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Sagheer SH, Whitaker-Menezes D, Han JYS, Curry JM, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Philp NJ. 4NQO induced carcinogenesis: A mouse model for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 163:93-111. [PMID: 33785171 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common subsite of head and neck cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of only 50%. There is a pressing need for animal models that recapitulate the human disease to understand the factors driving OSCC carcinogenesis. Many laboratories have used the chemical carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) to investigate OSCC formation. The importance of the 4NQO mouse model is that it mimics the stepwise progression observed in OSCC patients. The 4NQO carcinogen model has the advantage that it can be used with transgenic mice with genetic modification in specific tissue types to investigate their role in driving cancer progression. Herein, we describe the basic approach for administering 4NQO to mice to induce OSCC and methods for assessing the tissue and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hamad Sagheer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Y S Han
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph M Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | | | - Nancy J Philp
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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2
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Murgia M, Tan J, Geyer PE, Doll S, Mann M, Klopstock T. Proteomics of Cytochrome c Oxidase-Negative versus -Positive Muscle Fiber Sections in Mitochondrial Myopathy. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3825-3834.e4. [PMID: 31851916 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosaic distribution of cytochrome c oxidase+ (COX+) and COX- muscle fibers in mitochondrial disorders allows the sampling of fibers with compensated and decompensated mitochondrial function from the same individual. We apply laser capture microdissection to excise individual COX+ and COX- fibers from the biopsies of mitochondrial myopathy patients. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we quantify >4,000 proteins per patient. While COX+ fibers show a higher expression of respiratory chain components, COX- fibers display protean adaptive responses, including upregulation of mitochondrial ribosomes, translation proteins, and chaperones. Upregulated proteins include C1QBP, required for mitoribosome formation and protein synthesis, and STOML2, which organizes cardiolipin-enriched microdomains and the assembly of respiratory supercomplexes. Factoring in fast/slow fiber type, COX- slow fibers show a compensatory upregulation of beta-oxidation, the AAA+ protease AFG3L1, and the OPA1-dependent cristae remodeling program. These findings reveal compensatory mechanisms in muscle fibers struggling with energy shortage and metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Murgia
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Jing Tan
- Friedrich Baur Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp E Geyer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sophia Doll
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich Baur Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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3
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Balapattabi K, Farmer GE, Knapp BA, Little JT, Bachelor M, Yuan JP, Cunningham JT. Effects of salt-loading on supraoptic vasopressin neurones assessed by ClopHensorN chloride imaging. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12752. [PMID: 31136029 PMCID: PMC7041405 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salt-loading (SL) impairs GABAA inhibition of arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurones in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus. Based on previous studies, we hypothesised that SL activates tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), down-regulating the activity of K+ /Cl- co-transporter2 (KCC2) and up-regulating Na+ /K+ /Cl- co-transporter1 (NKCC1). These changes in chloride transport would result in increased [Cl- ]i in SON AVP neurones. The study combined virally-mediated chloride imaging with ClopHensorN with a single-cell western blot analysis. An adeno-associated virus with ClopHensorN and a vasopressin promoter (AAV2-0VP1-ClopHensorN) was bilaterally injected in the SON of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats that were either euhydrated (Eu) or salt-loaded (SL) for 7 days. Acutely dissociated SON neurones expressing ClopHensorN were tested for decreases or increases in [Cl- ]i in response to focal application of the GABAA agonist muscimol (100 μmol L-1 ). SON AVP neurones from Eu rats showed muscimol-induced chloride influx (P < 0.05;23/35). SON AVP neurones from SL rats either significantly increased chloride efflux (P < 0.05;27/39) or did not change chloride flux (12/39). The SON AVP neurones that responded to muscimol appeared to be viable and expressed KCC2 and β-actin. Neurones that did not respond during chloride imaging did not show KCC2 and β-actin protein expression. The KCC2 antagonist (VU0240551,10 μmol L-1 ) significantly blocked the chloride influx in cells from Eu rats but did not affect cells from SL rats. A NKCC1 antagonist (bumetanide,10 μmol L-1 ) significantly blocked the chloride efflux in cells from SL rats but had no effect on cells from Eu rats. Blocking NKCC1 using bumetanide had less of an effect on the muscimol-induced Cl- influx in Eu rat neurones compared to the KCC2 antagonist. The TrkB antagonist (AnA-12) (50 μmol L-1 ) and protein kinase inhibitor (K252a) (100 nmol L-1 ) each significantly blocked chloride efflux in SON AVP neurones from SL rats. Salt-loading increases [Cl- ]i in SON AVP neurones via a TrKB-KCC2-NKCC1-dependent mechanism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthikaa Balapattabi
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - George E Farmer
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Blayne A Knapp
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Joel T Little
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Martha Bachelor
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Joseph P Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - J Thomas Cunningham
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas
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4
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Hu R, Li H, Lei Z, Han Q, Yu X, Zhou N, Zhang X, Mao Y, Wang X, Irwin DM, Niu G, Tan H. Construction of a sensitive pyrogen-testing cell model by site-specific knock-in of multiple genes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2652-2661. [PMID: 31180145 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A pyrogen test is crucial for evaluating the safety of drugs and medical equipment, especially those involved in injections. As existing pyrogen tests, including the rabbit pyrogen test, the limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test and the monocyte activation test have limitations, development of new models for pyrogen testing is necessary. Here we develop a sensitive cell model for pyrogen test based on the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) signal pathway. TLR4, MD2, and CD14 play key roles in the LPS-mediated pyrogen reaction. We established a new TLR4/MD2/CD14-specific overexpressing knock-in cell model using the CRISPR/CAS9 technology and homologous recombination to detect LPS. Stimulation of our TLR4/CD14/MD2 knock-in cell line model with LPS leads to the release of the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha, with a detection limit of 0.005 EU/ml, which is greatly lower than the lower limit of 0.015 EU/ml detected by the Tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobi Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Beijing N&N Genetech Company, Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - David M Irwin
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gang Niu
- Beijing N&N Genetech Company, Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Huanran Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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5
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Ran QS, Yu YH, Fu XH, Wen YC. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway promotes neurovascular repair after traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1258-64. [PMID: 26487853 PMCID: PMC4590238 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.162758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in angiogenesis and endothelial cell formation, but it remains unclear whether it is involved in vascular repair by endothelial progenitor cells after traumatic brain injury. Therefore, in the present study, we controlled the Notch signaling pathway using overexpression and knockdown constructs. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway by Notch1 or Jagged1 overexpression enhanced the migration, invasiveness and angiogenic ability of endothelial progenitor cells. Suppression of the Notch signaling pathway with Notch1 or Jagged1 siRNAs reduced the migratory capacity, invasiveness and angiogenic ability of endothelial progenitor cells. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway in vivo in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury promoted neurovascular repair. These findings suggest that the activation of the Notch signaling pathway promotes blood vessel formation and tissue repair after brain trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Shan Ran
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of ZunYi/the Third Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yun-Hu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of ZunYi/the Third Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of ZunYi/the Third Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuan-Chao Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of ZunYi/the Third Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
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6
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Chong HC, Chan JSK, Goh CQ, Gounko NV, Luo B, Wang X, Foo S, Wong MTC, Choong C, Kersten S, Tan NS. Angiopoietin-like 4 stimulates STAT3-mediated iNOS expression and enhances angiogenesis to accelerate wound healing in diabetic mice. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1593-604. [PMID: 24903577 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a major source of morbidity in diabetic patients. Poor outcome has, in part, been related to increased inflammation, poor angiogenesis, and deficiencies in extracellular matrix components. Despite the enormous impact of these chronic wounds, effective therapies are lacking. Here, we showed that the topical application of recombinant matricellular protein angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) accelerated wound reepithelialization in diabetic mice, in part, by improving angiogenesis. ANGPTL4 expression is markedly elevated upon normal wound injury. In contrast, ANGPTL4 expression remains low throughout the healing period in diabetic wounds. Exogenous ANGPTL4 modulated several regulatory networks involved in cell migration, angiogenesis, and inflammation, as evidenced by an altered gene expression signature. ANGPTL4 influenced the expression profile of endothelial-specific CD31 in diabetic wounds, returning its profile to that observed in wild-type wounds. We showed ANGPTL4-induced nitric oxide production through an integrin/JAK/STAT3-mediated upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in wound epithelia, thus revealing a hitherto unknown mechanism by which ANGPTL4 regulated angiogenesis via keratinocyte-to-endothelial-cell communication. These data show that the replacement of ANGPTL4 may be an effective adjunctive or new therapeutic avenue for treating poor healing wounds. The present finding also confirms that therapeutic angiogenesis remains an attractive treatment modality for diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chung Chong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Soon Kiat Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chi Qin Goh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalia V Gounko
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Baiwen Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Selin Foo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Cleo Choong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Wageningen Univeristy, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- 1] School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore [2] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Grünewald A, Lax NZ, Rocha MC, Reeve AK, Hepplewhite PD, Rygiel KA, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. Quantitative quadruple-label immunofluorescence of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins in single neurons from human midbrain tissue. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 232:143-9. [PMID: 24880043 PMCID: PMC4076514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We developed an assay to quantify respiratory chain deficiencies in single neurons. Quadruple-label immunofluorescence was combined with quantitative image analysis. The single-cell assay was applied to tyrosine hydroxylase-positive midbrain neurons. The expression of complexes I and IV was determined relative to mitochondrial mass. The assay proved specific in patients with known respiratory chain deficiencies.
Background Respiratory chain (RC) deficiencies are found in primary mtDNA diseases. Focal RC defects are also associated with ageing and neurodegenerative disorders, e.g. in substantia nigra (SN) neurons from Parkinson's disease patients. In mitochondrial disease and ageing, mtDNA mutational loads vary considerably between neurons necessitating single cell-based assessment of RC deficiencies. Evaluating the full extent of RC deficiency within SN neurons is challenging because their size precludes investigations in serial sections. We developed an assay to measure RC abnormalities in individual SN neurons using quadruple immunofluorescence. New method Using antibodies against subunits of complex I (CI) and IV, porin and tyrosine hydroxylase together with IgG subtype-specific fluorescent labelled secondary antibodies, we quantified the expression of CI and CIV compared to mitochondrial mass in dopaminergic neurons. CI:porin and CIV:porin ratios were determined relative to a standard control. Results Quantification of expression of complex subunits in midbrain sections from patients with mtDNA disease and known RC deficiencies consistently showed reduced CI:porin and/or CIV:porin ratios. Comparison with existing method(s) The standard histochemical method to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction, the cytochrome c oxidase/succinate dehydrogenase assay, measures CIV and CII activities. To also study CI in a patient, immunohistology in additional sections, i.e. in different neurons, is required. Our method allows correlation of the expression of CI, CIV and mitochondrial mass at a single cell level. Conclusion Quantitative quadruple-label immunofluorescence is a reliable tool to measure RC deficiencies in individual neurons that will enable new insights in the molecular mechanisms underlying inherited and acquired mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grünewald
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Nichola Z Lax
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Amy K Reeve
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Philippa D Hepplewhite
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Karolina A Rygiel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Suzuki Y, Takagi N, Sano T, Chimuro T. Design and synthesis of a novel fluorescent protein probe for easy and rapid electrophoretic gel staining by using a commonly available UV-based fluorescent imaging system. Electrophoresis 2014; 34:2464-72. [PMID: 23801451 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new fluorescent molecular probe, methyl 3-(3,5-bis((bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)-methyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamido) propanoate, dizinc(II) chloride salt (Dansyl-1-Zn(II)), which possesses Zn(II) complexes and a dansyl group, was designed and synthesized to enable the detection of proteins in solution and in high-throughput electrophoresis by using a UV-based detection system. Dansyl-1-Zn(II) exhibited weak fluorescence in the absence of proteins and strong green fluorescence at approximately 510 nm in the presence of BSA upon irradiation with light at a wavelength of 345 nm. Compared with conventional protocols for in-gel SDS-PAGE protein staining (e.g. silver staining, SYPRO Ruby, and Oriole), the operating times of which range from 90 min to overnight, Dansyl-1-Zn(II) allowed 1-step protein staining (SDS-PAGE →Staining →Detection) and shortened the operating time (35 min) with high sensitivity (LOD: 1 ng or less) under 312-nm or 365-nm light excitation with orange or red emission filters, respectively. Moreover, Dansyl-1-Zn(II) was successfully applied to protein identification by MS via in-gel tryptic digestion, Western blotting, and Native-PAGE. Accordingly, Dansyl-1-Zn(II) may facilitate highly sensitive and high-throughput protein detection, and it may be widely applicable as a convenient tool in various scientific and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Suzuki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Zhang X, Li H, Mao Y, Li Z, Wang R, Guo T, Jin L, Song R, Xu W, Zhou N, Zhang Y, Hu R, Wang X, Huang H, Lei Z, Niu G, Irwin DM, Tan H. An over expression APP model for anti-Alzheimer disease drug screening created by zinc finger nuclease technology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75493. [PMID: 24223114 PMCID: PMC3819351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), famous for their ability to precisely and efficiently modify specific genomic loci, have been employed in numerous transgenic model organism and cell constructions. Here we employ the ZFNs technology, with homologous recombination (HR), to construct sequence-specific Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) knock-in cells. With the use of ZFNs, we established APP knock in cell lines with gene-modification efficiencies of about 7%. We electroporated DNA fragment containing the promoter and the protein coding regions of the zinc finger nucleases into cells, instead of the plasmids, to avoid problems associated with off target homologous recombination, and adopted a pair of mutated FokI cleavage domains to reduce the toxic effects of the ZFNs on cell growth. Since over-expression of APP, or a subdomain of it, might lead to an immediately lethal effect, we used the Cre-LoxP System to regulate APP expression. Our genetically transformed cell lines, w5c1 and s12c8, showed detectable APP and Amyloid β (Aβ) production. The Swedish double mutation in the APP coding sequence enhanced APP and Aβ abundance. What is more, the activity of the three key secretases in Aβ formation could be modulated, indicating that these transgenic cells have potential for drug screening to modify amyloid metabolism in cells. Our transformed cells could readily be propagated in culture and should provide an excellent experimental medium for elucidating aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, especially those concerning the amyloidogenic pathways involving mutations in the APP coding sequence. The cellular models may also serve as a tool for deriving potentially useful therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rongjing Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhuang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruobi Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huakang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gang Niu
- Beijing N&N Genetech Company, Beijing, China
| | - David M. Irwin
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (HT); (DMI)
| | - Huanran Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HT); (DMI)
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10
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Fortes AC, Almeida AAC, Oliveira GAL, Santos PS, De Lucca Junior W, Mendonça Junior FJB, Freitas RM, Soares-Sobrinho JL, Soares MFR. Is oxidative stress in mice brain regions diminished by 2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzylidene)amino]-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:194192. [PMID: 23577220 PMCID: PMC3612446 DOI: 10.1155/2013/194192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
2-[(2,6-Dichlorobenzylidene)amino]-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile, 5TIO1, is a new 2-aminothiophene derivative with promising pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate its antioxidant activity in different areas of mice central nervous system. Male Swiss adult mice were intraperitoneally treated with Tween 80 dissolved in 0.9% saline (control group) and 5TIO1 (0.1, 1, and 10 mg kg(-1)). Brain homogenates-hippocampus, striatum, frontal cortex, and cerebellum-were obtained after 24 h of observation. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, lipid peroxidation and nitrite content were measured using spectrophotometrical methods. To clarify the 5TIO1's mechanism on oxidative stress, western blot analysis of superoxide dismutase and catalase was also performed. 5TIO1 decreased lipid peroxidation and nitrite content in all brain areas and increased the antioxidant enzymatic activities, specially, in cerebellum. The data of Western blot analysis did not demonstrate evidence of the upregulation of these enzymes after the administration of this compound. Our findings strongly support that 5TIO1 can protect the brain against neuronal damages regularly observed during neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Fortes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of PI, 64.049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - A. A. C. Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of PI, 64.049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - G. A. L. Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of PI, 64.049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - P. S. Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piaui, 64.049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - W. De Lucca Junior
- Federal University of Sergipe, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Department of Morphology, 49.100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - F. J. B. Mendonça Junior
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Vectorization of Molecules, State University of Paraiba, 58.020-540 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - R. M. Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of PI, 64.049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piaui, 64.049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - J. L. Soares-Sobrinho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of PI, 64.049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - M. F. R. Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of PI, 64.049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Agasti SS, Liong M, Peterson VM, Lee H, Weissleder R. Photocleavable DNA barcode-antibody conjugates allow sensitive and multiplexed protein analysis in single cells. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18499-502. [PMID: 23092113 DOI: 10.1021/ja307689w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA barcoding is an attractive technology, as it allows sensitive and multiplexed target analysis. However, DNA barcoding of cellular proteins remains challenging, primarily because barcode amplification and readout techniques are often incompatible with the cellular microenvironment. Here we describe the development and validation of a photocleavable DNA barcode-antibody conjugate method for rapid, quantitative, and multiplexed detection of proteins in single live cells. Following target binding, this method allows DNA barcodes to be photoreleased in solution, enabling easy isolation, amplification, and readout. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate sensitive and multiplexed detection of protein biomarkers in a variety of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit S Agasti
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical, Boston, 02114, United States
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