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Ulaganambi M, S LK, Kumar S, Tetala KKR. In silico studies and development of a protein-based electrochemical sensor for selective and sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:426. [PMID: 38935329 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Proteins from different species have been docked with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and identified 3 proteins (prostaglandin-E(2)9-reductase from Oryctolagus uniculus, proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim-1 and human immunoglobulin G (hIgG)) as potential candidates to develop an electrochemical sensor. Fluorescence spectroscopy experiments have confirmed the interaction of hIgG with AFB1 with an affinity constant of 4.6 × 105 M-1. As a proof-of-concept, hIgG was immobilized on carbon nanocomposite (carbon nanotube-nanofiber, CNT-F)-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE). FT-IR spectra, HR-TEM and BCA assay have confirmed successful immobilization of hIgG on the electrode (hIgG@CNT-F/GCE). The preparation of this protein electrochemical sensor requires only 1 h 36 min, which is fast as compared with preparing an electro immunosensor. hIgG@CNT-F/GCE has displayed an excellent AFB1 limit of detection (0.1 ng/mL), commendable selectivity in the presence of two other mycotoxins (ochratoxin A and patulin) and the detection of AFB1 in spiked peanuts and corn samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megala Ulaganambi
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar S
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Kishore K R Tetala
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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WU X, XU J, WANG D, YANG X, XU X. A new anti-colon cancer tumor pathway of Phenyllactic acid by reducing adhesion of Fusobacterium nucleatum. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.123222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu WU
- Northeast Agricultural University, China; Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Jinzhao XU
- Northeast Agricultural University, China; Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Danping WANG
- Northeast Agricultural University, China; Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Xiaoying YANG
- Northeast Agricultural University, China; Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Xiaoxi XU
- Northeast Agricultural University, China; Northeast Agricultural University, China
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Mylkie K, Nowak P, Rybczynski P, Ziegler-Borowska M. Polymer-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Protein Immobilization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:E248. [PMID: 33419055 PMCID: PMC7825442 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have become materials with great potential, especially considering the applications of biomedical sciences. A series of works on the preparation, characterization, and application of MNPs has shown that the biological activity of such materials depends on their size, shape, core, and shell nature. Some of the most commonly used MNPs are those based on a magnetite core. On the other hand, synthetic biopolymers are used as a protective surface coating for these nanoparticles. This review describes the advances in the field of polymer-coated MNPs for protein immobilization over the past decade. General methods of MNP preparation and protein immobilization are presented. The most extensive section of this article discusses the latest work on the use of polymer-coated MNPs for the physical and chemical immobilization of three types of proteins: enzymes, antibodies, and serum proteins. Where possible, the effectiveness of the immobilization and the activity and use of the immobilized protein are reported. Finally, the information available in the peer-reviewed literature and the application perspectives for the MNP-immobilized protein systems are summarized as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.M.); (P.N.); (P.R.)
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Smith DL, Lemieux EN, Barua S. Correction in Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Absorbance Assay to Analyze Protein Concentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984418500058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Conducting the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay directly after a coupling reaction using (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide) (EDC) and [Formula: see text]-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) chemistry produces significant errors. Here we present a correction for the quantification of gelatin in the supernatant (SN) following gelatin conjugation to polymer microparticles using EDC and NHS chemistry. Following the conjugation reaction, SNs from the gelatin-microparticle formation reaction are treated with BCA assay reagents and quantified for the percentage of unbound gelatin in the solution. NHS was found to interfere with the BCA assay reagents and is dependent on incubation time. It is found that the large concentration (500[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) of NHS in the conjugation reaction interferes with the sensitivity of gelatin present in SNs. The interference from NHS requires a careful analysis to distinguish the BCA background absorbance from the sample absorbance. Using an NHS control solution can correct NHS interference and thus decrease the expensive iterations in gelatin quantification and enable accurate analysis of gelatin content. The accuracy of gelatin quantification is further improved by reducing the BCA assay incubation time to approximately 20[Formula: see text]min, compared with the recommended 30[Formula: see text]min. This re-assessment of BCA assay is important to avoid misestimating biases in bioconjugation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 110 Bertelsmeyer Hall, 1101 N. State Street, Rolla MO 65409-1230, USA
| | - Elizabeth N. Lemieux
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 110 Bertelsmeyer Hall, 1101 N. State Street, Rolla MO 65409-1230, USA
| | - Sutapa Barua
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 110 Bertelsmeyer Hall, 1101 N. State Street, Rolla MO 65409-1230, USA
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Determination of polyurethane-grafted peptide (GSGREDVGSG) using bicinchoninic acid assay. Biotechniques 2018; 64:245-253. [PMID: 29939094 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal in the presented study was to develop a simple, fast and accurate method for measuring the surface density of a short peptide sequence bound to a polymeric substrate. We analyzed polyurethane samples chemically modified with acrylic acid and polyurethane-grafted peptide (GSGREDVGSG) and investigated the possibility of using the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay to determine surface density of the solid-supported peptide. We set the conditions (temperature, time) under which the test should be conducted. We also studied the interaction of the BCA reagent with polyurethane substrate and the effect of drying conditions as well as material type and form on the test response. We have proposed potential factors that might interfere with the BCA assay and chosen the proper control materials.
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Nicolás P, Lassalle VL, Ferreira ML. Quantification of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) using ICP-AES combined with Bradford method. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 97:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Quevedo PD, Behnke T, Resch-Genger U. Streptavidin conjugation and quantification-a method evaluation for nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4133-49. [PMID: 27038055 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at the development of validated protocols for protein conjugation of nanomaterials and the determination of protein labeling densities, we systematically assessed the conjugation of the model protein streptavidin (SAv) to 100-, 500-, and 1000-nm-sized polystyrene and silica nanoparticles and dye-encoded polymer particles with two established conjugation chemistries, based upon achievable coupling efficiencies and labeling densities. Bioconjugation reactions compared included EDC/sulfo NHS ester chemistry for direct binding of the SAv to carboxyl groups at the particle surface and maleimide-thiol chemistry in conjunction with heterobifunctional PEG linkers and aminated nanoparticles (NPs). Quantification of the total and functional amounts of SAv on these nanomaterials and unreacted SAv in solution was performed with the BCA assay and the biotin-FITC (BF) titration, relying on different signal generation principles, which are thus prone to different interferences. Our results revealed a clear influence of the conjugation chemistry on the amount of NP crosslinking, yet under optimized reaction conditions, EDC/sulfo NHS ester chemistry and the attachment via heterobifunctional PEG linkers led to comparably efficient SAv coupling and good labeling densities. Particle size can obviously affect protein labeling densities and particularly protein functionality, especially for larger particles. For unstained nanoparticles, direct bioconjugation seems to be the most efficient strategy, whereas for dye-encoded nanoparticles, PEG linkers are to be favored for the prevention of dye-protein interactions which can affect protein functionality specifically in the case of direct SAv binding. Moreover, an influence of particle size on achievable protein labeling densities and protein functionality could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Darío Quevedo
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnke
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Vashist SK, van Oordt T, Schneider EM, Zengerle R, von Stetten F, Luong JH. A smartphone-based colorimetric reader for bioanalytical applications using the screen-based bottom illumination provided by gadgets. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:248-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Quantification of particle-conjugated or particle-encapsulated peptides on interfering reagent backgrounds. Biotechniques 2014; 57:39-44. [PMID: 25005692 DOI: 10.2144/000114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Particle-based technologies are increasingly being used in diagnostics and therapeutics. The particles employed in these applications are usually composed of polymers such as poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) and functionalized with peptides or proteins. Peptide or protein conjugation to particles is frequently achieved using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), while dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used to retrieve surface-attached or encapsulated peptides or proteins by solubilizing the particles. We examined strategies based on bicinchoninic acid (BSA), Coomassie Plus, and 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) assays for the quantification of surface-attached or encapsulated peptides or proteins. We determined that the CBQCA assay is a highly sensitive and accurate substitute for radioactivity-based assays that is suitable for measuring multiple particle-bound or particle-encapsulated peptides or proteins in the presence of EDC or PLG in DMSO, compounds that interfere with the more commonly used BSA and Coomassie Plus assays. Our strategy enables the accurate quantification of peptides or proteins loaded onto or into particles-an essential component of particle-based platform design for diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Weiser JR, Ricapito NG, Yueh A, Weiser EL, Putnam D. A mechanistic analysis of the quantitation of α-hydroxy ketones by the bicinchoninic acid assay. Anal Biochem 2012; 430:116-22. [PMID: 22910661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new class of compounds amenable to quantification by the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay was identified, allowing an expansion of compounds quantifiable within the assay's capacity. In this article, we demonstrate that compounds containing the α-hydroxy ketone structure are easily measured under standard BCA assay conditions. A nonchromophore analyte containing the α-hydroxy ketone structure, 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-one (commonly known as dihydroxyacetone), and various structural derivatives were explored on an equimolar basis in the BCA assay. Combined with earlier studies exploring α-hydroxy ketones within copper oxidation systems, the data support the mechanism of this class of compound's ability to enolize through an enediol intermediate to generate a strong signal in the BCA assay. This new quantification technique also highlights the potential for α-hydroxy ketones to interfere with other analytes quantified by the BCA assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Weiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Zheng D, Vashist SK, Al-Rubeaan K, Luong JHT, Sheu FS. Rapid and simple preparation of a reagentless glucose electrochemical biosensor. Analyst 2012; 137:3800-5. [PMID: 22763782 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35128e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple procedure was developed for the preparation of a highly stable and leach-proof glucose oxidase (GOx)-bound glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Crosslinked GOx via glutaraldehyde was drop-cast on a KOH-pretreated GCE followed by drop-casting of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to form a stable bioactive layer. At -0.45 V, the biosensor exhibited a wide dynamic detection range of 0.5-48 mM for commercial glucose and 1.3-28.2 mM for Sugar-Chex blood glucose linearity standards. Several endogenous electroactive substances and drug metabolites commonly found in blood were tested and provoked no signal response. To our knowledge, the developed procedure is the most rapid method for preparing a glucose biosensor. The biosensor suffered no biofouling after 7 days of immersion in Sugar-Chex blood glucose. With excellent production reproducibility, GOx-bound electrodes stored dry at room temperature retained their initial activity after several weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zheng
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, T-Lab Level 11, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117580
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