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Chan YJ, Hsiao G, Wan WN, Yang TM, Tsai CH, Kang JJ, Lee YC, Fang TC, Cheng YW, Li CH. Blue light exposure collapses the inner blood-retinal barrier by accelerating endothelial CLDN5 degradation through the disturbance of GNAZ and the activation of ADAM17. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:31. [PMID: 37095509 PMCID: PMC10124034 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue light is part of the natural light spectrum that emits high energy. Currently, people are frequently exposed to blue light from 3C devices, resulting in a growing incidence of retinopathy. The retinal vasculature is complex, and retinal vessels not only serve the metabolic needs of the retinal sublayers, but also maintain electrolyte homeostasis by forming the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). The iBRB, which is primarily composed of endothelial cells, has well-developed tight junctions. However, with exposure to blue light, the risks of targeting retinal endothelial cells are currently unknown. We found that endothelial claudin-5 (CLDN5) was rapidly degraded under blue light, coinciding with the activation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), even at non-cytotoxic lighting. An apparently broken tight junction and a permeable paracellular cleft were observed. Mice exposed to blue light displayed iBRB leakage, conferring attenuation of the electroretinogram b-wave and oscillatory potentials. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of ADAM17 remarkably alleviated CLDN5 degradation induced by blue light. Under untreated condition, ADAM17 is sequestered by GNAZ (a circadian-responsive, retina-enriched inhibitory G protein), whereas ADAM17 escapes from GNAZ by blue light illuminance. GNAZ knockdown led to ADAM17 hyperactivation, CLDN5 downregulation, and paracellular permeability in vitro, and retinal damage mimicked blue light exposure in vivo. These data demonstrate that blue light exposure might impair the iBRB by accelerating CLDN5 degradation through the disturbance of the GNAZ-ADAM17 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Chan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Nok Wan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Min Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jaw-Jou Kang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chao Fang
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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The Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Ocular Surface and Prevention Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040796. [PMID: 33918318 PMCID: PMC8065845 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health problem. Although the respiratory system is the main impaired organ, conjunctivitis is one of its common findings. However, it is not yet understood if SARS-CoV-2 can infect the eye and if the ocular surface can be a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions. Our review focuses on the viral entry mechanisms to give a better understanding of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the eye. We highlighted findings that give evidence for multiple potential receptors of SARS-CoV-2 on the ocular surface. Additionally, we focused on data concerning the detection of viral RNA and its spike protein in the various ocular tissues from patients. However, the expression level seemed to be relatively low compared to the respiratory tissues as a result of a unique environment surrounding the ocular surface and the innate immune response of SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, our review suggests the ocular surface as a potential route for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and as a result of this study we strongly recommend the protection of the eyes for ophthalmologists and patients at risk.
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Chan YJ, Liao PL, Tsai CH, Cheng YW, Lin FL, Ho JD, Chen CY, Li CH. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles impair the inner blood-retinal barrier and retinal electrophysiology through rapid ADAM17 activation and claudin-5 degradation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:4. [PMID: 33422125 PMCID: PMC7796566 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depending on their distinct properties, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are manufactured extensively and widely present in our daily necessities, with growing environmental release and public concerns. In sunscreen formulations, supplementation of TiO2-NPs may reach up to 25% (w/w). Ocular contact with TiO2-NPs may occur accidentally in certain cases, allowing undesirable risks to human vision. This study aimed to understand the barrier integrity of retinal endothelial cells in response to TiO2-NP exposure. bEnd.3 cells and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were exposed to TiO2-NP, followed by examination of their tight junction components and functions. Results TiO2-NP treatment apparently induced a broken structure of the junctional plaques, conferring decreased transendothelial electrical resistance, a permeable paracellular cleft, and improved cell migration in vitro. This might involve rapid activation of metalloproteinase, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), and ADAM17-mediated claudin-5 degradation. For the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were administered a single dose of TiO2-NP intravitreally and then subjected to a complete ophthalmology examination. Fluorescein leakage and reduced blood flow at the optical disc indicated a damaged inner blood-retinal barrier induced by TiO2-NPs. Inappreciable change in the thickness of retinal sublayers and alleviated electroretinography amplitude were observed in the TiO2-NP-treated eyes. Conclusions Overall, our data demonstrate that TiO2-NP can damage endothelial cell function, thereby affecting retinal electrophysiology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-020-00395-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Chan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jau-Der Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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Luna G, Lewis GP, Linberg KA, Chang B, Hu Q, Munson PJ, Maminishkis A, Miller SS, Fisher SK. Anatomical and Gene Expression Changes in the Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Atrophy 1 (rpea1) Mouse: A Potential Model of Serous Retinal Detachment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:4641-54. [PMID: 27603725 PMCID: PMC5113314 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-19044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the rpea1 mouse whose retina spontaneously detaches from the underlying RPE as a potential model for studying the cellular effects of serous retinal detachment (SRD). Methods Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed immediately prior to euthanasia; retinal tissue was subsequently prepared for Western blotting, microarray analysis, immunocytochemistry, and light and electron microscopy (LM, EM). Results By postnatal day (P) 30, OCT, LM, and EM revealed the presence of small shallow detachments that increased in number and size over time. By P60 in regions of detachment, there was a dramatic loss of PNA binding around cones in the interphotoreceptor matrix and a concomitant increase in labeling of the outer nuclear layer and rod synaptic terminals. Retinal pigment epithelium wholemounts revealed a patchy loss in immunolabeling for both ezrin and aquaporin 1. Anti-ezrin labeling was lost from small regions of the RPE apical surface underlying detachments at P30. Labeling for tight-junction proteins provided a regular array of profiles outlining the periphery of RPE cells in wild-type tissue, however, this pattern was disrupted in the mutant as early as P30. Microarray analysis revealed a broad range of changes in genes involved in metabolism, signaling, cell polarity, and tight-junction organization. Conclusions These data indicate changes in this mutant mouse that may provide clues to the underlying mechanisms of SRD in humans. Importantly, these changes include the production of multiple spontaneous detachments without the presence of a retinal tear or significant degeneration of outer segments, changes in the expression of proteins involved in adhesion and fluid transport, and a disrupted organization of RPE tight junctions that may contribute to the formation of focal detachments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Luna
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States 2Center for Bio-Image Informatics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Geoffrey P Lewis
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States 2Center for Bio-Image Informatics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Kenneth A Linberg
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Bo Chang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States
| | - Quiri Hu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Peter J Munson
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Arvydas Maminishkis
- The National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Sheldon S Miller
- The National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Steven K Fisher
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States 2Center for Bio-Image Informatics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States 6Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States
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Kim D, Ko HS, Park GB, Hur DY, Kim YS, Yang JW. Vandetanib and ADAM inhibitors synergistically attenuate the pathological migration of EBV-infected retinal pigment epithelial cells by regulating the VEGF-mediated MAPK pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1415-1425. [PMID: 28413487 PMCID: PMC5377331 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signals induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are implicated in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and thus, are associated with vision-limiting complications in the human retina. Vandetanib is an oral anticancer drug that selectively inhibits the activities of VEGF receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase; however, the effects of vandetanib on VEGF in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have not yet been studied. In the present study, a combined treatment of vandetanib and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) protein inhibitors were used to assess the regulation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected ARPE19 cells (ARPE19/EBV) migration as a model of CNV. Vandetanib suppressed the expression of the mesenchymal markers ADAM10 and ADAM17 in ARPE19/EBV cells, and also upregulated epithelial cell markers of the RPE cells, E-cadherin and N-cadherin. The migratory activity of ARPE19/EBV induced by VEGF was efficiently blocked by vandetanib. Furthermore, co-treatment with vandetanib and an ADAM10 inhibitor (GI254023X) or ADAM17 inhibitor (Marimastat) synergistically prevented migration and the expression of vimentin, Snail and α-smooth muscle actin by regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These results suggest that a combination treatment of vandetanib and ADAM inhibitors may be developed as a novel therapeutic regimen to control retina neovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea.,Ocular Neovascular Disease Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Ko
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Bin Park
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea.,Ocular Neovascular Disease Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea.,Ocular Neovascular Disease Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Seok Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea.,Ocular Neovascular Disease Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
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Sel S, Patzel E, Poggi L, Kaiser D, Kalinski T, Schicht M, Paulsen F, Nass N. Temporal and spatial expression pattern of Nnat during mouse eye development. Gene Expr Patterns 2016; 23-24:7-12. [PMID: 28038958 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronatin (Nnat) was initially identified as a highly expressed gene in neonatal mammalian brain. In this study, we analyze the spatial and temporal expression pattern of Nnat during mouse eye development as well as in the adult. METHODS The expression of Nnat was analyzed on mRNA as well as protein level. The presence of Nnat transcripts in the adult retina was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Nnat protein expression was evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry during eye development at embryonic day (E) 12, 15, 16 and postnatal day (P) 7, 14, 30 and 175 (adult). RESULTS Immunohistochemical studies of the developing mouse eye revealed Nnat expression in embryonic and adult neuroretina as well as in corneal epithelial, stromal, endothelial cells and in lens epithelium. Expression of Nnat was detected from E12 onwards and was also present in adult eyes. CONCLUSIONS The expression pattern suggests that Nnat may play an important role during eye development and in the maintenance of mature eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadettin Sel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Eva Patzel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Poggi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Delia Kaiser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Norbert Nass
- Institute of Pathology, University Magdeburg, Germany
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Toonen JA, Ronchetti A, Sidjanin DJ. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase10 (ADAM10) Regulates NOTCH Signaling during Early Retinal Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156184. [PMID: 27224017 PMCID: PMC4880208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM10 and ADAM17 are two closely related members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family of membrane-bound sheddases, which proteolytically cleave surface membrane proteins. Both ADAM10 and ADAM17 have been implicated in the proteolytic cleavage of NOTCH receptors and as such regulators of NOTCH signaling. During retinal development, NOTCH signaling facilitates retinal neurogenesis by maintaining progenitor cells in a proliferative state and by mediating retinal cell fates. However, the roles of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in the retina are not well defined. In this study, we set out to clarify the roles of ADAM10 and ADAM17 during early retinal development. The retinal phenotype of conditionally abated Adam17 retinae (Adam17 CKO) did not differ from the controls whereas conditionally ablated Adam10 retinae (Adam10 CKO) exhibited abnormal morphogenesis characterized by the formation of rosettes and a loss of retinal laminae phenotypically similar to morphological abnormalities identified in mice with retinal NOTCH signaling deficiency. Additionally, Adam10 CKO retinae exhibited abnormal neurogenesis characterized by fewer proliferating progenitor cells and greater differentiation of early photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells. Moreover, constitutive activation of the NOTCH1-intracellular domain (N1-ICD) rescued Adam10 CKO abnormal neurogenesis, as well as abnormal retinal morphology by maintaining retinal cells in the progenitor state. Collectively these findings provide in vivo genetic evidence that ADAM10, and not ADAM17, is indispensable for proper retinal development as a regulator of NOTCH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Toonen
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Adam Ronchetti
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - D. J. Sidjanin
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The transcription factor Foxk1 is expressed in developing and adult mouse neuroretina. Gene Expr Patterns 2013; 13:280-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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