of conjugated ligand-oligonucleotide approach in which the oligonucleotide sequence is covalently bound to monoamine transporter inhibitors (e.g. sertraline, reboxetine, indatraline). This strategy allows their selective accumulation in the monoamine neurons of mice and monkeys after their intranasal or intracerebroventricular administration, evoking preclinical changes predictive of a clinical therapeutic action after knocking-down disease-related genes. In addition, recent advances in oligonucleotide therapeutic clinical trials are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analia Bortolozzi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sharon Manashirov
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; miCure Therapeutics LTD., Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Yrondi A, Fiori LM, Frey BN, Lam RW, MacQueen GM, Milev R, Müller DJ, Foster JA, Kennedy SH, Turecki G. Association Between Side Effects and Blood microRNA Expression Levels and Their Targeted Pathways in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Treated by a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, Escitalopram: A CAN-BIND-1 Report. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 23:88-95. [PMID: 31819986 PMCID: PMC7093997 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antidepressant drugs are effective therapies for major depressive disorder; however, they are frequently associated with side effects. Although there is some evidence for a relationship between genetic variation and side effects, little is known regarding the role of dynamic molecular factors as moderators of side effects. The aim of this study was to assess microRNA (miRNA) changes associated with side effects during escitalopram treatment and their downstream effects on target gene expression. METHODS A total 160 patients with major depressive disorder from the CAN-BIND-1 cohort were included. Side effects were assessed with the Toronto Side Effect Scale after 2 weeks of treatment with escitalopram. We assessed the relationship between side effects and changes in peripheral expression of miRNAs between baseline and week 2. For miRNA whose expression changed, we used target prediction algorithms to identify putative messenger RNA (mRNA) targets and assessed their expression. RESULTS Nausea was experienced by 42.5% of patients. We identified 45 miRNAs whose expression changed on initiation of escitalopram treatment, of which 10 displayed a negative association with intensity of nausea (miR15b-5p, miR17-5p, miR20a-5p, miR20b-5p, miR103a-3p, miR103b, miR106a-5p, miR182-5p, miR185-5p, and miR660-5p). Additionally, we found negative associations between 4 microRNAs (miR20a-5p, miR106a-5p, miR185-5p, miR660-5p) and mRNA targets. The expression of the miR185-5p target, CAMK2δ was significantly decreased [log 2 mean = -0.048 (0.233)] between weeks 0 and 2 (P = .01)]. CONCLUSIONS We identified an overexpression of miR185-5p during escitalopram treatment of major depressive disorder, which was negatively associated with intensity of nausea, and identified a potential mRNA target that may mediate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Yrondi
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura M Fiori
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- McMaster University and St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Glenda M MacQueen
- University of Calgary Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roumen Milev
- Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane A Foster
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,St Michael’s Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Centre for Depression and Suicide, Studies, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Correspondence: Gustavo Turecki, MD, PhD, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B Common Pavilion Room F-3125, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3 Canada ()
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11
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Duffy A, Goodday SM, Keown-Stoneman C, Scotti M, Maitra M, Nagy C, Horrocks J, Turecki G. Epigenetic markers in inflammation-related genes associated with mood disorder: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in high-risk offspring of bipolar parents. Int J Bipolar Disord 2019; 7:17. [PMID: 31385059 PMCID: PMC6682840 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-019-0152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is highly heritable and typically onsets in late adolescence or early adulthood. Evidence suggests that immune activation may be a mediating pathway between genetic predisposition and onset of mood disorders. Building on a prior study of mRNA and protein levels in high-risk offspring published in this Journal, we conducted a preliminary examination of methylation profiles in candidate immune genes from a subsample of well-characterized emergent adult (mean 20 years) offspring of bipolar parents from the Canadian Flourish high-risk cohort. Models were adjusted for variable age at DNA collection, sex and antidepressant and mood stabilizer use. On cross-sectional analysis, there was evidence of higher methylation rates for BDNF-1 in high-risk offspring affected (n = 27) and unaffected (n = 23) for mood disorder compared to controls (n = 24) and higher methylation rates in affected high-risk offspring for NR3C1 compared to controls. Longitudinal analyses (25 to 34 months) provided evidence of steeper decline in methylation rates in controls (n = 24) for NR3C1 compared to affected (n = 15) and unaffected (n = 11) high-risk offspring and for BDNF-2 compared to affected high-risk. There was insufficient evidence that changes in any of the candidate gene methylation rates were associated with illness recurrence in high-risk offspring. While preliminary, findings suggest that longitudinal investigation of epigenetic markers in well-characterized high-risk individuals over the peak period of risk may be informative to understand the emergence of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duffy
- Division of Student Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, 146 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | | | | | - Martina Scotti
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Malosree Maitra
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Horrocks
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Guelph University, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Hack LM, Fries GR, Eyre HA, Bousman CA, Singh AB, Quevedo J, John VP, Baune BT, Dunlop BW. Moving pharmacoepigenetics tools for depression toward clinical use. J Affect Disord 2019; 249:336-346. [PMID: 30802699 PMCID: PMC6763314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and over half of patients do not achieve symptom remission following an initial antidepressant course. Despite evidence implicating a strong genetic basis for the pathophysiology of MDD, there are no adequately validated biomarkers of treatment response routinely used in clinical practice. Pharmacoepigenetics is an emerging field that has the potential to combine both genetic and environmental information into treatment selection and further the goal of precision psychiatry. However, this field is in its infancy compared to the more established pharmacogenetics approaches. METHODS We prepared a narrative review using literature searches of studies in English pertaining to pharmacoepigenetics and treatment of depressive disorders conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, PsychINFO, and Ovid Medicine from inception through January 2019. We reviewed studies of DNA methylation and histone modifications in both humans and animal models of depression. RESULTS Emerging evidence from human and animal work suggests a key role for epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, in the prediction of antidepressant response. The challenges of heterogeneity of patient characteristics and loci studied as well as lack of replication that have impacted the field of pharmacogenetics also pose challenges to the development of pharmacoepigenetic tools. Additionally, given the tissue specific nature of epigenetic marks as well as their susceptibility to change in response to environmental factors and aging, pharmacoepigenetic tools face additional challenges to their development. LIMITATIONS This is a narrative and not systematic review of the literature on the pharmacoepigenetics of antidepressant response. We highlight key studies pertaining to pharmacoepigenetics and treatment of depressive disorders in humans and depressive-like behaviors in animal models, regardless of sample size or methodology. While we discuss DNA methylation and histone modifications, we do not cover microRNAs, which have been reviewed elsewhere recently. CONCLUSIONS Utilization of genome-wide approaches and reproducible epigenetic assays, careful selection of the tissue assessed, and integration of genetic and clinical information into pharmacoepigenetic tools will improve the likelihood of developing clinically useful tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Hack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harris A Eyre
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Innovation Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chad A Bousman
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ajeet B Singh
- IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vineeth P John
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Boadie W Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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13
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Yrondi A, Nemmi F, Billoux S, Giron A, Sporer M, Taib S, Salles J, Pierre D, Thalamas C, Schmitt L, Péran P, Arbus C. Significant Decrease in Hippocampus and Amygdala Mean Diffusivity in Treatment-Resistant Depression Patients Who Respond to Electroconvulsive Therapy. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:694. [PMID: 31607967 PMCID: PMC6761799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The hippocampus plays a key role in depressive disorder, and the amygdala is involved in depressive disorder through the key role that it plays in emotional regulation. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may alter the microstructure of these two regions. Since mean diffusivity (MD), is known to be an indirect marker of microstructural integrity and can be derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans, we aim to test the hypothesis that treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients undergoing bilateral (BL) ECT exhibit a decrease of MD in their hippocampus and amygdala. Methods: Patients, between 50 and 70 years of age, diagnosed with TRD were recruited from the University Hospital of Toulouse and assessed clinically (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAM-D) and by DTI scans at three time points: baseline, V2 (during treatment), and V3 within 1 week of completing ECT. Results: We included 15 patients, who were all responders. The left and right hippocampi and the left amygdala showed a significant decrease in MD at V3, compared to baseline [respectively: β = -2.78, t = -1.97, p = 0.04; β = -2.56, t = -2, p = 0.04; β = -2.5, t = -2.3, p = 0.04, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected]. MD did not decrease in the right amygdala. Only the left amygdala was significantly associated with a reduction in HAM-D (ρ = 0.55, p = 0.049, FDR corrected). Conclusion: MD is an indirect microstructural integrity marker, which decreases in the hippocampus and the left amygdala, during BL ECT in TRD populations. This could be interpreted as a normalization of microstructural integrity in these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Yrondi
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU Toulouse, Hospital Purpan, ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Federico Nemmi
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Billoux
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Service de médicine légale, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Giron
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, CHU de Toulouse, Hospital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Sporer
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, CHU de Toulouse, Hospital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Taib
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, CHU Toulouse, Hospital Purpan, ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Juliette Salles
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, CHU de Toulouse, Hospital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Pierre
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU Toulouse, Hospital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Thalamas
- CIC 1436, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU de Toulouse, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Schmitt
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU Toulouse, Hospital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Péran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Arbus
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU Toulouse, Hospital Purpan, ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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14
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Rutten BPF. Neuroepigenetics of Mental Illness: The Inside Outs of the Outside Within. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 158:1-13. [PMID: 30072049 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to environmentally sensitive modifications to DNA and chromatin that regulate gene transcription without altering the genetic sequence itself. Because of the brain's central role in a person's adaptation to dynamic changes in the environment, the field of epigenetic research is particularly pertinent for the neurosciences and mental health and illness. "Neuroepigenetics" refers to the field of epigenetics, as applied to research of the nervous system and related functional abilities. The onset and course of mental disorders revolve around person-environment interactions, i.e., the interplay between environmental factors with people (and their brain) throughout life and on the background of an individual's inherited genomic make-up. With respect to the nervous system and its functional abilities, neuroepigenetic research aims to turn the inside outs by explicating the epigenetic profiles that regulate gene expression within cells while epigenetic profiles themselves may reflect the imprints of external factors (the outside of the organism). Neuroepigenetic research is of prime importance for elucidating the molecular underpinnings of gene-environment interplay in relation to functional abilities of the brain and mental health throughout life, and thus for identifying the mechanisms underlying onset and course of mental disorders. However, neuroepigenetic research is still in its infancy and many conceptual and methodological challenges are apparent. In addition, there are considerable complexities and major challenges in conceptualizing the nature and diagnosis of mental disorders, and these need to be taken into account in studying neuroepigenetics of mental disorders. The current manuscript provides an overview and conceptual framework for neuroepigenetic research in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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