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Hao F, Zhu Q, Lu L, Sun S, Huang Y, Zhang J, Liu Z, Miao Y, Jiao X, Chen D. EIF5A2 Is Highly Expressed in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Is Associated With Tumor Growth by Modulating TGF- Signals. Oncol Res 2020; 28:345-355. [PMID: 32138807 PMCID: PMC7851513 DOI: 10.3727/096504020x15834065061807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is resistant to standard therapies and has no effective treatment. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (EIF5A2) has shown to be upregulated in many malignant tumors and proposed to be a critical gene involved in tumor metastasis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression status of EIF5A2 in human ATC tissues and to study the role and mechanisms of EIF5A2 in ATC tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Expression of EIF5A2 protein was analyzed in paraffin-embedded human ATC tissues and adjacent nontumorous tissues (ANCT) (n=24) by immunochemistry. Expressions of EIF5A2 mRNA and protein were analyzed in fresh-matched ATC and ANCT (n=23) and ATC cell lines by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. The effect of targeting EIF5A2 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or EIF5A2 overexpression on the ATC tumorigenesis and TGF-/Smad2/3 signals in vitro and in vivo was investigated. Expression of EIF5A2 was significantly upregulated in ATC tissues and cell lines compared with ANCT and normal follicular epithelial cell line. Functional studies found that targeting EIF5A2 induced SW1736 cell death in vitro and in vivo, followed by significantly downregulated phosphorylation of Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) in SW1736 cells at the protein level. Ectopic expression of EIF5A2 could promote 8505C cell growth in vitro and in vivo, followed by significantly upregulated p-Smad3 at the protein level. Recombinant human TGF-1 (hTGF-1) treatment decreased the antiproliferative activity of the EIF5A2 downexpressing 8505C cells through reversing pSmad2/3. Using the specific inhibitor SB431542 to block TGF- pathway or Smad3 siRNA to knock down Smad3 increased the antiproliferative activity of the EIF5A2-overexpressing 8505C cells through inhibiting pSmad2/3. Our findings indicated that EIF5A2 controled cell growth in ATC cells, and EIF5A/TGF-/Smad2/3 signal may be a potential therapeutic target for ATC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Hao
- *Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Qingli Zhu
- †Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Lingwei Lu
- †Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Shukai Sun
- ‡Department of Clinical Lab, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yichuan Huang
- §Department of Otolaryngology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- ¶Department of Medical Experiment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- †Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
- #Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yuanqing Miao
- **Department of Medical Network Information Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xuelong Jiao
- ††Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- ††Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
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Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a familial cancer syndrome with neuroendocrine tumorigenesis of the parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, and pancreatic islet cells. The MEN1 gene codes for the canonical tumor suppressor protein, menin. Its protein structure has recently been crystallized, and it has been investigated in a multitude of other tissues. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in understanding the structure of the menin protein and its function as a scaffold protein in histone modification and epigenetic gene regulation. Furthermore, we explore its role in hepatobiliary autoimmune diseases, cancers, and metabolic diseases. In particular, we discuss how menin expression and function are regulated by extracellular signaling factors and nuclear receptor activation in various hepatic cell types. How the many signaling pathways and tissue types affect menin's diverse functions is not fully understood. We show that small-molecule inhibitors affecting menin function can shed light on menin's broad role in pathophysiology and elucidate distinct menin-dependent processes. This review reveals menin's often dichotomous function through analysis of its role in multiple disease processes and could potentially lead to novel small-molecule therapies in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma or biliary autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Ehrlich
- *Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Chad Hall
- †Department of Surgery, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- *Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
- ‡Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- §Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Terry Lairmore
- †Department of Surgery, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- *Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
- ‡Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- §Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- *Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
- ‡Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- §Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
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Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) is an isoform of the PDGFR family of tyrosine kinase receptors involved in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and growth. In this review, we highlight the role of PDGFRα and the current evidence of its expression and activities in liver development, regeneration, and pathology-including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Studies elucidating PDGFRα signaling in processes ranging from profibrotic signaling, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition point toward PDGFRα as a potential therapeutic target in various hepatic pathologies, including hepatic fibrosis and liver cancer. Furthermore, PDGFRα localization and modulation during liver development and regeneration may lend insight into its potential roles in various pathologic states. We will also briefly discuss some of the current targeted treatments for PDGFRα, including multi receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and PDGFRα-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wheeler JB, Ikonomidis JS, Jones JA. Connective tissue disorders and cardiovascular complications: the indomitable role of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. Adv Exp Med Biol 2014; 802:107-27. [PMID: 24443024 PMCID: PMC4410689 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7893-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Marfan Syndrome (MFS) and Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) represent heritable connective tissue disorders that cosegregate with a similar pattern of cardiovascular defects (thoracic aortic aneurysm, mitral valve prolapse/regurgitation, and aortic root dilatation with regurgitation). This pattern of cardiovascular defects appears to be expressed along a spectrum of severity in many heritable connective tissue disorders and raises suspicion of a relationship between the normal development of connective tissues and the cardiovascular system. Given the evidence of increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling in MFS and LDS, this signaling pathway may represent the common link in this relationship. To further explore this hypothetical link, this chapter will review the TGF-β signaling pathway, heritable connective tissue syndromes related to TGF-β receptor (TGFBR) mutations, and discuss the pathogenic contribution of TGF-β to these syndromes with a primary focus on the cardiovascular system.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/drug therapy
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery
- Aortic Valve/pathology
- Aortic Valve/surgery
- Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Defects, Congenital/drug therapy
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery
- Heart Valve Diseases/drug therapy
- Heart Valve Diseases/genetics
- Heart Valve Diseases/pathology
- Heart Valve Diseases/surgery
- Humans
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/drug therapy
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/genetics
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/pathology
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/surgery
- Marfan Syndrome/drug therapy
- Marfan Syndrome/genetics
- Marfan Syndrome/pathology
- Marfan Syndrome/surgery
- Mutation
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Smad Proteins/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B. Wheeler
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - John S. Ikonomidis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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Khan SA, Joyce J, Tsuda T. Quantification of active and total transforming growth factor-β levels in serum and solid organ tissues by bioassay. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:636. [PMID: 23151377 PMCID: PMC3556312 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multi-factorial peptide growth factor that has a vital role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, inflammation, and tissue repair. Quantification of biologically active TGF-β levels in tissues is crucial to illustrate mechanisms involved in various physiological and pathological processes, but direct measurement of bioactive TGF-β level in the tissue has been hampered by lack of reliable methods. Here, we introduced mink lung epithelial cell bioassay to quantify both active and total TGF-β levels in serum and protein lysates from solid organs in the mouse model. FINDINGS Mink lung epithelial cells were stably transfected with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter/luciferase construct, in which bioactive TGF-β level was represented by luciferase activity. Serum total TGF-β levels were comparable between the bioassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but active TGF-β levels measured by ELISA were significantly lower than those obtained by the bioassay. Active and total TGF-β levels in the solid organs including heart, liver, and kidney were also measured. Total TGF-β levels were relatively comparable among these organs, but active TGF-β levels were slightly higher in hearts and kidneys than in livers. Positive luciferase activities in the bioassay were almost completely inhibited by adding pan-TGF-β neutralizing antibodies, suggesting its high specificity to bioactive TGF-β. We also measured myocardial TGF-β levels after myocardial infarction and sham control by the bioassay, and compared the values with those obtained by ELISA. The bioassay demonstrated that both active and total tissue TGF-β levels were significantly higher in post-myocardial infarction than in sham myocardium. ELISA was markedly less sensitive in detecting both active and total TGF-β levels than our bioassay and failed to show any statistically significant difference in TGF-β levels between myocardial infarction and sham myocardium. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that the bioassay was significantly more sensitive than ELISA in detecting active TGF-β in serum and both active and total TGF-β in solid organ tissues. The bioassay will be useful in investigating TGF-β profile in various solid organs in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaukat A Khan
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Jennifer Joyce
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Takeshi Tsuda
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
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Patil A, Sable R, Kothari R. Genetic expression of MMP-Matrix-mettalo-proteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-13) as a function of anterior mandibular repositioning appliance on the growth of mandibular condylar cartilage with and without administration of Insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) and Transforming growth factor-B (TGF-β). Angle Orthod 2012; 82:1053-1059. [PMID: 22439767 PMCID: PMC8813132 DOI: 10.2319/122011-780.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) will grow with and without mandibular anterior repositioning appliances with the administration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four growing New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: a group with saline injection in the temporomandibular joint, a group that received anterior positioning appliance, and a group that received injection of growth factors as well as mandibular repositioning appliance. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique was used to study gene expression supported by histomorphometry. RESULTS Administration of growth factors along with mandibular repositioning appliances has induced 5.70-fold expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) (P < .0005) and 1.29-fold expression of MMP-13 (P < .0005). In contrast, administration of mandibular repositioning appliances only has induced 2.33-fold expression of MMP-1 (P < .0005) and 0.83-fold expression of MMP-13 (P < .0005). Histomorphometric analysis revealed increased proliferation of the condylar cartilage in the appliance and injection group as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The administration of growth factors along with the use of mandibular advancement appliance has increased genetic expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13 supported by histomorphometric evidence indicating growth of condylar cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Patil
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bharati Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional cytokine that functions to inhibit mammary tumorigenesis by directly inducing mammary epithelial cells (MECs) to undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, and to secrete a variety of cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins that maintain cell and tissue homeostasis. Genetic and epigenetic events that transpire during mammary tumorigenesis typically inactivate the tumor suppressing activities of TGF-beta and ultimately confer this cytokine with tumor promoting activities, including the ability to stimulate breast cancer invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and evasion from the immune system. This dramatic conversion in TGF-beta function is known as the "TGF-beta paradox" and reflects a variety of dynamic alterations that occur not only within the developing mammary carcinoma, but also within the cellular and structural composition of its accompanying tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the critical importance of mammary tumor microenvironments in manifesting the TGF-beta paradox and influencing the response of developing mammary carcinomas to TGF-beta. Here we highlight recent findings demonstrating the essential function of tumor microenvironments in regulating the oncogenic activities of TGF-beta and its stimulation of metastatic progression during mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Taylor
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yong-Hun Lee
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William P. Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ohsawa Y, Okada T, Kuga A, Hayashi S, Murakami T, Tsuchida K, Noji S, Sunada Y. Caveolin-3 regulates myostatin signaling. Mini-review. Acta Myol 2008; 27:19-24. [PMID: 19108573 PMCID: PMC2859606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Caveolins, components of the uncoated invaginations of plasma membrane, regulate signal transduction and vesicular trafflicking. Loss of caveolin-3, resulting from dominant negative mutations of caveolin-3 causes autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) 1C and autosomal dominant rippling muscle disease (AD-RMD). Myostatin, a member of the muscle-specific transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily, negatively regulates skeletal muscle volume. Herein we review caveolin-3 suppressing of activation of type I myostatin receptor, thereby inhibiting subsequent intracellular signaling. In addition, a mouse model of LGMD1C has shown atrophic myopathy with enhanced myostatin signaling. Myostatin inhibition ameliorates muscular phenotype in the model mouse, accompanied by normalized myostatin signaling. Enhanced myostatin signaling by caveolin-3 mutation in human may contribute to the pathogenesis of LGMD1C. Therefore, myostatin inhibition therapy may be a promising treatment for patients with LGMD1C. More recent studies concerning regulation of TGF-beta superfamily signaling by caveolins have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohsawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
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Wang G, Long J, Matsuura I, He D, Liu F. The Smad3 linker region contains a transcriptional activation domain. Biochem J 2005; 386:29-34. [PMID: 15588252 PMCID: PMC1134763 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Revised: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/Smads regulate a wide variety of biological responses through transcriptional regulation of target genes. Smad3 plays a key role in TGF-beta/Smad-mediated transcriptional responses. Here, we show that the proline-rich linker region of Smad3 contains a transcriptional activation domain. When the linker region is fused to a heterologous DNA-binding domain, it activates transcription. We show that the linker region physically interacts with p300. The adenovirus E1a protein, which binds to p300, inhibits the transcriptional activity of the linker region, and overexpression of p300 can rescue the linker-mediated transcriptional activation. In contrast, an adenovirus E1a mutant, which cannot bind to p300, does not inhibit the linker-mediated transcription. The native Smad3 protein lacking the linker region is unable to mediate TGF-beta transcriptional activation responses, although it can be phosphorylated by the TGF-beta receptor at the C-terminal tail and has a significantly increased ability to form a heteromeric complex with Smad4. We show further that the linker region and the C-terminal domain of Smad3 synergize for transcriptional activation in the presence of TGF-beta. Thus our findings uncover an important function of the Smad3 linker region in Smad-mediated transcriptional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Wang
- *Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
- †Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
- ‡The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, U.S.A
- §Graduate Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
| | - Jianyin Long
- *Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
- †Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
- ‡The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, U.S.A
| | - Isao Matsuura
- *Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
- †Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
- ‡The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, U.S.A
| | - Dongming He
- *Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
- †Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
- ‡The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, U.S.A
| | - Fang Liu
- †Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
- ‡The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, U.S.A
- §Graduate Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
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Yajima S, Lammers CH, Lee SH, Hara Y, Mizuno K, Mouradian MM. Cloning and characterization of murine glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor inducible transcription factor (MGIF). J Neurosci 1997; 17:8657-66. [PMID: 9348334 PMCID: PMC6573085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potent neurotrophic factor glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a distant member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of proteins. We report a transcription factor that is the first nuclear protein known to be induced by GDNF, thus designated murine GDNF inducible factor (mGIF). The cDNA was cloned in the course of investigating transcription factors that bind to Sp1 consensus sequences, using the in situ filter detection method, and it was found to encode a protein having the same C2-H2 zinc finger motif as Sp1. Sequence analysis indicated that mGIF is homologous to the human TGF-beta inducible early gene (TIEG) and human early growth response gene-alpha (EGR-alpha). mGIF is widely distributed in the adult mouse with high mRNA levels in kidney, lung, brain, liver, heart, and testis. In the adult brain, mGIF is abundantly expressed in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and amygdala with lower amounts in striatum, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, thalamus, and substantia nigra. During development, mGIF mRNA also has a wide distribution, including in cerebral cortex, cerebellar primordium, kidney, intestine, liver, and lung. GDNF induces the expression of mGIF rapidly and transiently both in a neuroblastoma cell line and in primary cultures of rat embryonic cortical neurons. Co-transfection of the Drosophila SL2 cells using mGIF expression plasmid and reporter constructs having Sp1 binding sites indicated that mGIF represses transcription from a TATA-containing as well as from a TATA-less promoter. These observations suggest that the zinc finger transcription factor mGIF could be important in mediating some of the biological effects of GDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yajima
- Genetic Pharmacology Unit, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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