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Liu Y, Schäffer A, Martinez M, Lenz M. Environmental selenium volatilization is possibly conferred by promiscuous reactions of the sulfur metabolism. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140548. [PMID: 37890793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Selenium deficiency affects many million people worldwide and volatilization of biogenically methylated selenium species to the atmosphere may limit Se entering the food chain. However, there is very little systematic data on volatilization at nanomolar concentrations prevalent in pristine natural environments. Pseudomonas tolaasii cultures efficiently methylated Se at these concentrations. Nearly perfect linear correlations between the spiked Se concentrations and Dimethylselenide, Dimethyldiselenide, Dimethylselenylsulfide and 2-hydroxy-3-(methylselanyl)propanoic acid were observed up to 80 nM. The efficiency of methylation increased linearly with increasing initial Se concentration, arguing that the enzymes involved are not constitutive, but methylation proceeds promiscuously via pathways of S methylation. From the ratio of all methylated Se and S species, one can conclude that between 0.30% and 3.48% of atoms were Se promiscuously methylated at such low concentrations. At concentrations higher than 640 nM (∼50 μg/L) a steep increase in methylation and volatilization was observed, which suggested the induction of specific enzymes. Promiscuous methylation at low environmental concentrations calls into question that view that methylated Se in the atmosphere is a result of a purposeful Se metabolism serving detoxification. Rather, the concentrations of methylated Se in the atmosphere may be "coincidental" i.e., determined by the activity of S cycling microorganisms. Further, a steep increase in methylation efficiency when surpassing a certain threshold concentration (here ∼50 μg/L) calls into question that natural methylation can be estimated from high Se spikes in laboratory systems, yet highlights the possibility of using bacterial methylation as an effective remediation strategy for media higher concentrated in Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathieu Martinez
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lenz
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland; Wageningen University, Department of Environmental Technology, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Bueno M, Duval B, Tessier E, Romero-Rama A, Kortazar L, Fernández LÁ, de Diego A, Amouroux D. Selenium distribution and speciation in waters of pristine alpine lakes from central-western Pyrenees (France-Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1430-1442. [PMID: 35080575 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The speciation of both redox reactive and volatile selenium (Se) compounds, barely reported in pristine aquatic environments, has never been investigated in remote alpine lakes, considered as sensitive ecosystems to detect the effect of global change. This work presents an integrated investigation on Se distribution and speciation conducted in 20 high altitude pristine lakes from the central-western Pyrenees. Five seasonal sampling campaigns were carried out after snowmelt (June/July) and in early fall (October) for the period 2017-2019. Concentrations of total dissolved Se (TDSe) ranged from 7 to 78 ng L-1, with selenate being ubiquitously observed in most cases (median of 61% of TDSe). Selenite was only occasionally detected up to 4 ng L-1, therefore a fraction of TDSe was presumably in the forms of elemental Se(0) and/or selenides. Depth profiles obtained in different lakes showed the occurrence of such Se(-II, 0) pools in bottom hypoxic to anoxic waters. The production of volatile Se compounds presented a low median total concentration (TVSe) of 33 pg L-1 (range 3-120 pg L-1), mainly in the form of dimethylselenide in subsurface samples (median of 82% of TVSe). The Se concentration in lake waters was significantly correlated with the sulphate concentration (ρ = 0.93, p < 0.0001), demonstrating that it is influenced by erosion and dissolution of Se and S-enriched parent bedrocks. In addition, for Se depleted alpine lake-bedrock systems, long-range transport and wet atmospheric depositions represent a major source of Se for lake waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Bueno
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physical-Chemistry for the Environment and Materials - IPREM, Pau, France.
| | - Bastien Duval
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physical-Chemistry for the Environment and Materials - IPREM, Pau, France.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Tessier
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physical-Chemistry for the Environment and Materials - IPREM, Pau, France.
| | - Andrea Romero-Rama
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physical-Chemistry for the Environment and Materials - IPREM, Pau, France.
| | - Leire Kortazar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Luís Ángel Fernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Alberto de Diego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - David Amouroux
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physical-Chemistry for the Environment and Materials - IPREM, Pau, France.
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3
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Yoshioka Y, Matsumura S, Morimoto M, Takemoto Y, Kishi C, Moriyama T, Zaima N. Inhibitory Activities of Sulfur Compounds in Garlic Essential Oil against Alzheimer's Disease-Related Enzymes and Their Distribution in the Mouse Brain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10163-10173. [PMID: 34459194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Garlic reportedly has various physiological effects, including a role in protecting against dementia. However, the action mechanisms of garlic on AD are not entirely clear. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of garlic essential oil (GEO) against AD-related enzymes and evaluated the distribution of active substances in GEO to the brain. We found that several sulfur compounds in GEO significantly inhibited AD-related enzymes. Sulfur compounds were detected in the serum and brain 6 h post administration. The ratios of allyl mercaptan (24.0 ± 3.9%) and allyl methyl sulfide (49.8 ± 15.6%) in the brain were significantly higher than those in GEO, while those of dimethyl trisulfide (0.89 ± 34.8%), allyl methyl trisulfide (0.41 ± 19.0%), and diallyl trisulfide (0.43 ± 72.8%) in the brain were significantly lower than those in GEO. Similar results were observed in the serum, suggesting that the organosulfur compounds were converted to allyl mercaptan or allyl methyl sulfide in the body. Although allyl mercaptan and allyl methyl sulfide are not the main components of GEO, they might be key molecules to understand the bioactivities of GEO in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yoshioka
- INABATA KORYO, Co., Ltd., 3-5-20 Tagawa, Yodogawa, Osaka 532-0027, Japan
| | - Shinichi Matsumura
- INABATA KORYO, Co., Ltd., 3-5-20 Tagawa, Yodogawa, Osaka 532-0027, Japan
| | - Masanori Morimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Takemoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kishi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
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4
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Moreno-Martin G, Sanz-Landaluze J, León-González ME, Madrid Y. In vivo quantification of volatile organoselenium compounds released by bacteria exposed to selenium with HS-SPME-GC-MS. Effect of selenite and selenium nanoparticles. Talanta 2021; 224:121907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Detection of rare species of volatile organic selenium metabolites in male golden hamster urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4927-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Winkel LHE, Vriens B, Jones GD, Schneider LS, Pilon-Smits E, Bañuelos GS. Selenium cycling across soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces: a critical review. Nutrients 2015; 7:4199-239. [PMID: 26035246 PMCID: PMC4488781 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans and animals, which occurs ubiquitously in the environment. It is present in trace amounts in both organic and inorganic forms in marine and freshwater systems, soils, biomass and in the atmosphere. Low Se levels in certain terrestrial environments have resulted in Se deficiency in humans, while elevated Se levels in waters and soils can be toxic and result in the death of aquatic wildlife and other animals. Human dietary Se intake is largely governed by Se concentrations in plants, which are controlled by root uptake of Se as a function of soil Se concentrations, speciation and bioavailability. In addition, plants and microorganisms can biomethylate Se, which can result in a loss of Se to the atmosphere. The mobilization of Se across soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces is thus of crucial importance for human Se status. This review gives an overview of current knowledge on Se cycling with a specific focus on soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces. Sources, speciation and mobility of Se in soils and plants will be discussed as well as Se hyperaccumulation by plants, biofortification and biomethylation. Future research on Se cycling in the environment is essential to minimize the adverse health effects associated with unsafe environmental Se levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny H E Winkel
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Bas Vriens
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Gerrad D Jones
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Leila S Schneider
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Gary S Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA.
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Rigby MC, Lemly AD, Gerads R. Fish toxicity testing with selenomethionine spiked feed--what's the real question being asked? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:511-517. [PMID: 24473081 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00612c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency and several U.S. states and Canadian provinces are currently developing national water quality criteria for selenium that are based in part on toxicity tests performed by feeding freshwater fish a selenomethionine-spiked diet. Using only selenomethionine to examine the toxicity of selenium is based in part on the limitations of the analytical chemistry methods commonly used in the 1990s and 2000s to speciate selenium in freshwater biota. While these methods provided a good starting point, recent improvements in analytical chemistry methodology have demonstrated that selenium speciation in biota is far more complex than originally thought. Here, we review the recent literature that suggests that there are numerous additional selenium species present in freshwater food chains and that the toxicities of these other selenium species, both individually and in combination, have not been evaluated in freshwater fishes. Evidence from studies on birds and mammals suggests that the other selenium forms differ in their metabolic pathways and toxicity from selenomethionine. Therefore, we conclude that toxicity testing using selenomethionine-spiked feed is only partly addressing the question "what is the toxicity of selenium to freshwater fishes?" and that using the results of these experiments to derive freshwater quality criteria may lead to biased water quality criteria. We also discuss additional studies that are needed in order to derive a more ecologically relevant freshwater quality criterion for selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Rigby
- Parsons, 10235 South Jordan Gateway, Suite 300, South Jordan, Utah 84095, USA.
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8
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Németh A, García Reyes JF, Kosáry J, Dernovics M. The relationship of selenium tolerance and speciation in Lecythidaceae species. Metallomics 2013; 5:1663-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00140g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Matich AJ, McKenzie MJ, Lill RE, Brummell DA, McGhie TK, Chen RKY, Rowan DD. Selenoglucosinolates and their metabolites produced in Brassica spp. fertilised with sodium selenate. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 75:140-52. [PMID: 22197453 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are sulphur-containing glycosides found in many Brassica spp. that are important because their aglycone hydrolysis products protect the plant from herbivores and exhibit anti-cancer properties in humans. Recently, synthetically produced selenium analogues have been shown to be more effective at suppressing cancers than their sulphur counterparts. Although selenium is incorporated into a number of Brassica amino acids and peptides, firm evidence has yet to be presented for the presence of selenium in the glucosinolates and their aglycones in planta. In this study broccoli and cauliflower florets, and roots of forage rape, all obtained from plants treated with sodium selenate, were analysed for the presence of organoselenides. GC-MS analysis of pentane/ether extracts identified six organoselenium compounds including selenium analogues of known myrosinase-derived Brassica volatiles: 4-(methylseleno)butanenitrile, 5-(methylseleno)pentanenitrile, 3-(methylseleno)propylisothiocyanate, 4-(methylseleno)butylisothiocyanate, and 5-(methylseleno)pentylisothiocyanate. LC-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts identified three selenoglucosinolates: 3-(methylseleno)propylglucosinolate (glucoselenoiberverin), 4-(methylseleno)butylglucosinolate (glucoselenoerucin), and 5-(methylseleno)pentylglucosinolate (glucoselenoberteroin). LC-MS/MS analysis was used to locate the position of the selenium atom in the selenoglucosinolate and indicates preferential incorporation of selenium via selenomethionine into the methylselenyl moiety rather than into the sulphate or β-thioglucose groups. In forage rape, selenoglucosinolates and their aglycones (mainly isothiocyanates), occurred at concentrations up to 10% and 70%, respectively, of their sulphur analogues. In broccoli, concentrations of the selenoglucosinolates and their aglycones (mainly nitriles) were up to 60% and 1300%, respectively of their sulphur analogues. These findings indicate the potential for the incorporation of high levels of selenium into Brassica glucosinolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Matich
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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10
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Block E. Challenges and Artifact Concerns in Analysis of Volatile Sulfur Compounds. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2011-1068.ch002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Block
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
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11
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Dickschat JS, Zell C, Brock NL. Pathways and substrate specificity of DMSP catabolism in marine bacteria of the Roseobacter clade. Chembiochem 2010; 11:417-25. [PMID: 20043308 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The volatiles released by Phaeobacter gallaeciensis, Oceanibulbus indolifex and Dinoroseobacter shibae have been investigated by GC-MS, and several MeSH-derived sulfur volatiles have been identified. An important sulfur source in the oceans is the algal metabolite dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Labelled [2H6]DMSP was fed to the bacteria to investigate the production of volatiles from this compound through the lysis pathway to [2H6]dimethylsulfide or the demethylation pathway to [2H3]-3-(methylmercapto)propionic acid and lysis to [2H3]MeSH. [2H6]DMSP was efficiently converted to [2H3]MeSH by all three species. Several DMSP derivatives were synthesised and used in feeding experiments. Strong dealkylation activity was observed for the methylated ethyl methyl sulfoniopropionate and dimethylseleniopropionate, as indicated by the formation of EtSH- and MeSeH-derived volatiles, whereas no volatiles were formed from dimethyltelluriopropionate. In contrast, the dealkylation activity for diethylsulfoniopropionate was strongly reduced, resulting in only small amounts of EtSH-derived volatiles accompanied by diethyl sulfide in P. gallaeciensis and O. indolifex, while D. shibae produced the related oxidation product diethyl sulfone. The formation of diethyl sulfide and diethyl sulfone requires the lysis pathway, which is not active for [2H6]DMSP. These observations can be explained by a shifted distribution between the two competing pathways due to a blocked dealkylation of ethylated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S Dickschat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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12
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Lam K, Tsang M, Labrie A, Gries R, Gries G. Semiochemical-mediated oviposition avoidance by female house flies, Musca domestica, on animal feces colonized with harmful fungi. J Chem Ecol 2010; 36:141-7. [PMID: 20148358 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
House flies, Musca domestica, utilize ephemeral resources such as animal feces for oviposition and development of larval offspring, but they face competition with fungi that colonize the same resource. We predicted that house flies avoid oviposition on feces well-colonized with fungi, thereby reducing fungal competition for larval offspring. Working with fungal isolates from chicken feces, we have previously shown that prior establishment of Phoma spp., Fusarium spp., or Rhizopus spp. on feces significantly reduced oviposition by house flies. Here, we report that, in the headspace volatiles of these three fungal genera, five compounds (dimethyl trisulfide, an unknown, 2-phenylethanol, citronellal, norphytone) elicit responses from house fly antennae. In behavioral bioassays, dimethyl trisulfide and 2-phenylethanol significantly reduced oviposition by house flies. We conclude that fungus-derived volatiles serve as semiochemical cues that help house flies avoid resources colonized with fungal competitors for the development of larval offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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13
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Burra R, Pradenas GA, Montes RA, Vásquez CC, Chasteen TG. Production of dimethyl triselenide and dimethyl diselenenyl sulfide in the headspace of metalloid-resistant Bacillus species grown in the presence of selenium oxyanions. Anal Biochem 2010; 396:217-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Diaz-Bone RA, van de Wiele TR. Biovolatilization of metal(loid)s by intestinal microorganisms in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:5249-5256. [PMID: 19708349 DOI: 10.1021/es900544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Methylation and hydrogenation of metal(loid)s by microorganisms are widespread and well-known processes in the environment by which mobility and in most cases toxicity are significantly enhanced in comparison to inorganic species. The human gut contains highly diverse and active microbiocenosis, yet little is known about the occurrence and importance of microbial metal(loid) methylation and hydrogenation. In this study, an in vitro gastrointestinal model, the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME),was used for investigating volatilization of metal(loid)s by intestinal microbiota. Suspensions from different compartments of the SHIME system analogous to different parts of the human intestinal tract were incubated with different concentrations of inorganic Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Hg, Pb, and Bi and analyzed by gas chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICP-MS). Significant volatilization was found for Se, As, and Te (maximal hourly production rates relative to the amount spiked; 0.6, 2, and 9 ng/mg/h, respectively). In addition, volatile species of Sb and Bi were detected. The occurrence of AsH3 and (CH3)2Te was toxicologically important. Furthermore, mixed Se/S and mixed As/S metabolites were detected in significant amounts in the gas phase of the incubation experiments of which two metabolites, (CH3)2AsSSCH3 and CH3As(SCH3)2, are described for the first time in environmental matrices. The toxicology of these species is unknown. These data show that the intestinal microbiota may increase the mobility of metal(loid)s, suggesting a significant modulation of their toxicity. Our research warrants further studies to investigate the extent of this process as well as the availability of metal(loid)s from different sources for microbial transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland A Diaz-Bone
- Institute of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätstrasse 3-5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
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15
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Guymer D, Maillard J, Sargent F. A genetic analysis of in vivo selenate reduction by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 and Escherichia coli K12. Arch Microbiol 2009; 191:519-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-009-0478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lenz M, Smit M, Binder P, van Aelst AC, Lens PNL. Biological alkylation and colloid formation of selenium in methanogenic UASB reactors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2008; 37:1691-1700. [PMID: 18689730 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bioalkylation and colloid formation of selenium during selenate removal in upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) bioreactors was investigated. The mesophilic (30 degrees C) UASB reactor (pH = 7.0) was operated for 175 d with lactate as electron donor at an organic loading rate of 2 g COD L(-1) d(-1) and a selenium loading rate of 3.16 mg Se L(-1) d(-1). Combining sequential filtration with ion chromatographic analysis for selenium oxyanions and solid phase micro extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) for alkylated selenium compounds allowed to entirely close the selenium mass balance in the liquid phase for most of the UASB operational runtime. Although selenate was removed to more than 98.6% from the liquid phase, a less efficient removal of dissolved selenium was observed due to the presence of dissolved alkylated selenium species (dimethylselenide and dimethyldiselenide) and colloidal selenium particles in the effluent. The alkylated and the colloidal fractions contributed up to 15 and 31%, respectively, to the dissolved selenium concentration. The size fractions of the colloidal dispersion were: 4 to 0.45 mum: up to 21%, 0.45 to 0.2 mum: up to 11%, and particles smaller than 0.2 mum: up to 8%. Particles of 4 to 0.45 mum were formed in the external settler, but did not settle. SEM-EDX analysis showed that microorganisms form these selenium containing colloidal particles extracellularly on their surface. Lowering the temperature by 10 degrees C for 6 h resulted in drastically reduced selenate removal efficiencies (after a delay of 1.5 d), accompanied by the temporary formation of an unknown, soluble, organic selenium species. This study shows that a careful process control is a prerequisite for selenium treatment in UASB bioreactors, as disturbances in the operational conditions induce elevated selenium effluent concentrations by alkylation and colloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lenz
- Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen Univ., Bomenweg 2, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
This review describes volatiles released into the air by bacteria growing on defined media. Their occurrence, function, and biosynthesis are discussed, and a total of 308 references are cited. An effort has been made to organize the compounds according to their biosynthetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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18
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Kubachka KM, Meija J, LeDuc DL, Terry N, Caruso JA. Selenium volatiles as proxy to the metabolic pathways of selenium in genetically modified Brassica juncea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:1863-9. [PMID: 17410776 DOI: 10.1021/es0613714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study we demonstrate that the headspace selenium volatiles could be used as proxy to the metabolic pathways in the Se-accumulator plant Brassica juncea. The selenium metabolic pathways in wild type plants are compared to those of several genetically modified cultures. Complementary use of atomic and molecular mass spectrometric techniques also allowed for identification of yet unreported minor headspace Se-containing volatiles such as CH3SeSeSeCH3, CH3SeSSeCH3, and CH3SeCH2CH3. By combining the information resulting from this research with the previously known information about selenium metabolism in B. juncea, it is possible that a more efficacious phytoremediation tool can be constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Kubachka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, USA
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19
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Shah M, Meija J, Caruso JA. Relative Mass Defect Filtering of High-Resolution Mass Spectra for Exploring Minor Selenium Volatiles in Selenium-Enriched Green Onions. Anal Chem 2007; 79:846-53. [PMID: 17263309 DOI: 10.1021/ac060703k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the presence of minor Se-containing volatiles in Se-enriched green onions (Allium fistulosum) was investigated using the combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and a simple relative mass defect-based algorithm to aid trace level analysis of unknown components. This confirmed the structures of volatiles reported previously, along with several unreported small molecular weight Se-containing volatiles from plants, such as MeSeSeSMe. This data analysis technique was also useful to link the results obtained from molecular and elemental mass spectrometry thus aiding in the search for new trace level Se-containing volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, USA
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