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Wang R, Qiao H, Qian Y, Zhen G, Zhao Z, Li Y. Abaloparatide and teriparatide enhance mandibular growth in adolescent rats with site-specific and mechano-related effects. Eur J Orthod 2022; 45:224-234. [PMID: 36576115 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Teriparatide (TPTD) and abaloparatide (ABL) are two osteoanabolic drugs targeting parathyroid hormone (PTH)1R signalling. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TPTD and ABL on the adolescent mandibular growth. METHOD In total, 70 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 14 groups, treated with intermittent TPDT or ABL at various doses, accompanied by mandibular advancement (MA) or not. 3D printing was used to fabricate an innovative splint for MA. After a 4-week treatment, morphological measurement, histological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Mandibular condylar chondrocytes (MCCs) were treated with TPTD or ABL, followed by CCK-8 assay, alcian blue staining, real time-PCR and immunofluorescent staining. RESULT In vivo, TPTD or ABL alone increased the condylar length and cartilage thickness, with up-regulated SOX9 and COL II, whilst down-regulated COL X; however, when combined with MA, the promotive effects were attenuated. TPTD or ABL alone increased the mandibular body height and mandibular angle width, whilst increased the mandibular body length and alveolar bone width when combined with MA. In vitro, TPTD or ABL enhanced the MCC proliferation, glycosaminoglycan synthesis, COL II and SOX9 expression, whilst down-regulated COL X, Ihh and PTH1R expression. CONCLUSION Both ABL and TPTD enhance mandibular growth in adolescent rats with site-specific and mechano-related effects, including propelling chondrogenesis at the condylar cartilage and promoting bone apposition at other mechano-responsive sites. They behave as promising drugs for mandibular growth modification, and in general ABL seems more potent than TPTD in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuran Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Amer ME, ElKadi A, Nadim M, Sedky Y. Effect of low-level laser therapy on condylar growth in children treated with functional appliance: a preliminary study. LASERS IN DENTAL SCIENCE 2022; 6:177-187. [PMID: 35611353 PMCID: PMC9120341 DOI: 10.1007/s41547-022-00158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes achieved by combining low-level laser irradiation applied on the condyle area with twin-block therapy in growing class II malocclusion patients. Methods Fourteen patients (9 males, 5 females; mean age, 11.4 ± 2 years) with skeletal class II mandibular deficiency were recruited. They were divided into two groups (G 1: twin-block + low-level laser therapy, G 2: twin-block only). A semiconductor diode laser with a wavelength of 940 nm was applied on the condyle area (100 mW, 2.5 J, 3.9 J/cm2). The laser was applied twice a week in the first month and once a week in the second and third months, totalizing 16 sessions. Skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue cephalometric parameters were measured and compared at different treatment points. Results Mandibular length (Co-Gn) was significantly increased by 3.6 mm in the experiment group (3.16 SD) and 4.3 mm (4.4 SD) in the control group, with no significant difference between groups at every time point (P-value 0.949 at T2). Similarly, a statistically significant positive effect of treatment was found in both groups on ramus height (Co-Go), upper lip to E-Line, SNA angle, ANB angle, and U1/SN angle with no significant difference between groups. Conclusion Based on the results of this preliminary study, low-level laser irradiation with the used parameters seems to have no synergetic impact on the skeletal and dental outcomes of twin-block therapy over 9 months. However, more studies are needed to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy on condylar growth during functional orthodontic treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41547-022-00158-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbadi ElKadi
- Orthodontics Department, King Salman International University, Tur sinai, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nadim
- Orthodontics Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Youssef Sedky
- Orthodontics Department, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zeng G, Kuang B, Xun WX, Ren GT, Wei KW. Response of mandibular condyles of juvenile and adult rats to abnormal occlusion and subsequent exemption. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 80:136-143. [PMID: 28414988 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The adaptation capacities of the mandibular condyle in response to mechanical stimuli might be different between juveniles and adults, but has not been compared. This study aimed to investigate whether abnormal molar occlusion and subsequent molar extraction could lead to different remodeling responses in the mandibular condyles of juvenile and adult rats. METHODS Abnormal molar occlusion (AMO) was established in the 5- and 16-wk old rats by moving their maxillary left and mandibular right third molars distally. AMO was removed in the molar extraction group at 4 weeks but remained in the AMO group. All rats were sacrificed at 8 weeks. Micro-computed tomography, histomorphology, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were adopted to evaluate the remodeling of condylar subchondral bone. RESULTS Condylar subchondral bone loss and increased osteoclastic activities were observed in both juvenile and adult AMO groups, while increased osteoblastic activities were only seen in the juvenile AMO group. Decreased bone mineral density, bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness, but increased trabecular separation, number and surface of osteoclasts and mRNA levels of TRAP, cathepsin-K, RANKL in the juvenile AMO group were all reversed after molar extraction (all P<0.05). However, these parameters showed no difference between adult AMO and extraction groups (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal molar occlusion led to degenerative remodeling in the mandibular condyles of both juvenile and adult rats, while exemption of abnormal occlusion caused significant rescue of the degenerative changes only in the juvenile rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zeng
- Department of Dentistry, Tangdu Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Bin Kuang
- Department of Stomatology, First People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wen-Xing Xun
- Department of Dentistry, Tangdu Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Gao-Tong Ren
- Department of Immunology, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ke-Wen Wei
- Department of Dentistry, Tangdu Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Reliability of Growth Indicators and Efficiency of Functional Treatment for Skeletal Class II Malocclusion: Current Evidence and Controversies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1367691. [PMID: 28168195 PMCID: PMC5266812 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1367691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence on the reliability of growth indicators in the identification of the pubertal growth spurt and efficiency of functional treatment for skeletal Class II malocclusion, the timing of which relies on such indicators, is highly controversial. Regarding growth indicators, the hand and wrist (including the sole middle phalanx of the third finger) maturation method and the standing height recording appear to be most reliable. Other methods are subjected to controversies or were showed to be unreliable. Main sources of controversies include use of single stages instead of ossification events and diagnostic reliability conjecturally based on correlation analyses. Regarding evidence on the efficiency of functional treatment, when treated during the pubertal growth spurt, more favorable response is seen in skeletal Class II patients even though large individual responsiveness remains. Main sources of controversies include design of clinical trials, definition of Class II malocclusion, and lack of inclusion of skeletal maturity among the prognostic factors. While no growth indicator may be considered to have a full diagnostic reliability in the identification of the pubertal growth spurt, their use may still be recommended for increasing efficiency of functional treatment for skeletal Class II malocclusion.
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Mirahmadi F, Koolstra JH, Lobbezoo F, van Lenthe GH, Everts V. Ex vivo thickness measurement of cartilage covering the temporomandibular joint. J Biomech 2016; 52:165-168. [PMID: 28069164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage covers the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and provides smooth and nearly frictionless articulation while distributing mechanical loads to the subchondral bone. The thickness of the cartilage is considered to be an indicator of the stage of development, maturation, aging, loading history, and disease. The aim of our study was to develop a method for ex vivo assessment of the thickness of the cartilage that covers the TMJ and to compare that with two other existing methods. Eight porcine TMJ condyles were used to measure cartilage thickness. Three different methods were employed: needle penetration, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and histology; the latter was considered the gold standard. Histology and micro-CT scanning results showed no significant differences between thicknesses throughout the condyle. Needle penetration produced significantly higher values than histology, in the lateral and anterior regions. All three methods showed the anterior region to be thinner than the other regions. We concluded that overestimated thickness by the needle penetration is caused by the penetration of the needle through the first layer of subchondral bone, in which mineralization is less than in deeper layers. Micro-CT scanning method was found to be a valid method to quantify the thickness of the cartilage, and has the advantage of being non-destructive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mirahmadi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Harm Koolstra
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral Kinesiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Harry van Lenthe
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Shuai Y, Xue L, Jie G, Yizhi C, Ronghui L, Mingguo W. [Changes in ultrastructure and bone morphogenetic protein expression in reconstructed mandibular condylar cartilage under continuous mandibular advancement in adult rats]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2016; 34:632-638. [PMID: 28318167 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the reconstructed mandibular condylar cartilage and the ultrastructural variations in mandibular condylar cartilage in adult rats as a result of mandibular advancement. METHODS Thirty 9-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Rats in the experimental group were subjected to mandibular advancement. Rats were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14, 21, 30. Sections were cut from condyles, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression in condylar cartilage was examined through immunohistochemical analysis. Condylar cartilage samples were harvested, and ultrastructural changes in these samples were observed under Micro-CT and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the experimental group obviously displayed cartilage hyperplasia in the middle and rear of the condyle. Moreover, the number of BMP-2-positive cells in condylar cartilage and the gray value gradually increased in the experimental group on day 7 of the intervention. Ultrastructural changes, such as karyopyknosis, reduced microfilaments around the nucleus, reduction in size or even disappearance of lipid droplets, swelling of endoplasmic reticulum compartments, broadened and increased extracellular matrix, were observed in the condylar hypertrophic chondrocytes. Micro-CT revealed that the trabecula and the newly formed bone gradually thickened. CONCLUSIONS Hypertrophic remodeling of the condylar cartilage and high BMP-2 expression are observed in adult rats as a result of continuous mandibular advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shuai
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Li Xue
- Dept. of Stomatology, Weifang Oral Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Gao Jie
- Dept. of Stomatology, The 401st Hospital of PLA, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Cai Yizhi
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Li Ronghui
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wang Mingguo
- Dept. of Stomatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
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Treatment Effects of Removable Functional Appliances in Pre-Pubertal and Pubertal Class II Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141198. [PMID: 26510187 PMCID: PMC4624952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment effects of removable functional appliances in Class II malocclusion patients according to the pre-pubertal or pubertal growth phase has yet to be clarified. OBJECTIVES To assess and compare skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of removable functional appliances in Class II malocclusion treatment between pre-pubertal and pubertal patients. SEARCH METHODS Literature survey using the Medline, SCOPUS, LILACS and SciELO databases, the Cochrane Library from inception to May 31, 2015. A manual search was also performed. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials with a matched untreated control group. No restrictions were set regarding the type of removable appliance whenever used alone. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS For the meta-analysis, cephalometric parameters on the supplementary mandibular growth were the main outcomes, with other cephalometric parameters considered as secondary outcomes. Risk of bias in individual and across studies were evaluated along with sensitivity analysis for low quality studies. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals for annualised changes were computed according to a random model. Differences between pre-pubertal and pubertal patients were assessed by subgroup analyses. GRADE assessment was performed for the main outcomes. RESULTS Twelve articles (but only 3 RCTs) were included accounting for 8 pre-pubertal and 7 pubertal groups. Overall supplementary total mandibular length and mandibular ramus height were 0.95 mm (0.38, 1.51) and 0.00 mm (-0.52, 0.53) for pre-pubertal patients and 2.91 mm (2.04, 3.79) and 2.18 mm (1.51, 2.86) for pubertal patients, respectively. The subgroup difference was significant for both parameters (p<0.001). No maxillary growth restrain or increase in facial divergence was seen in either subgroup. The GRADE assessment was low for the pre-pubertal patients, and generally moderate for the pubertal patients. CONCLUSIONS Taking into account the limited quality and heterogeneity of the included studies, functional treatment by removable appliances may be effective in treating Class II malocclusion with clinically relevant skeletal effects if performed during the pubertal growth phase.
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Zhong X, Wang H, Jian X. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases-8 and -9 and their tissue inhibitor in the condyles of diabetic rats with mandibular advancement. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1357-1364. [PMID: 25289023 PMCID: PMC4186328 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the condylar response during treatment with a functional appliance. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, normal (NG), diabetes (DG) and diabetes with insulin-treatment (TG). Bite-jumping appliances were fitted to the rats in the experimental groups. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days following fitting, animals were sacrificed and condyles were excised and processed using routine histological techniques. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) was detected using immunohistochemical analysis. Mandibular advancement increased the expression levels of MMP-8 (peaked on day 28), MMP-9 (peaked on day 21), TIMP-1 (peaked on days 21 and 28) and the ratio of MMP-8 to TIMP-1 and MMP-9 to TIMP-1. In the DG, diabetes decreased the expression levels of MMP-8 and MMP-9 induced by mandibular advancement and increased the expression levels of TIMP-1 compared with that of the NG. The ratio of MMP-8 to TIMP-1 and MMP-9 to TIMP-1 also showed a significant decrease in the DG compared with that of the NG. A recovery of these parameters was observed in the TG. Diabetes significantly altered the condylar response, which was triggered by mandibular advancement, and weakened subsequent bone deposition. The results from the TG were not significantly different from that of the NG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Huixin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xinchun Jian
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Henderson SE, Lowe JR, Tudares MA, Gold MS, Almarza AJ. Temporomandibular joint fibrocartilage degeneration from unilateral dental splints. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 60:1-11. [PMID: 25247778 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which altered loading in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), as might be associated with a malocclusion, drives degeneration of articulating surfaces in the TMJ. We therefore sought to quantify the effects of altered joint loading on the mechanical properties and biochemical content and distribution of TMJ fibrocartilage in the rabbit. DESIGN Altered TMJ loading was induced with a 1mm splint placed unilaterally over the maxillary and mandibular molars for 6 weeks. At that time, TMJ fibrocartilage was assessed by compression testing, biochemical content (collagen, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), DNA) and distribution (histology), for both the TMJ disc and the condylar fibrocartilage. RESULTS There were no changes in the TMJ disc for any of the parameters tested. The condylar fibrocartilage from the splinted animals was significantly stiffer and the DNA content was significantly lower than that in control animals. There was significant remodeling in the condylar fibrocartilage layers as manifested by a change in GAG and collagen II distribution and a loss of defined cell layers. CONCLUSIONS A connection between the compressive properties of TMJ condylar fibrocartilage after 6 weeks of splinting and the changes in histology was observed. These results suggest a change in joint loading leads to condylar damage, which may contribute to pain associated with at least some forms of TMJ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Henderson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jesse R Lowe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauro A Tudares
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael S Gold
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alejandro J Almarza
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Patil AS, Sable RB, Kothari RM, Nagarajan P. Genetic expression of Col-2A and Col-10A as a function of administration of IGF-1 & TGF-<i>β</i> with and without anterior mandibular repositioning appliance on the growth of mandibular condylar cartilage in young rabbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojst.2013.39a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Patil A, Sable R, Kothari R. Genetic expression of MMP-Matrix-mettalo-proteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-13) as a function of anterior mandibular repositioning appliance on the growth of mandibular condylar cartilage with and without administration of Insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) and Transforming growth factor-B (TGF-β). Angle Orthod 2012; 82:1053-1059. [PMID: 22439767 PMCID: PMC8813132 DOI: 10.2319/122011-780.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) will grow with and without mandibular anterior repositioning appliances with the administration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four growing New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: a group with saline injection in the temporomandibular joint, a group that received anterior positioning appliance, and a group that received injection of growth factors as well as mandibular repositioning appliance. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique was used to study gene expression supported by histomorphometry. RESULTS Administration of growth factors along with mandibular repositioning appliances has induced 5.70-fold expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) (P < .0005) and 1.29-fold expression of MMP-13 (P < .0005). In contrast, administration of mandibular repositioning appliances only has induced 2.33-fold expression of MMP-1 (P < .0005) and 0.83-fold expression of MMP-13 (P < .0005). Histomorphometric analysis revealed increased proliferation of the condylar cartilage in the appliance and injection group as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The administration of growth factors along with the use of mandibular advancement appliance has increased genetic expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13 supported by histomorphometric evidence indicating growth of condylar cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Patil
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bharati Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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Kuijpers MAR, Grefte S, Bronkhorst EM, Carels CEL, Kiliaridis S, Von den Hoff JW. Reduced masticatory function is related to lower satellite cell numbers in masseter muscle. Eur J Orthod 2012; 36:262-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjs044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Gredes T, Mack H, Spassov A, Kunert-Keil C, Steele M, Proff P, Mack F, Gedrange T. Changes in condylar cartilage after anterior mandibular displacement in juvenile pigs. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 57:594-8. [PMID: 22041020 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adaptive remodelling of the mandibular condyle in response to mandibular advancement is the mechanism exploited by orthodontic forward displacement devices. OBJECTIVE This work investigated the expression of collagens, matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor during this process. DESIGN Twenty juvenile pigs were randomly divided into two experimental groups, where the treatment group was fitted with mandibular advancement splints, and the control group was not. Changes in the mRNA content of condylar cartilage tissue was then were measured by real-time PCR using specific primers after 4weeks of treatment. RESULTS The temporal pattern of the expression of Col1 and MMP13 during condylar adaptation coincided with that during natural condylar growth. The amount of the expression of Col10 during condylar adaptation was significantly lower (p<0.05), whereas the expression of Col2, MMP8 and VEGF was significantly higher compared to natural growth (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that condylar adaptation in growing pigs triggered by mandibular forward positioning results not only from passive adaptation of cartilage, but also involves growth affected processes. Our results showed that mechanical strain produced by mandibular advancement induced remodelling and revascularization in the posteriocranial mandibular condyle. These results are mostly consistent with former published histological and histomorphometrical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gredes
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Animal Models of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: Implications for Tissue Engineering Approaches. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 39:2479-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Barnouti ZP, Owtad P, Shen G, Petocz P, Darendeliler MA. The biological mechanisms of PCNA and BMP in TMJ adaptive remodeling. Angle Orthod 2011; 81:91-99. [DOI: 10.2319/091609-522.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Römer P, Weingärtner J, Roldán JC, Proff P, Reicheneder C. Development dependent collagen gene expression in the rat cranial base growth plate. Ann Anat 2010; 192:205-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mérida Velasco JR, Rodríguez Vázquez JF, De la Cuadra Blanco C, Campos López R, Sánchez M, Mérida Velasco JA. Development of the mandibular condylar cartilage in human specimens of 10-15 weeks' gestation. J Anat 2009; 214:56-64. [PMID: 19166473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyses some morphological and histological aspects that could have a role in the development of the condylar cartilage (CC). The specimens used were serial sections from 49 human fetuses aged 10-15 weeks. In addition, 3D reconstructions of the mandibular ramus and the CC were made from four specimens. During weeks 10-11 of development, the vascular canals (VC) appear in the CC and the intramembranous ossification process begins. At the same time, in the medial region of the CC, chondroclasts appear adjacent to the vascular invasion and to the cartilage destruction. During weeks 12-13 of development, the deepest portion of the posterolateral vascular canal is completely surrounded by the hypertrophic chondrocytes. The latter emerge with an irregular layout. During week 15 of development, the endochondral ossification of the CC begins. Our results suggest that the situation of the chondroclasts, the posterolateral vascular canal and the irregular arrangement of the hypertrophic chondrocytes may play a notable role in the development of the CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Mérida Velasco
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Wadhawan N, Kumar S, Kharbanda OP, Duggal R, Sharma R. Temporomandibular joint adaptations following two-phase therapy: an MRI study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2009; 11:235-50. [PMID: 18950321 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2008.00436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To document the alterations within the condyle-glenoid fossa (C-GF) complex and the positional changes of the glenoid fossa in the cranium after removable functional appliance therapy and after the completion of fixed appliance therapy. SETTING AND SAMPLE The Department of Orthodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. The study sample consisted of 12 growing children (eight girls and four boys) between 10 and 14 years of age with skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion selected on well defined criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients were treated with either the Twin Block or the Bionator appliance followed by fixed appliances. Mean total treatment duration was 28 months. The changes in and around the C-GF complex were evaluated using MRI at pre-treatment stage, after functional appliance therapy and at the completion of fixed mechanotherapy. RESULTS Forward condylar position within the glenoid fossa and articular disc retrusion with respect to the condylar head were statistically significant after functional appliance therapy. However, the condyles had a relatively concentric position within the glenoid fossa, while the articular disc resumed its pre-treatment position at the end of the treatment. Linear measurements from the centre of the external auditory meatus to the post-glenoid spine revealed a 1.3-mm forward relocation of the post-glenoid spine along the Frankfurt Horizontal plane. CONCLUSIONS Forward relocation of the C-GF complex seems to be one of the mechanisms of action of functional appliances, while the internal anatomic arrangement within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) complex normalizes to its pre-treatment position.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wadhawan
- Center for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Reicheneder C, Proff P, Baumert U, Gedrange T. Comparison of maximum mouth-opening capacity and condylar path length in adults and children during the growth period. Ann Anat 2008; 190:344-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Gedrange T, Mai R, Weingaertner J, Hietschold V, Bourauel C, Pradel W, Lauer G, Proff P. Finite element representation of bone substitute remodelling in the jaw bone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 53:220-3. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt.2008.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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