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Shin JH, Lee Y, Song EJ, Lee D, Jang SY, Byeon HR, Hong MG, Lee SN, Kim HJ, Seo JG, Jun DW, Nam YD. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii prevents hepatic damage in a mouse model of NASH induced by a high-fructose high-fat diet. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123547. [PMID: 37007480 PMCID: PMC10060964 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. A dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with the pathophysiology of NASH, and probiotics have proven helpful in its treatment and prevention. Although both traditional and next-generation probiotics have the potential to alleviate various diseases, studies that observe the therapeutic effect of next-generation probiotics on NASH are lacking. Therefore, we investigated whether a next-generation probiotic candidate, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, contributed to the mitigation of NASH.MethodsIn this study, we conducted 16S rRNA sequencing analyses in patients with NASH and healthy controls. To test F. prausnitzii could alleviate NASH symptoms, we isolated four F. prausnitzii strains (EB-FPDK3, EB-FPDK9, EB-FPDK11, and EB-FPYYK1) from fecal samples collected from four healthy individuals. Mice were maintained on a high-fructose high-fat diet for 16 weeks to induce a NASH model and received oral administration of the bacterial strains. Changes in characteristic NASH phenotypes were assessed via oral glucose tolerance tests, biochemical assays, and histological analyses.Results16S rRNA sequencing analyses confirmed that the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii reduced significantly in patients with NASH compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). In the NASH mice, F. prausnitzii supplementation improved glucose homeostasis, prevented hepatic lipid accumulation, curbed liver damage and fibrosis, restored damaged gut barrier functions, and alleviated hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation. Furthermore, real-time PCR assays documented that the four F. prausnitzii strains regulated the expression of genes related to hepatic steatosis in these mice.DiscussionOur study, therefore, confirms that the administration of F. prausnitzii bacteria can alleviate NASH symptoms. We propose that F. prausnitzii has the potential to contribute to the next-generation probiotic treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Shin
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonmi Lee
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyung Lee
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yul Jang
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Byeon
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Hong
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Nam Lee
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Seo
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae-Gu Seo,
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Dae Won Jun,
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Young-Do Nam,
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Byeon HR, Jang SY, Lee Y, Kim D, Hong MG, Lee D, Shin JH, Seo JG. New Strains of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are Effective for Improving the Muscle Strength of Mice with Immobilization-Induced Muscular Atrophy. J Med Food 2022; 25:565-575. [PMID: 35708632 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular atrophy is a muscle disease in which muscle mass and strength decrease due to aging, injury, metabolic disorders, or chronic conditions. Proteins in muscle tissue are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and atrophy accelerates this pathway. Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains are effective agents against metabolic and inflammatory diseases in next-generation probiotic research. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of A. muciniphila strain EB-AMDK19 and F. prausnitzii strain EB-FPDK11 in a mouse model of muscular atrophy, since atrophy inhibits energy metabolism and immune activation. After oral administration of each strain for 4 weeks, the hind legs of the mice were fixed with a plaster cast to immobilize them for a week. As a result, the administration of EB-AMDK19 and EB-FPDK11 strains improved grip strength but did not increase muscle mass. At the molecular level, A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii treatments decreased the expression levels of ubiquitin-proteasome genes, atrogin-1, MuRF, and cathepsin L. They increased the expression level of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory gene, PGC-1α. The effect of the strains was confirmed by a decrease in myostatin. Furthermore, A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii modulated the immune function by enhancing ZO-1 and inhibiting IL-6. In particular, EB-AMDK19 promoted the expression of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results suggest that A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii may have beneficial effects on muscular atrophy, verified by newly isolated EB-AMDK19 and EB-FPDK11 as potential next-generation probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Byeon
- Efficacy Assessment Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Seo-Yul Jang
- Efficacy Assessment Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Yoonmi Lee
- Efficacy Assessment Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Dohak Kim
- Strain Development Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Hong
- Strain Development Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Dokyung Lee
- Strain Development Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Shin
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Seo
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
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Lee Y, Byeon HR, Jang SY, Hong MG, Kim D, Lee D, Shin JH, Kim Y, Kang SG, Seo JG. Oral administration of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila strains from humans improves atopic dermatitis symptoms in DNCB induced NC/Nga mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7324. [PMID: 35513696 PMCID: PMC9072367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease, and its pathogenesis is closely associated with microbial homeostasis in the gut, namely the gut-skin axis. Particularly, recent metagenomics studies revealed that the abundance of two major bacterial species in the gut, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila, may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD, but the effect of these species in AD has not yet been elucidated. To evaluate the potential beneficial effect of F. prausnitzii or A. muciniphila in AD, we conducted an animal model study where F. prausnitzii EB-FPDK11 or A. muciniphila EB-AMDK19, isolated from humans, was orally administered to 2,5-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD models using NC/Nga mice at a daily dose of 108 CFUs/mouse for six weeks. As a result, the administration of each strain of F. prausnitzii and A. muciniphila improved AD-related markers, such as dermatitis score, scratching behavior, and serum immunoglobulin E level. Also, the F. prausnitzii and A. muciniphila treatments decreased the level of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), triggering the production of T helper (Th) 2 cytokines, and improved the imbalance between the Th1 and Th2 immune responses induced by DNCB. Meanwhile, the oral administration of the bacteria enhanced the production of filaggrin in the skin and ZO-1 in the gut barrier, leading to the recovery of functions. Taken together, our findings suggest that F. prausnitzii EB-FPDK11 and A. muciniphila EB-AMDK19 have a therapeutic potential in AD, which should be verified in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonmi Lee
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Byeon
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Korea
| | - Seo-Yul Jang
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Hong
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Korea
| | - Dohak Kim
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Korea
| | - Dokyung Lee
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Shin
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Korea
| | - Yesol Kim
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Kang
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Seo
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Korea.
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Hong MG, Yoo SH, Lee BH. Effect of highly branched α-glucans synthesized by dual glycosyltransferases on the glucose release rate. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:119016. [PMID: 34973805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing α-1,6 linkages in starch molecules generates a large amount of α-limit dextrins (α-LDx) during α-amylolysis, which decelerate the release of glucose at the intestinal α-glucosidase level. This study synthesized highly branched α-glucans from sucrose using Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase and Rhodothermus obamensis glycogen branching enzyme to enhance those of slowly digestible property. The synthesized α-glucans (Mw: 1.7-4.9 × 107 g mol-1) were mainly composed of α-1,4 linkages and large proportions of α-1,6 linkages (7.5%-9.9%). After treating the enzymatically synthesized α-glucans with the human α-amylase, the quantity of branched α-LDx (36.2%-46.7%) observed was higher than that for amylopectin (26.8%) and oyster glycogen (29.1%). When the synthetic α-glucans were hydrolyzed by mammalin α-glucosidases, the glucose generation rate decreased because the amount of embedded branched α-LDx increased. Therefore, the macro-sized branched α-glucans with high α-LDx has the potential to be used as slowly digestible material to attenuate postprandial glycemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Gi Hong
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Shim YE, Lee ES, Hong MG, Kim DK, Lee BH. Highly branched α-limit dextrins attenuate the glycemic response and stimulate the secretion of satiety hormone peptide YY. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jung YS, Hong MG, Park SH, Lee BH, Yoo SH. Biocatalytic Fabrication of α-Glucan-Coated Porous Starch Granules by Amylolytic and Glucan-Synthesizing Enzymes as a Target-Specific Delivery Carrier. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4143-4149. [PMID: 31556605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we created biocatalytically coated porous starch granules (PSGs) using amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea to apply them as an encapsulant for target-specific delivery. Field-emission scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopic images showed that the PSGs were completely concealed by the α-glucan coating layer. This carbohydrate-based encapsulant displayed higher amount of resistant glucan contents due to the elongated chains of the glucan coating, resulting in lower digestibility of these PSGs in simulated digestive fluid systems. Among the various PSGs evaluated, the highest loading efficiency for the bioactive molecule crocin was observed with the β-amylase-induced PSGs (β-PSGs) that had the smallest nanosize pores. Furthermore, α-glucan-coated β-PSGs showed the highest capacity to preserve the loaded crocin when incubated in simulated digestive fluids. This suggests that the α-glucan-coated β-PSGs can potentially be used for the delayed release of the core material in the upper region of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, this system can be potentially utilized as an effective carrier for colon-specific delivery, and the release of the bioactive compound can be triggered by beneficial intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Seul Jung
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Hong
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology , Gachon University , Seongnam 13120 , Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hee Park
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology , Gachon University , Seongnam 13120 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Republic of Korea
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Nguyen TK, Hong MG, Chang PS, Lee BH, Yoo SH. Biochemical properties of L-arabinose isomerase from Clostridium hylemonae to produce D-tagatose as a functional sweetener. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196099. [PMID: 29684065 PMCID: PMC5912747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
d-Tagatose has gained substantial interest due to its potential functionalities as a sucrose substitute. In this study, the gene araA, encoding l-arabinose isomerase (l-AI) from Clostridium hylemonae (DSM 15053), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). This gene consists of 1,506 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 501 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 56,554 Da. Since l-AI was expressed as an intracellular inclusion body, this enzyme was solubilized with guanidine hydrochloride, refolded, and activated with a descending concentration gradient of urea. The purified enzyme exhibited the greatest activity at 50°C, pH 7-7.5, and required 1 mM of Mg2+ as a cofactor. Notably, the catalytic efficiency (3.69 mM-1sec-1) of l-AI from C. hylemonae on galactose was significantly greater than that of other previously reported enzymes. The bioconversion yield of d-tagatose using the C. hylemonae l-arabinose isomerase at 60°C reached approximately 46% from 10 mM of d-galactose after 2 h. From these results, it is suggested that the l-arabinose isomerase from C. hylemonae could be utilized as a potential enzyme for d-tagatose production due to its high conversion yield at an industrially competitive temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Kieu Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Hong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SHY); (BHL)
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SHY); (BHL)
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Chiasson BJ, Hong MG, Robertson HA. Intra-amygdala infusion of an end-capped antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to c-fos accelerates amygdala kindling. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1998; 57:248-56. [PMID: 9675423 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(98)00090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The changes produced by repeated stimulation of the brain that result in the kindling effect remain unknown. It is known, however, that activation of immediate early genes including c-fos is a very early event in the development of kindling. Here we show that c-fos expression in the amygdala can be knocked-down by an end-capped antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (but not by vehicle, or control antisense oligodeoxynucleotides) and that this results in an acceleration of kindling. These results suggest that, at least in the amygdala, the expression of c-fos is associated with an attempt by the brain to retard the development of kindling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Chiasson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Chiasson BJ, Hong MG, Robertson HA. Putative roles for the inducible transcription factor c-fos in the central nervous system: studies with antisense oligonucleotides. Neurochem Int 1997; 31:459-75. [PMID: 9246687 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-0186(96)00115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although immediate-early genes such as c-fos are widely believed to play an important role in neuroplasticity, there is limited evidence to support involvement in the initiation of molecular events leading to medium- and long-term changes in brain function following a stimulus. Results using techniques such as transgenic knockout of the gene are often difficult to interpret. Antisense oligonucleotide technology offers an alternative. Infusion of antisense oligonucleotide to modify the expression of c-fos in the brain results in dramatic changes in rotation behaviour in animals challenged with psychostimulant drugs such as amphetamine. Similarly, the knockdown of c-fos expression using antisense oligonucleotides can also alter the rate of amygdala kindling in response to electrical stimulation of the brain. While studies using antisense oligonucleotides to knockdown c-fos expression provide evidence that the expression of c-fos plays an important role in regulating neuronal function, the use of antisense nucleotides has limitations and experiments must be very carefully controlled. Many details of antisense oligonucleotide actions remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Chiasson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hong MG, Jiang SY, Wang J. [The dynamic changes in glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde level in experimental traumatic cataract in rabbit]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 1994; 30:379-81. [PMID: 7805545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level of experimental traumatic cataract in rabbit were determined at various intervals after needling. GSH-PX activities decreased in the lens after perforated trauma from 8 hours to 21 days, meanwhile the MDA level increased markedly. The results demonstrate that free radicals are involved in the formation of traumatic cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei
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