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Ahamad S, Bhat SA. The Emerging Landscape of Small-Molecule Therapeutics for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15993-16032. [PMID: 36490325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene (HTT). The new insights into HD's cellular and molecular pathways have led to the identification of numerous potent small-molecule therapeutics for HD therapy. The field of HD-targeting small-molecule therapeutics is accelerating, and the approval of these therapeutics to combat HD may be expected in the near future. For instance, preclinical candidates such as naphthyridine-azaquinolone, AN1, AN2, CHDI-00484077, PRE084, EVP4593, and LOC14 have shown promise for further optimization to enter into HD clinical trials. This perspective aims to summarize the advent of small-molecule therapeutics at various stages of clinical development for HD therapy, emphasizing their structure and design, therapeutic effects, and specific mechanisms of action. Further, we have highlighted the key drivers involved in HD pathogenesis to provide insights into the basic principle for designing promising anti-HD therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh202002, India
| | - Shahnawaz A Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh202002, India
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2
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Tormählen NM, Martorelli M, Kuhn A, Maier F, Guezguez J, Burnet M, Albrecht W, Laufer SA, Koch P. Design and Synthesis of Highly Selective Brain Penetrant p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 65:1225-1242. [PMID: 33974419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced p38α mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation modulates cytokine overproduction and is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. As a potential therapeutic approach, novel Skepinone-based p38α MAP kinase inhibitors were optimized to cross the blood-brain barrier via either amino acid transporters or hydrophobic diffusion. To enhance absorption from the oral route, we used methyl ester prodrugs of the active carboxy analogs. Of these, 3-(8-((2,4-difluorophenyl)amino)-5-oxo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene-3-carboxamido)propanoic acid (43; p38α, IC50 = 5.5 nM) and 4-(8-((2,4-difluorophenyl)amino)-5-oxo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene-3-carboxamido)butanoic acid (44; p38α, IC50 = 12 nM) had brain-to-plasma ratios of 1.4 and 4.4, respectively. Compound 70, 3-(8-((2-aminophenyl)amino)-5-oxo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene-3-carboxamido)propanoic acid (p38α, IC50 = 1.0 nM), the Skepinone-N counterpart of 43, was most present in the mouse brain (brain-to-plasma ratio of 4.7; 0.4 mg/kg p.o., 2 h, 580 nmol/kg). Compounds 43, 44, and 70 were p38α-MAP-kinase-selective, metabolically stable, hERG nonbinding, and able to modulate IL-6 and TNF-α production in cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas M Tormählen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Annette Kuhn
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jamil Guezguez
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Burnet
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Koch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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New 2-amino-pyridinyl-N-acylhydrazones: Synthesis and identification of their mechanism of anti-inflammatory action. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109739. [PMID: 31918210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The main aim of this paper was the synthesis and the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of LASSBio-1828 (an amino-pyridinyl-N-acylhydrazone) and its respective hydrochloride, based on a p38α MAPK inhibitor (LASSBio-1824) previously synthesized by our group. MAIN METHODS The compounds were tested regarding their cell viability effect and on acute models of inflammation such as formalin-induced licking test, cell migration and inflammatory mediators quantification. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with the compounds inhibited p38α, reduced inflammatory pain, cell migration and inflammatory mediators that participate on the MAPK pathway such as TNF-α and IL-1β. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results suggest that the synthesis of the corresponding hydrochloride of LASSBio-1828 enhanced its potency as a p38 inhibitor, and also that this compound could be considered a good anti-inflammatory drug candidate after further studies.
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Heider F, Pantsar T, Kudolo M, Ansideri F, De Simone A, Pruccoli L, Schneider T, Goettert MI, Tarozzi A, Andrisano V, Laufer SA, Koch P. Pyridinylimidazoles as GSK3β Inhibitors: The Impact of Tautomerism on Compound Activity via Water Networks. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1407-1414. [PMID: 31620226 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is involved in many pathological conditions and represents an attractive drug target. We previously reported dual GSK3β/p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors and identified N-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide (1) as a potent dual inhibitor of both target kinases. In this study, we aimed to design selective GSK3β inhibitors based on our pyridinylimidazole scaffold. Our efforts resulted in several novel and potent GSK3β inhibitors with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. 5-(2-(Cyclopropanecarboxamido)pyridin-4-yl)-4-cyclopropyl-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide (6g) displayed very good kinase selectivity as well as metabolical stability and inhibited GSK3β activity in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. Interestingly, we observed the importance of the 2-methylimidazole's tautomeric state for the compound activity. Finally, we reveal how this crucial tautomerism effect is surmounted by imidazole-2-carboxamides, which are able to stabilize the binding via enhanced water network interactions, regardless of their tautomeric state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Heider
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tatu Pantsar
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. BOX 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark Kudolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francesco Ansideri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Letizia Pruccoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Taiane Schneider
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS 95900-00, Brazil
| | - Marcia Inês Goettert
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS 95900-00, Brazil
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Koch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Heider F, Ansideri F, Tesch R, Pantsar T, Haun U, Döring E, Kudolo M, Poso A, Albrecht W, Laufer SA, Koch P. Pyridinylimidazoles as dual glycogen synthase kinase 3β/p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:309-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Khan MF, Verma G, Alam P, Akhter M, Bakht MA, Hasan SM, Shaquiquzzaman M, Alam MM. Dibenzepinones, dibenzoxepines and benzosuberones based p38α MAP kinase inhibitors: Their pharmacophore modelling, 3D-QSAR and docking studies. Comput Biol Med 2019; 110:175-185. [PMID: 31173941 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a series of dibenzepinones, dibenzoxepines, and benzosuberones targeting p38α MAP kinase were subjected to pharmacophore modelling, 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies. The IC50 values for these 67 compounds ranged between 0.003 and 6.80 μM. A five-point model (DDHHR.8) was generated using these compounds. This model was found to be statistically significant and was found to have high correlation (R2 = 0.98), cross-validation coefficient (Q2 = 0.95) and F (330) values at six component PLS factor. Tests were performed to ascertain the efficacy of the generated model. These tests included external validation, Tropsha's test for predictive ability, Y-randomisation test and domain of applicability (APD). In order to check the restrictivity of the model, enrichment studies were performed with inactive compounds by using decoy set molecules. To evaluate the effectiveness of the docking protocol, the co-crystallised ligand was extracted from the ligand-binding domain of the protein and was re-docked into the same position. Both the conformers were then superimposed, suggesting satisfactory docking parameters with an RMSD value of less than 1.0 Å (0.853 Å). A 10 ns molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the docking results of the 3UVP-ligand complex and the presumed active conformation. The outcome of the present study provides insight into the molecular features that promote bioactivity and can be exploited for the prediction of novel potent p38α MAP kinase inhibitors before carrying out their synthesis and anticancer evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Md Afroz Bakht
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box- 173, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Misbahul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Abstract
The title compound N1-{4-[2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl}benzene-1,4-diamine (2) was synthesized via nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 2-chloro-4-[2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine (3) and p-phenylenediamine under acidic conditions. The synthesized compound 2 was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS HPLC, IR and UV-VIS. Additionally, the structure of 2 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Pyridinylimidazole 2 displays moderate affinity towards the c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 and shows selectivity versus the closely related p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase.
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8
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Ansideri F, Macedo JT, Eitel M, El-Gokha A, Zinad DS, Scarpellini C, Kudolo M, Schollmeyer D, Boeckler FM, Blaum B, Laufer SA, Koch P. Structural Optimization of a Pyridinylimidazole Scaffold: Shifting the Selectivity from p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase to c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 3. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7809-7831. [PMID: 30087925 PMCID: PMC6072243 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Starting from known p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, a series of inhibitors of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 3 was obtained. Altering the substitution pattern of the pyridinylimidazole scaffold proved to be effective in shifting the inhibitory activity from the original target p38α MAPK to the closely related JNK3. In particular, a significant improvement for JNK3 selectivity could be achieved by addressing the hydrophobic region I with a small methyl group. Furthermore, additional structural modifications permitted to explore structure-activity relationships. The most potent inhibitor 4-(4-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-N-(4-morpholinophenyl)pyridin-2-amine showed an IC50 value for the JNK3 in the low triple digit nanomolar range and its binding mode was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ansideri
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joana T. Macedo
- Interfaculty
Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls
Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Eitel
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ahmed El-Gokha
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dhafer S. Zinad
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Camilla Scarpellini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark Kudolo
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank M. Boeckler
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bärbel
S. Blaum
- Interfaculty
Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls
Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Koch
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- E-mail: . Phone: +49 7071 2974579 (P.K.)
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9
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Herrmann S, Schübel T, Costa FN, Barbosa MLC, Ferreira FF, Dias TLMF, Araújo MV, Alexandre-Moreira MS, Lima LM, Laufer S, Barreiro EJ. Synthesis, X-ray diffraction study and pharmacological evaluation of 3-amino-4-methylthiophene-2-acylcarbohydrazones. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1073-1088. [PMID: 29873669 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acylhydrazone is an interesting privileged structure that has been used in the molecular design of a myriad of bioactive compounds. In order to identify new antinociceptive drug candidates, we described herein the design, synthesis, X-ray diffraction study and the pharmacological evaluation of a series of 3-amino-4-methylthiophene-2-acylcarbohydrazone derivatives (8a-t). Compounds were prepared in good overall yields through divergent synthesis from a common key intermediate and were characterized by classical spectroscopy methods. X-ray diffraction study was employed for unequivocal determination of the imine double bond stereochemistry. 8a-t were evaluated in vivo through oral administration using the classical writhing test in mice. N-acylhydrazone derivatives 8j and 8l displayed relative potency similar to dipyrone, highlighting them as promising analgesic lead-candidates for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Herrmann
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tabea Schübel
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fanny N Costa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia C Barbosa
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabio F Ferreira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Thays L M F Dias
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Morgana V Araújo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Magna S Alexandre-Moreira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Lídia M Lima
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eliezer J Barreiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ansideri F, Andreev S, Kuhn A, Albrecht W, Laufer SA, Koch P. A Diverse and Versatile Regiospecific Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkylsulfanylimidazoles as p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010221. [PMID: 29361698 PMCID: PMC6017033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An alternative strategy for the synthesis of 1-aryl- and 1-alkyl-2-methylsulfanyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)imidazoles as potential p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors is reported. The regioselective N-substitution of the imidazole ring was achieved by treatment of α-aminoketones with different aryl or alkyl isothiocyanates. In contrast to previously published synthesis routes starting from 2-amino-4-methylpyridine, the presented route is characterized by a higher flexibility and a lower number of steps. This strategy was also applied to access 1-alkyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)imidazoles in six steps starting from 2-chloro-4-methylpyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ansideri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Stanislav Andreev
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Annette Kuhn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | - Stefan A Laufer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Pierre Koch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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11
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Heider F, Haun U, Döring E, Kudolo M, Sessler C, Albrecht W, Laufer S, Koch P. From 2-Alkylsulfanylimidazoles to 2-Alkylimidazoles: An Approach towards Metabolically More Stable p38α MAP Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101729. [PMID: 29036906 PMCID: PMC6151569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo metabolism studies revealed that 2-alkylsulfanylimidazole ML3403 (4-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-N-(1-phenylethyl)pyridin-2-amine) undergoes rapid oxidation to the sulfoxide. Replacing the sulfur atom present in the two potent p38α mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors ML3403 and LN950 (2-((5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(2-((3-methylbutan-2-yl)amino)pyridin-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio)ethan-1-ol) by a methylene group resulted in 2-alkylimidazole derivatives 1 and 2, respectively, having a remarkably improved metabolic stability. The 2-alkylimidazole analogs 1 and 2 showed 20% and 10% biotransformation after 4 h of incubation with human liver microsomes, respectively. They display a 4-fold increased binding affinity towards the target kinase as well as similar in vitro potency and ex vivo efficacy relative to their 2-alkylsulfanylimidazole counterparts ML3403 and LN950. For example, 2-alkylimidazole 2, the analog of LN950, inhibits both the p38α MAP kinase as well as the LPS-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α release from human whole blood in the low double-digit nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Heider
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Urs Haun
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Eva Döring
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Mark Kudolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Catharina Sessler
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Pierre Koch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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12
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Freitas RHCN, Cordeiro NM, Carvalho PR, Alves MA, Guedes IA, Valerio TS, Dardenne LE, Lima LM, Barreiro EJ, Fernandes PD, Fraga CAM. Discovery of naphthyl-N-acylhydrazone p38α MAPK inhibitors with in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-TNF-α activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:391-397. [PMID: 28815968 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases constitute attractive therapeutic targets for development of new prototypes to treat different chronic diseases. Several available drugs, like tinibs, are tyrosine kinase inhibitors; meanwhile, inhibitors of serine/threonine kinases, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), are still trying to overcome some problems in one of the steps of clinical development to become drugs. So, here we reported the synthesis, the in vitro kinase inhibitory profile, docking studies, and the evaluation of anti-inflammatory profile of new naphthyl-N-acylhydrazone derivatives using animal models. Although all tested compounds (3a-d) have been characterized as p38α MAPK inhibitors and have showed in vivo anti-inflammatory action, LASSBio-1824 (3b) presented the best performance as p38α MAPK inhibitor, with IC50 = 4.45 μm, and also demonstrated to be the most promising anti-inflammatory prototype, with good in vivo anti-TNF-α profile after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana H C N Freitas
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália M Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, ICB, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia R Carvalho
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, ICB, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina A Alves
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabella A Guedes
- Grupo de Modelagem Molecular em Sistemas Biológicos (GMMSB), Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Tayna S Valerio
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, ICB, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laurent E Dardenne
- Grupo de Modelagem Molecular em Sistemas Biológicos (GMMSB), Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Lídia M Lima
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliezer J Barreiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia D Fernandes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, ICB, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A M Fraga
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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Walter NM, Wentsch HK, Bührmann M, Bauer SM, Döring E, Mayer-Wrangowski S, Sievers-Engler A, Willemsen-Seegers N, Zaman G, Buijsman R, Lämmerhofer M, Rauh D, Laufer SA. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Type I 1/ 2 p38α MAP Kinase Inhibitors with Excellent Selectivity, High Potency, and Prolonged Target Residence Time by Interfering with the R-Spine. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8027-8054. [PMID: 28834431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported 1a (skepinone-L) as a type I p38α MAP kinase inhibitor with high potency and excellent selectivity in vitro and in vivo. However, as a type I inhibitor, it is entirely ATP-competitive and shows just a moderate residence time. Thus, the scope was to develop a new class of advanced compounds maintaining the structural binding features of skepinone-L scaffold like inducing a glycine flip at the hinge region and occupying both hydrophobic regions I and II. Extending this scaffold with suitable residues resulted in an interference with the kinase's R-Spine. By synthesizing 69 compounds, we could significantly prolong the target residence time with one example to 3663 s, along with an excellent selectivity score of 0.006 and an outstanding potency of 1.0 nM. This new binding mode was validated by cocrystallization, showing all binding interactions typifying type I1/2 binding. Moreover, microsomal studies showed convenient metabolic stability of the most potent, herein reported representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas M Walter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heike K Wentsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mike Bührmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universitaet Dortmund , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Silke M Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Eva Döring
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Svenja Mayer-Wrangowski
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universitaet Dortmund , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adrian Sievers-Engler
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Willemsen-Seegers
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V. (NTRC) , Pivot Park, RE1210, Molenstraat 110, 5342 CC Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Zaman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V. (NTRC) , Pivot Park, RE1210, Molenstraat 110, 5342 CC Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Buijsman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V. (NTRC) , Pivot Park, RE1210, Molenstraat 110, 5342 CC Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universitaet Dortmund , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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14
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Juchum M, Günther M, Döring E, Sievers-Engler A, Lämmerhofer M, Laufer S. Trisubstituted Imidazoles with a Rigidized Hinge Binding Motif Act As Single Digit nM Inhibitors of Clinically Relevant EGFR L858R/T790M and L858R/T790M/C797S Mutants: An Example of Target Hopping. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4636-4656. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Juchum
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Günther
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eva Döring
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Sievers-Engler
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Wentsch HK, Walter NM, Bührmann M, Mayer-Wrangowski S, Rauh D, Zaman GJR, Willemsen-Seegers N, Buijsman RC, Henning M, Dauch D, Zender L, Laufer S. Optimierte Bindungsdauer am Zielenzym: Typ-I1/2
-Inhibitoren der p38α-MAP-Kinase mit verbesserter Bindungskinetik durch direkte Interaktion mit der R-Spine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike K. Wentsch
- Pharmazeutisches Institut; Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Niklas M. Walter
- Pharmazeutisches Institut; Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Mike Bührmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie; TU Dortmund; Deutschland
| | | | - Daniel Rauh
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie; TU Dortmund; Deutschland
| | - Guido J. R. Zaman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V. (NTRC); Oss Niederlande
| | | | | | - Melanie Henning
- Klinische Tumorbiologie; Abteilung Innere Medizin VIII; Universitätsklinikum Tübingen; Deutschland
- Institut für Physiologie; Abteilung Physiologie I; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Deutschland
| | - Daniel Dauch
- Klinische Tumorbiologie; Abteilung Innere Medizin VIII; Universitätsklinikum Tübingen; Deutschland
- Institut für Physiologie; Abteilung Physiologie I; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Deutschland
| | - Lars Zender
- Klinische Tumorbiologie; Abteilung Innere Medizin VIII; Universitätsklinikum Tübingen; Deutschland
- Institut für Physiologie; Abteilung Physiologie I; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Deutschland
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Pharmazeutisches Institut; Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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16
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Wentsch HK, Walter NM, Bührmann M, Mayer-Wrangowski S, Rauh D, Zaman GJR, Willemsen-Seegers N, Buijsman RC, Henning M, Dauch D, Zender L, Laufer S. Optimized Target Residence Time: Type I1/2
Inhibitors for p38α MAP Kinase with Improved Binding Kinetics through Direct Interaction with the R-Spine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5363-5367. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike K. Wentsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Niklas M. Walter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Mike Bührmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Technische Universität Dortmund; Germany
| | | | - Daniel Rauh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Technische Universität Dortmund; Germany
| | - Guido J. R. Zaman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V. (NTRC); Oss The Netherlands
| | | | - Rogier C. Buijsman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V. (NTRC); Oss The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII; University Hospital Tübingen (Germany)
- Institute of Physiology; Department of Physiology I; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Germany
| | - Daniel Dauch
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII; University Hospital Tübingen (Germany)
- Institute of Physiology; Department of Physiology I; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII; University Hospital Tübingen (Germany)
- Institute of Physiology; Department of Physiology I; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
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17
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Muth F, El-Gokha A, Ansideri F, Eitel M, Döring E, Sievers-Engler A, Lange A, Boeckler FM, Lämmerhofer M, Koch P, Laufer SA. Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Pyridinylimidazoles as Covalent Inhibitors of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 3. J Med Chem 2017; 60:594-607. [PMID: 27977190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The concept of covalent inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) was successfully transferred to our well validated pyridinylimidazole scaffold varying several structural features in order to deduce crucial structure-activity relationships. Joint targeting of the hydrophobic region I and methylation of imidazole-N1 position increased the activity and reduced the number of off-targets. The most promising covalent inhibitor, the tetrasubstituted imidazole 3-acrylamido-N-(4-((4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)benzamide (7) inhibits the JNK3 in the subnanomolar range (IC50 = 0.3 nM), shows high metabolic stability in human liver microsomes, and displays excellent selectivity in a screening against a panel of 410 kinases. Covalent bond formation to Cys-154 was confirmed by incubation of the inhibitors with wild-type JNK3 and JNK3-C154A mutant followed by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Muth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ahmed El-Gokha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University , Menofia, Egypt
| | - Francesco Ansideri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Eitel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eva Döring
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Sievers-Engler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Lange
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank M Boeckler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Koch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Ansideri F, Lange A, El-Gokha A, Boeckler FM, Koch P. Fluorescence polarization-based assays for detecting compounds binding to inactive c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 and p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase. Anal Biochem 2016; 503:28-40. [PMID: 26954235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two fluorescein-labeled pyridinylimidazoles were synthesized and evaluated as probes for the binding affinity determination of potential kinase inhibitors to the c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) and p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Fluorescence polarization (FP)-based competition binding assays were developed for both enzymes using 1-(3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthen]-5-yl)-3-(4-((4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)thiourea (5) as an FP probe (JNK3: Kd = 3.0 nM; p38α MAPK: Kd = 5.7 nM). The validation of the assays with known inhibitors of JNK3 and p38α MAPK revealed that both FP assays correlate very well with inhibition data received by the activity assays. This, in addition to the viability of both FP-based binding assays for the high-throughput screening procedure, makes the assays suitable as inexpensive prescreening protocols for JNK3 and p38α MAPK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ansideri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Lange
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ahmed El-Gokha
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Frank M Boeckler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Koch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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19
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From Enzyme to Whole Blood: Sequential Screening Procedure for Identification and Evaluation of p38 MAPK Inhibitors. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1360:123-48. [PMID: 26501907 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3073-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a pivotal enzyme in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and TNF. Therefore, the success of anti-cytokine therapy for treatment of inflammatory processes qualified p38-MAPK as a solid target in drug research concerning chronic inflammatory diseases including infectious vascular, neurobiological, and autoimmune disorders. However, the discovery of new kinase inhibitors is limited by the need for a high biological activity combined with restricted activity to the target enzyme or pathway interaction. As a consequence, no p38 MAPK inhibitor has been introduced to the market so far, although several p38 inhibitors have proceeded into clinical trials. The development of novel inhibitor types and optimization of already known structural classes of MAPK inhibitors require appropriate testing systems reaching across these crucial parameters. As a new approach, we describe the sequential arrangement of three testing systems custom-tailored to the requirements of drug discovery programs with focus on p38 inhibition. Integrated analysis of the obtained results enables a concerted step-by-step selection of tested molecules in order to screen a compound library for the most suitable inhibitor. First, evaluation of the inhibitor's activity on the isolated p38 MAPK enzyme via an ELISA assay gives a first idea about the inhibitory potency of the molecule. Moreover, structure-activity relationships can be elucidated when comparing molecules within inhibitor series. Second, screening in living cells via a p38 substrate-specific MK2-EGFP translocation assay supplies further information about efficacy, but provides also a first notion concerning selectivity and toxicity. Third, efficacy is evaluated more specifically in vivo in LPS-stimulated human whole blood with regard to in vivo parameters, e.g., pharmacokinetic characteristics like plasma protein binding and cellular permeability. These three testing systems complement one another synergistically by providing a high overlap and predictability. Clear advantages of all presented systems are their realizability in an academic environment as well as their applicability for high-throughput screenings on a larger scale.
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20
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Sabatini S, Manfroni G, Barreca ML, Bauer SM, Gargaro M, Cannalire R, Astolfi A, Brea J, Vacca C, Pirro M, Massari S, Tabarrini O, Loza MI, Fallarino F, Laufer SA, Cecchetti V. The Pyrazolobenzothiazine Core as a New Chemotype of p38 Alpha Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:531-45. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Silke M. Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy; Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Perugia; Piazzale Gambuli 06100 Perugia Italy
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Andrea Astolfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Jose Brea
- CIMUS Research Center; University of Santiago de Compostela; Avda de Barcelona s/n, Planta 3. Despacho 1 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Perugia; Piazzale Gambuli 06100 Perugia Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine; University of Perugia; Piazzale Gambuli 06100 Perugia Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Maria Isabel Loza
- CIMUS Research Center; University of Santiago de Compostela; Avda de Barcelona s/n, Planta 3. Despacho 1 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Perugia; Piazzale Gambuli 06100 Perugia Italy
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy; Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via A. Fabretti, 48 06123 Perugia Italy
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21
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El-Gokha A, Laufer SA, Koch P. An optimized and versatile synthesis to pyridinylimidazole-type p38α mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10699-704. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01505g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An optimized and diverse synthetic approach for the preparation of potent pyridinylimidazole-based p38α MAP kinase inhibitors is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Gokha
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chair for Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Pierre Koch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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22
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Muth F, Günther M, Bauer SM, Döring E, Fischer S, Maier J, Drückes P, Köppler J, Trappe J, Rothbauer U, Koch P, Laufer SA. Tetra-Substituted Pyridinylimidazoles As Dual Inhibitors of p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 3 for Potential Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2014; 58:443-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Muth
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Günther
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silke M. Bauer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eva Döring
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Fischer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Maier
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse
55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jörg Trappe
- Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse
55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Koch
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Anton R, Bauer SM, Keck PRWEF, Laufer S, Rothbauer U. A p38 substrate-specific MK2-EGFP translocation assay for identification and validation of new p38 inhibitors in living cells: a comprising alternative for acquisition of cellular p38 inhibition data. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95641. [PMID: 24743242 PMCID: PMC3990705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in inflammation underlines their importance as therapeutic targets for various inflammatory medical conditions, including infectious, vascular, neurobiological and autoimmune disease. Although decades of research have yielded several p38 inhibitors, most clinical trials have failed, due to lack of selectivity and efficacy in vivo. This underlines the continuous need to screen for novel structures and chemotypes of p38 inhibitors. Here we report an optimized MK2-EGFP translocation assay in a semi-automated image based High Content Analysis (HCA) system to screen a combinatorial library of 3362 proprietary compounds with extensive variations of chemotypes. By determining the levels of redistribution of MK2-EGFP upon activation of the Rac/p38 pathway in combination with compound treatment, new candidates were identified, which modulate p38 activity in living cells. Based on integrated analysis of TNFα release from human whole blood, biochemical kinase activity assays and JNK3 selectivity testing, we show that this cell based assay reveals a high overlap and predictability for cellular efficacy, selectivity and potency of tested compounds. As a result we disclose a new comprehensive short-list of subtype inhibitors which are functional in the low nanomolar range and might provide the basis for further lead-optimization. In accordance to previous reports, we demonstrate that the MK2-EGFP translocation assay is a suitable primary screening approach for p38-MAPK drug development and provide an attractive labor- and cost saving alternative to other cell based methods including determination of cytokine release from hPBMCs or whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Anton
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Silke M Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Laufer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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24
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Novel potent imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-N-Glycinyl-hydrazone inhibitors of TNF-α production: in vitro and in vivo studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91660. [PMID: 24632827 PMCID: PMC3954757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we describe the design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-N-glycinyl-hydrazone derivatives (1a–k) intended for use as inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production. The compounds were designed based on the orally active anti-inflammatory prototype LASSBio-1504 (2), which decreases the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro pharmacological evaluation of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compounds (1) showed that substitution of the N-phenylpyrazole core present in prototype 2 by a bioisosteric imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffold generated anti-TNF-α compounds that were more potent than the previously described N-phenylpyrazole derivative 2 and as potent as SB-203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor. The most active derivative (E)-2-(2-tert-butylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-ylamino)-N’-(4-chlorobenzylidene) acetohydrazide, or LASSBio-1749 (1i) was orally active as an anti-inflammatory agent in a subcutaneous air pouch model, reducing expressively the levels in vivo of TNF-α and other pro-inflammatory cytokines at all of the tested doses.
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25
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Storch K, Gehringer M, Baur B, Laufer SA. Metabolism of a novel skepinone l-like p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Baur B, Storch K, Martz KE, Goettert MI, Richters A, Rauh D, Laufer SA. Metabolically stable dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ones as highly selective p38 MAP kinase inhibitors: optimizing anti-cytokine activity in human whole blood. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8561-78. [PMID: 24131218 DOI: 10.1021/jm401276h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Five series of metabolically stable disubstituted dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ones were synthesized and tested in a p38α enzyme assay for their inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release in human whole blood. Compared to the monosubstituted dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-one derivatives, it has been shown that the additional introduction of hydrophilic residues at position 9 leads to a substantial improvement of the inhibitory potency and metabolic stability. Using protein X-ray crystallography, the binding mode of the disubstituted dibenzoxepinones and the induction of a glyince flip in the hinge region were confirmed. The most potent compound of this series, 32e, shows an outstanding biological activity on isolated p38α, with an IC50 value of 1.6 nM, extraordinary selectivity (by a factor >1000, Kinase WholePanelProfiler), and low ATP competitiveness. The ability to inhibit the release of TNF-α from human whole blood was optimized down to an IC50 value of 125 nM. With the promising dibenzoxepinone inhibitor 3i, a pharmacokinetic study in mice was conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Baur
- Institute of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Martz KE, Dorn A, Baur B, Schattel V, Goettert MI, Mayer-Wrangowski SC, Rauh D, Laufer SA. Targeting the Hinge Glycine Flip and the Activation Loop: Novel Approach to Potent p38α Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7862-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300951u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin E. Martz
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Angelika Dorn
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Benjamin Baur
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Verena Schattel
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Márcia I. Goettert
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Svenja C. Mayer-Wrangowski
- Faculty of Chemistry−Chemical
Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Faculty of Chemistry−Chemical
Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
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28
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Goettert M, Shaalan N, Graeser R, Laufer SA. Development of a p38δ mitogen activated protein kinase ELISA assay for the quantitative determination of inhibitor activity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 66:349-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Abu Thaher B, Arnsmann M, Totzke F, Ehlert JE, Kubbutat MHG, Schächtele C, Zimmermann MO, Koch P, Boeckler FM, Laufer SA. Tri- and tetrasubstituted pyrazole derivates: regioisomerism switches activity from p38MAP kinase to important cancer kinases. J Med Chem 2012; 55:961-5. [PMID: 22185282 DOI: 10.1021/jm201391u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the course of searching for new p38α MAP kinase inhibitors, we found that the regioisomeric switch from 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1-(aryl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine to 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1-(aryl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine led to an almost complete loss of p38α inhibition, but they showed activity against important cancer kinases. Among the tested derivatives, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (6a) exhibited the best activity, with IC(50) in the nanomolar range against Src, B-Raf wt, B-Raf V600E, EGFRs, and VEGFR-2, making it a good lead for novel anticancer programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Abu Thaher
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
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30
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Bühler S, Goettert M, Schollmeyer D, Albrecht W, Laufer SA. Chiral sulfoxides as metabolites of 2-thioimidazole-based p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors: enantioselective synthesis and biological evaluation. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3283-97. [PMID: 21449619 DOI: 10.1021/jm101623p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A number of pharmaceutically important drugs contain asymmetric sulfinyl moieties, so the biological evaluation of chiral sulfoxides as human drug metabolites is important for the development of safe and effective pharmaceuticals. Asymmetric oxidation is one of the most attractive ways to prepare chiral sulfoxides. In combination with different chiral ligands, the iron- and titanium-catalyzed asymmetric oxidations of tri- and tetrasubstituted 2-thioimidazoles afford the corresponding sulfoxides with enantiomeric excesses up to 99% as novel p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α MAPK) inhibitors. The enantiomerically pure sulfoxides were evaluated on their inhibitory potency against p38α MAPK compared to the respective sulfides and sulfoxide racemates and showed differences in their affinities for the enzyme with IC(50) in the low nanomolar range. In addition, the ability to inhibit the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human whole blood (HWB) was examined. Some pyridinylimidazole derivatives showed excellent HWB activity with IC(50) as low as 52 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bühler
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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31
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Goettert M, Luik S, Graeser R, Laufer SA. A direct ELISA assay for quantitative determination of the inhibitory potency of small molecules inhibitors for JNK3. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:236-40. [PMID: 21316174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The c-jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) is a promising drug target for the treatment of neurological disorders. Here we report a direct ELISA including the optimization of a nonradioactive immunosorbent JNK3 activity assay to determine inhibitory potency of small-molecule inhibitors. Based on our previous JNK3 assay and our recently optimized p38α mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) protocol for monitoring the phosphorylation of activating-transcription factor 2 (ATF-2), we present a rapid and straightforward alternative to conventional radioactive and indirect ELISA kinase assays. To validate the assay with the optimized assay conditions we used reference compounds and achieved well comparable IC(50) results to published data. The use of a linked monoclonal antibody increased the specificity and the sensitivity of the assay, reducing the required antibody concentration by approximately 100-fold. The novel protocol is an accurate, easy-to-handle and robust screening assay for JNK3 and the assay performance was reduced from 7.5 to 3h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Goettert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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32
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Selig R, Schattel V, Goettert M, Schollmeyer D, Albrecht W, Laufer S. Conformational effects on potency of thioimidazoles and dihydrothiazolines. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00228c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Goettert M, Schattel V, Koch P, Merfort I, Laufer S. Biological Evaluation and Structural Determinants of p38α Mitogen-Activated-Protein Kinase and c-Jun-N-Terminal Kinase 3 Inhibition by Flavonoids. Chembiochem 2010; 11:2579-88. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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