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Nirwantono R, Laksmi FA, Nuryana I, Firdausa S, Herawan D, Giyandini R, Hidayat AA. Exploring an l-arabinose isomerase from cryophile bacteria Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus B7 for d-tagatose production. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127781. [PMID: 37923040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel l-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) from Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus (Ap L-AI) was successfully cloned and characterized. The enzyme catalyzes the isomerization of d-galactose into a rare sugar d-tagatose. The recombinant Ap L-AI had an approximate molecular weight of about 258 kDa, suggesting it was an aggregate of five 58 kDa monomers and became the first record as a homo-pentamer L-AI. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) and Km for d-galactose were 0.32 mM-1 min-1 and 51.43 mM, respectively, while for l-arabinose, were 0.64 mM-1 min-1 and 23.41 mM, respectively. It had the highest activity at pH 7.0-7.5 and 60 °C in the presence of 0.250 mM Mn2+. Ap L-AI was discovered to be an outstanding thermostable enzyme that only lost its half-life value at 60 °C for >1000 min. These findings suggest that l-arabinose isomerase from Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus is a promising candidate for d-tagatose mass-production due to its industrially competitive temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Nirwantono
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Chemistry Bld, 68 Cooper Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, Bina Nusantara University, Anggrek Jl. Kebon Jeruk Raya No. 27, Kebon Jeruk, West Jakarta 11530, Indonesia
| | - Fina Amreta Laksmi
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Isa Nuryana
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Salsabila Firdausa
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - David Herawan
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ranistia Giyandini
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Alam Ahmad Hidayat
- Mathematics Department, School of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, Anggrek Jl. Kebon Jeruk Raya No. 27, Kebon Jeruk, West Jakarta 11530, Indonesia
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Liu F, Chen S, Pan F, Zhao Z, Liu M, Wang L. Establishment of the Biotransformation of D-Allulose and D-Allose Systems in Full-Red Jujube Monosaccharides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3084. [PMID: 37687330 PMCID: PMC10489948 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce sucrose content in jujube juice and prepare a jujube juice beverage rich in rare sugars, jujube juice was used as raw material for multienzyme catalysis in this study. The effects of single factors such as substrate, pH, DPE and L-RI addition ratio, enzyme treatment temperature, and metal ions on sucrose conversion and D-allulose formation in jujube juice were investigated. Changes in glucose, D-allulose, and D-allose contents in jujube juice before and after enzyme conversion were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that 'Xiangfenmuzao' was more suitable for subsequent double enzyme coupling reactions in different varieties of jujube juice at different periods. Factors such as pH, DPE and L-RI enzyme ratio, temperature, and treatment time had significant effects on sucrose conversion and D-allulose production in 'Xiangfenmuzao' juice (p < 0.05). When the ratio of DPE and L-RI was 1:10, pH was 7.5, and the temperature was 60 °C for 7 h, the fructose content in the full-red stage jujube juice of 'Xiangfenmuzao' and 'Jinsixiaozao' decreased gradually, and the final yield was about 53%. The yield of D-allulose was about 29%, and the yield of D-allulose was about 17%. In this study, DPE and L-RI were used to treat whole red jujube juice, which could effectively reduce sucrose content in jujube juice and obtain a functional jujube juice beverage that is low in calories and rich in rare sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (F.L.); (S.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Shuangjiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (F.L.); (S.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Fuxu Pan
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (F.L.); (S.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Lili Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
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Characterization of l-Arabinose Isomerase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Its Application in the Production of d-Tagatose from d-Galactose. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
d-Tagatose, a functional sweetener, is converted from d-galactose by l-arabinose isomerase, which catalyzes the conversion of l-arabinose to l-ribulose. In this study, the araA gene encoding l-arabinose isomerase from Klebsiella pneumoniae was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the expressed enzyme was purified and characterized. The purified l-arabinose isomerase, a soluble protein with 11.6-fold purification and a 22% final yield, displayed a specific activity of 1.8 U/mg for d-galactose and existed as a homohexamer of 336 kDa. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 40 °C in the presence of Mn2+ and relative activity for pentoses and hexoses in the order l-arabinose > d-galactose > l-ribulose > d-xylulose > d-xylose > d-tagatose > d-glucose. The thermal stability of recombinant E. coli cells expressing l-arabinose isomerase from K. pneumoniae was higher than that of the enzyme. Thus, the reaction conditions of the recombinant cells were optimized to pH 8.0, 50 °C, and 4 g/L cell concentration using 100 g/L d-galactose with 1 mM Mn2+. Under these conditions, 33.5 g/L d-tagatose was produced from d-galactose with 33.5% molar yield and 67 g/L/h productivity. Our findings will help produce d-tagatose using whole-cell reactions, extending its industrial application.
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Chen Q, Xu W, Wu H, Guang C, Zhang W, Mu W. An overview of D-galactose utilization through microbial fermentation and enzyme-catalyzed conversion. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7161-7170. [PMID: 34515844 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
D-Galactose is an abundant carbohydrate monomer in nature and widely exists in macroalgae, plants, and dairy wastes. D-Galactose is useful as a raw material for biomass fuel production or low-calorie sweetener production, attracting increased attention. This article summarizes the studies on biotechnological processes for galactose utilization. Two main research directions of microbial fermentation and enzyme-catalyzed conversion from galactose-rich biomass are extensively reviewed. The review provides the recent discoveries for biofuel production from macroalgae, including the innovative methods in the pretreatment process and technological development in the fermentation process. As modern people pay more attention to health, enzyme technologies for low-calorie sweetener production are more urgently needed. D-Tagatose is a promising low-calorie alternative to sugar. We discuss the recent studies on characterization and genetic modification of L-arabinose isomerase to improve the bioconversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose. In addition, the trends and critical challenges in both research directions are outlined at the end. KEY POINTS: • The value and significance of galactose utilization are highlighted. • Biofuel production from galactose-rich biomass is accomplished by fermentation. • L-arabinose isomerase is a tool for bioconversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi , 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi , 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi , 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi , 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi , 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi , 214122, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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L-arabinose isomerase from Lactobacillus parabuchneri and its whole cell biocatalytic application in D-tagatose biosynthesis from D-galactose. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ravikumar Y, Ponpandian LN, Zhang G, Yun J, Qi X. Harnessing -arabinose isomerase for biological production of -tagatose: Recent advances and its applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Characterization of an L-Arabinose Isomerase from Bacillus velezensis and Its Application for L-Ribulose and L-Ribose Biosynthesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:935-951. [PMID: 32617845 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
L-Ribulose and L-ribose are two high-value unnatural sugars that can be biosynthesized by sugar isomerases. In this paper, an L-arabinose isomerase (BvAI) from Bacillus velezensis CICC 24777 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain. The maximum activity of recombinant BvAI was observed at 45 °C and pH 8.0, in the presence of 1.0 mM Mn2+. Approximately 207.2 g/L L-ribulose was obtained from 300 g/L L-arabinose in 1.5 h by E. coli harboring BvAI. In addition, approximately 74.25 g/L L-ribose was produced from 300 g/L L-arabinose in 7 h by E. coli co-expressing BvAI and L-RI from Actinotalea fermentans ATCC 43279 (AfRI). This study provides a feasible approach for producing L-ribose from L-arabinose using a co-expression system harboring L-Al and L-RI.
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Zhang G, An Y, Parvez A, Zabed HM, Yun J, Qi X. Exploring a Highly D-Galactose Specific L-Arabinose Isomerase From Bifidobacterium adolescentis for D-Tagatose Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:377. [PMID: 32411693 PMCID: PMC7201074 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Galactose-specific L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) would have much potential for the enzymatic conversion of D-Galactose into D-tagatose, while most of the reported L-AIs are L-arabinose specific. This study explored a highly D-Galactose-specific L-AI from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BAAI) for the production of D-tagatose. In the comparative protein-substrate docking for D-Galactose and L-arabinose, BAAI showed higher numbers of hydrogen bonds in D-Galactose-BAAI bonding site than those found in L-arabinose-BAAI bonding site. The activity of BAAI was 24.47 U/mg, and it showed good stability at temperatures up to 65°C and a pH range 6.0–7.5. The Km, Vmax, and Kcat/Km of BAAI were found to be 22.4 mM, 489 U/mg and 9.3 mM–1 min–1, respectively for D-Galactose, while the respective values for L-arabinose were 40.2 mM, 275.1 U/mg, and 8.6 mM–1 min–1. Enzymatic conversion of D-Galactose into D-tagatose by BAAI showed 56.7% conversion efficiency at 55°C and pH 6.5 after 10 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yingfeng An
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Amreesh Parvez
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hossain M Zabed
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junhua Yun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Biochemical Characterization of Heat-Tolerant Recombinant L-Arabinose Isomerase from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 Strain with Feasible Applications in D-Tagatose Production. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:385-399. [PMID: 30919326 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
D-Tagatose is a ketohexose, which presents unique properties as a low-calorie functional sweetener possessing a sweet flavor profile similar to D-sucrose and having no aftertaste. Considered a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance by FAO/WHO, D-tagatose can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of other optically active compounds as well as an additive in detergent, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulations. This study reports important features for L-arabinose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.4) (L-AI) use in industry. We describe arabinose (araA) gene virulence analysis, gene isolation, sequencing, cloning, and heterologous overexpression of L-AI from the food-grade GRAS bacterium Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 in Escherichia coli and assess biochemical properties of this recombinant enzyme. Recombinant L-AI (rL-AI) was one-step purified to homogeneity by Ni2+-agarose resin affinity chromatography and biochemical characterization revealed low identity with both thermophilic and mesophilic L-AIs but high degree of conservation in residues involved in substrate recognition. Optimal conditions for rL-AI activity were 50 °C, pH 5.5, and 0.3 mM Mn2+, exhibiting a low cofactor concentration requirement and an acidic optimum pH. Half-life at 45 °C and 50 °C were 1427 h and 11 h, respectively, and 21.5 h and 39.5 h at pH 4.5 and 5.6, respectively, showing the high stability of the enzyme in the presence of a metallic cofactor. Bioconversion yield for D-tagatose biosynthesis was 45% at 50 °C after 48 h. These properties highlight the technological potential of E. faecium rL-AI as biocatalyst for D-tagatose production.
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Roy S, Chikkerur J, Roy SC, Dhali A, Kolte AP, Sridhar M, Samanta AK. Tagatose as a Potential Nutraceutical: Production, Properties, Biological Roles, and Applications. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2699-2709. [PMID: 30334250 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are gaining importance owing to their potential applications in numerous sectors including food and feed industries. Among the emerging nutraceuticals, d-tagatose occupies a significant niche because of its low calorific value, antidiabetic property and growth promoting effects on beneficial gut bacteria. As d-tagatose is present in minute quantities in naturally occurring food substances, it is produced mainly by chemical or biological means. Recently, attempts were made for bio-production of d-tagatose using l-arabinose isomerase enzyme to overcome the challenges of chemical process of production. Applications of d-tagatose for maintaining health and wellbeing are increasing due to growing consumer awareness and apprehension against modern therapeutic agents. This review outlines the current status on d-tagatose, particularly its production, properties, biological role, applications, and the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Roy
- Jain Univ., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayaram Chikkerur
- Jain Univ., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhir Chandra Roy
- Molecular Biology Unit, ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Arindam Dhali
- Omics Lab., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Atul Puroshtam Kolte
- Omics Lab., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Manpal Sridhar
- BE & ES Div., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Samanta
- Feed Additives & Nutraceuticals Lab., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
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Towards efficient enzymatic conversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose: purification and characterization of L-arabinose isomerase from Lactobacillus brevis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:107-116. [PMID: 30251190 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) (EC 5. 3. 1. 4. L-AI) that mediates the isomerization of D-galactose to D-tagatose was isolated from Lactobacillus brevis (MF 465792), and was further purified and characterized. Pure enzyme with molecular weight of 60.1 kDa was successfully obtained after the purification using Native-PAGE gel extraction method, which was a monomer in solution. The L-AI was found to be stable at 45-75 °C, and at pH 7.0-9.0. Its optimum temperature and pH was determined as 65 °C and 7.0, respectively. Besides, we found that Ca2+, Cu2+, and Ba2+ ions inhibited the enzyme activity, whereas the enzyme activity was significantly enhanced in the presence of Mg2+, Mn2+, or Co2+ ions. The optimum concentration of Mn2+ and Co2+ was determined to be 1 mM. Furthermore, we characterized the kinetic parameters for L-AI and determined the Km (129 mM) and the Vmax (0.045 mM min- 1) values. Notably, L. brevisL-AI exhibited a high bioconversion yield of 43% from D-galactose to D-tagatose under the optimal condition, and appeared to be a more efficient catalyst compared with other L-AIs from various organisms.
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Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W. l -arabinose isomerases: Characteristics, modification, and application. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nguyen TK, Hong MG, Chang PS, Lee BH, Yoo SH. Biochemical properties of L-arabinose isomerase from Clostridium hylemonae to produce D-tagatose as a functional sweetener. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196099. [PMID: 29684065 PMCID: PMC5912747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
d-Tagatose has gained substantial interest due to its potential functionalities as a sucrose substitute. In this study, the gene araA, encoding l-arabinose isomerase (l-AI) from Clostridium hylemonae (DSM 15053), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). This gene consists of 1,506 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 501 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 56,554 Da. Since l-AI was expressed as an intracellular inclusion body, this enzyme was solubilized with guanidine hydrochloride, refolded, and activated with a descending concentration gradient of urea. The purified enzyme exhibited the greatest activity at 50°C, pH 7-7.5, and required 1 mM of Mg2+ as a cofactor. Notably, the catalytic efficiency (3.69 mM-1sec-1) of l-AI from C. hylemonae on galactose was significantly greater than that of other previously reported enzymes. The bioconversion yield of d-tagatose using the C. hylemonae l-arabinose isomerase at 60°C reached approximately 46% from 10 mM of d-galactose after 2 h. From these results, it is suggested that the l-arabinose isomerase from C. hylemonae could be utilized as a potential enzyme for d-tagatose production due to its high conversion yield at an industrially competitive temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Kieu Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Hong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SHY); (BHL)
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SHY); (BHL)
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Chen Z, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W. Characterization of a thermostable recombinant l-rhamnose isomerase from Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis OB47 and its application for the production of l-fructose and l-rhamnulose. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:2184-2193. [PMID: 28960307 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND l-Hexoses are rare sugars that are important components and precursors in the synthesis of biological compounds and pharmaceutical drugs. l-Rhamnose isomerase (L-RI, EC 5.3.1.14) is an aldose-ketose isomerase that plays a significant role in the production of l-sugars. In this study, a thermostable, l-sugar-producing L-RI from the hyperthermophile Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis OB47 was characterized. RESULTS The recombinant L-RI displayed maximal activity at pH 8.0 and 85 °C and was significantly activated by Co2+ . It exhibited a relatively high thermostability, with measured half-lives of 24.75, 11.55, 4.15 and 3.30 h in the presence of Co2+ at 70, 75, 80 and 85 °C, respectively. Specific activities of 277.6, 57.9, 13.7 and 9.6 U mg-1 were measured when l-rhamnose, l-mannose, d-allose and l-fructose were used as substrates, respectively. l-Rhamnulose was produced with conversion ratios of 44.0% and 38.6% from 25 and 50 g L-1 l-rhamnose, respectively. l-Fructose was also efficiently produced by the L-RI, with conversion ratios of 67.0% and 58.4% from 25 and 50 g L-1 l-mannose, respectively. CONCLUSION The recombinant L-RI could effectively catalyze the formation of l-rhamnulose and l-fructose, suggesting that it was a promising candidate for industrial production of l-rhamnulose and l-fructose. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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de Sousa M, Manzo RM, García JL, Mammarella EJ, Gonçalves LRB, Pessela BC. Engineering the l-Arabinose Isomerase from Enterococcus Faecium for d-Tagatose Synthesis. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122164. [PMID: 29211024 PMCID: PMC6149694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Arabinose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.4) (l-AI) from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 was overproduced in Escherichia coli by designing a codon-optimized synthetic araA gene. Using this optimized gene, two N- and C-terminal His-tagged-l-AI proteins were produced. The cloning of the two chimeric genes into regulated expression vectors resulted in the production of high amounts of recombinant N-His-l-AI and C-His-l-AI in soluble and active forms. Both His-tagged enzymes were purified in a single step through metal-affinity chromatography and showed different kinetic and structural characteristics. Analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that C-His-l-AI was preferentially hexameric in solution, whereas N-His-l-AI was mainly monomeric. The specific activity of the N-His-l-AI at acidic pH was higher than that of C-His-l-AI and showed a maximum bioconversion yield of 26% at 50 °C for d-tagatose biosynthesis, with Km and Vmax parameters of 252 mM and 0.092 U mg-1, respectively. However, C-His-l-AI was more active and stable at alkaline pH than N-His-l-AI. N-His-l-AI follows a Michaelis-Menten kinetic, whereas C-His-l-AI fitted to a sigmoidal saturation curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylane de Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 709, Fortaleza-CE 60455-760, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo M Manzo
- Food and Biotechnology Engineering Group, Institute of Technological Development for the Chemical Industry, National University of the Litoral (UNL), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), RN 168 Km 472 "Paraje El Pozo" S/N, S3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - José L García
- Center for Biological Research, CIB, Higher Council for Scientific Research, CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique J Mammarella
- Food and Biotechnology Engineering Group, Institute of Technological Development for the Chemical Industry, National University of the Litoral (UNL), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), RN 168 Km 472 "Paraje El Pozo" S/N, S3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 709, Fortaleza-CE 60455-760, Brazil.
| | - Benevides C Pessela
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Research in Food Sciences, CIAL, Higher Council for Scientific Research, CSIC, C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, UAM Campus, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Sciences and Technology, Av. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, P.O. Box 1316, Talatona-Luanda Sul, Angola.
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Zhang Q, Jiang B, Zhang T, Duan Z. Deactivation kinetics and the effects of additives on storage stability and structure of D-psicose 3-epimerase. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 40:173-179. [PMID: 29038926 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore deactivation kinetics and the effects of some additives on the activity and conformational changes of D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) during its storage. RESULTS The experimental data of DPEase inactivation during storage at 4-45 °C fitted with the first-order expression model. The inactivation rate constants of DPEase stored at 4, 10, 25, 35 and 45 °C were 0.0076, 0.01, 0.0223, 0.0351 and 0.0605 day, respectively. A regression formula of half-lives as storage temperatures, ln t 1/2 = 4.7396/T × 103 - 12.536, was obtained. MnSO4 at 0.15 g l-1 enhanced the residual activity by 16% after 15 days and 17% after 30 days compared with control, but 2 g ascorbic acid l-1 reduced activity by 69 and 58% at the same time. In addition, 0.15 g MnSO4 l-1 and 20 g ethylene glycol l-1 maintained the secondary and tertiary structure of DPEase. CONCLUSIONS MnSO4 and ethylene glycol actively promoted the storage and conformational stability of DPEase. In contrast, ascorbic acid was disadvantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineer, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenhua Duan
- College of Food and Biological Engineer, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, China.
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17
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Zheng Z, Mei W, Xia M, He Q, Ouyang J. Rational Design of Bacillus coagulans NL01 l-Arabinose Isomerase and Use of Its F279I Variant in d-Tagatose Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4715-4721. [PMID: 28530095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
d-Tagatose is a prospective functional sweetener that can be produced by l-arabinose isomerase (AI) from d-galactose. To improve the activity of AI toward d-galactose, the AI of Bacillus coagulans was rationally designed on the basis of molecular modeling and docking. After alanine scanning and site-saturation mutagenesis, variant F279I that exhibited improved activity toward d-galactose was obtained. The optimal temperature and pH of F279I were determined to be 50 °C and 8.0, respectively. This variant possessed 1.4-fold catalytic efficiency compared with the wild-type (WT) enzyme. The recombinant Escherichia coli overexpressing F279I also showed obvious advantages over the WT in biotransformation. Under optimal conditions, 67.5 and 88.4 g L-1 d-tagatose could be produced from 150 and 250 g L-1 d-galactose, respectively, in 15 h. The biocatalyst constructed in this study presents a promising alternative for large-scale d-tagatose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wending Mei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
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Jayamuthunagai J, Gautam P, Srisowmeya G, Chakravarthy M. Biocatalytic production of D-tagatose: A potential rare sugar with versatile applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3430-3437. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1126550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Jayamuthunagai
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - P. Gautam
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - G. Srisowmeya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Chakravarthy
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
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Xu W, Fan C, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W. Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a Novel L-Arabinose Isomerase from the Psychrotolerant Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 58:695-706. [PMID: 27586234 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
L-Arabinose isomerase (L-AI, EC 5.3.1.4) catalyzes the isomerization between L-arabinose and L-ribulose, and most of the reported ones can also catalyze D-galactose to D-tagatose, except Bacillus subtilis L-AI. In this article, the L-AI from the psychrotolerant bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis ATCC 14393 was characterized. The enzyme showed no substrate specificity toward D-galactose, which was similar to B. subtilis L-AI but distinguished from other reported L-AIs. The araA gene encoding the P. haloplanktis L-AI was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant enzyme was purified by one-step nickel affinity chromatography . The enzyme displayed the maximal activity at 40 °C and pH 8.0, and showed more than 75 % of maximal activity from pH 7.5-9.0. Metal ion Mn2+ was required as optimum metal cofactor for activity simulation, but it did not play a significant role in thermostability improvement as reported previously. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K m), turnover number (k cat), and catalytic efficiency (k cat/K m) for substrate L-arabinose were measured to be 111.68 mM, 773.30/min, and 6.92/mM/min, respectively. The molecular docking results showed that the active site residues of P. haloplanktis L-AI could only immobilize L-arabinose and recognized it as substrate for isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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20
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Characterization of a novel thermostable l-rhamnose isomerase from Thermobacillus composti KWC4 and its application for production of d-allose. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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A single and two step isomerization process for d-tagatose and l-ribose bioproduction using l-arabinose isomerase and d-lyxose isomerase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 97:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Efficient biotransformation of d-fructose to d-mannose by a thermostable d-lyxose isomerase from Thermosediminibacter oceani. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Zhang W, Yu S, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W. Recent advances in d -allulose: Physiological functionalities, applications, and biological production. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Mei W, Wang L, Zang Y, Zheng Z, Ouyang J. Characterization of an L-arabinose isomerase from Bacillus coagulans NL01 and its application for D-tagatose production. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:55. [PMID: 27363468 PMCID: PMC4929721 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L-arabinose isomerase (AI) is a crucial catalyst for the biotransformation of D-galactose to D-tagatose. In previous reports, AIs from thermophilic bacterial strains had been wildly researched, but the browning reaction and by-products formed at high temperatures restricted their applications. By contrast, AIs from mesophilic Bacillus strains have some different features including lower optimal temperatures and lower requirements of metallic cofactors. These characters will be beneficial to the development of a more energy-efficient and safer production process. However, the relevant data about the kinetics and reaction properties of Bacillus AIs in D-tagatose production are still insufficient. Thus, in order to support further applications of these AIs, a comprehensive characterization of a Bacillus AI is needed. Results The coding gene (1422 bp) of Bacillus coagulans NL01 AI (BCAI) was cloned and overexpressed in the Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain. The enzymatic property test showed that the optimal temperature and pH of BCAI were 60 °C and 7.5 respectively. The raw purified BCAI originally showed high activity in absence of outsourcing metallic ions and its thermostability did not change in a low concentration (0.5 mM) of Mn2+ at temperatures from 70 °C to 90 °C. Besides these, the catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) for L-arabinose and D-galactose were 8.7 mM-1 min-1 and 1.0 mM-1 min-1 respectively. Under optimal conditions, the recombinant E. coli cell containing BCAI could convert 150 g L-1 and 250 g L-1 D-galactose to D-tagatose with attractive conversion rates of 32 % (32 h) and 27 % (48 h). Conclusions In this study, a novel AI from B. coagulans NL01was cloned, purified and characterized. Compared with other reported AIs, this AI could retain high proportions of activity at a broader range of temperatures and was less dependent on metallic cofactors such as Mn2+. Its substrate specificity was understood deeply by carrying out molecular modelling and docking studies. When the recombinant E. coli expressing the AI was used as a biocatalyst, D-tagatose could be produced efficiently in a simple one-pot biotransformation system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0286-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wending Mei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojuan Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Choi JM, Lee YJ, Cao TP, Shin SM, Park MK, Lee HS, di Luccio E, Kim SB, Lee SJ, Lee SJ, Lee SH, Lee DW. Structure of the thermophilic l-Arabinose isomerase from Geobacillus kaustophilus reveals metal-mediated intersubunit interactions for activity and thermostability. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 596:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Bioproduction of D-Tagatose from D-Galactose Using Phosphoglucose Isomerase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:715-27. [PMID: 26922727 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 phosphoglucose isomerase was purified as an active soluble form by a single-step purification using Ni-NTA chromatography that showed homogeneity on SDS-PAGE with molecular mass ∼62 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH for the maximum isomerization activity with D-galactose were 60 °C and 7.0, respectively. Generally, sugar phosphate isomerases show metal-independent activity but PA-PGI exhibited metal-dependent isomerization activity with aldosugars and optimally catalyzed the D-galactose isomerization in the presence of 1.0 mM MnCl2. The apparent Km and Vmax for D-galactose under standardized conditions were calculated to be 1029 mM (±31.30 with S.E.) and 5.95 U/mg (±0.9 with S.E.), respectively. Equilibrium reached after 180 min with production of 567.51 μM D-tagatose from 1000 mM of D-galactose. Though, the bioconversion ratio is low but it can be increased by immobilization and enzyme engineering. Although various L-arabinose isomerases have been characterized for bioproduction of D-tagatose, P. aeruginosa glucose phosphate isomerase is distinguished from the other L-arabinose isomerases by its optimal temperature (60 °C) for D-tagatose production being mesophilic bacteria, making it an alternate choice for bulk production.
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27
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Xu Z, Wang R, Liu C, Chi B, Gao J, Chen B, Xu H. A new l-arabinose isomerase with copper ion tolerance is suitable for creating protein–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers with enhanced enzyme activity and stability. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers were prepared using Cu2+, PBS buffer, and a copper ion tolerant l-arabinose isomerase that was derived from Paenibacillus polymyxa (PPAI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry
- Nanjing Tech University
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry
- Nanjing Tech University
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry
- Nanjing Tech University
| | - Bo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry
- Nanjing Tech University
| | - Jian Gao
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- China
| | | | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry
- Nanjing Tech University
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Abstract
The genus Geobacillus comprises a group of Gram-positive thermophilic bacteria, including obligate aerobes, denitrifiers, and facultative anaerobes that can grow over a range of 45-75°C. Originally classified as group five Bacillus spp., strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus came to prominence as contaminants of canned food and soon became the organism of choice for comparative studies of metabolism and enzymology between mesophiles and thermophiles. More recently, their catabolic versatility, particularly in the degradation of hemicellulose and starch, and rapid growth rates have raised their profile as organisms with potential for second-generation (lignocellulosic) biorefineries for biofuel or chemical production. The continued development of genetic tools to facilitate both fundamental investigation and metabolic engineering is now helping to realize this potential, for both metabolite production and optimized catabolism. In addition, this catabolic versatility provides a range of useful thermostable enzymes for industrial application. A number of genome-sequencing projects have been completed or are underway allowing comparative studies. These reveal a significant amount of genome rearrangement within the genus, the presence of large genomic islands encompassing all the hemicellulose utilization genes and a genomic island incorporating a set of long chain alkane monooxygenase genes. With G+C contents of 45-55%, thermostability appears to derive in part from the ability to synthesize protamine and spermine, which can condense DNA and raise its Tm.
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Evaluation of the cold-active Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis β-galactosidase enzyme for lactose hydrolysis in whey permeate as primary step of d-tagatose production. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Xu Z, Li S, Feng X, Liang J, Xu H. L-Arabinose isomerase and its use for biotechnological production of rare sugars. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8869-78. [PMID: 25280744 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
L-Arabinose isomerase (AI), a key enzyme in the microbial pentose phosphate pathway, has been regarded as an important biological catalyst in rare sugar production. This enzyme could isomerize L-arabinose into L-ribulose, as well as D-galactose into D-tagatose. Both the two monosaccharides show excellent commercial values in food and pharmaceutical industries. With the identification of novel AI family members, some of them have exhibited remarkable potential in industrial applications. The biological production processes for D-tagatose and L-ribose (or L-ribulose) using AI have been developed and improved in recent years. Meanwhile, protein engineering techniques involving rational design has effectively enhanced the catalytic properties of various AIs. Moreover, the crystal structure of AI has been disclosed, which sheds light on the understanding of AI structure and catalytic mechanism at molecular levels. This article reports recent developments in (i) novel AI screening, (ii) AI-mediated rare sugar production processes, (iii) molecular modification of AI, and (iv) structural biology study of AI. Based on previous reports, an analysis of the future development has also been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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Prabhu P, Doan TNT, Tiwari M, Singh R, Kim SC, Hong MK, Kang YC, Kang LW, Lee JK. Structure-based studies on the metal binding of two-metal-dependent sugar isomerases. FEBS J 2014; 281:3446-59. [PMID: 24925069 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Two-metal-dependent sugar isomerases are important in the synthesis of rare sugars. Many of their properties, specifically their metal dependency, have not been sufficiently explored. Here we used X-ray crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, isothermal titration calorimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the molecular determinants of the metal-binding affinity of l-rhamnose isomerase, a two-Mn(2+) -dependent isomerase from Bacillus halodurans (BHRI). The crystal structure of BHRI confirmed the presence of two metal ion-binding sites: a structural metal ion-binding site for substrate binding, and a catalytic metal ion-binding site that catalyzes a hydride shift. One conserved amino acid, W38, in wild-type BHRI was identified as a critical residue for structural Mn(2+) binding and thus the catalytic efficiency of BHRI. This function of W38 was explored by replacing it with other amino acids. Substitution by Phe, His, Lys, Ile or Ala caused complete loss of catalytic activity. The role of W38 was further examined by analyzing the crystal structure of wild-type BHRI and two inactive mutants of BHRI (W38F and W38A) in complex with Mn(2+) . A structural comparison of the mutants and the wild-type revealed differences in their coordination of Mn(2+) , including changes in metal-ligand bond length and affinity for Mn(2+) . The role of W38 was further confirmed in another two-metal-dependent enzyme: xylose isomerase from Bacillus licheniformis. These data suggest that W38 stabilizes protein-metal complexes and in turn assists ligand binding during catalysis in two-metal-dependent isomerases. STRUCTURED DIGITAL ABSTRACT BHRI and BHRI bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnandy Prabhu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim BJ, Hong SH, Shin KC, Jo YS, Oh DK. Characterization of a F280N variant of l-arabinose isomerase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans identified as a d-galactose isomerase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9271-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Current studies on sucrose isomerase and biological isomaltulose production using sucrose isomerase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6569-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Immobilization ofBacillus licheniformisL-Arabinose Isomerase for Semi-ContinuousL-Ribulose Production. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:2234-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Torres PR, Manzo RM, Rubiolo AC, Batista-Viera FD, Mammarella EJ. Purification of an l-arabinose isomerase from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 employing a biospecific affinity strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Fan C, Liu K, Zhang T, Zhou L, Xue D, Jiang B, Mu W. Biochemical characterization of a thermostable l-arabinose isomerase from a thermoacidophilic bacterium, Alicyclobacillus hesperidum URH17-3-68. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Lee YJ, Lee SJ, Kim SB, Lee SJ, Lee SH, Lee DW. Structural insights into conservedl-arabinose metabolic enzymes reveal the substrate binding site of a thermophilicl-arabinose isomerase. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1064-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Characterization of a thermophilic l-arabinose isomerase from Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum NTOU1. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Cao TP, Choi JM, Lee SJ, Lee YJ, Lee SK, Jun Y, Lee DW, Lee SH. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of L-arabinose isomerase from thermophilic Geobacillus kaustophilus. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2014; 70:108-12. [PMID: 24419630 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x13033724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
L-arabinose isomerase (AI), which catalyzes the isomerization of L-arabinose to L-ribulose, can also convert D-galactose to D-tagatose, a natural sugar replacer, which is of commercial interest in the food and healthcare industries. Intriguingly, mesophilic and thermophilic AIs showed different substrate preferences and metal requirements in catalysis and different thermostabilities. However, the catalytic mechanism of thermophilic AIs still remains unclear. Therefore, thermophilic Geobacillus kaustophilus AI (GKAI) was overexpressed, purified and crystallized, and a preliminary X-ray diffraction data set was obtained. Diffraction data were collected from a GKAI crystal to 2.70 Å resolution. The crystal belonged to the monoclinic space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 224.12, b = 152.95, c = 91.28 Å, β = 103.61°. The asymmetric unit contained six molecules, with a calculated Matthews coefficient of 2.25 Å(3) Da(-1) and a solvent content of 45.39%. The three-dimensional structure determination of GKAI is currently in progress by molecular replacement and model building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh-Phat Cao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seo-suk dong, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Myung Choi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seo-suk dong, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jae Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jik Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Keun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Jun
- Bio-Imaging and Cell Dynamics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Haeng Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, 375 Seo-suk dong, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Men Y, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Kang Z, Izumori K, Sun Y, Ma Y. Enzymatic conversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose: cloning, overexpression and characterization of L-arabinose isomerase from Pediococcus pentosaceus PC-5. Microbiol Res 2013; 169:171-8. [PMID: 23948501 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding L-arabinose isomerase from food-grade strain Pediococcus pentosaceus PC-5 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was purified and characterized. It was optimally active at 50 °C and pH 6.0. Furthermore, this enzyme exhibited a weak requirement for metallic ions for its maximal activity evaluated at 0.6 mM Mn(2+) or 0.8 mM Co(2+). Interestingly, this enzyme was distinguished from other L-AIs, it could not use L-arabinose as its substrate. In addition, a three-dimensional structure of L-AI was built by homology modeling and L-arabinose and D-galactose were docked into the active site pocket of PPAI model to explain the interaction between L-AI and its substrate. The purified P. pentosaceus PC-5 L-AI converted D-galactose into D-tagatose with a high conversion rate of 52% after 24 h at 50 °C, suggesting its excellent potential in D-tagatose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Men
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yueming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhenkui Kang
- Shanxi Tianjiao Biological Co., Ltd, Shanxin 030006, China
| | - Ken Izumori
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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42
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Zhang W, Fang D, Xing Q, Zhou L, Jiang B, Mu W. Characterization of a novel metal-dependent D-psicose 3-epimerase from Clostridium scindens 35704. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62987. [PMID: 23646168 PMCID: PMC3639893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The noncharacterized protein CLOSCI_02528 from Clostridium scindens ATCC 35704 was characterized as D-psicose 3-epimerase. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 60°C. The half-life of the enzyme at 50°C was 108 min, suggesting the enzyme was relatively thermostable. It was strictly metal-dependent and required Mn2+ as optimum cofactor for activity. In addition, Mn2+ improved the structural stability during both heat- and urea-induced unfolding. Using circular dichroism measurements, the apparent melting temperature (Tm) and the urea midtransition concentration (Cm) of metal-free enzyme were 64.4°C and 2.68 M. By comparison, the Mn2+-bound enzyme showed higher Tm and Cm with 67.3°C and 5.09 M. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), turnover number (kcat), and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) values for substrate D-psicose were estimated to be 28.3 mM, 1826.8 s−1, and 64.5 mM−1 s−1, respectively. The enzyme could effectively produce D-psicose from D-fructose with the turnover ratio of 28%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingchao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leon Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- Roquette America, Keokuk, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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43
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Characterization of an L-Arabinose Isomerase from Bacillus thermoglucosidasius for D-Tagatose Production. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:385-8. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Homologous Alkalophilic and Acidophilic L-Arabinose isomerases reveal region-specific contributions to the pH dependence of activity and stability. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:8813-6. [PMID: 23001647 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02114-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the pH dependence of l-arabinose isomerase (AI) activity and stability, we compared homologous AIs with their chimeras. This study demonstrated that an ionizable amino acid near the catalytic site determines the optimal pH (pH(opt)) for activity, whereas the N-terminal surface R residues play an important role in determining the pH(opt) for stability.
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45
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Wanarska M, Kur J. A method for the production of D-tagatose using a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain secreting β-D-galactosidase from Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus and a recombinant L-arabinose isomerase from Arthrobacter sp. 22c. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:113. [PMID: 22917022 PMCID: PMC3520711 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background D-Tagatose is a natural monosaccharide which can be used as a low-calorie sugar substitute in food, beverages and pharmaceutical products. It is also currently being tested as an anti-diabetic and obesity control drug. D-Tagatose is a rare sugar, but it can be manufactured by the chemical or enzymatic isomerization of D-galactose obtained by a β-D-galactosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of milk sugar lactose and the separation of D-glucose and D-galactose. L-Arabinose isomerases catalyze in vitro the conversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose and are the most promising enzymes for the large-scale production of D-tagatose. Results In this study, the araA gene from psychrotolerant Antarctic bacterium Arthrobacter sp. 22c was isolated, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The active form of recombinant Arthrobacter sp. 22c L-arabinose isomerase consists of six subunits with a combined molecular weight of approximately 335 kDa. The maximum activity of this enzyme towards D-galactose was determined as occurring at 52°C; however, it exhibited over 60% of maximum activity at 30°C. The recombinant Arthrobacter sp. 22c L-arabinose isomerase was optimally active at a broad pH range of 5 to 9. This enzyme is not dependent on divalent metal ions, since it was only marginally activated by Mg2+, Mn2+ or Ca2+ and slightly inhibited by Co2+ or Ni2+. The bioconversion yield of D-galactose to D-tagatose by the purified L-arabinose isomerase reached 30% after 36 h at 50°C. In this study, a recombinant Pichia pastoris yeast strain secreting β-D-galactosidase Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus was also constructed. During cultivation of this strain in a whey permeate, lactose was hydrolyzed and D-glucose was metabolized, whereas D-galactose was accumulated in the medium. Moreover, cultivation of the P. pastoris strain secreting β-D-galactosidase in a whey permeate supplemented with Arthrobacter sp. 22c L-arabinose isomerase resulted in a 90% yield of lactose hydrolysis, the complete utilization of D-glucose and a 30% conversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose. Conclusions The method developed for the simultaneous hydrolysis of lactose, utilization of D-glucose and isomerization of D-galactose using a P. pastoris strain secreting β-D-galactosidase and recombinant L-arabinose isomerase seems to offer an interesting alternative for the production of D-tagatose from lactose-containing feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wanarska
- Department of Microbiology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland.
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46
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Salonen N, Nyyssölä A, Salonen K, Turunen O. Bifidobacterium longum l-Arabinose Isomerase—Overexpression in Lactococcus lactis, Purification, and Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:392-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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47
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Zhou X, Wu JC. Heterologous expression and characterization of Bacillus coagulans L-arabinose isomerase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2205-12. [PMID: 22806043 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans has been of great commercial interest over the past decade owing to its strong ability of producing optical pure L: -lactic acid from both hexose and pentose sugars including L: -arabinose with high yield, titer and productivity under thermophilic conditions. The L: -arabinose isomerase (L-AI) from Bacillus coagulans was heterologously over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The open reading frame of the L-AI has 1,422 nucleotides encoding a protein with 474 amino acid residues. The recombinant L-AI was purified to homogeneity by one-step His-tag affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 56 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was most active at 70°C and pH 7.0. The metal ion Mn(2+) was shown to be the best activator for enzymatic activity and thermostability. The enzyme showed higher activity at acidic pH than at alkaline pH. The kinetic studies showed that the K (m), V (max) and k (cat)/K (m) for the conversion of L: -arabinose were 106 mM, 84 U/mg and 34.5 mM(-1)min(-1), respectively. The equilibrium ratio of L: -arabinose to L: -ribulose was 78:22 under optimal conditions. L: -ribulose (97 g/L) was obtained from 500 g/l of L: -arabinose catalyzed by the enzyme (8.3 U/mL) under the optimal conditions within 1.5 h, giving at a substrate conversion of 19.4% and a production rate of 65 g L(-1) h(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingding Zhou
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
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48
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Hong YH, Lee DW, Pyun YR, Lee SH. Creation of metal-independent hyperthermophilic L-arabinose isomerase by homologous recombination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12939-12947. [PMID: 22103589 DOI: 10.1021/jf203897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermophilic L-arabinose isomerases (AIs) are useful in the commercial production of D-tagatose as a low-calorie bulk sweetener. Their catalysis and thermostability are highly dependent on metals, which is a major drawback in food applications. To study the role of metal ions in the thermostability and catalysis of hyperthermophilic AI, four enzyme chimeras were generated by PCR-based hybridization to replace the variable N- and C-terminal regions of hyperthermophilic Thermotoga maritima AI (TMAI) and thermophilic Geobacillus stearothermophilus AI (GSAI) with those of the homologous mesophilic Bacillus halodurans AI (BHAI). Unlike Mn(2+)-dependent TMAI, the GSAI- and TMAI-based hybrids with the 72 C-terminal residues of BHAI were not metal-dependent for catalytic activity. By contrast, the catalytic activities of the TMAI- and GSAI-based hybrids containing the N-terminus (residues 1-89) of BHAI were significantly enhanced by metals, but their thermostabilities were poor even in the presence of Mn(2+), indicating that the effects of metals on catalysis and thermostability involve different structural regions. Moreover, in contrast to the C-terminal truncate (Δ20 residues) of GSAI, the N-terminal truncate (Δ7 residues) exhibited no activity due to loss of its native structure. The data thus strongly suggest that the metal dependence of the catalysis and thermostability of hyperthermophilic AIs evolved separately to optimize their activity and thermostability at elevated temperatures. This may provide effective target regions for engineering, thereby meeting industrial demands for the production of d-tagatose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Hong
- CJ Foods R & D, CJ Cheiljedang Corporation, Seoul 100-749, Korea
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49
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Rhimi M, Bajic G, Ilhammami R, Boudebbouze S, Maguin E, Haser R, Aghajari N. The acid-tolerant L-arabinose isomerase from the mesophilic Shewanella sp. ANA-3 is highly active at low temperatures. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:96. [PMID: 22074172 PMCID: PMC3248863 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L-arabinose isomerases catalyse the isomerization of L-arabinose into L-ribulose at insight biological systems. At industrial scale of this enzyme is used for the bioconversion of D-galactose into D-tagatose which has many applications in pharmaceutical and agro-food industries. The isomerization reaction is thermodynamically equilibrated, and therefore the bioconversion rates is shifted towards tagatose when the temperature is increased. Moreover, to prevent secondary reactions it will be of interest to operate at low pH. The profitability of this D-tagatose production process is mainly related to the use of lactose as cheaper raw material. In many dairy products it will be interesting to produce D-tagatose during storage. This requires an efficient L-arabinose isomerase acting at low temperature and pH values. Results The gene encoding the L-arabinose isomerase from Shewanella sp. ANA-3 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified protein has a tetrameric arrangement composed by four identical 55 kDa subunits. The biochemical characterization of this enzyme showed that it was distinguishable by its maximal activity at low temperatures comprised between 15-35°C. Interestingly, this biocatalyst preserves more than 85% of its activity in a broad range of temperatures from 4.0 to 45°C. Shewanella sp. ANA-3 L-arabinose isomerase was also optimally active at pH 5.5-6.5 and maintained over 80% of its activity at large pH values from 4.0 to 8.5. Furthermore, this enzyme exhibited a weak requirement for metallic ions for its activity evaluated at 0.6 mM Mn2+. Stability studies showed that this protein is highly stable mainly at low temperature and pH values. Remarkably, T268K mutation clearly enhances the enzyme stability at low pH values. Use of this L-arabinose isomerase for D-tagatose production allows the achievement of attractive bioconversion rates of 16% at 4°C and 34% at 35°C. Conclusions Here we reported the purification and the biochemical characterization of the novel Shewanella sp. ANA-3 L-arabinose isomerase. Determination of the biochemical properties demonstrated that this enzyme was highly active at low temperatures. The generated T268K mutant displays an increase of the enzyme stability essentially at low pH. These features seem to be very attractive for the bioconversion of D-galactose into D-tagatose at low temperature which is very interesting from industrial point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moez Rhimi
- Laboratory for BioCrystallography and Structural Biology of Therapeutic Targets, Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux, UMR5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon1, 7 Passage du Vercors, Lyon cedex 07, France.
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50
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Xu Z, Qing Y, Li S, Feng X, Xu H, Ouyang P. A novel l-arabinose isomerase from Lactobacillus fermentum CGMCC2921 for d-tagatose production: Gene cloning, purification and characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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