1
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Ogunmolasuyi AM, Adewoyin MA. Microfluidic device: A versatile biosensor platform to multiplex aptamer-based detection of malaria biomarkers. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4104. [PMID: 39118353 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a dominant infectious disease that affects Africa than the rest of the world, considering its associated cases and death rates. It's a febrile illness that produces several reliable biomarkers, for example, P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH), P. falciparum Plasmodium glutamate dehydrogenase (PfGDH), and P. falciparum histidine-rich proteins (HRP-II) in blood circulatory system that can easily be employed as targets in rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). In recent times, several DNA aptamers have been developed via SELEX technology to detect some specific malaria biomarkers (PfLDH, PvLDH, HRP-II, PfGDH) in a biosensor mode with good binding affinity properties to overcome the trend of cross-reactivity, limited sensitivity and stability problems that have been observed with immunodiagnostics. In this review, we summarized existing diagnostic methods and relevant biomarkers to suggest promising approaches to develop sensitive and species-specific multiplexed diagnostic devices enabling effective detection of malaria in complex biological matrices and surveillance in the endemic region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary A Adewoyin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Anchor University, Lagos, Nigeria
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2
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Mili M, Bachu V, Kuri PR, Singh NK, Goswami P. Improving synthesis and binding affinities of nucleic acid aptamers and their therapeutics and diagnostic applications. Biophys Chem 2024; 309:107218. [PMID: 38547671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers have captivated the attention of analytical and medicinal scientists globally due to their several advantages as recognition molecules over conventional antibodies because of their small size, simple and inexpensive synthesis, broad target range, and high stability in varied environmental conditions. These recognition molecules can be chemically modified to make them resistant to nuclease action in blood serum, reduce rapid renel clearance, improve the target affinity and selectivity, and make them amenable to chemically conjugate with a support system that facilitates their selective applications. This review focuses on the development of efficient aptamer candidates and their application in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic applications. Significant advances have been made in aptamer-based diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Collaterally, the progress made in therapeutic applications of aptamers is encouraging, as evident from their use in diagnosing cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, microbial infection, and in imaging. This review also updates the progress on clinical trials of many aptamer-based products of commercial interests. The key development and critical issues on the subject have been summarized in the concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaya Mili
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Vinay Bachu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Pooja Rani Kuri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | | | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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3
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Liang Y, Figueroa-Miranda G, Tanner JA, Huang F, Offenhäusser A, Mayer D. Highly sensitive detection of malaria biomarker through matching channel and gate capacitance of integrated organic electrochemical transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115712. [PMID: 37816283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) possess versatile advantages for biochemical and electrophysiological applications due to electrochemical gating and ion-to-electron conversion capability. Although OECTs have been successfully applied for biochemical sensing, the effect of relative capacitance for specific sensing events is still unclear. In the present work, we design integrated interdigitated OECTs (iOECTs) with on-plane gold gate and different channel geometries for point-of-care diagnosis of malaria using aptamer as receptor. The transconductance of the iOECTs gated with micro-size gold electrodes decreased with increasing the channel thicknesses, especially for devices with large channel areas, which is inconsistent with devices gated by typical Ag/AgCl electrodes, attributing to the limited gating efficiency of the micro-size gate electrode. The capacitance of gate electrode was heavily suppressed by receptors but increased with the incubation of targets. In addition, the integrated iOECTs with thin channels exhibited superior sensitivity for malaria detection with the detection limit as low as 3.2 aM, much lower than their thick channel counterpart and other state-of-the-art biosensors. These deviations could be caused by the high relative capacitances, with respect to the gate and channel capacitance (Cg/Cch), resulting in a high gate potential drop over the organic channel and thus entirely gating on the thin channel device. These findings provide guidance to optimize the geometry of OECT devices with on-chip integrated gates and the fabrication of miniaturized OECTs for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Liang
- Guangdong Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510335, Guangdong, China; Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelecronics IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Figueroa-Miranda
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelecronics IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Julian Alexander Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelecronics IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelecronics IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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4
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Sharafeldin M, Rusling JF. Multiplexed electrochemical assays for clinical applications. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2023; 39:101256. [PMID: 37006828 PMCID: PMC10062004 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, accurate diagnoses are central to future efficient healthcare to identify diseases at early stages, avoid unnecessary treatment, and improve outcomes. Electrochemical techniques have been applied in many ways to support clinical applications by enabling the analysis of relevant disease biomarkers in user-friendly, sensitive, low-cost assays. Electrochemistry offers a launchpad for multiplexed biomarker assays that offer more accurate and precise diagnostics compared to single biomarker assays. In this short review, we underpin the importance of multiplexed analyses and provide a universal overview of current electrochemical assay strategies for multiple biomarkers. We highlight relevant examples of electrochemical methods that successfully quantify important disease biomarkers. Finally, we offer a future outlook on possible strategies that can be employed to increase throughput, sensitivity, and specificity of multiplexed electrochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland. H91 TK33
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5
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Gupta R, Singh V, Sarawagi N, Kaur G, Kaur R, Priyadarshi N, Rishi V, Goyal B, Mishra PP, Singhal NK. Salmonella typhimurium detection and ablation using OmpD specific aptamer with non-magnetic and magnetic graphene oxide. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115354. [PMID: 37126873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases have increased in the last few years due to the increased consumption of packaged and contaminated food. Major foodborne bacteria cause diseases such as diarrhea, vomiting, and sometimes death. So, there is a need for early detection of foodborne bacteria as pre-existing detection techniques are time-taking and tedious. Aptamer has gained interest due to its high stability, specificity, and sensitivity. Here, aptamer has been developed against Salmonella Typhimurium through the Cell-Selex method, and to further find the reason for specificity and sensitivity, OmpD protein was isolated, and binding studies were done. Single molecular FRET experiment using aptamer and graphene oxide studies has also been done to understand the mechanism of FRET and subsequently used for target bacterial detection. Using this assay, Salmonella Typhimurium can be detected up to 10 CFU/mL. Further, Magnetic Graphene oxide was used to develop an assay to separate and ablate bacteria using 808 nm NIR where temperature increase was more than 60 °C within 30 s and has been shown by plating as well as a confocal live dead assay. Thus, using various techniques, bacteria can be detected and ablated using specific aptamer and Graphene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Gupta
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India; ICMR-National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases, New Pali Road, Jodhpur, 342005, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nikita Sarawagi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Gurmeet Kaur
- Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhadson Road, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Raminder Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Nitesh Priyadarshi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Vikas Rishi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhadson Road, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India.
| | - Padmaja P Mishra
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, West Bengal, India; Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Nitin K Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India.
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Brosseau NE, Vallée I, Mayer-Scholl A, Ndao M, Karadjian G. Aptamer-Based Technologies for Parasite Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23020562. [PMID: 36679358 PMCID: PMC9867382 DOI: 10.3390/s23020562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Centuries of scientific breakthroughs have brought us closer to understanding and managing the spread of parasitic diseases. Despite ongoing technological advancements in the detection, treatment, and control of parasitic illnesses, their effects on animal and human health remain a major concern worldwide. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides whose unique three-dimensional structures enable them to interact with high specificity and affinity to a wide range of targets. In recent decades, aptamers have emerged as attractive alternatives to antibodies as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Due to their superior stability, reusability, and modifiability, aptamers have proven to be effective bioreceptors for the detection of toxins, contaminants, biomarkers, whole cells, pathogens, and others. As such, they have been integrated into a variety of electrochemical, fluorescence, and optical biosensors to effectively detect whole parasites and their proteins. This review offers a summary of the various types of parasite-specific aptamer-based biosensors, their general mechanisms and their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Emerson Brosseau
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health (IDIGH) Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Vallée
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Mayer-Scholl
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Momar Ndao
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health (IDIGH) Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Grégory Karadjian
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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7
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Nate Z, Gill AA, Chauhan R, Karpoormath R. Recent progress in electrochemical sensors for detection and quantification of malaria. Anal Biochem 2022; 643:114592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Rhouati A, Marty JL, Vasilescu A. Electrochemical biosensors combining aptamers and enzymatic activity: Challenges and analytical opportunities. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Navien TN, Yeoh TS, Anna A, Tang TH, Citartan M. Aptamers isolated against mosquito-borne pathogens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:131. [PMID: 34240263 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are a major threat to public health. The shortcomings of diagnostic tools, especially those that are antibody-based, have been blamed in part for the rising annual morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases. Antibodies harbor a number of disadvantages that can be clearly addressed by aptamers as the more promising molecular recognition elements. Aptamers are defined as single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides generated by SELEX that exhibit high binding affinity and specificity against a wide variety of target molecules based on their unique structural conformations. A number of aptamers were developed against mosquito-borne pathogens such as Dengue virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, Plasmodium parasite, Francisella tularensis, Japanese encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus and Yellow fever virus. Intrigued by these achievements, we carry out a comprehensive overview of the aptamers developed against these mosquito-borne infectious agents. Characteristics of the aptamers and their roles in diagnostic, therapeutic as well as other applications are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tholasi Nadhan Navien
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Tzi Shien Yeoh
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Anna
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Thean-Hock Tang
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Marimuthu Citartan
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
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Cordeiro TAR, de Resende MAC, Moraes SCDS, Franco DL, Pereira AC, Ferreira LF. Electrochemical biosensors for neglected tropical diseases: A review. Talanta 2021; 234:122617. [PMID: 34364426 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A group of infectious and parasitic diseases with prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions of the planet, especially in places with difficult access, internal conflicts, poverty, and low visibility from the government and health agencies are classified as neglected tropical diseases. While some well-intentioned isolated groups are making the difference on a global scale, the number of new cases and deaths is still alarming. The development and employment of low-cost, miniaturized, and easy-to-use devices as biosensors could be the key to fast diagnosis in such areas leading to a better treatment to further eradication of such diseases. Therefore, this review contains useful information regarding the development of such devices in the past ten years (2010-2020). Guided by the updated list from the World Health Organization, the work evaluated the new trends in the biosensor field applied to the early detection of neglected tropical diseases, the efficiencies of the devices compared to the traditional techniques, and the applicability on-site for local distribution. So, we focus on Malaria, Chagas, Leishmaniasis, Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, Schistosomiasis, Leprosy, Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), Lymphatic filariasis, and Rabies. Few papers were found concerning such diseases and there is no available commercial device in the market. The works contain information regarding the development of point-of-care devices, but there are only at proof of concepts stage so far. Details of electrode modification and construction of electrochemical biosensors were summarized in Tables. The demand for the eradication of neglected tropical diseases is increasing. The use of biosensors is pivotal for the cause, but appliable devices are scarce. The information present in this review can be useful for further development of biosensors in the hope of helping the world combat these deadly diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Aparecida Reis Cordeiro
- Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Applied Nanotechnology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Cristina Dos Santos Moraes
- Group of Electrochemistry Applied to Polymers and Sensors - Multidisciplinary Group of Research, Science and Technology - Laboratory of Electroanalytic Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering - Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Brazil
| | - Diego Leoni Franco
- Group of Electrochemistry Applied to Polymers and Sensors - Multidisciplinary Group of Research, Science and Technology - Laboratory of Electroanalytic Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering - Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Brazil.
| | - Arnaldo César Pereira
- Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Franco Ferreira
- Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Applied Nanotechnology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil.
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11
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Randomly positioned gold nanoparticles as fluorescence enhancers in apta-immunosensor for malaria test. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:88. [PMID: 33594523 PMCID: PMC7886758 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A plasmon-enhanced fluorescence-based antibody-aptamer biosensor - consisting of gold nanoparticles randomly immobilized onto a glass substrate via electrostatic self-assembly - is described for specific detection of proteins in whole blood. Analyte recognition is realized through a sandwich scheme with a capture bioreceptor layer of antibodies - covalently immobilized onto the gold nanoparticle surface in upright orientation and close-packed configuration by photochemical immobilization technique (PIT) - and a top bioreceptor layer of fluorescently labelled aptamers. Such a sandwich configuration warrants not only extremely high specificity, but also an ideal fluorophore-nanostructure distance (approximately 10-15 nm) for achieving strong fluorescence amplification. For a specific application, we tested the biosensor performance in a case study for the detection of malaria-related marker Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH). The proposed biosensor can specifically detect PfLDH in spiked whole blood down to 10 pM (0.3 ng/mL) without any sample pretreatment. The combination of simple and scalable fabrication, potentially high-throughput analysis, and excellent sensing performance provides a new approach to biosensing with significant advantages compared to conventional fluorescence immunoassays.
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12
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Ospina-Villa JD, Cisneros-Sarabia A, Sánchez-Jiménez MM, Marchat LA. Current Advances in the Development of Diagnostic Tests based on Aptamers in Parasitology: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111046. [PMID: 33142793 PMCID: PMC7693570 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences of 20–80 nucleotides that interact with different targets such as: proteins, ions, viruses, or toxins, through non-covalent interactions and their unique three-dimensional conformation. They are obtained in vitro by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Because of their ability of target recognition with high specificity and affinity, aptamers are usually compared to antibodies. However, they present many advantages that make them promising molecules for the development of new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. In medical parasitology, aptamers also represent an attractive alternative for the implementation of new parasite detection methods, easy to apply in endemic regions. The aim of this study was to describe the current advances in the development of diagnostic tests based on aptamers in parasitology. For this, articles were selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The 26 resulting articles deal with the use of aptamers for the detection of six important protozoa that affect human health. This systematic review clearly demonstrates the specificity, sensitivity and selectivity of aptamers and aptasensors, that certainly will soon become standard methods in medical parasitology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Ospina-Villa
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Universidad CES, Sabaneta CP 055450, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.D.O.-V.); (M.M.S.-J.)
| | - Alondra Cisneros-Sarabia
- ENMH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Fracc. La Escalera, Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07320, Mexico;
| | - Miryan Margot Sánchez-Jiménez
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Universidad CES, Sabaneta CP 055450, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.D.O.-V.); (M.M.S.-J.)
| | - Laurence A. Marchat
- ENMH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Fracc. La Escalera, Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07320, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (ext. 55543)
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13
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Amiri M, Nekoueian K, Saberi RS. Graphene-family materials in electrochemical aptasensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:673-699. [PMID: 32939567 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of graphene-based carbon nanocomposites has remarkably increased in recent years. Functionalized graphene-based nanostructures, including graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, have great potential as new innovative electrode materials in the fabrication of novel electrochemical sensors. Electrochemical sensors based on aptamers attracted great attention because of their high sensitivity and selectivity, and simple instrumentation, as well as low production cost. Aptamers as a potent alternative to antibodies are functional nucleic acids with a high tendency to specific analytes. Electrochemical aptasensors show specific recognition ability for a wide range of analytes. Although aptamers are selected in vitro in contrast to antibodies, they are interesting due to advantages like high stability, easy chemical modifications, and the potential to be employed in nanostructured device fabrication or electrochemical sensing devices. Recently, new nanomaterials have shown a significant impact on the production of electrochemical sensors with high efficiency and performance. This review aims to give an outline of electrochemical aptasensors based on the graphene family materials and discuss the detection mechanism in this type of aptasensors. The present review summarizes some of the recent achievements in graphene-based aptasensors and includes their recent electroanalytical applications. Graphical Abstract Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Daneshgah Street, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Nekoueian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Daneshgah Street, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Sadat Saberi
- East Sage Investigative Corporation, Isfahan Science and Technology Town, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran
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14
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Figueroa-Miranda G, Wu C, Zhang Y, Nörbel L, Lo Y, Tanner JA, Elling L, Offenhäusser A, Mayer D. Polyethylene glycol-mediated blocking and monolayer morphology of an electrochemical aptasensor for malaria biomarker detection in human serum. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 136:107589. [PMID: 32679336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Better approaches are critically needed for in situ point-of-care diagnostic biosensors that enable primary care physicians, or even individual patients, to directly analyze biological fluids without complicated sample pretreatments. Additional purification steps consume time, consume reagents, often require other equipment, and can introduce false-negative results. Biosensors have been modified with blocking molecules to reduce biofouling; however, the effectiveness relies on their chemical composition and morphology. Here, we used a polyethylene glycol film to suppress unspecific binding from human serum on an electrochemical malaria aptasensor. A detailed study of the variation of the chemical and morphological composition of the aptamer/polyethylene glycol mixed monolayer as a function of incubation time was conducted. Higher resistance to matrix biofouling was found for polyethylene glycol than for hydrophobic alkanethiol films. The best sensor performance was observed for intermediate polyethylene glycol immobilization times. With prolonged incubation, phase separation of aptamer, and polyethylene glycol molecules locally increased the aptamer density and thereby diminished the analyte binding capability. Remarkably, polyethylene glycols do not affect the aptasensor sensitivity but enhance the complex matrix tolerance, the dynamic range, and the limit of detection. Careful tuning of the blocking molecule immobilization is crucial to achieving high aptasensor performance and biofouling resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Figueroa-Miranda
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany; Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Changtong Wu
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lena Nörbel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Young Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Julian Alexander Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
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15
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Krampa FD, Aniweh Y, Kanyong P, Awandare GA. Recent Advances in the Development of Biosensors for Malaria Diagnosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E799. [PMID: 32024098 PMCID: PMC7038750 DOI: 10.3390/s20030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of malaria on global health has continually prompted the need to develop more effective diagnostic strategies that could overcome deficiencies in accurate and early detection. In this review, we examine the various biosensor-based methods for malaria diagnostic biomarkers, namely; Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP-2), parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), aldolase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and the biocrystal hemozoin. The models that demonstrate a potential for field application have been discussed, looking at the fabrication and analytical performance characteristics, including (but not exclusively limited to): response time, sensitivity, detection limit, linear range, and storage stability, which are first summarized in a tabular form and then described in detail. The conclusion summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies applied in the field, the current challenges and the emerging prospects for malaria biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis D. Krampa
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (Y.A.); (P.K.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Aniweh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (Y.A.); (P.K.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Prosper Kanyong
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (Y.A.); (P.K.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Gordon A. Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (Y.A.); (P.K.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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16
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Electrochemical biosensors based on nucleic acid aptamers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:55-72. [PMID: 31912182 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During recent decades, nucleic acid aptamers have emerged as powerful biological recognition elements for electrochemical affinity biosensors. These bioreceptors emulate or improve on antibody-based biosensors because of their excellent characteristics as bioreceptors, including limitless selection capacity for a large variety of analytes, easy and cost-effective production, high stability and reproducibility, simple chemical modification, stable and oriented immobilization on electrode surfaces, enhanced target affinity and selectivity, and possibility to design them in target-sensitive 3D folded structures. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of electrochemical aptasensor technology, focusing on novel aptamer-based electroanalytical assay configurations and providing examples to illustrate the different possibilities. Future prospects for this technology are also discussed. Graphical abstract.
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17
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Gitta B, Kilian N. Diagnosis of Malaria Parasites Plasmodium spp. in Endemic Areas: Current Strategies for an Ancient Disease. Bioessays 2019; 42:e1900138. [PMID: 31830324 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fast and effective detection of the causative agent of malaria in humans, protozoan Plasmodium parasites, is of crucial importance for increasing the effectiveness of treatment and to control a devastating disease that affects millions of people living in endemic areas. The microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood films still remains the gold-standard in Plasmodium detection today. However, there is a high demand for alternative diagnostic methods that are simple, fast, highly sensitive, ideally do not rely on blood-drawing and can potentially be conducted by the patients themselves. Here, the history of Plasmodium detection is discussed, and advantages and disadvantages of diagnostic methods that are currently being applied are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Gitta
- Matibabu, 120 Semawata Rd, Ntinda, Kampala, 00256, Uganda
| | - Nicole Kilian
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Singh NK, Jain P, Das S, Goswami P. Dye Coupled Aptamer-Captured Enzyme Catalyzed Reaction for Detection of Pan Malaria and P. falciparum Species in Laboratory Settings and Instrument-Free Paper-Based Platform. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4213-4221. [PMID: 30793883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Malaria diagnosis methods offering species-specific information on the causative parasites, along with their flexibility to use in different resource settings, have great demand for precise treatment and management of the disease. Herein, we report the detection of pan malaria and P. falciparum species using a dye-based reaction catalyzed by the biomarker enzymes Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase ( PLDH) and Plasmodium falciparum glutamate dehydrogenase ( PfGDH), respectively, through instrument-based and instrument-free approaches. For the detection, two ssDNA aptamers specific to the corresponding PLDH and PfGDH were used. The aptamer-captured enzymes were detected through a substrate-dependent reaction coupled with the conversion of resazurin (blue, ∼λ605nm) to resorufin (pink, ∼λ570nm) dye. The reaction was monitored by measuring the fluorescence intensity at λ660nm for resorufin, absorbance ratio (λ570nm/λ605nm), and change in color (blue to pink). The detection approach could be customized to a spectrophotometer-based method and an instrument-free device. For both the approaches, the biomarkers were captured from the serum samples with the help of aptamer-coated magnetic beads prior to the analysis to exclude potential interferences from the serum. In the instrument-free device, a medical syringe (5 mL) prefabricated with a magnet was used for in situ separation of the enzyme-captured beads from the reaction supernatant. The converted dye in the supernatant was then efficiently adsorbed over a DEAE cellulose-treated paper wick assembled in the syringe hose. The biomarkers could be detected by both qualitative and quantitative format following the color and pixel intensity, respectively, developed on the paper surface. The developed method and technique offered detection of the biomarkers within a clinically relevant dynamic range, with the limit of detection values in the picomolar level. Flexible detection capability, low cost, interference-free detections, and portable nature (for instrument-free devices) are the major advantages offered by the developed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , 781039 Assam , India
| | - Priyamvada Jain
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , 781039 Assam , India
| | - Smita Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , 781039 Assam , India
| | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , 781039 Assam , India
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19
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Advances on Aptamers against Protozoan Parasites. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9120584. [PMID: 30487456 PMCID: PMC6316487 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences with a unique three-dimensional structure that allows them to recognize a particular target with high affinity. Although their specific recognition activity could make them similar to monoclonal antibodies, their ability to bind to a large range of non-immunogenic targets greatly expands their potential as tools for diagnosis, therapeutic agents, detection of food risks, biosensors, detection of toxins, drug carriers, and nanoparticle markers, among others. One aptamer named Pegaptanib is currently used for treating macular degeneration associated with age, and many other aptamers are in different clinical stages of development of evaluation for various human diseases. In the area of parasitology, research on aptamers has been growing rapidly in the past few years. Here we describe the development of aptamers raised against the main protozoan parasites that affect hundreds of millions of people in underdeveloped and developing countries, remaining a major health concern worldwide, i.e. Trypanosoma spp., Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium parvuum. The latest progress made in this area confirmed that DNA and RNA aptamers represent attractive alternative molecules in the search for new tools to detect and treat these parasitic infections that affect human health worldwide.
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20
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Wang WX, Cheung YW, Dirkzwager RM, Wong WC, Tanner JA, Li HW, Wu Y. Specific and sensitive detection of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase by DNA-scaffolded silver nanoclusters combined with an aptamer. Analyst 2018; 142:800-807. [PMID: 28139780 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02417c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Innovative nanomaterials offer significant potential for diagnosis of severe diseases of the developing world such as malaria. Small sized silver nanoclusters have shown promise for diagnostics due to their intense fluorescence emission and photo-stabilities. Here, double-stranded DNA-scaffolded silver nanoclusters (AgNCs-dsDNA) were prepared to detect the established malaria biomarker, Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH). Significant luminescence enhancement over a wide concentration range of PfLDH was demonstrated. In addition, a low limit of detection at 0.20 nM (7.4 pg μL-1) was achieved for PfLDH in buffer solution, sensitive enough for practical use correlating with the clinical level of PfLDH in plasma from malaria-infected patients. Unique specificity was observed towards Plasmodium falciparum over Plasmodium vivax and human lactate dehydrogenase, as well as other non-specific proteins, by combining the use of AgNCs-dsDNA with a DNA aptamer against PfLDH. Moreover, the intrinsic mechanism was revealed in detail for the two-step luminescence response. The combination of DNA-scaffolded silver nanoclusters coupled to a selective single-stranded DNA aptamer allows for a highly specific and sensitive detection of PfLDH with significant promise for malaria diagnosis in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yee-Wai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
| | - Roderick M Dirkzwager
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
| | - Wai-Chung Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yuqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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21
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Bayraç AT, Donmez SI. Selection of DNA aptamers to Streptococcus pneumonia and fabrication of graphene oxide based fluorescent assay. Anal Biochem 2018; 556:91-98. [PMID: 29964028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococci are one of the leading causes of infections throughout the world causing problems mainly in children, elderly, and immune-deficient patients. In recent years antibiotic resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains become widespread. Therefore simple, rapid, and specific detection methods are needed for public health. In this study, DNA aptamer probes against S. pneumoniae were selected using bacterial Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) and these probes were integrated in to a graphene oxide (GO) based fluorescent assay. Among the tested aptamers three candidates Lyd-1, Lyd-2 and Lyd-3 showed Kd values of 844.7 ± 123.6, 1984.8 ± 347.5, and 661.8 ± 111.3 nM, respectively. These candidates showed binding affinity to S. pneumoniae and no specific binding to the bacteria used in negative selection. The binding of aptamers were showed by fluorescence spectroscopy and flow cytometry. GO based label-free fluorescent assay developed using Lyd-3 aptamer had a unique detection limit of 15 cfu mL-1. Thus we believe that the selected aptamers and fabricated GO based assay has potential to be used in the detection of S. pneumoniae. Selected aptamers selectively bind to S. pneumonia with anti-pneumococcal potential and holds great potential to be used as molecular probes for identifying and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Tahir Bayraç
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Yunus Emre Campus, 70100 Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Sultan Ilayda Donmez
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Yunus Emre Campus, 70100 Karaman, Turkey
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22
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Ragavan K, Kumar S, Swaraj S, Neethirajan S. Advances in biosensors and optical assays for diagnosis and detection of malaria. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 105:188-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Foo ME, Gopinath SC. Feasibility of graphene in biomedical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:354-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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24
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Jain P, Chakma B, Singh N, Patra S, Goswami P. Metal-DNA Interactions Improve signal in High-Resolution Melting of DNA for Species Differentiation of Plasmodium Parasite. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 59:179-191. [PMID: 28421327 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The success of high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis for distinguishing similar DNAs with minor base mismatch differences is limited. Here, metal-mediated structural change in DNA has been exploited to amplify HRM signals leading to differentiation of target DNAs in an orthologous gene corresponding to four Plasmodium species. Conserved 26-mer ssDNAs from ldh gene of the four Plasmodium species were employed as targets. A capture probe (CP) that is fully complementary to the Plasmodium falciparum target (FT) and has two base mismatches each, with the targets of Plasmodium vivax (VT), Plasmodium malariae, (MT), and Plasmodium ovale (OT), was considered. The DNA duplexes were treated with metal ions for structural perturbation and analyzed by HRM. Distinct resolution of melting fluorescence signal in otherwise identical HRM profiles for each of the DNA duplexes was achieved by using Ca+2 or Mg+2 ions, where, Ca+2 conferred higher resolution. The increase in resolution for CP-FT versus CP-OT, CP-FT versus CP-VT, CP-FT versus CP-MT, CP-VT versus CP-OT, and CP-MT versus CP-OT with Ca-DNA as compared to control was 67.3-, 20.4-, 22.0-, 10.9-, and 8.3-fold, respectively. The signal resolution was the highest at pH 8. The method could detect 0.25 pmol/µl of the target DNA. Structural analysis showed that Ca+2 and Mg+2 ions perturbed the structure of DNA. This perturbation helped to improve HRM signal resolution among DNA targets corresponding to the orthologous gene of four Plasmodium species. This novel approach has potential application not only for Plasmodium species-specific diagnosis but also for differentiation of DNAs with minor sequence variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Jain
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Babina Chakma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Naveen Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Sanjukta Patra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India.
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25
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Chen J, Leng J, Yang X, Liao L, Liu L, Xiao A. Enhanced Performance of Magnetic Graphene Oxide-Immobilized Laccase and Its Application for the Decolorization of Dyes. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020221. [PMID: 28157159 PMCID: PMC6155931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) nanomaterials were synthesized based on covalent binding of amino Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto the graphene oxide (GO), and the prepared MGO was successfully applied as support for the immobilization of laccase. The MGO-laccase was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Compared with free laccase, the MGO-laccase exhibited better pH and thermal stabilities. The optimum pH and temperature were confirmed as pH 3.0 and 35 °C. Moreover, the MGO-laccase exhibited sufficient magnetic response and satisfied reusability after being retained by magnetic separation. The MGO-laccase maintained 59.8% activity after ten uses. MGO-laccase were finally utilized in the decolorization of dye solutions and the decolorization rate of crystal violet (CV), malachite green (MG), and brilliant green (BG) reached 94.7% of CV, 95.6% of MG, and 91.4% of BG respectively. The experimental results indicated the MGO-laccase nanomaterials had a good catalysis ability to decolorize dyes in aqueous solution. Compared with the free enzyme, the employment of MGO as enzyme immobilization support could efficiently enhance the availability and facilitate the application of laccase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Juan Leng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Xiai Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Liping Liao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Aiping Xiao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
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