1
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Valdes-García J, Zamora-Moreno J, Salomón-Flores MK, Martínez-Otero D, Barroso-Flores J, Yatsimirsky AK, Bazany-Rodríguez IJ, Dorazco-González A. Fluorescence Sensing of Monosaccharides by Bis-boronic Acids Derived from Quinolinium Dicarboxamides: Structural and Spectroscopic Studies. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2174-2189. [PMID: 36735858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three new diboronic acid-substituted bisquinolinium salts were synthesized, structurally described by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and studied in-depth as fluorescent receptors for six monosaccharides and two open-chain polyols in water at physiological pH. The dicationic pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide-based receptors contain two N-quinolinium rings as the fluorescent units covalently linked to three different isomers of phenylboronic acid (ortho, 2; meta, 3; and para, 4) as chelating binding sites for polyols. Additions of glucose/fructose in the micromolar concentration range to receptors 2 and 3 induce significant fluorescence changes, but in the presence of arabinose, galactose, mannose, and xylose, only modest optical changes are observed. This optical change is attributed to a static photoinduced electron transfer mechanism. The meta-diboronic receptor 3 exhibited a high affinity/selectivity toward glucose (K = 3800 M-1) over other monosaccharides including common interfering species such as fructose and mannitol. Based on multiple spectroscopic tools, electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry, crystal structures, and density functional theory calculations, the binding mode between 3 and glucose is proposed as a 1:1 complex with the glucofuranose form involving a cooperative chelating diboronate binding. These results demonstrate the usefulness of a new set of cationic fluorescent diboronic acid receptors with a strong ability for optical recognition of glucose in the sub-millimolar concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Valdes-García
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Julio Zamora-Moreno
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - María K Salomón-Flores
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Diego Martínez-Otero
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Toluca 50200, Estado de México, México
| | - Joaquín Barroso-Flores
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.,Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Toluca 50200, Estado de México, México
| | - Anatoly K Yatsimirsky
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
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2
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More VG, Nadimetla DN, Shaikh DB, Puyad AL, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. Naphthalenediimide‐Benzothiazole‐Based Chemodosimeter for Selective and Sensitive Chromogenic for Cyanide Ion. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal G. More
- School of Chemical Sciences Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403206 India
| | - Dinesh N. Nadimetla
- School of Chemical Sciences Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403206 India
| | - Dada B. Shaikh
- Polymers and Functional Material Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad 201002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Avinash L. Puyad
- School of Chemical Sciences Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University Nanded 431606 Maharashtra India
| | - Sidhanath V. Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Material Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad 201002 Uttar Pradesh India
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3
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Optoelectronic Instrumentation and Measurement Strategies for Optical Chemical (Bio)Sensing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11177849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the development of sensitive, portable, and low-cost instrumentation for optical chemical (bio)sensing. Such instrumentation can allow real-time decision-making for industry, farmers, and researchers. The combination of optical fiber schemes, luminescence spectroscopy techniques, and new materials for sensor immobilization has allowed the growth of optical sensors. This article focuses on the development of low-cost optoelectronic instrumentation and measurement strategies for optical chemical (bio)sensing. Most of the articles in this field have focused on the chemical sensors themselves, although few have covered the design process for optoelectronic instrumentation. This article tries to fill this gap by presenting designs for real applications, as carried out by the authors. We also offer an introduction to the optical devices and optical measurement techniques used in this field to allow a full understanding of the applications.
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4
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Maity D, Hari N, Mohanta S. A Bis(Boronic Ester)-Based Fluorogenic and Chromogenic Sensor for F-and Cu2+. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section; University of Calcutta; Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Nairita Hari
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section; University of Calcutta; Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Sasankasekhar Mohanta
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section; University of Calcutta; Kolkata 700009 India
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5
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Jackson R, Logue BA. A review of rapid and field-portable analytical techniques for the diagnosis of cyanide exposure. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 960:18-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Wong MH, Giraldo JP, Kwak SY, Koman VB, Sinclair R, Lew TTS, Bisker G, Liu P, Strano MS. Nitroaromatic detection and infrared communication from wild-type plants using plant nanobionics. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:264-272. [PMID: 27798623 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant nanobionics aims to embed non-native functions to plants by interfacing them with specifically designed nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate that living spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea) can be engineered to serve as self-powered pre-concentrators and autosamplers of analytes in ambient groundwater and as infrared communication platforms that can send information to a smartphone. The plants employ a pair of near-infrared fluorescent nanosensors-single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) conjugated to the peptide Bombolitin II to recognize nitroaromatics via infrared fluorescent emission, and polyvinyl-alcohol functionalized SWCNTs that act as an invariant reference signal-embedded within the plant leaf mesophyll. As contaminant nitroaromatics are transported up the roots and stem into leaf tissues, they accumulate in the mesophyll, resulting in relative changes in emission intensity. The real-time monitoring of embedded SWCNT sensors also allows residence times in the roots, stems and leaves to be estimated, calculated to be 8.3 min (combined residence times of root and stem) and 1.9 min mm-1 leaf, respectively. These results demonstrate the ability of living, wild-type plants to function as chemical monitors of groundwater and communication devices to external electronics at standoff distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hao Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Juan P Giraldo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Rosalie Sinclair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tedrick Thomas Salim Lew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Pingwei Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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7
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Nicolas-Gomez M, Bazany-Rodríguez IJ, Plata-Vargas E, Hernández-Ortega S, Dorazco-González A. Crystal structure of 3-benzamido-1-(4-nitro-benz-yl)quinolinium tri-fluoro-methane-sulfonate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:747-50. [PMID: 27308033 PMCID: PMC4908536 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016006423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C23H18N3O3 (+)·CF3SO3 (-), the asymmetric unit contains two crystallographically independent organic cations with similar conformations. Each cation shows a moderate distortion between the planes of the amide groups and the quinolinium rings with dihedral angles of 14.90 (2) and 31.66 (2)°. The quinolinium and phenyl rings are slightly twisted with respect to each other at dihedral angles of 6.99 (4) and 8.54 (4)°. The tri-fluoro-methane-sulfonate anions are linked to the organic cations via N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions involving the NH amide groups. In the crystal, the organic cations are linked by weak C-H⋯O(nitro group) inter-actions into supramol-ecular chains propagating along the b-axis direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nicolas-Gomez
- Centro Conjunto de Investigacion en Quimica Sustentable UAEM–UNAM, Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 14.5 CP 50200 Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Iván J. Bazany-Rodríguez
- Centro Conjunto de Investigacion en Quimica Sustentable UAEM–UNAM, Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 14.5 CP 50200 Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Plata-Vargas
- Centro Conjunto de Investigacion en Quimica Sustentable UAEM–UNAM, Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 14.5 CP 50200 Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Simón Hernández-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Rayos-X, Instituto de Quimica, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Deleg. Coyoacán México 04510, México DF, México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Dorazco-González
- Centro Conjunto de Investigacion en Quimica Sustentable UAEM–UNAM, Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 14.5 CP 50200 Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
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8
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Barare B, Yıldız M, Ünver H, Aslan K. Characterization and use of (E)-2-[(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl]phenol as an anion sensor and a DNA-binding agent. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Shiraishi Y, Nakamura M, Matsushita N, Hirai T. A pyrylium–coumarin dyad as a colorimetric receptor for ratiometric detection of cyanide anions by two absorption bands in the visible region. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A pyrylium–coumarin dyad behaves as a colorimetric receptor for ratiometric detection of cyanide anions in aqueous media by two absorption bands in the visible wavelength region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shiraishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka 560-8531
- Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka 560-8531
- Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsushita
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka 560-8531
- Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirai
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka 560-8531
- Japan
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10
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Mahalingam M, Irulappan M, Kasirajan G, Palathurai Subramaniam M, Ramasamy S, Unnisa N. Synthesis of bisbenzimidazo quinoline fluorescent receptor for Fe2+ ion in the aqueous medium – An experimental and theoretical approach. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Ghosh D, Rhodes S, Hawkins K, Winder D, Atkinson A, Ming W, Padgett C, Orvis J, Aiken K, Landge S. A simple and effective 1,2,3-triazole based “turn-on” fluorescence sensor for the detection of anions. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole based chemosensor is synthesized using “Click chemistry” approach. Addition of fluoride ion “turn-on” the fluorescence response of probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjana Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia Southern University
- Statesboro
- USA
| | - Shannon Rhodes
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia Southern University
- Statesboro
- USA
| | - Karena Hawkins
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia Southern University
- Statesboro
- USA
| | | | - Austin Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia Southern University
- Statesboro
- USA
| | - Weihua Ming
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia Southern University
- Statesboro
- USA
| | - Clifford Padgett
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Armstrong Atlantic State University
- Savannah
- USA
| | - Jeffrey Orvis
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia Southern University
- Statesboro
- USA
| | - Karelle Aiken
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia Southern University
- Statesboro
- USA
| | - Shainaz Landge
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia Southern University
- Statesboro
- USA
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12
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Mahapatra AK, Maiti K, Maji R, Manna SK, Mondal S, Ali SS, Manna S. Ratiometric fluorescent and chromogenic chemodosimeter for cyanide detection in water and its application in bioimaging. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17199c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An indole conjugated thiophene–pyridyl moiety, ITP, has been synthesized and characterized for the selective detection of cyanide with a low detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Kalipada Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Rajkishor Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Saikat Kumar Manna
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Sanchita Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Syed Samim Ali
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Srimanta Manna
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
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13
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Adegoke OA, Adesuji TE, Thomas OE. Novel colorimetric sensors for cyanide based on azo-hydrazone tautomeric skeletons. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 128:147-152. [PMID: 24667418 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The monoazo dyes, 4-carboxyl-2, 6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes dyes (AZ-01, AZ-03 and AZ-04), were evaluated as a highly selective colorimetric chemosensor for cyanide ion. The recognition of cyanide ion gave an obvious colour change from light yellow to brownish red and upon dilution with acetone produced a purple to lilac colour. Optimum conditions for the reaction between the azo dyes and cyanide ion were established at 30°C for 5 min, and different variables affecting the reaction were carefully studied and optimised. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships between the CN(-) concentrations and light absorption were established. Using these azo-hydrazone molecular switch entities, excellent selectivity towards the detection of CN(-) in aqueous solution over miscellaneous competitive anions was observed. Such selectivity mainly results from the possibility of nucleophilic attack on the azo-hydrazone chemosensors by cyanide anions in aqueous system, which is not afforded by other competing anions. The cyanide chemosensor method described here should have potential application as a new family probes for detecting cyanide in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajire A Adegoke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Orita UI, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Temitope E Adesuji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Orita UI, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun E Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Orita UI, Ibadan, Nigeria
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14
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Chall S, Mati SS, Konar S, Singharoy D, Bhattacharya SC. An efficient, Schiff-base derivative for selective fluorescence sensing of Zn2+ions: quantum chemical calculation appended by real sample application and cell imaging study. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6447-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00732h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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15
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Razi SS, Ali R, Srivastava P, Misra A. Simple Michael acceptor type coumarin derived turn-on fluorescence probes to detect cyanide in pure water. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Dorazco-González A, Alamo MF, Godoy-Alcántar C, Höpfl H, Yatsimirsky AK. Fluorescent anion sensing by bisquinolinium pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide receptors in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Razi SS, Ali R, Srivastava P, Misra A. A selective quinoline-derived fluorescent chemodosimeter to detect cyanide in aqueous medium. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Tirfoin R, Aldridge S. A molecular ‘traffic light’: highly selective cyanide sensing in aqueous media by a CpFe(indenyl)-functionalized borane. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:12836-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51894a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Yang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics
and Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials
(IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing
210046, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Nicoleti CR, Garcia DN, da Silva LE, Begnini IM, Rebelo RA, Joussef AC, Machado VG. Synthesis of 1,8–Naphthyridines and Their Application in the Development of Anionic Fluorogenic Chemosensors. J Fluoresc 2012; 22:1033-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-012-1041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Radhakumary C, Sreenivasan K. Rapid and highly selective dipchecking for cyanide ions in aqueous media. Analyst 2012; 137:5387-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35886g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Isaad J, Achari AE. Biosourced 3-formyl chromenyl-azo dye as Michael acceptor type of chemodosimeter for cyanide in aqueous environment. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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24
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Nishiyabu R, Kubo Y, James TD, Fossey JS. Boronic acid building blocks: tools for sensing and separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1106-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02920c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Siewert I, Fitzpatrick P, Broomsgrove AEJ, Kelly M, Vidovic D, Aldridge S. Probing the influence of steric bulk on anion binding by triarylboranes: comparative studies of FcB(o-Tol)2, FcB(o-Xyl)2 and FcBMes2. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10345-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10185d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cao D, Zhao H, Gabbaï FP. A sandwich complex of trimesitylborane Mes3B: synthesis, characterization and anion binding properties of Mes2B[(η6-Mes)FeCp]+. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20290a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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28
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Yoshino J, Kano N, Kawashima T. Fluorescence Color Change of a Boron-Substituted Diarylazomethine by Reaction with a Cyanide Ion. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Yan F, Gopal Reddy CV, Zhang Y, Vo-Dinh T. A novel cyanide ion sensing approach based on Raman scattering for the detection of environmental cyanides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1490-1494. [PMID: 20541261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a direct optical approach based on Raman scattering for selective and sensitive detection of cyanide ions in aqueous environment without requiring time-consuming sample pretreatment and the formation of hydrogen cyanide. Due to the strong affinity between copper (I) and cyanide ion, evaporated copper (I) iodide (CuI) thin films are shown to be excellent substrates for selective recognition of free cyanide ions in aqueous matrices. The amount of cyanide ion retained by the copper (I) in the CuI thin films reflects its actual concentration in tested samples, and the subsequent Raman measurements of the substrate are shown to be capable of detecting toxic cyanide content at levels under international drinking water standard and environmental regulatory concentrations. Measurements obtained from the same batch of evaporated CuI thin films (approximately 100-nm thickness) show excellent linearity over a variety of cyanide concentrations ranging from 1.5 microM to 0.15 mM. This detection method offers the advantage of selectively detecting cyanides causing a health hazard while avoiding detection of other common interfering anions such as Cl-, Br-, PO4(3-), SO4(2-), NO2-, S2- and SCN-. Coupled with portable Raman systems that are commercially available, our detection approach will provide on-site monitoring capability with little sample preparation or instrument supervision, which will greatly expedite the assessment of potential environmental cyanide risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Huo FJ, Su J, Sun YQ, Yin CX, Chao JB. A New Ring-opening Chromene Molecule: Colorimetric Detection of Cyanide Anion. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kim GJ, Kim HJ. Coumarinyl aldehyde as a Michael acceptor type of colorimetric and fluorescent probe for cyanide in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The Concept of λ-Ratiometry in Fluorescence Sensing and Imaging. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:1099-128. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jin S, Cheng Y, Reid S, Li M, Wang B. Carbohydrate recognition by boronolectins, small molecules, and lectins. Med Res Rev 2010; 30:171-257. [PMID: 19291708 PMCID: PMC2829346 DOI: 10.1002/med.20155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are known to mediate a large number of biological and pathological events. Small and macromolecules capable of carbohydrate recognition have great potentials as research tools, diagnostics, vectors for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents, and therapeutic agents. However, this potential is far from being realized. One key issue is the difficulty in the development of "binders" capable of specific recognition of carbohydrates of biological relevance. This review discusses systematically the general approaches that are available in developing carbohydrate sensors and "binders/receptors," and their applications. The focus is on discoveries during the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Suazette Reid
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
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Cheng Y, Li M, Wang S, Peng H, Reid S, Ni N, Fang H, Xu W, Wang B. Carbohydrate biomarkers for future disease detection and treatment. Sci China Chem 2010; 53:3-20. [PMID: 32214994 PMCID: PMC7089153 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-0021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are considered as one of the most important classes of biomarkers for cell types, disease states, protein functions, and developmental states. Carbohydrate "binders" that can specifically recognize a carbohydrate biomarker can be used for developing novel types of site specific delivery methods and imaging agents. In this review, we present selected examples of important carbohydrate biomarkers and how they can be targeted for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Examples are arranged based on disease categories including (1) infectious diseases, (2) cancer, (3) inflammation and immune responses, (4) signal transduction, (5) stem cell transformation, (6) embryo development, and (7) cardiovascular diseases, though some issues cross therapeutic boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- YunFeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - MinYong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - ShaoRu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - HanJing Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Suazette Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - NanTing Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - WenFang Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - BingHe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
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Lou B, Chen ZQ, Bian ZQ, Huang CH. Multisignaling detection ofcyanide anions based on an iridium(iii) complex: remarkable enhancement of sensitivity by coordination effect. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00442d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bresner C, Haynes CJE, Addy DA, Broomsgrove AEJ, Fitzpatrick P, Vidovic D, Thompson AL, Fallis IA, Aldridge S. Comparative structural and thermodynamic studies of fluoride and cyanide binding by PhBMes2 and related triarylborane Lewis acids. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Sarkar D, Mallick A, Haldar B, Chattopadhyay N. Ratiometric spectroscopic response of pH sensitive probes: An alternative strategy for multidimensional sensing. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Divya KP, Sreejith S, Balakrishna B, Jayamurthy P, Anees P, Ajayaghosh A. A Zn2+-specific fluorescent molecular probe for the selective detection of endogenous cyanide in biorelevant samples. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6069-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01159b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yang R, Wu W, Wang W, Li Z, Qin J. Copolymer of Fluorene and Triphenylamine Moieties: Direct and Post-Functionalization Strategy, Structural Characterization, and Chemosensoring Behavior. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Broomsgrove AEJ, A. Addy D, Di Paolo A, Morgan IR, Bresner C, Chislett V, Fallis IA, Thompson AL, Vidovic D, Aldridge S. Evaluation of Electronics, Electrostatics and Hydrogen Bond Cooperativity in the Binding of Cyanide and Fluoride by Lewis Acidic Ferrocenylboranes. Inorg Chem 2009; 49:157-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901673u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Addy
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QR
| | - Angela Di Paolo
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QR
| | - Ian R. Morgan
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QR
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, United Kingdom, CF10 3AT
| | - Christopher Bresner
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QR
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, United Kingdom, CF10 3AT
| | - Victoria Chislett
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QR
| | - Ian A. Fallis
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, United Kingdom, CF10 3AT
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QR
| | - Dragoslav Vidovic
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QR
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3QR
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Lou X, Qiang L, Qin J, Li Z. A new rhodamine-based colorimetric cyanide chemosensor: convenient detecting procedure and high sensitivity and selectivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:2529-2535. [PMID: 20356123 DOI: 10.1021/am900467b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
By applying an indirect strategy, a new rhodamine-based dye (I) was successfully developed as a colorimetric chemosensor for the sensitive detection of cyanide. In the presence of copper ions, the colorless solution of compound I changed to magenta; however, upon the addition of trace cyanide, the magenta color faded to colorless immediately, with a detection limit as low as 0.013 ppm (DeltaA = 0.054), much lower than the Maximum Contaminant Level for cyanide in drinking water (0.20 ppm) set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Other anions, including Cl(-), I(-), IO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-), NO(2)(-), Br(-), H(2)PO(4)(-), F(-), SCN(-), HSO(4)(-), and ClO(4)(-), had nearly no influence on the probing behavior of dye I toward cyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoding Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Yoshino J, Kano N, Kawashima T. Fluorescence Properties of Simple N-Substituted Aldimines with a B−N Interaction and Their Fluorescence Quenching by a Cyanide Ion. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7496-503. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901733b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junro Yoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naokazu Kano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Jamkratoke M, Ruangpornvisuti V, Tumcharern G, Tuntulani T, Tomapatanaget B. A-D-A Sensors Based on Naphthoimidazoledione and Boronic Acid as Turn-On Cyanide Probes in Water. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3919-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900170r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matinee Jamkratoke
- Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, and National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Patumthanee 12120, Thailand
| | - Vithaya Ruangpornvisuti
- Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, and National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Patumthanee 12120, Thailand
| | - Gamolwan Tumcharern
- Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, and National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Patumthanee 12120, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Tuntulani
- Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, and National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Patumthanee 12120, Thailand
| | - Boosayarat Tomapatanaget
- Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, and National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Patumthanee 12120, Thailand
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Peng L, Wang M, Zhang G, Zhang D, Zhu D. A Fluorescence Turn-on Detection of Cyanide in Aqueous Solution Based on the Aggregation-Induced Emission. Org Lett 2009; 11:1943-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900376r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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46
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Qian G, Li X, Wang ZY. Visible and near-infrared chemosensor for colorimetric and ratiometric detection of cyanide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b813478b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Li Z, Lou X, Yu H, Li Z, Qin J. An Imidazole-Functionalized Polyfluorene Derivative as Sensitive Fluorescent Probe for Metal Ions and Cyanide. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8013096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong’an Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jingui Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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48
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Broomsgrove AE, Addy D, Bresner C, Fallis I, Thompson A, Aldridge S. AND/NOT Sensing of Fluoride and Cyanide Ions by Ferrocene-Derivatised Lewis Acids. Chemistry 2008; 14:7525-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Cho DG, Kim JH, Sessler JL. The benzil-cyanide reaction and its application to the development of a selective cyanide anion indicator. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:12163-7. [PMID: 18698844 DOI: 10.1021/ja8039025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The benzil-cyanide reaction is a cyanide-specific reaction that has been exploited to produce a colorimetric indicator for this toxic anion. This was done by producing a pi-extended analogue of benzil, 7, which is soluble in a 70:30 (v/v) mixture of methanol-water. In this medium, dilute solutions of 7 are yellow but produce colorless products when exposed to low concentrations of cyanide anion (> or = 1.7 microM; added as an aqueous NaCN solution), but no other common anions (e.g., OH(-), F(-), N3(-), benzoate(-), and H2PO4(-)). On the basis of these observations and supporting mechanistic analyses, it is concluded that the modified benzil system 7 is a promising cyanide anion indicator that is attractive in terms of its selectivity, ease-of-use, water compatibility, and the low, naked-eye discernible cyanide detection limit it provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, 1 University Station A5300, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA
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