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Pagare PP, McGinn M, Ghatge MS, Shekhar V, Alhashimi RT, Daniel Pierce B, Abdulmalik O, Zhang Y, Safo MK. The antisickling agent, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural: Other potential pharmacological applications. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38842004 DOI: 10.1002/med.22062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
For the last two decades, the aromatic aldehyde 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF) has been the subject of several investigations for its pharmacologic potential. In 2004, the Safo group reported that 5-HMF has potent antisickling activity by targeting and ameliorating the primary pathophysiology of hypoxia-induced sickling of erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBC]). Following the encouraging outcome of the preclinical and phase I/II clinical studies of 5-HMF for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD), there have been multiple studies suggesting 5-HMF has several other biological or pharmacologic activities, including anti-allergic, antioxidant, anti-hypoxic, anti-ischemic, cognitive improvement, anti-tyrosinase, anti-proliferation, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. The wide range of its effects makes 5-HMF a potential candidate for treating a variety of diseases including cognitive disorders, gout, allergic disorders, anemia, hypoxia, cancers, ischemia, hemorrhagic shock, liver fibrosis, and oxidative injury. Several of these therapeutic claims are currently under investigation and, while promising, vary in terms of the strength of their evidence. This review presents the research regarding the therapeutic potential of 5-HMF in addition to its sources, physicochemical properties, safety, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyusha P Pagare
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mina McGinn
- The Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mohini S Ghatge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- The Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Vibha Shekhar
- The Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rana T Alhashimi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- The Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - B Daniel Pierce
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- The Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Martin K Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- The Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Bin-Jumah M, Othman SI, Khafaga AF, Shaheen HM, Samak D, Shehata AM, Allam AA, Abd El-Hack ME. The Toxicological Aspects of the Heat-Borne Toxicant 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Animals: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E1941. [PMID: 32331408 PMCID: PMC7221839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of adverse reactions in food is very low, however, some food products contain toxins formed naturally due to their handling, processing and storage conditions. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (HMF) can be formed by hydrogenation of sugar substances in some of manufactured foodstuffs and honey under elevated temperatures and reduced pH conditions following Maillard reactions. In previous studies, it was found that HMF was responsible for harmful (mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibitory) effects on human health. HMF occurs in a wide variety of food products like dried fruit, juice, caramel products, coffee, bakery, malt and vinegar. The formation of HMF is not only an indicator of food storage conditions and quality, but HMF could also be used as an indicator of the potential occurrence of contamination during heat-processing of some food products such as coffee, milk, honey and processed fruits. This review focuses on HMF formation and summarizes the adverse effects of HMF on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (M.B.-J.); (S.I.O.)
| | - Sarah I. Othman
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (M.B.-J.); (S.I.O.)
| | - Asmaa F. Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt;
| | - Hazem M. Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Dalia Samak
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Abdelrazeq M. Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
- Department of Dairy Science & Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ahmed A. Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt;
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Elmaoğulları S, Kadan E, Anadol E, Gökçeoğlu A, Çetinkaya S, Yarım GF, Uçaktürk SA, Aycan Z. Effects of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural on Pubertal Development of Female Wistar Rats. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 12:79-85. [PMID: 31475510 PMCID: PMC7127893 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is formed when sugars are heated in the presence of amino acids. HMF is naturally present in many foods. To investigate the toxic effects of HMF on the reproductive system of peripubertal rats. METHODS In the study, 24 immature female Wistar rat were divided into three groups: control (CT) fed with no HMF; low dose fed with 750 mg/kg/day of HMF and high dose (HD) groups fed with 1500 mg/kg/day of HMF. All groups received these diets for three weeks from postnatal day (PND) 21. The vaginal opening (VO) was monitored daily and euthanasia occurred on PND 44. Gonadotropin, estradiol (E2), progesterone and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations were measured. Reproductive organ weights and ovarian follicle counts were compared. RESULTS The HD HMF group had earlier VO. Higher mean luteinising hormone (2.9±1.2 vs 1.3±0.3 mIU/mL) and mean E2 (34.7±8.8 vs 21.2±3.9 pg/mL) and lower mean AMH (2.7±0.5 vs 4.7±0.7 ng/mL) concentrations were found in the HD compared to the CT group. The HD group also had increased number of secondary atrophic follicles. CONCLUSION These results indicate that peripubertal exposure to HMF at HD result in precocious puberty and decreased AMH levels in female Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Elmaoğulları
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Children Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Children Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 532 580 88 62 E-mail:
| | - Elçin Kadan
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elvan Anadol
- Gazi University, Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Researches Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayris Gökçeoğlu
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Children Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gül Fatma Yarım
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Seyit Ahmet Uçaktürk
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Children Diseases Hematology and Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Aycan
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Children Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhao Q, Ou J, Huang C, Qiu R, Wang Y, Liu F, Zheng J, Ou S. Absorption of 1-Dicysteinethioacetal-5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Rats and Its Effect on Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11451-11458. [PMID: 30303013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of a 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)-cysteine adduct, 1-dicysteinethioacetal-5-hydroxymethylfurfural (DCH), and its effect on antioxidant activity and gut microbiota were investigated. Results indicated that DCH is more easily absorbed in rats than HMF. Serum DCH concentrations were 15-38-fold of HMF concentrations from 30 to 180 min after intragastrical administration at the level of 100 mg/kg of body weight, and 2.7-4.5% of absorbed DCH was converted to HMF. The malondialdehyde content in the plasma, heart, liver, and kidneys significantly increased after drug (100 mg/kg of bw) administration for 1 week, suggesting that HMF and DCH were oxidative-stress-inducing agents, instead of antioxidant agents, in rats. HMF and DCH also modulated gut microbiota. HMF promoted the growth of Lactobacillus, Tyzzerella, Enterobacter, and Streptococcus. DCH increased the ratio of Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes and promoted the growth of Akkermansia, Shigella, and Escherichia while inhibiting the growth of Lactobacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhu Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Juanying Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
- Food and Nutritional Science Program, School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Pok Fu Lam , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Qiu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , People's Republic of China
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Shapla UM, Solayman M, Alam N, Khalil MI, Gan SH. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels in honey and other food products: effects on bees and human health. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:35. [PMID: 29619623 PMCID: PMC5884753 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An organic compound known as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is formed from reducing sugars in honey and various processed foods in acidic environments when they are heated through the Maillard reaction. In addition to processing, storage conditions affect the formation HMF, and HMF has become a suitable indicator of honey quality. HMF is easily absorbed from food through the gastrointestinal tract and, upon being metabolized into different derivatives, is excreted via urine. In addition to exerting detrimental effects (mutagenic, genotoxic, organotoxic and enzyme inhibitory), HMF, which is converted to a non-excretable, genotoxic compound called 5-sulfoxymethylfurfural, is beneficial to human health by providing antioxidative, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypoxic, anti-sickling, and anti-hyperuricemic effects. Therefore, HMF is a neo-forming contaminant that draws great attention from scientists. This review compiles updated information regarding HMF formation, detection procedures, mitigation strategies and effects of HMF on honey bees and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummay Mahfuza Shapla
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Bio-medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Solayman
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Bio-medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh. .,Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, Banani, 1213, Bangladesh.
| | - Nadia Alam
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Md Ibrahim Khalil
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Bio-medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.,School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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