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Moraña-Fernández S, Vázquez-Abuín X, Aragón-Herrera A, Anido-Varela L, García-Seara J, Otero-García Ó, Rodríguez-Penas D, Campos-Toimil M, Otero-Santiago M, Rodrigues A, Gonçalves A, Pereira Morais J, Alves IN, Sousa-Mendes C, Falcão-Pires I, Ramón González-Juanatey J, Feijóo-Bandín S, Lago F. Cardiometabolic effects of sacubitril/valsartan in a rat model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 230:116571. [PMID: 39424202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
The promising results obtained in the PARADIGM-HF trial prompted the approval of sacubitril/valsartan (SAC/VAL) as a first-in-class treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients. The effect of SAC/VAL treatment was also studied in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and, although improvements in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, HF hospitalizations, and cardiovascular deaths were observed, these results were not so promising. However, the demand for HFpEF therapies led to the approval of SAC/VAL as an alternative treatment, although further studies are needed. We aimed to elucidate the effects of a 9-week SAC/VAL treatment in cardiac function and metabolism using a preclinical model of HFpEF, the Zucker Fatty and Spontaneously Hypertensive (ZSF1) rats. We found that SAC/VAL significantly improved diastolic function parameters and modulated respiratory quotient during exercise. Ex-vivo studies showed that SAC/VAL treatment significantly decreased heart, liver, spleen, and visceral fat weights; cardiac hypertrophy and percentage of fibrosis; lipid infiltration in liver and circulating levels of cholesterol and sodium. Moreover, SAC/VAL reduced glycerophospholipids, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters while increasing triglyceride levels in cardiac tissue. In conclusion, SAC/VAL treatment improved diastolic and hepatic function, respiratory metabolism, reduced hypercholesterolemia and cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy, and was able to modulate cardiac metabolic profile. Our findings might provide further insight into the therapeutic benefits of SAC/VAL treatment in obese patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Moraña-Fernández
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xocas Vázquez-Abuín
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alana Aragón-Herrera
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Anido-Varela
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Seara
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Arrhytmia Unit, Cardiology Department, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Óscar Otero-García
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Penas
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department Clinical Trial Unit, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Otero-Santiago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Gonçalves
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Pereira Morais
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UnIC@RISE - Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês N Alves
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Sousa-Mendes
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sandra Feijóo-Bandín
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Área Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela e Barbanza (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Leonov S, Dorfman A, Pershikova E, Inyang O, Alhaddad L, Wang Y, Pustovalova M, Merkher Y. Extracellular Vesicle- and Mitochondria-Based Targeting of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Response to Radiation: Challenges and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2235. [PMID: 38927940 PMCID: PMC11201585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During the cell life cycle, extracellular vesicles (EVs) transport different cargos, including organelles, proteins, RNAs, DNAs, metabolites, etc., that influence cell proliferation and apoptosis in recipient cells. EVs from metastatic cancer cells remodel the extracellular matrix and cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), promoting tumor invasion and metastatic niche preparation. Although the process is not fully understood, evidence suggests that EVs facilitate genetic material transfer between cells. In the context of NSCLC, EVs can mediate intercellular mitochondrial (Mt) transfer, delivering mitochondria organelle (MtO), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and/or mtRNA/proteinaceous cargo signatures (MtS) through different mechanisms. On the other hand, certain populations of cancer cells can hijack the MtO from TME cells mainly by using tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). This transfer aids in restoring mitochondrial function, benefiting benign cells with impaired metabolism and enabling restoration of their metabolic activity. However, the impact of transferring mitochondria versus transplanting intact mitochondrial organelles in cancer remains uncertain and the subject of debate. Some studies suggest that EV-mediated mitochondria delivery to cancer cells can impact how cancer responds to radiation. It might make the cancer more resistant or more sensitive to radiation. In our review, we aimed to point out the current controversy surrounding experimental data and to highlight new paradigm-shifting modalities in radiation therapy that could potentially overcome cancer resistance mechanisms in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Leonov
- Department of Cell Technologies, Institute of Future Biophysics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Cellular Mechanisms of Memory Pathology, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anna Dorfman
- Department of Cell Technologies, Institute of Future Biophysics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Pershikova
- Department of Cell Technologies, Institute of Future Biophysics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Olumide Inyang
- Department of Cell Technologies, Institute of Future Biophysics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Lina Alhaddad
- Department of Cell Technologies, Institute of Future Biophysics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- Department of Cell Technologies, Institute of Future Biophysics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Margarita Pustovalova
- Department of Cell Technologies, Institute of Future Biophysics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Yulia Merkher
- Department of Cell Technologies, Institute of Future Biophysics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Muthuraman A, Sayem ASM, Meenakshisundaram S, Ali N, Ahmad SF, AlAsmari AF, Nishat S, Lim KG, Paramaswaran Y. Preventive Action of Beta-Carotene against the Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Renal Dysfunction in Male Adult Zebrafish via Regulations of Mitochondrial Inflammatory and β-Carotene Oxygenase-2 Actions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2654. [PMID: 37893028 PMCID: PMC10603961 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a metabolic byproduct of indole metabolism. IS readily interacts with the mitochondrial redox metabolism, leading to altered renal function. The β-carotene oxygenase-2 (BCO2) enzyme converts carotenoids to intermediate products. However, the role of β-carotene (BC) in IS-induced renal dysfunction in zebrafish and their modulatory action on BCO2 and mitochondrial inflammations have not been explored yet. Hence, the present study is designed to investigate the role of BC in the attenuation of IS-induced renal dysfunction via regulations of mitochondrial redox balance by BCO2 actions. Renal dysfunction was induced by exposure to IS (10 mg/L/hour/day) for 4 weeks. BC (50 and 100 mg/L/hour/day) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10; 20 mg/L/hour/day) were added before IS exposure. BC attenuated the IS-induced increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and complex I activity levels, and the reduction of renal mitochondrial biomarkers, i.e., BCO2, superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1), reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and carbonylated proteins. Moreover, renal histopathological changes were analyzed by the eosin and hematoxylin staining method. As a result, the administration of BC attenuated the IS-induced renal damage via the regulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Muthuraman
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Abu Sadat Md. Sayem
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamama Nishat
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Centre, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Khian Giap Lim
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Yamunna Paramaswaran
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
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Zhan F, Wang X, Zhang J, Yi S, He P. Glutamine alleviates the renal dysfunction associated with gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:323-329. [PMID: 33458886 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical condition caused by an uncontrolled response to an infection, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) and an increased risk of mortality. Although life support and antibiotic therapy are available, the mortality rate remains high in patients with sepsis. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of glutamine on gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. We randomly grouped 24 male rats to the normal control, AKI (control), glutamine 50 mg/kg, and glutamine 500 mg/kg groups. The dose was administered orally for 14 consecutive days. Rats treated with glutamine 500 mg/kg showed changes in systolic blood pressure. Glutamine increased renal blood flow, creatinine clearance, and the levels of potassium, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urine osmolality, while reducing the relative excretion of sodium, potassium, urinary sodium, and plasma blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. In our study, glutamine supplementation reduced gentamicin-induced oxidative stress and increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione levels in AKI rats. In addition, glutamine supplementation attenuated the severity of pathological features in this model. Collectively, our results showed that gentamicin has therapeutic potential against gentamicin-induced AKI due to its ability to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyang Yi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
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Abu Bakar MH, Shariff KA, Tan JS, Lee LK. Celastrol attenuates inflammatory responses in adipose tissues and improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions in high fat diet-induced obese rats via upregulation of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lin YT, Chen ST, Chang JC, Teoh RJ, Liu CS, Wang GJ. Green extraction of healthy and additive free mitochondria with a conventional centrifuge. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3862-3869. [PMID: 31625549 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we propose a novel centrifugal device for the massive extraction of healthy mitochondria with a centrifuge used in general laboratories within 30 minutes. The device mainly consists of two key components. One component is a microfluidic device, which is fabricated by photolithography, nickel electroforming, and polydimethylsiloxane casting, for the efficient disruption of the cell membrane. The other component is a stainless steel container, which is manufactured by computer numerical control machining, for the storage of the cell suspension. After assembly, the appropriate number of cells is pushed through the microfluidic device for cell membrane disruption by centrifugal force generated by a general laboratory centrifuge. The solution which contains cell debris and mitochondria are collected to purify the crude mitochondria via differential centrifugation. Compared with the quantity and efficiency of mitochondria isolated from the same number of cells using a conventional kit, device-extracted mitochondria show a more complete mitochondrial electron transport chain complex and a similar number of mitochondria verified by Western blot analysis of mitochondrial complexes I-V and mitochondrial outer membrane protein Tom20, respectively, as well as a normal mitochondrial structure revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the mitochondrial membrane potential of device-extracted mitochondria stained with tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester is higher than that of kit-extracted mitochondria. Furthermore, the coculture of device-extracted mitochondria with fibroblasts revealed that fibroblasts could uptake foreign mitochondria through endocytosis without drug treatment. These results show that the proposed microfluidic device preserves mitochondrial protein structure, membrane integrity, and membrane potential within 30 minutes of extraction and is a useful tool for therapeutic mitochondrial transplantation and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. and Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tzu Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chih Chang
- Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jie Teoh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Gou-Jen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. and Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Micakovic T, Banczyk WZ, Clark E, Kränzlin B, Peters J, Hoffmann SC. Isolation of Pure Mitochondria from Rat Kidneys and Western Blot of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complexes. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3379. [PMID: 33654875 PMCID: PMC7853962 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac, neuronal and renal tubular epithelial cells are the most metabolically active cells in the body. Their fate depends largely on their mitochondria as the primary energy generating system which participates in the control of apoptosis, cell cycle and metabolism. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many chronic diseases including diabetic nephropathy. A drop in mitochondrial bioenergetics efficiency is often associated with altered expression of respiratory chain complexes. Moreover, recent studies demonstrate that cellular proteins can shuttle to mitochondria and modify their function directly. Here we illustrate two mitochondria isolation protocols; one is recommended if the purity of the mitochondrial fraction is a priority such as if the mitochondrial localization of a protein has to be validated, the other if a high yield of intact functional mitochondria is required for functional studies and quantitative Western blotting. Next, we provide a detailed protocol for Western blotting of isolated mitochondria and renal cortex either to prove the purity of isolated fractions or to quantify complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. We used this approach to identify classically cell membrane bound angiotensin II receptors in mitochondria and to study the effect of these receptors on mitochondrial function in early stages of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Micakovic
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiktoria Z. Banczyk
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Euan Clark
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Kränzlin
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Peters
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany
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MacDonald JA, Bothun AM, Annis SN, Sheehan H, Ray S, Gao Y, Ivanov AR, Khrapko K, Tilly JL, Woods DC. A nanoscale, multi-parametric flow cytometry-based platform to study mitochondrial heterogeneity and mitochondrial DNA dynamics. Commun Biol 2019; 2:258. [PMID: 31312727 PMCID: PMC6624292 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well-characterized regarding their function in both energy production and regulation of cell death; however, the heterogeneity that exists within mitochondrial populations is poorly understood. Typically analyzed as pooled samples comprised of millions of individual mitochondria, there is little information regarding potentially different functionality across subpopulations of mitochondria. Herein we present a new methodology to analyze mitochondria as individual components of a complex and heterogeneous network, using a nanoscale and multi-parametric flow cytometry-based platform. We validate the platform using multiple downstream assays, including electron microscopy, ATP generation, quantitative mass-spectrometry proteomic profiling, and mtDNA analysis at the level of single organelles. These strategies allow robust analysis and isolation of mitochondrial subpopulations to more broadly elucidate the underlying complexities of mitochondria as these organelles function collectively within a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. MacDonald
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Alisha M. Bothun
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sofia N. Annis
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Hannah Sheehan
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Somak Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Barnett Institute for Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yuanwei Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Barnett Institute for Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Barnett Institute for Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Konstantin Khrapko
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jonathan L. Tilly
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Dori C. Woods
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Kappler L, Kollipara L, Lehmann R, Sickmann A. Investigating the Role of Mitochondria in Type 2 Diabetes - Lessons from Lipidomics and Proteomics Studies of Skeletal Muscle and Liver. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:143-182. [PMID: 31452140 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is discussed as a key player in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm), a highly prevalent disease rapidly developing as one of the greatest global health challenges of this century. Data however about the involvement of mitochondria, central hubs in bioenergetic processes, in the disease development are still controversial. Lipid and protein homeostasis are under intense discussion to be crucial for proper mitochondrial function. Consequently proteomics and lipidomics analyses might help to understand how molecular changes in mitochondria translate to alterations in energy transduction as observed in the healthy and metabolic diseases such as T2Dm and other related disorders. Mitochondrial lipids integrated in a tool covering proteomic and functional analyses were up to now rarely investigated, although mitochondrial lipids might provide a possible lynchpin in the understanding of type 2 diabetes development and thereby prevention. In this chapter state-of-the-art analytical strategies, pre-analytical aspects, potential pitfalls as well as current proteomics and lipidomics-based knowledge about the pathophysiological role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kappler
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Laxmikanth Kollipara
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany. .,Medical Proteome Centre, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Chaplygina AV, Vekshin NL. Lipofuscin and Mitolipofuscin in the Organs of Young and Adult Rats. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057018040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
This paper proposes the use of a chip-based microfluidic device to extract functional and chemical free mitochondria. A simple microfluidic device was designed and fabricated. An osteosarcoma cybrid cell line was employed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed microfluidic device. The membrane proteins (mitochondrial complex I-V and Tom20) and morphology of the extracted mitochondria were examined by Western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The purity and mitochondrial membrane potential of the extracted mitochondria were individually measured by 10-N-alkyl acridine orange and tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester staining via flow cytometry. Experimental results revealed that expressed pattern of complex I–V in device-extracted mitochondria was close to that of mitochondria in total cell lysis and device extraction significantly prevented chemical modification of complex IV protein via a conventional kit, although device extract similar amounts of mitochondria to the conventional kit revealed by Tom20 expression. Furthermore, purity of device-extracted mitochondria was above 93.7% and mitochondria still retained normal activity after device extraction proven by expression of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as the entire mitochondrial morphology. These results confirmed that the proposed microfluidic device could obtain functional mitochondria without structural damage.
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12
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Florea A, Varga AP, Matei HV. Ultrastructural variability of mitochondrial cristae induced in vitro by bee (Apis mellifera) venom and its derivatives, melittin and phospholipase A2, in isolated rat adrenocortical mitochondria. Micron 2018; 112:42-54. [PMID: 29908421 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We tested the ability of bee venom (BV), melittin (Mlt), and phospholipase A2 (PLA) - used in 5 concentrations each (5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 μg/100 μl) - to promote ultrastructural changes and reorganization of cristae in vitro in mitochondria isolated from rat adrenal cortex after a protocol optimized by us. Thus, apart from two control grups (CI and CS), in which the mitochondria were suspended into saline buffer and isolation medium respectively, 15 more groups of mitochondria were constituted, corresponding to the five different doses of the three substance tested (BV5 to M40; M5 to M40 and P5 to P40). The ultrastructural effects were quantified on transmission electron micrographs using a morphometry software. Values of 84.49 nm and 95.45 nm were calculated for median diameters of mitochondrial cristae in two control groups. Large and very large vesicular cristae, many with 2 or 3 membranes, were generated depending on dose among normal cristae in all treated groups. In the BV and Mlt treated groups, after an initial increase (up to 127.27 nm in V15 group and 151.2 nm in M10 group) due to stimulation of cristae fusion, the cristae diameter diminished as the doses increased, mainly by the collapse of the cristae. In the PLA treated groups, the cristae diameter increased continuously from 83.84 nm to 136.01 nm, by stimulated fusion of cristae, only the two largest doses promoting the collapse of cristae in some mitochondria. The highest percentage of abnormal cristae was found in the Mlt treated groups and next in BV treated groups. All substances tested produced pronounced ultrastructural variability of mitochondrial cristae in vitro: they also changed (depending on dose) mitochondrial shapes, generated matrix debris and the highest concentrations of BV and Mlt were responsible for mitochondrial breakdown. These ultrastructural alterations of mitochondrial criste in the presence of the BV molecules suggest a reduced capacity of adrenocortical mitochondria to synthetize steroid hormones consequently to BV envenomations and partially explain the toxic effects of the BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 L. Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andrei Patrick Varga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 L. Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Jibou County Hospital, 28 Libertatii St., 455200 Jibou, Romania.
| | - Horea Vladi Matei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 L. Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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13
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Torres S, Matías N, Baulies A, Nuñez S, Alarcon-Vila C, Martinez L, Nuño N, Fernandez A, Caballeria J, Levade T, Gonzalez-Franquesa A, Garcia-Rovés P, Balboa E, Zanlungo S, Fabrías G, Casas J, Enrich C, Garcia-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC. Mitochondrial GSH replenishment as a potential therapeutic approach for Niemann Pick type C disease. Redox Biol 2017; 11:60-72. [PMID: 27888692 PMCID: PMC5123076 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann Pick type C (NPC) disease is a progressive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in genes encoding NPC1/NPC2 proteins, characterized by neurological defects, hepatosplenomegaly and premature death. While the primary biochemical feature of NPC disease is the intracellular accumulation of cholesterol and gangliosides, predominantly in endolysosomes, mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation has also been reported. As accumulation of cholesterol in mitochondria is known to impair the transport of GSH into mitochondria, resulting in mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) depletion, we investigated the impact of mGSH recovery in NPC disease. We show that GSH ethyl ester (GSH-EE), but not N-acetylcysteine (NAC), restored the mGSH pool in liver and brain of Npc1-/- mice and in fibroblasts from NPC patients, while both GSH-EE and NAC increased total GSH levels. GSH-EE but not NAC increased the median survival and maximal life span of Npc1-/- mice. Moreover, intraperitoneal therapy with GSH-EE protected against oxidative stress and oxidant-induced cell death, restored calbindin levels in cerebellar Purkinje cells and reversed locomotor impairment in Npc1-/- mice. High-resolution respirometry analyses revealed that GSH-EE improved oxidative phosphorylation, coupled respiration and maximal electron transfer in cerebellum of Npc1-/- mice. Lipidomic analyses showed that GSH-EE treatment had not effect in the profile of most sphingolipids in liver and brain, except for some particular species in brain of Npc1-/- mice. These findings indicate that the specific replenishment of mGSH may be a potential promising therapy for NPC disease, worth exploring alone or in combination with other options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Torres
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Matías
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Baulies
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Nuñez
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Alarcon-Vila
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Martinez
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Nuño
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Fernandez
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Caballeria
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thierry Levade
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alba Gonzalez-Franquesa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Garcia-Rovés
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Balboa
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gemma Fabrías
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departament de Química Orgànica Biològica, Institut d'Investigacions Químiques i Ambientals de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departament de Química Orgànica Biològica, Institut d'Investigacions Químiques i Ambientals de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain; Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - José C Fernández-Checa
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain; Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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14
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Krishnaraj P, Ravindran S, Kurian GA. The renal mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with vascular calcification is prevented by sodium thiosulfate. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1927-1935. [PMID: 27465796 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular calcification (VC) is an impact of calcium accumulation in end-stage renal diseases, normally initiated in the mitochondria. Sodium thiosulfate (STS) is effective in rescuing mitochondrial function in the neurovascular complications associated with VC, but has limitation in protecting the cardiac mitochondria. However, the STS efficacy in restoring the renal mitochondrial function has not been studied, which is the primary focus of this study. METHODS Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were administered 0.75 % adenine in the diet for 28 days to induce renal failure. STS (400 mg/kg) was given in two regimens STS_Pre (preventive: along with adenine for 28 days) and STS_Cur (curative: 29th to 49th day). Renal failure was assessed by plasma and urinary markers. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed from oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial physiology and enzymology in the renal tissue. RESULTS 0.75 % adenine diet caused renal medullary swelling, tubular interstitial nephropathy and impaired renal function (creatinine, urea, uric acid and ALP), which were recovered after STS treatment. The renal failure was due to oxidative stress as measured by elevated malondialdehyde (29 %) and lowered reduced glutathione (27 %) levels. STS reduced the lipid peroxidation and significantly (p < 0.05) elevated the antioxidant enzymes. Further, it improved renal mitochondrial respiratory capacity by maintaining the hyperpolarized membrane potential and restored the complex enzyme activities. Absence of renal DNA fragmentation supports the above findings. CONCLUSION STS protects the kidney by preserving renal mitochondria, in experimental adenine-induced vascular calcified rats. The efficacy was prominent when given after induction, i.e., in STS_Cur group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Vascular Biology Lab, Sastra University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, Sastra University, Thanjavur, 613401, India.
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15
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Pollard AK, Craig EL, Chakrabarti L. Mitochondrial Complex 1 Activity Measured by Spectrophotometry Is Reduced across All Brain Regions in Ageing and More Specifically in Neurodegeneration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157405. [PMID: 27333203 PMCID: PMC4917223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function, in particular complex 1 of the electron transport chain (ETC), has been shown to decrease during normal ageing and in neurodegenerative disease. However, there is some debate concerning which area of the brain has the greatest complex 1 activity. It is important to identify the pattern of activity in order to be able to gauge the effect of age or disease related changes. We determined complex 1 activity spectrophotometrically in the cortex, brainstem and cerebellum of middle aged mice (70-71 weeks), a cerebellar ataxic neurodegeneration model (pcd5J) and young wild type controls. We share our updated protocol on the measurements of complex1 activity and find that mitochondrial fractions isolated from frozen tissues can be measured for robust activity. We show that complex 1 activity is clearly highest in the cortex when compared with brainstem and cerebellum (p<0.003). Cerebellum and brainstem mitochondria exhibit similar levels of complex 1 activity in wild type brains. In the aged brain we see similar levels of complex 1 activity in all three-brain regions. The specific activity of complex 1 measured in the aged cortex is significantly decreased when compared with controls (p<0.0001). Both the cerebellum and brainstem mitochondria also show significantly reduced activity with ageing (p<0.05). The mouse model of ataxia predictably has a lower complex 1 activity in the cerebellum, and although reductions are measured in the cortex and brain stem, the remaining activity is higher than in the aged brains. We present clear evidence that complex 1 activity decreases across the brain with age and much more specifically in the cerebellum of the pcd5j mouse. Mitochondrial impairment can be a region specific phenomenon in disease, but in ageing appears to affect the entire brain, abolishing the pattern of higher activity in cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Kate Pollard
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Louise Craig
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Chakrabarti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
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16
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Shao S, Guo T, Gross V, Lazarev A, Koh CC, Gillessen S, Joerger M, Jochum W, Aebersold R. Reproducible Tissue Homogenization and Protein Extraction for Quantitative Proteomics Using MicroPestle-Assisted Pressure-Cycling Technology. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1821-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Shao
- Department
of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057 Switzerland
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Department
of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057 Switzerland
| | - Vera Gross
- Pressure BioSciences, Inc., South Easton, Massachusetts, 02375 United States
| | - Alexander Lazarev
- Pressure BioSciences, Inc., South Easton, Massachusetts, 02375 United States
| | - Ching Chiek Koh
- Department
of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057 Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department
of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057 Switzerland
- Faculty of
Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8006 Switzerland
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17
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Fu JP, Mo WC, Liu Y, He RQ. Decline of cell viability and mitochondrial activity in mouse skeletal muscle cell in a hypomagnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:212-22. [PMID: 27003876 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypomagnetic field (HMF), one of the key environmental risk factors for astronauts traveling in outer space, has previously been shown to repress locomotion of mammalians. However, underlying mechanisms of how HMF affects the motor system remains poorly understood. In this study, we created an HMF (<3 μT) by eliminating geomagnetic field (GMF, ∼50 μT) and exposed primary mouse skeletal muscle cells to this low magnetic field condition for a period of three days. HMF-exposed cells showed a decline in cell viability relative to GMF control, even though cells appeared normal in terms of morphology and survival rate. After a 3-day HMF-exposure, glucose consumption of skeletal muscle cells was significantly lower than GMF control, accompanied by less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) content and higher ADP/ATP ratio. In agreement with these findings, mitochondrial membrane potential of HMF-exposed cells was also lower, whereas levels of cellular Reactive Oxygen Species were higher. Moreover, viability and membrane potential of isolated mitochondria were reduced after 1 h HMF-exposure in vitro. Our results indicate that mitochondria can directly respond to HMF at functional level, and suggest that HMF-induced decline in cell functionality results from a reduction in energy production and mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Peng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Chuan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Purity matters: A workflow for the valid high-resolution lipid profiling of mitochondria from cell culture samples. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21107. [PMID: 26892142 PMCID: PMC4759577 DOI: 10.1038/srep21107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcellular lipidomics is a novel field of research that requires the careful combination of several pre-analytical and analytical steps. To define a reliable strategy for mitochondrial lipid profiling, we performed a systematic comparison of different mitochondria isolation procedures by western blot analyses and comprehensive high-resolution lipidomics. Using liver-derived HepG2 cells, we compared three common mitochondria isolation methods, differential centrifugation (DC), ultracentrifugation (UC) and a magnetic bead-assisted method (MACS). In total, 397 lipid species, including 32 cardiolipins, could be quantified in only 100 μg (by protein) of purified mitochondria. Mitochondria isolated by UC showed the highest enrichment in the mitochondria-specific cardiolipins as well as their precursors, phosphatidylglycerols. Mitochondrial fractions obtained by the commonly used DC and the more recent MACS method contained substantial contaminations by other organelles. Employing these isolation methods when performing lipidomics analyses from cell culture mitochondria may lead to inaccurate results. To conclude, we present a protocol how to obtain reliable mitochondria-specific lipid profiles from cell culture samples and show that quality controls are indispensable when performing mitochondria lipidomics.
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19
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Boutagy NE, Pyne E, Rogers GW, Ali M, Hulver MW, Frisard MI. Isolation of Mitochondria from Minimal Quantities of Mouse Skeletal Muscle for High Throughput Microplate Respiratory Measurements. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26650566 DOI: 10.3791/53217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional skeletal muscle mitochondria play a role in altered metabolism observed with aging, obesity and Type II diabetes. Mitochondrial respirometric assays from isolated mitochondrial preparations allow for the assessment of mitochondrial function, as well as determination of the mechanism(s) of action of drugs and proteins that modulate metabolism. Current isolation procedures often require large quantities of tissue to yield high quality mitochondria necessary for respirometric assays. The methods presented herein describe how high quality purified mitochondria (~ 450 µg) can be isolated from minimal quantities (~75-100 mg) of mouse skeletal muscle for use in high throughput respiratory measurements. We determined that our isolation method yields 92.5± 2.0% intact mitochondria by measuring citrate synthase activity spectrophotometrically. In addition, Western blot analysis in isolated mitochondria resulted in the faint expression of the cytosolic protein, GAPDH, and the robust expression of the mitochondrial protein, COXIV. The absence of a prominent GAPDH band in the isolated mitochondria is indicative of little contamination from non-mitochondrial sources during the isolation procedure. Most importantly, the measurement of O2 consumption rate with micro-plate based technology and determining the respiratory control ratio (RCR) for coupled respirometric assays shows highly coupled (RCR; >6 for all assays) and functional mitochondria. In conclusion, the addition of a separate mincing step and significantly reducing motor driven homogenization speed of a previously reported method has allowed the isolation of high quality and purified mitochondria from smaller quantities of mouse skeletal muscle that results in highly coupled mitochondria that respire with high function during microplate based respirometirc assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil E Boutagy
- The Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech; The Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Virginia Tech;
| | - Emily Pyne
- The Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech
| | | | - Mostafa Ali
- The Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech
| | - Matthew W Hulver
- The Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech; The Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Virginia Tech
| | - Madlyn I Frisard
- The Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech; The Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Virginia Tech
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20
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High-Resolution Respirometry for Simultaneous Measurement of Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide Fluxes in Permeabilized Cells, Tissue Homogenate and Isolated Mitochondria. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1319-38. [PMID: 26131977 PMCID: PMC4598754 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas mitochondria are well established as the source of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), it is debated if they are also the major cellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we describe the novel approach of combining high-resolution respirometry and fluorometric measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, applied to mitochondrial preparations (permeabilized cells, tissue homogenate, isolated mitochondria). The widely used H2O2 probe Amplex Red inhibited respiration in intact and permeabilized cells and should not be applied at concentrations above 10 µM. H2O2 fluxes were generally less than 1% of oxygen fluxes in physiological substrate and coupling states, specifically in permeabilized cells. H2O2 flux was consistently highest in the Complex II-linked LEAK state, reduced with CI&II-linked convergent electron flow and in mitochondria respiring at OXPHOS capacity, and were further diminished in noncoupled mitochondria respiring at electron transfer system capacity. Simultaneous measurement of mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 flux requires careful optimization of assay conditions and reveals information on mitochondrial function beyond separate analysis of ROS production.
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21
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Bharadwaj MS, Tyrrell DJ, Lyles MF, Demons JL, Rogers GW, Molina AJA. Preparation and respirometric assessment of mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle tissue obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 25741892 PMCID: PMC4354623 DOI: 10.3791/52350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Respirometric profiling of isolated mitochondria is commonly used to investigate electron transport chain function. We describe a method for obtaining samples of human Vastus lateralis, isolating mitochondria from minimal amounts of skeletal muscle tissue, and plate based respirometric profiling using an extracellular flux (XF) analyzer. Comparison of respirometric profiles obtained using 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 μg of mitochondria indicate that 1.0 μg is sufficient to measure respiration and that 5.0 μg provides most consistent results based on comparison of standard errors. Western blot analysis of isolated mitochondria for mitochondrial marker COX IV and non-mitochondrial tissue marker GAPDH indicate that there is limited non-mitochondrial contamination using this protocol. The ability to study mitochondrial respirometry in as little as 20 mg of muscle tissue allows users to utilize individual biopsies for multiple study endpoints in clinical research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish S Bharadwaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Daniel J Tyrrell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Mary F Lyles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Jamehl L Demons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | | | - Anthony J A Molina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine;
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22
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Vondrusova M, Bezawork-Geleta A, Sachaphibulkij K, Truksa J, Neuzil J. The effect of mitochondrially targeted anticancer agents on mitochondrial (super)complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1265:195-208. [PMID: 25634277 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2288-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain is organized into dynamic high molecular weight complexes that associate to form supercomplexes. The function of these SCs is to minimize the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during electron transfer within them and to efficiently transfer electrons to complex IV. These supra-molecular structures as well as whole mitochondria are stress-responsive and respond to mitochondrially targeted anti-cancer agent by destabilization and induction of massive production of ROS leading to apoptosis. We have recently developed mitochondrially targeted anti-cancer agents epitomized by the mitochondrially targeted analogue of the redox-silent compound vitamin E succinate, which belongs to the group of agents that kill cancer cells via their mitochondria-destabilizing activity, referred to as mitocans. To understand the molecular mechanism of the effect of such agents, the use of native blue gel electrophoresis and clear native electrophoresis coupled with in-gel activity assays, are methods of choice. The relevant methodology is described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Vondrusova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Preble JM, Pacak CA, Kondo H, MacKay AA, Cowan DB, McCully JD. Rapid isolation and purification of mitochondria for transplantation by tissue dissociation and differential filtration. J Vis Exp 2014:e51682. [PMID: 25225817 PMCID: PMC4828055 DOI: 10.3791/51682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously described mitochondrial isolation methods using differential centrifugation and/or Ficoll gradient centrifugation require 60 to 100 min to complete. We describe a method for the rapid isolation of mitochondria from mammalian biopsies using a commercial tissue dissociator and differential filtration. In this protocol, manual homogenization is replaced with the tissue dissociator's standardized homogenization cycle. This allows for uniform and consistent homogenization of tissue that is not easily achieved with manual homogenization. Following tissue dissociation, the homogenate is filtered through nylon mesh filters, which eliminate repetitive centrifugation steps. As a result, mitochondrial isolation can be performed in less than 30 min. This isolation protocol yields approximately 2 x 10(10) viable and respiration competent mitochondria from 0.18 ± 0.04 g (wet weight) tissue sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Preble
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School
| | - Hiroshi Kondo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | - Allison A MacKay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School
| | - James D McCully
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School;
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24
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Wright EP, Partridge MA, Padula MP, Gauci VJ, Malladi CS, Coorssen JR. Top-down proteomics: enhancing 2D gel electrophoresis from tissue processing to high-sensitivity protein detection. Proteomics 2014; 14:872-89. [PMID: 24452924 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale resolution and detection of proteins from complex native mixtures is fundamental to quantitative proteomic analyses. Comprehensive analyses depend on careful tissue handling and quantitative protein extraction and assessment. To most effectively link these analyses with an understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms, it is critical that all protein types - isoforms, splice variants and those with functionally important PTMs - are quantitatively extracted with high reproducibility. Methodological details concerning protein extraction and resolution using 2DE are discussed with reference to current in-gel protein detection limits. We confirm a significant increase in total protein, and establish that extraction, resolution and detection of phospho- and glycoproteins are improved following automated frozen disruption relative to manual homogenisation. The quality of 2DE protein resolution is established using third-dimension separations and 'deep imaging'; substantially more proteins/protein species than previously realised are actually resolved by 2DE. Thus, the key issue for effective proteome analyses is most likely to be detection, not resolution. Thus, these systematic methodological and technical advances further solidify the role of 2DE in top-down proteomics. By routinely assessing as much proteomic data from a sample as possible, 2DE enables more detailed and critical insights into molecular mechanisms underlying different physiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise P Wright
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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25
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Franko A, Baris OR, Bergschneider E, von Toerne C, Hauck SM, Aichler M, Walch AK, Wurst W, Wiesner RJ, Johnston ICD, de Angelis MH. Efficient isolation of pure and functional mitochondria from mouse tissues using automated tissue disruption and enrichment with anti-TOM22 magnetic beads. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82392. [PMID: 24349272 PMCID: PMC3861405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand molecular mechanisms regulating changes in metabolism, as observed e.g. in diabetes or neuronal disorders, the function of mitochondria needs to be precisely determined. The usual isolation methods such as differential centrifugation result in isolates of highly variable quality and quantity. To fulfill the need of a reproducible isolation method from solid tissues, which is suitable to handle parallel samples simultaneously, we developed a protocol based on anti-TOM22 (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 22 homolog) antibody-coupled magnetic beads. To measure oxygen consumption rate in isolated mitochondria from various mouse tissues, a traditional Clark electrode and the high-throughput XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer were used. Furthermore, Western blots, transmission electron microscopic and proteomic studies were performed to analyze the purity and integrity of the mitochondrial preparations. Mitochondrial fractions isolated from liver, brain and skeletal muscle by anti-TOM22 magnetic beads showed oxygen consumption capacities comparable to previously reported values and little contamination with other organelles. The purity and quality of isolated mitochondria using anti-TOM22 magnetic beads was compared to traditional differential centrifugation protocol in liver and the results indicated an obvious advantage of the magnetic beads method compared to the traditional differential centrifugation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olivier R. Baris
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel K. Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- DZNE – Deutsches Zentrum fuer Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Site Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf J. Wiesner
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hrabĕ de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, WZW - Center of Life and Food Science Weihenstephan, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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26
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Larsen S, Kraunsøe R, Gram M, Gnaiger E, Helge JW, Dela F. The best approach: homogenization or manual permeabilization of human skeletal muscle fibers for respirometry? Anal Biochem 2013; 446:64-8. [PMID: 24161612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The number of studies on mitochondrial function is growing as a result of the recognition of the pivotal role of an intact mitochondrial function in numerous diseases. Measurements of oxygen consumption by the mitochondria in human skeletal muscle are used in many studies. There are several advantages of studying mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fibers (Pfi), but the method requires a manual procedure of mechanical separation of the fiber bundles in the biopsy and chemical permeabilization of the cell membrane. This is time-consuming and subject to interpersonal variability. An alternative is to use a semiautomatic tool for preparation of a homogenate of the muscle biopsy. We investigated whether the PBI shredder is useful in preparing a muscle homogenate for measurements of mitochondrial respiratory capacity. The homogenate is compared with the Pfi preparation. Maximal respiratory capacity was significantly reduced in the homogenate compared with the Pfi from human skeletal muscle. A marked cytochrome c response was observed in the homogenate, which was not the case with the Pfi, indicating that the outer mitochondrial membrane was not intact. The mitochondria in the homogenate were more uncoupled compared with the Pfi. Manual permeabilization is an advantageous technique for preparing human skeletal muscle biopsies for respirometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Regitze Kraunsøe
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Gram
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery, D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Satori CP, Kostal V, Arriaga EA. Review on recent advances in the analysis of isolated organelles. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 753:8-18. [PMID: 23107131 PMCID: PMC3484375 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of isolated organelles is one of the pillars of modern bioanalytical chemistry. This review describes recent developments on the isolation and characterization of isolated organelles both from living organisms and cell cultures. Salient reports on methods to release organelles focused on reproducibility and yield, membrane isolation, and integrated devices for organelle release. New developments on organelle fractionation after their isolation were on the topics of centrifugation, immunocapture, free flow electrophoresis, flow field-flow fractionation, fluorescence activated organelle sorting, laser capture microdissection, and dielectrophoresis. New concepts on characterization of isolated organelles included atomic force microscopy, optical tweezers combined with Raman spectroscopy, organelle sensors, flow cytometry, capillary electrophoresis, and microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad P Satori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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28
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Abstract
Systems biologists frequently seek to integrate complex data sets of diverse analytes into a comprehensive picture of an organism's biological state under defined environmental conditions. Although one would prefer to collect these data from the same sample, technical limitations with traditional sample preparation methods often commit the investigator to extracting one type of analyte at the expense of losing all others. Often, volume further constrains the range of experiments that can be collected from a single sample. The practical solution employed to date has been to rely on information collected from multiple replicate experiments and similar historical or reported data. While this approach has been popular, the integration of information collected from disparate single-analyte sample preparation streams increases uncertainty due to nonalignment during comparative analysis, and such gaps accumulate quickly when combining multiple data sets. Regrettably, discontinuities between separate data streams can confound a whole understanding of the biological system being investigated. This difficulty is further compounded for researchers handling highly pathogenic samples, in which it is often necessary to use harsh chemicals or high-energy sterilization procedures that damage the target analytes. Ultra-high pressure cycling technology (PCT), also known as barocycling, is an emerging sample preparation strategy that has distinct advantages for systems biology studies because it neither commits the researcher to pursuing a specific analyte nor leads to the degradation of target material. In fact, samples prepared under pressure cycling conditions have been shown to yield a more complete set of analytes due to uniform disruption of the sample matrix coupled with an advantageous high pressure solvent environment. Fortunately, PCT safely sterilizes and extracts complex or pathogenic viral, bacterial, and spore samples without adversely affecting the constituent biomolecules valued as informative and meaningful analytes. This chapter provides procedures and findings associated with incorporating PCT into systems biology as a new and enabling approach to preanalytical sample treatment.
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