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Gunnarsdóttir I, Brantsæter AL. Iodine: a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10369. [PMID: 38187800 PMCID: PMC10770700 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). As in many other parts of the world, insufficient iodine intake and consequently insufficient iodine status is a public health challenge in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The main dietary sources of iodine in the Nordic and Baltic countries include cow's milk, saltwater fish, eggs, products containing iodised salt, and iodised table salt. Only Denmark (DK), Finland (FI) and Sweden (SE) have implemented mandatory (DK) or voluntary (SE, FI) salt iodisation. New data, as well as recent studies from the Nordic and Baltic countries, strengthen the evidence that the main health challenges related to insufficient iodine intake remain thyroid function and thyroid disease, mental development, and cognitive function. Excessive intakes can also cause hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroid disease, and thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Lévay B, Lantos A, Sinkovics I, Slezák A, Tóth E, Dohán O. The master role of polarized NIS expression in regulating iodine metabolism in the human body. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 67:256-261. [PMID: 36913678 PMCID: PMC10689030 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate how polarized sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression may regulate iodide metabolism in vivo. Materials and methods Polarized NIS expression was analyzed in tissues that accumulate iodide by the use of immunohistochemistry and polyclonal antibody against the C-terminal end of human NIS (hNIS). Results Iodide absorption in the human intestine occurs via NIS expressed in the apical membrane. Iodide is secreted into the lumen of the stomach and salivary glands via NIS expressed in the basolateral membrane and then circulates back from the small intestine to the bloodstream via NIS expressed in the apical membrane. Conclusion Polarized NIS expression in the human body regulates intestinal-bloodstream recirculation of iodide, perhaps prolonging the availability of iodide in the bloodstream. This leads to more efficient iodide trapping by the thyroid gland. Understanding the regulation and manipulating gastrointestinal iodide recirculation could increase radioiodine availability during theranostic NIS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Lévay
- National Institute of Oncology, Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Center, Budapest, Hungary,
| | - András Lantos
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Department of Pathology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Sinkovics
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Slezák
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Molecular Pathology and Surgical Pathology Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Tóth
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Molecular Pathology and Surgical Pathology Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Dohán
- Semmelweis University, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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Tsai K, Inoue K, McClean M, Kaunitz JD, Akiba Y, Lee ML, Neverova NV, Currier JW, Ebrahimi R, Bashir MT, Leung AM. Iodine contrast exposure and incident COVID-19 infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1033601. [DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIodine and particularly its oxidated forms have long been recognized for its effective antiseptic properties. Limited in vitro and in vivo data suggest that iodine exposure may rapidly inactivate, reduce transmission, and reduce infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesized that iodine exposure may be associated with decreased incident COVID-19 infection.MethodsA retrospective population-level cohort analysis was performed of the U.S. Veterans Health Administration between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2020, before the widespread availability of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the associations between iodinated contrast exposure and incident COVID-19 infection, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, place of residence, socioeconomic status, and insurance status.Results530,942 COVID-19 tests from 333,841 Veterans (mean ± SD age, 62.7 ± 15.2 years; 90.2% men; 61.9% non-Hispanic Whites) were analyzed, of whom 9% had received iodinated contrast ≤60 days of a COVID-19 test. Iodine exposure was associated with decreased incident COVID-19 test positivity (OR, 0.75 95% CI, 0.71–0.78). In stratified analyses, the associations between iodinated contrast use and decreased COVID-19 infection risk did not differ by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.ConclusionIodine exposure may be protective against incident COVID-19 infection. Weighed against the risks of supraphysiologic iodine intake, dietary, and supplemental iodine nutrition not to exceed its Tolerable Upper Limit may confer an antimicrobial benefit against SARS-CoV-2. A safe but antimicrobial level of iodine supplementation may be considered in susceptible individuals, particularly in geographic regions where effective COVID-19 vaccines are not yet readily available.
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Bernal Barquero CE, Martín M, Geysels RC, Peyret V, Papendieck P, Masini-Repiso AM, Chiesa AE, Nicola JP. An Intramolecular Ionic Interaction Linking Defective Sodium/Iodide Symporter Transport to the Plasma Membrane and Dyshormonogenic Congenital Hypothyroidism. Thyroid 2022; 32:19-27. [PMID: 34726525 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2021.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mediates active iodide accumulation in the thyroid follicular cell. Autosomal recessive iodide transport defect (ITD)-causing loss-of-function NIS variants lead to dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism due to deficient iodide accumulation for thyroid hormonogenesis. Here, we aimed to identify, and if so to functionally characterize, novel ITD-causing NIS pathogenic variants in a patient diagnosed with severe dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism due to a defect in iodide accumulation in the thyroid follicular cell, as suggested by nondetectable radioiodide accumulation in a normally located thyroid gland, as well as in salivary glands. Methods: The proposita NIS-coding SLC5A5 gene was sequenced using Sanger sequencing. In silico analysis and functional in vitro characterization of the novel NIS variants were performed. Results: Sanger sequencing revealed novel compound heterozygous SLC5A5 gene variants (c.970-3C>A and c.1106A>T, p.D369V). In silico analysis suggested that c.970-3C>A disrupts the canonical splice acceptor site located in intron 7. Splicing minigene reporter assay revealed that c.970-3C>A causes exon 8 skipping during NIS pre-mRNA splicing leading to the NIS pathogenic variant p.Y324Hfs*148. Moreover, in silico analysis indicated p.D369V as pathogenic. Functional in vitro studies demonstrated that p.D369V NIS does not mediate iodide accumulation, as p.D369V causes NIS to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mechanistically, we propose an intramolecular ionic interaction involving the β carboxyl group of D369 and the guanidinium group of R130, located in transmembrane segment 4. Of note, an Asp residue at position 369-which is highly conserved in SLC5A family members-is required for functional NIS expression at the plasma membrane. Conclusions: We uncovered a critical intramolecular interaction between R130 and D369 required for NIS maturation and plasma membrane expression. Moreover, we identified the first intronic variant causing aberrant NIS pre-mRNA splicing, thus expanding the mutational landscape in the SLC5A5 gene leading to dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Bernal Barquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariano Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Romina Celeste Geysels
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria Peyret
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Patricia Papendieck
- División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas Dr. César Bergadá-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEDIE-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Masini-Repiso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Elena Chiesa
- División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas Dr. César Bergadá-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEDIE-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Nicola
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Martín M, Salleron L, Peyret V, Geysels RC, Darrouzet E, Lindenthal S, Bernal Barquero CE, Masini-Repiso AM, Pourcher T, Nicola JP. The PDZ protein SCRIB regulates sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expression at the basolateral plasma membrane. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21681. [PMID: 34196428 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100303r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expresses at the basolateral plasma membrane of the thyroid follicular cell and mediates iodide accumulation required for normal thyroid hormonogenesis. Loss-of-function NIS variants cause congenital hypothyroidism due to impaired iodide accumulation in thyroid follicular cells underscoring the significance of NIS for thyroid physiology. Here we report novel findings derived from the thorough characterization of the nonsense NIS mutant p.R636* NIS-leading to a truncated protein missing the last eight amino acids-identified in twins with congenital hypothyroidism. R636* NIS is severely mislocalized into intracellular vesicular compartments due to the lack of a conserved carboxy-terminal type 1 PDZ-binding motif. As a result, R636* NIS is barely targeted to the plasma membrane and therefore iodide transport is reduced. Deletion of the PDZ-binding motif causes NIS accumulation into late endosomes and lysosomes. Using PDZ domain arrays, we revealed that the PDZ-domain containing protein SCRIB binds to the carboxy-terminus of NIS by a PDZ-PDZ interaction. Furthermore, in CRISPR/Cas9-based SCRIB deficient cells, NIS expression at the basolateral plasma membrane is compromised, leading to NIS localization into intracellular vesicular compartments. We conclude that the PDZ-binding motif is a plasma membrane retention signal that participates in the polarized expression of NIS by selectively interacting with the PDZ-domain containing protein SCRIB, thus retaining the transporter at the basolateral plasma membrane. Our data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate NIS expression at the plasma membrane, a topic of great interest in the thyroid cancer field considering the relevance of NIS-mediated radioactive iodide therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lisa Salleron
- Transporteurs, Imagerie et Radiothérapie en Oncologie, Faculté de médecine, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut des sciences du vivant Fréderic Joliot, Nice, France
| | - Victoria Peyret
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Romina Celeste Geysels
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elisabeth Darrouzet
- Transporteurs, Imagerie et Radiothérapie en Oncologie, Faculté de médecine, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut des sciences du vivant Fréderic Joliot, Nice, France
| | - Sabine Lindenthal
- Transporteurs, Imagerie et Radiothérapie en Oncologie, Faculté de médecine, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut des sciences du vivant Fréderic Joliot, Nice, France
| | - Carlos Eduardo Bernal Barquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana María Masini-Repiso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Thierry Pourcher
- Transporteurs, Imagerie et Radiothérapie en Oncologie, Faculté de médecine, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut des sciences du vivant Fréderic Joliot, Nice, France
| | - Juan Pablo Nicola
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Consumption of multiple micronutrients or small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements containing iodine at the recommended dose during pregnancy, compared with iron and folic acid, does not affect women's urinary iodine concentration in rural Malawi: a secondary outcome analysis of the iLiNS DYAD trial. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:3049-3057. [PMID: 33054890 PMCID: PMC9884741 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020003250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inadequate iodine intake during pregnancy increases the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate whether prenatal supplements containing iodine affect urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) of pregnant women in Malawi. DESIGN A randomised controlled trial. Pregnant women (n 1391) were assigned to consume 60 mg/d Fe and 400 µg/d folic acid (IFA) or 18 vitamins and minerals including 250 µg/d iodine (MMN) or 20 g/d small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) with similar nutrient contents as MMN group, plus macronutrients (LNS) until childbirth. In a sub-study (n 317), we evaluated group geometric mean urinary iodine concentration (UIC) (µg/L) at 36 weeks of gestation controlling for baseline UIC and compared median (baseline) and geometric mean (36 weeks) UIC with WHO cut-offs: UIC < 150, 150-249, 250-499 and ≥500 reflecting insufficient, adequate, above requirements and excessive iodine intakes, respectively. SETTING Mangochi District, Malawi. PARTICIPANTS Women ≤20 weeks pregnant. RESULTS Groups had comparable background characteristics. At baseline, overall median (Q1, Q3) UIC (319 (167, 559)) suggested iodine intakes above requirements. At 36 weeks, the geometric mean (95 % CI) UIC of the IFA (197 (171, 226)), MMN (212 (185, 243)) and LNS (220 (192, 253)) groups did not differ (P = 0·53) and reflected adequate intakes. CONCLUSIONS In this setting, provision of supplements containing iodine at the recommended dose to pregnant women with relatively high iodine intakes at baseline, presumably from iodised salt, has no impact on the women's UIC. Regular monitoring of the iodine status of pregnant women in such settings is advisable. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01239693.
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Martín M, Modenutti CP, Gil Rosas ML, Peyret V, Geysels RC, Bernal Barquero CE, Sobrero G, Muñoz L, Signorino M, Testa G, Miras MB, Masini-Repiso AM, Calcaterra NB, Coux G, Carrasco N, Martí MA, Nicola JP. A Novel SLC5A5 Variant Reveals the Crucial Role of Kinesin Light Chain 2 in Thyroid Hormonogenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1867-1881. [PMID: 33912899 PMCID: PMC8208674 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Iodide transport defect (ITD) (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man No. 274400) is an uncommon cause of dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism due to loss-of-function variants in the SLC5A5 gene, which encodes the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), causing deficient iodide accumulation in thyroid follicular cells. OBJECTIVE This work aims to determine the molecular basis of a patient's ITD clinical phenotype. METHODS The propositus was diagnosed with dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism with minimal 99mTc-pertechnetate accumulation in a eutopic thyroid gland. The propositus SLC5A5 gene was sequenced. Functional in vitro characterization of the novel NIS variant was performed. RESULTS Sanger sequencing revealed a novel homozygous missense p.G561E NIS variant. Mechanistically, the G561E substitution reduces iodide uptake, because targeting of G561E NIS to the plasma membrane is reduced. Biochemical analyses revealed that G561E impairs the recognition of an adjacent tryptophan-acidic motif by the kinesin-1 subunit kinesin light chain 2 (KLC2), interfering with NIS maturation beyond the endoplasmic reticulum, and reducing iodide accumulation. Structural bioinformatic analysis suggests that G561E shifts the equilibrium of the unstructured tryptophan-acidic motif toward a more structured conformation unrecognizable to KLC2. Consistently, knockdown of Klc2 causes defective NIS maturation and consequently decreases iodide accumulation in rat thyroid cells. Morpholino knockdown of klc2 reduces thyroid hormone synthesis in zebrafish larvae leading to a hypothyroid state as revealed by expression profiling of key genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. CONCLUSION We report a novel NIS pathogenic variant associated with dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism. Detailed molecular characterization of G561E NIS uncovered the significance of KLC2 in thyroid physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos Pablo Modenutti
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauco Lucas Gil Rosas
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2000EZP Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, S2000EZP Rosario, Argentina
| | - Victoria Peyret
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Romina Celeste Geysels
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos Eduardo Bernal Barquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Sobrero
- Programa Provincial de Pesquisa Neonatal, Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad de Córdoba, X5014AKK Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana Muñoz
- Programa Provincial de Pesquisa Neonatal, Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad de Córdoba, X5014AKK Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Malvina Signorino
- Programa Provincial de Pesquisa Neonatal, Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad de Córdoba, X5014AKK Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Graciela Testa
- Programa Provincial de Pesquisa Neonatal, Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad de Córdoba, X5014AKK Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mirta Beatriz Miras
- Programa Provincial de Pesquisa Neonatal, Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad de Córdoba, X5014AKK Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana María Masini-Repiso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nora Beatriz Calcaterra
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2000EZP Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, S2000EZP Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Coux
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2000EZP Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, S2000EZP Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nancy Carrasco
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, 06510 New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, 37232 Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcelo Adrián Martí
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Nicola
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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Romano RM, de Oliveira JM, de Oliveira VM, de Oliveira IM, Torres YR, Bargi-Souza P, Martino Andrade AJ, Romano MA. Could Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Be Associated With Increased Thyroid Diseases Worldwide? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:627167. [PMID: 33815286 PMCID: PMC8018287 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.627167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of thyroid diseases raises a series of questions about what the main predisposing factors are nowadays. If dietary restriction of iodine was once a major global health concern, today, the processes of industrialization of food and high exposure to a wide variety of environmental chemicals may be affecting, directly or indirectly, thyroid function. The homeostasis of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is finely regulated through the negative feedback mechanism exerted by thyroid hormones. Allostatic mechanisms are triggered to adjust the physiology of HPT axis in chronic conditions. Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides are pesticides with controversial endocrine disrupting activities and only few studies have approached their effects on HPT axis and thyroid function. However, glyphosate has an electrophilic and nucleophilic zwitterion chemical structure that may affect the mechanisms involved in iodide oxidation and organification, as well as the oxidative phosphorylation in the ATP synthesis. Thus, in this review, we aimed to: (1) discuss the critical points in the regulation of HPT axis and thyroid hormones levels balance, which may be susceptible to the toxic action of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides, correlating the molecular mechanisms involved in glyphosate toxicity described in the literature that may, directly or indirectly, be associated to the higher incidence of thyroid diseases; and (2) present the literature regarding glyphosate toxicity in HPT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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9
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Gao M, Chen W, Dong S, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Sun H, Zhang Y, Wu W, Pan Z, Gao S, Lin L, Shen J, Tan L, Wang G, Zhang W. Assessing the impact of drinking water iodine concentrations on the iodine intake of Chinese pregnant women living in areas with restricted iodized salt supply. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1023-1030. [PMID: 32577887 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The supply of non-iodized salt and the water improvement project have been conducted to reduce the iodine concentration in drinking water in areas with elevated water iodine. We aimed to assess the impact of water iodine concentration (WIC) on the iodine intake of pregnant women in areas with restricted iodized salt supply, and determine the cutoff values of WIC in areas with non-iodized salt supply. METHODS Overall, 534 pregnant women who attended routine antenatal outpatient visits in Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Gaoqing County were recruited. The 24-h urine iodine excretion (UIE) in 534 samples and the iodine concentration in 534 drinking water samples were estimated. Urinary iodine excretion, daily iodine intake, and daily iodine intake from drinking water (WII) were calculated. The relationship between WIC and daily iodine take was analyzed. RESULTS The median WIC, spot urine iodine concentration (UIC), and 24-h UIE were 17 (6, 226) μg/L, 145 (88, 267) μg/L, and 190 (110, 390) μg/day, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between WIC and UIE (R2 = 0.265, p < 0.001) and UIC (R2 = 0.261, p < 0.001). The contribution rate of WII to total iodine intake increased from 3.0% in the group with WIC of < 10 μg/L to 45.7% in the group with WIC of 50-99 μg/L. CONCLUSION The iodine content in drinking water is the major iodine source in pregnant women living in high-water iodine areas where iodized salt supply is restricted. The contribution rate of daily iodine intake from drinking water increases with the increase in water iodine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gao
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - W Chen
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - S Dong
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Chen
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Q Zhang
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - H Sun
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Zhang
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - W Wu
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Pan
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - S Gao
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - L Lin
- Tianjin Institution of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - J Shen
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - L Tan
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - G Wang
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Gaoqing County, Gaoqing, China
| | - W Zhang
- The Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Healthcare and Medical, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
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10
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Lisco G, De Tullio A, Giagulli VA, De Pergola G, Triggiani V. Interference on Iodine Uptake and Human Thyroid Function by Perchlorate-Contaminated Water and Food. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061669. [PMID: 32512711 PMCID: PMC7352877 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Perchlorate-induced natrium-iodide symporter (NIS) interference is a well-recognized thyroid disrupting mechanism. It is unclear, however, whether a chronic low-dose exposure to perchlorate delivered by food and drinks may cause thyroid dysfunction in the long term. Thus, the aim of this review was to overview and summarize literature results in order to clarify this issue. Methods: Authors searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, institutional websites and Google until April 2020 for relevant information about the fundamental mechanism of the thyroid NIS interference induced by orally consumed perchlorate compounds and its clinical consequences. Results: Food and drinking water should be considered relevant sources of perchlorate. Despite some controversies, cross-sectional studies demonstrated that perchlorate exposure affects thyroid hormone synthesis in infants, adolescents and adults, particularly in the case of underlying thyroid diseases and iodine insufficiency. An exaggerated exposure to perchlorate during pregnancy leads to a worse neurocognitive and behavioral development outcome in infants, regardless of maternal thyroid hormone levels. Discussion and conclusion: The effects of a chronic low-dose perchlorate exposure on thyroid homeostasis remain still unclear, leading to concerns especially for highly sensitive patients. Specific studies are needed to clarify this issue, aiming to better define strategies of detection and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- ASL Brindisi, Unit of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Clinical Nutrition, Hospital “A. Perrino”, Strada per Mesagne 7, 72100 Brindisi, Puglia, Italy;
| | - Anna De Tullio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine—Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Puglia, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine—Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Puglia, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.)
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Conversano Hospital, Via Edmondo de Amicis 36, 70014 Conversano, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Puglia, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine—Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Puglia, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Cakmak I, Marzorati M, Van den Abbeele P, Hora K, Holwerda HT, Yazici MA, Savasli E, Neri J, Du Laing G. Fate and Bioaccessibility of Iodine in Food Prepared from Agronomically Biofortified Wheat and Rice and Impact of Cofertilization with Zinc and Selenium. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1525-1535. [PMID: 31942799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Enrichment of food crops with iodine is an option to alleviate dietary deficiencies. Therefore, foliar iodine fertilizer was applied on wheat and rice, in the presence and absence of the other micronutrients zinc and selenium. This treatment increased the concentration of iodine, as well as zinc and selenium, in the staple grains. Subsequently, potential iodine losses during preparation of foodstuffs with the enriched grains were studied. Oven-heating did not affect the iodine content in bread. Extraction of bran from flour lowered the iodine in white bread compared to wholegrain bread, but it was still markedly higher compared to the control. During subsequent in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, a higher percentage of iodine was released from foods based on extracted flour (82-92%) compared to wholegrain foods (50-76%). The foliar fertilization of wheat was found to be adequate to alleviate iodine deficiency in a population with a moderate to high intake of bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences , Sabanci University , 34956 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BVBA , 9052 Gent , Belgium
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , 9000 Gent , Belgium
| | | | - Katja Hora
- SQM International N.V. , 2030 Antwerpen , Belgium
| | | | - Mustafa Atilla Yazici
- Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences , Sabanci University , 34956 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Erdinc Savasli
- Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute , 26002 Eskisehir , Turkey
| | - Joachim Neri
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , B-9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , B-9000 Gent , Belgium
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12
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Martín M, Modenutti CP, Peyret V, Geysels RC, Darrouzet E, Pourcher T, Masini-Repiso AM, Martí MA, Carrasco N, Nicola JP. A Carboxy-Terminal Monoleucine-Based Motif Participates in the Basolateral Targeting of the Na+/I- Symporter. Endocrinology 2019; 160:156-168. [PMID: 30496374 PMCID: PMC6936561 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Na+/iodide (I-) symporter (NIS), a glycoprotein expressed at the basolateral plasma membrane of thyroid follicular cells, mediates I- accumulation for thyroid hormonogenesis and radioiodide therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, differentiated thyroid tumors often exhibit lower I- transport than normal thyroid tissue (or even undetectable I- transport). Paradoxically, the majority of differentiated thyroid cancers show intracellular NIS expression, suggesting abnormal targeting to the plasma membrane. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms that regulate NIS plasma membrane transport would have multiple implications for radioiodide therapy. In this study, we show that the intracellularly facing carboxy-terminus of NIS is required for the transport of the protein to the plasma membrane. Moreover, the carboxy-terminus contains dominant basolateral information. Using internal deletions and site-directed mutagenesis at the carboxy-terminus, we identified a highly conserved monoleucine-based sorting motif that determines NIS basolateral expression. Furthermore, in clathrin adaptor protein (AP)-1B-deficient cells, NIS sorting to the basolateral plasma membrane is compromised, causing the protein to also be expressed at the apical plasma membrane. Computer simulations suggest that the AP-1B subunit σ1 recognizes the monoleucine-based sorting motif in NIS carboxy-terminus. Although the mechanisms by which NIS is intracellularly retained in thyroid cancer remain elusive, our findings may open up avenues for identifying molecular targets that can be used to treat radioiodide-refractory thyroid tumors that express NIS intracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI–CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos Pablo Modenutti
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN–CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Correspondence: Juan Pablo Nicola, PhD, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI–CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina. E-mail:
| | - Victoria Peyret
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI–CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Romina Celeste Geysels
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI–CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elisabeth Darrouzet
- Laboratoire Transporteurs en Imagerie et Radiothérapie en Oncologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis–Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Laboratoire Transporteurs en Imagerie et Radiothérapie en Oncologie, Faculté de Médecine, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Nice, France
| | - Thierry Pourcher
- Laboratoire Transporteurs en Imagerie et Radiothérapie en Oncologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis–Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Laboratoire Transporteurs en Imagerie et Radiothérapie en Oncologie, Faculté de Médecine, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Nice, France
| | - Ana María Masini-Repiso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI–CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Adrián Martí
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN–CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Carrasco
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Juan Pablo Nicola
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI–CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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Goff JP. Invited review: Mineral absorption mechanisms, mineral interactions that affect acid-base and antioxidant status, and diet considerations to improve mineral status. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2763-2813. [PMID: 29397180 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several minerals are required for life to exist. In animals, 7 elements (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, and S) are required to be present in the diet in fairly large amounts (grams to tens of grams each day for the dairy cow) and are termed macrominerals. Several other elements are termed microminerals or trace minerals because they are required in much smaller amounts (milligrams to micrograms each day). In most cases the mineral in the diet must be absorbed across the gastrointestinal mucosa and enter the blood if it is to be of value to the animal. The bulk of this review discusses the paracellular and transcellular mechanisms used by the gastrointestinal tract to absorb each of the various minerals needed. Unfortunately, particularly in ruminants, interactions between minerals and other substances within the diet can occur within the digestive tract that impair mineral absorption. The attributes of organic or chelated minerals that might permit diet minerals to circumvent factors that inhibit absorption of more traditional inorganic forms of these minerals are discussed. Once absorbed, minerals are used in many ways. One focus of this review is the effect macrominerals have on the acid-base status of the animal. Manipulation of dietary cation and anion content is commonly used as a tool in the dry period and during lactation to improve performance. A section on how the strong ion theory can be used to understand these effects is included. Many microminerals play a role in the body as cofactors of enzymes involved in controlling free radicals within the body and are vital to antioxidant capabilities. Those same minerals, when consumed in excess, can become pro-oxidants in the body, generating destructive free radicals. Complex interactions between minerals can compromise the effectiveness of a diet in promoting health and productivity of the cow. The objective of this review is to provide insight into some of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P Goff
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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14
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Ravera S, Reyna-Neyra A, Ferrandino G, Amzel LM, Carrasco N. The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS): Molecular Physiology and Preclinical and Clinical Applications. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:261-289. [PMID: 28192058 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Active iodide (I-) transport in both the thyroid and some extrathyroidal tissues is mediated by the Na+/I- symporter (NIS). In the thyroid, NIS-mediated I- uptake plays a pivotal role in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis. THs are key during embryonic and postembryonic development and critical for cell metabolism at all stages of life. The molecular characterization of NIS in 1996 and the use of radioactive I- isotopes have led to significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer and provide the molecular basis for studies aimed at extending the use of radioiodide treatment in extrathyroidal malignancies. This review focuses on the most recent findings on I- homeostasis and I- transport deficiency-causing NIS mutations, as well as current knowledge of the structure/function properties of NIS and NIS regulatory mechanisms. We also discuss employing NIS as a reporter gene using viral vectors and stem cells in imaging, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
| | - Andrea Reyna-Neyra
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
| | - Giuseppe Ferrandino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Nancy Carrasco
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
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15
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Serrano-Nascimento C, Nicola JP, Teixeira SDS, Poyares LL, Lellis-Santos C, Bordin S, Masini-Repiso AM, Nunes MT. Excess iodide downregulates Na(+)/I(-) symporter gene transcription through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 426:73-90. [PMID: 26872612 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional mechanisms associated with iodide-induced downregulation of NIS expression remain uncertain. Here, we further analyzed the transcriptional regulation of NIS gene expression by excess iodide using PCCl3 cells. NIS promoter activity was reduced in cells treated for 12-24 h with 10(-5) to 10(-3) M NaI. Site-directed mutagenesis of Pax8 and NF-κB cis-acting elements abrogated the iodide-induced NIS transcription repression. Indeed, excess iodide (10(-3) M) excluded Pax8 from the nucleus, decreased p65 total expression and reduced their transcriptional activity. Importantly, p65-Pax8 physical interaction and binding to NIS upstream enhancer were reduced upon iodide treatment. PI3K/Akt pathway activation by iodide-induced ROS production is involved in the transcriptional repression of NIS expression. In conclusion, the results indicated that excess iodide transcriptionally represses NIS gene expression through the impairment of Pax8 and p65 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the data presented herein described novel roles for PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and oxidative status in the thyroid autoregulatory phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Serrano-Nascimento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juan Pablo Nicola
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Silvania da Silva Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leonice Lourenço Poyares
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camilo Lellis-Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Masini-Repiso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nicola JP, Reyna-Neyra A, Saenger P, Rodriguez-Buritica DF, Gamez Godoy JD, Muzumdar R, Amzel LM, Carrasco N. Sodium/Iodide Symporter Mutant V270E Causes Stunted Growth but No Cognitive Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015. [PMID: 26204134 PMCID: PMC4596044 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Iodide (I(-)), an essential constituent of the thyroid hormones, is actively accumulated in the thyroid by the Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS), a key plasma membrane protein encoded by the slc5a5 gene. Mutations in slc5a5 cause I(-) transport defects (ITDs), autosomal-recessive disorders in which I(-) accumulation is totally or partially impaired, leading to congenital hypothyroidism. The characterization of NIS mutants has yielded significant insights into the molecular mechanism of NIS. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the basis of a patient's ITD clinical phenotype, by sequencing her slc5a5 gene. DESIGN Genomic DNA was purified and the slc5a5 gene sequence determined. Functional in vitro studies were performed to characterize the V270E NIS mutant. PATIENT The index patient was diagnosed with hypothyroidism with minimal radioiodide uptake in a normally located, although enlarged, thyroid gland. RESULTS We identified a new NIS mutation: V270E. The patient had the compound heterozygous NIS mutation R124H/V270E. R124H NIS has been characterized previously. We show that V270E markedly reduces I(-) uptake via a pronounced (but not total) impairment of the protein's plasma membrane targeting. Remarkably, V270E is intrinsically active. Therefore, a negative charge at position 270 interferes with NIS cell surface trafficking. The patient's minimal I(-) uptake enabled sufficient thyroid hormone biosynthesis to prevent cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS A nonpolar residue at position 270, which all members of the SLC5A family have, is required for NIS plasma membrane targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Nicola
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (J.P.N., A.R.-N., N.C.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Pediatrics (P.S., J.D.G.G.), Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501; Department of Genetics (D.F.R.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Department of Pediatrics (R.M.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467; and Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry (L.M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Andrea Reyna-Neyra
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (J.P.N., A.R.-N., N.C.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Pediatrics (P.S., J.D.G.G.), Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501; Department of Genetics (D.F.R.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Department of Pediatrics (R.M.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467; and Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry (L.M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Paul Saenger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (J.P.N., A.R.-N., N.C.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Pediatrics (P.S., J.D.G.G.), Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501; Department of Genetics (D.F.R.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Department of Pediatrics (R.M.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467; and Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry (L.M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - David F Rodriguez-Buritica
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (J.P.N., A.R.-N., N.C.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Pediatrics (P.S., J.D.G.G.), Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501; Department of Genetics (D.F.R.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Department of Pediatrics (R.M.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467; and Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry (L.M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - José David Gamez Godoy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (J.P.N., A.R.-N., N.C.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Pediatrics (P.S., J.D.G.G.), Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501; Department of Genetics (D.F.R.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Department of Pediatrics (R.M.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467; and Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry (L.M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (J.P.N., A.R.-N., N.C.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Pediatrics (P.S., J.D.G.G.), Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501; Department of Genetics (D.F.R.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Department of Pediatrics (R.M.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467; and Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry (L.M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (J.P.N., A.R.-N., N.C.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Pediatrics (P.S., J.D.G.G.), Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501; Department of Genetics (D.F.R.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Department of Pediatrics (R.M.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467; and Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry (L.M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Nancy Carrasco
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (J.P.N., A.R.-N., N.C.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Pediatrics (P.S., J.D.G.G.), Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501; Department of Genetics (D.F.R.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Department of Pediatrics (R.M.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467; and Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry (L.M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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