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Laursen BW, Bogh SA, Sørensen TJ. Long fluorescence lifetime triangulenium dyes in imaging and fluorescence polarization assay. Methods Enzymol 2020; 640:249-265. [PMID: 32560801 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of new fluorescent dyes-new fluorochromes-has a large potential to improve the established methods in enzymology, by empowering both detection capability and the scope of the individual method. Unfortunately, there are huge barriers when adopting new improved fluorescent dyes in established methods. The dyes have to be generally available, protocols for labeling and analysis must be in place, and the field has to be aware how the new improved dye can enhance their method of choice. In this chapter, we will address these issues for the triangulenium dyes. A class of dyes that has a long fluorescence lifetime and emission in the red. A unique combination that opens up new possibilities for the study of protein rotational motion, when developing fluorescence polarization (FP) assays, and for all time-resolved imaging or analysis platforms. To make these dyes generally available, the features of the long fluorescence lifetime triangulenium dyes are described and an optimized labelling protocol are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel A Bogh
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Sørensen TJ, Faulkner S. Multimetallic Lanthanide Complexes: Using Kinetic Control To Define Complex Multimetallic Arrays. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2493-2501. [PMID: 30222311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kinetically inert lanthanide complexes are proving to be highly effective building blocks for the preparation of complex heterometallic architectures, allowing complete control of metal ion domains, which cannot be achieved under thermodynamic control. Kinetic stability may render perceivable labile coordination bonds more durable than several types of covalent interactions. For complexes in clinical use, the significance of kinetic stability cannot be overstated, and this Account treats the topic accordingly. Kinetically inert complexes can be used as building blocks for elaborate synthesis. For instance, it is now possible to prepare heterometallic lanthanide complexes containing two or more different lanthanide ions by linking kinetically robust complexes together. This approach can yield bimetallic (f-f' or d-f) and trimetallic (f-f'-f″) lanthanide complexes. In this Account, we describe our studies exploiting the slow dissociation of lanthanide complexes derived from 1,4,7,10-tetraazadodecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) related ligands to link complexes together through synthetic manipulation of pendent groups on the ligand skeleton or through coordination of bridging donor groups to a d-block metal center. In the course of this work, we have developed a variety of such methods, ranging from peptide coupling and diazotization to Ugi and click chemistry and have also explored the use of alternative strategies that combine orthogonal protecting group chemistry with sequential complexation of different lanthanide ions or that use self-assembly to deliver well-defined multimetallic systems. These well-defined bimetallic systems also have considerable scope for exploitation. Since the earliest studies, it has been clear that there is potential for application in the burgeoning field of molecular imaging. Heterometallic lanthanide complexes can be used as single-molecule bimodal imaging agents through incorporation of MRI active and luminescent components. Alternatively, conventional luminescence methods can be exploited in conjunction with lanthanide luminescence. In the simplest cases, a single lanthanide can be used to achieve a switchable response in combination with a transition metal complex. Bimetallic f-f' complexes allow the full potential of the approach to be realized in systems in which one lanthanide responds to changes in the concentration of an analyte, while a second lanthanide center can be used to define the concentration of the probe itself. This offers a new solution to the old dichotomy of ratiometric imaging that can potentially be applied widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Stephen Faulkner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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3
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Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, DNA/BSA binding, DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity studies of phenanthroline based copper(II)/zinc(II) complexes. Biometals 2017; 30:575-587. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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4
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Wang Q, Yang L, Wu J, Wang H, Song J, Tang X. Four mononuclear platinum(II) complexes: synthesis, DNA/BSA binding, DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity. Biometals 2016; 30:17-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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5
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Ligi K, Enkvist E, Uri A. Deoxygenation Increases Photoluminescence Lifetime of Protein-Responsive Organic Probes with Triplet–Singlet Resonant Energy Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4945-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Ligi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila
Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila
Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila
Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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6
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Bogh SA, Bora I, Rosenberg M, Thyrhaug E, Laursen BW, Sørensen TJ. Azadioxatriangulenium: exploring the effect of a 20 ns fluorescence lifetime in fluorescence anisotropy measurements. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2015; 3:045001. [PMID: 29148501 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/3/4/045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Azaoxatriangulenium (ADOTA) has been shown to be highly emissive despite a moderate molar absorption coefficient of the primary electronic transition. As a result, the fluorescence lifetime is ~20 ns, longer than all commonly used red fluorescent organic probes. The electronic transitions in ADOTA are highly polarised (r 0 = 0.38), which in combination with the long fluorescence lifetime extents the size-range of biomolecular weights that can be detected in fluorescence polarisation-based experiments. Here, the rotational dynamics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) are monitored with three different ADOTA derivatives, differing only in constitution of the reactive linker. A detailed study of the degree of labelling, the steady-state anisotropy, and the time-resolved anisotropy of the three different ADOTA-BSA conjugates are reported. The fluorescence quantum yields (ϕ fl) of the free dyes in PBS solution are determined to be ~55%, which is reduced to ~20% in the ADOTA-BSA conjugates. Despite the reduction in ϕ fl, a ~20 ns intensity averaged lifetime is maintained, allowing for the rotational dynamics of BSA to be monitored for up to 100 ns. Thus, ADOTA can be used in fluorescence polarisation assays to fill the gap between commonly used organic dyes and the long luminescence lifetime transition metal complexes. This allows for efficient steady-state fluorescence polarisation assays for detecting binding of analytes with molecular weights of up to 100 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel A Bogh
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
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Bora I, Bogh SA, Santella M, Rosenberg M, Sørensen TJ, Laursen BW. Azadioxatriangulenium: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Reactive Dyes for Bioconjugation. European J Org Chem 2015; 2015:6351-6358. [PMID: 27047257 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Azadioxatriangulenium (ADOTA) is a fluorescent triangulenium dye with a long fluorescence lifetime, highly polarized transitions and emission in the red part of the visible spectrum. These properties make the chromophore suited for application in fluorescence polarization/anisotropy assay. To be useful for these applications, reactive forms of the dyes must be available in significant quantities. Here, the synthesis and photophysical properties of amine-reactive NHS esters and a thiol-reactive maleimide derivate of ADOTA are reported. The synthesis involves two steps of nucleophilic bridge forming reactions starting from tris(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl) methylium tetrafluoroborate, which can readily be made on 100 gram scale. In the third and final step the reactive NHS or maleimide groups are formed. The beneficial photophysical properties of the ADOTA chromophore are maintained in these derivatives, and we conclude that these systems are ideal to study protein motion and protein-protein interactions for systems of up towards 1000 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Bora
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Sidsel A Bogh
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Marco Santella
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Martin Rosenberg
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
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Adamson K, Dolan C, Moran N, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. RGD Labeled Ru(II) Polypyridyl Conjugates for Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 Recognition and as Reporters of Integrin Conformation. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:928-44. [DOI: 10.1021/bc5000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Adamson
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ciaran Dolan
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Niamh Moran
- The
Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert J. Forster
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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9
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Sharmin A, Salassa L, Rosenberg E, Ross JBA, Abbott G, Black L, Terwilliger M, Brooks R. Photophysical studies of bioconjugated ruthenium metal-ligand complexes incorporated in phospholipid membrane bilayers. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:10835-45. [PMID: 24063694 DOI: 10.1021/ic400706u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The luminescent, mono-diimine ruthenium complexes [(H)Ru(CO)(PPh3)2(dcbpy)][PF6] (1) (dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridyl) and [(H)Ru(CO)(dppene)(5-amino-1,10-phen)][PF6] (2) (dppene = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene; phen = phenanthroline) were conjugated with 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) and with cholesterol in the case of complex 2. Using standard conjugation techniques, compound 1 gives the bis-lipid derivative [(H)Ru(CO)(PPh3)2(dcbpy-N-DPPE2)][PF6] (3), while 2 provides the monolipid conjugate [(H)Ru(CO)(dppene)(1,10-phen-5-NHC(S)-N-DPPE)][PF6] (4) and the cholesterol derivative [(H)Ru(CO)(dppene)(1,10-phen-5-NHC(O)Ocholesteryl)][PF6] (5). These compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods, and their photophysical properties were measured in organic solvents. The luminescence of lipid conjugates 3 and 4 is quenched in organic solvents while compound 4 shows a weak, short-lived, blue-shifted emission in aqueous solution. The cholesterol conjugate 5 shows the long-lived, microsecond-time scale emission associated with triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states. Incorporation of conjugate 3 in lipid bilayer vesicles restores the luminescence, but with blue shifts (~80 nm) accompanied by nanosecond-time scale lifetimes. In the vesicles conjugate 4 shows a short-lived and blue-shifted emission similar to that observed in solution but with increased intensity. Conjugation of the complex [(H)Ru(CO)(PhP2C2H4C(O)O-N-succinimidyl)2(bpy)][PF6] (6") (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl) with DPPE gives the phosphine-conjugated complex [(H)Ru(CO)(PhP2C2H4C(O)-N-DPPE)2(bpy)][PF6] (7). Complex 7 also exhibits a short-lived and blue-shifted emission in solution and in vesicles as observed for complexes 3 and 4. We have also conjugated the complex [Ru(bpy)2(5-amino-1,10-phen)][PF6]2 (8) with both cholesterol (9) and DPPE (10). Neither complex 9 nor the previously reported complex 10 exhibited the blue shifts observed for complexes 3 and 4 when incorporated into large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). The anisotropies of the emissions of complexes 3, 4, and 7 were also measured in LUVs, and those of complex 5 were measured in both glycerol and LUVs. High fundamental anisotropies were observed for complexes 3, 4, and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sharmin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana , Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
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10
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NO Fluorescence Sensing by Europium Tetracyclines Complexes in the Presence of H2O2. J Fluoresc 2013; 23:681-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-013-1207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Zherdeva VV, Savitsky AP. Using lanthanide-based resonance energy transfer for in vitro and in vivo studies of biological processes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:1553-74. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912130111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Hahn U, Luelf H, Winkler HDF, Schalley CA, Vögtle F, De Cola L. Encapsulation of luminescent homoleptic [Ru(dpp)3](2+)-type chromophores within an amphiphilic dendritic environment. Chemistry 2012; 18:15424-32. [PMID: 23081803 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new series of homoleptic metallodendrimers has been synthesized through ruthenium-metal complexation by dendritically modified bathophenanthroline ligands. The presence of hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) groups on the surface of the monodisperse metal complexes enabled the solubilization of all of the fractal species in a wide range of solvents, including water. The specific properties of all of these compounds have been systematically investigated by using photophysical techniques as a function of the generation number. Accordingly, the encapsulation of the highly luminescent [Ru(dpp)(3)](2+)-type (dpp=4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) core unit within a dendritic microenvironment creates a powerful means to shield the center from dioxygen quenching. This shielding effect, as exerted on the phosphorescent ruthenium-derived center, is reflected by enhanced emission intensities and extended excited-state lifetimes that are close to the highest values reported so far, even in an air-equilibrated aqueous medium. Interestingly, when inspecting the largest dendritic assembly, that is, the third-generation assembly, significant drops in emission quantum yields and lifetimes are observed. This anomalous behavior has been attributed to the folding of the branches towards the luminescent core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Hahn
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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Li Q, Zhu Q, Deng X, He W, Zhao T, Zhang B. Binding interactions of water-soluble camptothecin derivatives with bovine serum albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 86:124-130. [PMID: 22051412 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the binding interactions of the water-soluble camptothecin derivatives hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT), topotecan (TPT), and camptothecin quaternary salt (CPT8), to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were determined using fluorescence spectra and UV-vis spectra. The results revealed that the fluorescence of BSA was strongly quenched by the binding of camptothecin derivatives to BSA. The quenching mechanism of the camptothecin derivatives was found to be static according to the Stern-Volmer equation. The binding constant and binding sites were confirmed by fluorescence quenching spectra. The thermodynamic parameters Gibbs free energy change (ΔG<0), enthalpy change (ΔH>0), and entropy change (ΔS>0) implied that the interaction process was spontaneous and endothermic, and the interaction forces between camptothecin compounds and BSA were found to be hydrophobic. According to Föster non-radioactive energy transfer, the binding distances between 10-HCPT, TPT, and CPT8, and BSA were determined to be 1.73nm, 1.63nm, and 1.61nm, respectively. The synchronous fluorescence spectra confirmed that the camptothecin compounds cannot cause conformational changes in BSA. A rapid and sensitive method for determining the binding interaction between water-soluble camptothecin derivatives and BSA was established based on these principles of fluorescence quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
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14
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Walsh JJ, Zeng Q, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. Highly luminescent Ru(ii) metallopolymers: photonic and redox properties in solution and as thin films. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1547-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25134e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Enkvist E, Vaasa A, Kasari M, Kriisa M, Ivan T, Ligi K, Raidaru G, Uri A. Protein-induced long lifetime luminescence of nonmetal probes. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:1052-62. [PMID: 21776959 DOI: 10.1021/cb200120v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved luminometry-based assays have great potential for measurements in complicated biological solutions and living cells as the measured signal can be easily distinguished from nanosecond lifetime background fluorescence of organic compounds and autofluorescence of cells. In the present study we discovered that binding of a thiophene- or a selenophene-containing heteroaromatic moiety (luminescence donor) to the purine-binding pocket of a protein kinase (PK) induces long lifetime photoluminescence signal that is largely intensified through efficient energy transfer to a fluorescent dye present in close proximity to the luminescence donor. The developed ARC-Lum probes possessing 19-266 μs luminescence lifetime when associated with the target kinase can be used for determination of activity of basophilic PKs, characterization of inhibitors of PKs, and as cAMP sensors. An ARC-Lum probe was also used for the determination of kinetic parameters of inhibitor binding to the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKAc). Effective real-time monitoring of the activation of PKA by Forskolin and the displacement of an ARC-Lum probe from its complex with PKA by inhibitor H89 was performed in live cells. The discovered phenomenon, protein-induced long lifetime luminescence of aromatic probes is very likely to occur with all PKs and many other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Angela Vaasa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marje Kasari
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marie Kriisa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Taavi Ivan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Ligi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gerda Raidaru
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Svensson FR, Abrahamsson M, Strömberg N, Ewing AG, Lincoln P. Ruthenium(II) Complex Enantiomers as Cellular Probes for Diastereomeric Interactions in Confocal and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2011; 2:397-401. [PMID: 21461029 PMCID: PMC3065721 DOI: 10.1021/jz101580e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium dipyridophenazine (dppz) complexes are sensitive luminescent probes for hydrophobic environments. Here, we apply multiple-frequency fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to Δ and Λ enantiomers of lipophilic ruthenium dppz complexes in live and fixed cells, and their different lifetime staining patterns are related to conventional intensity-based microscopy. Excited state lifetimes of the enantiomers determined from FLIM measurements correspond well with spectroscopically measured emission decay curves in pure microenvironments of DNA, phospholipid membrane or a model protein. We show that FLIM can be applied to monitor the long-lived excited states of ruthenium complex enantiomers and, combined with confocal microscopy, give new insight into their biomolecular binding and reveal differences in the microenvironment probed by the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida R. Svensson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Abrahamsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Strömberg
- Chemistry and Materials Technology, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Gothenburg University, Kemivägen 4, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Lincoln
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Dynamics of tRNAtyr Probed with Long-Lifetime Metal-Ligand Complexes. J Fluoresc 2011; 21:231-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Synthesis, Characterization and Luminescence Properties of Dipyridin-2-ylamine Ligands and Their Bis(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Complexes and Labelling Studies of Papain fromCarica papaya. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Kim MS, Kim JH, Son BW, Kang JS. Dynamics of bacteriophage R17 probed with a long-lifetime Ru(II) metal-ligand complex. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:713-8. [PMID: 20195712 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The metal-ligand complex, [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)(2)(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine)](2+) (RuBDc), was used as a spectroscopic probe for studying macromolecular dynamics. RuBDc is a very photostable probe that possesses favorable photophysical properties including long lifetime, high quantum yield, large Stokes' shift, and highly polarized emission. To further show the usefulness of this luminophore for probing macromolecular dynamics, we examined the intensity and anisotropy decays of RuBDc when conjugated to R17 bacteriophage using frequency-domain fluorometry with a blue light-emitting diode (LED) as the modulated light source. The intensity decays were best fit by a sum of two exponentials, and we obtained a longer mean lifetime at 4 degrees C (<tau> = 491.8 ns) as compared to that at 25 degrees C (<tau> = 435.1 ns). The anisotropy decay data showed a single rotational correlation time, which is typical for a spherical molecule, and the results showed a longer rotational correlation time at 4 degrees C (2,574.9 ns) than at 25 degrees C (2,070.1 ns). The use of RuBDc enabled us to measure the rotational correlation time up to several microseconds. These results indicate that RuBDc has significant potential for studying hydrodynamics of biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Sup Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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20
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Cosgrave L, Devocelle M, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. Multimodal cell imaging by ruthenium polypyridyl labelled cell penetrating peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:103-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b918611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Sharmin A, Darlington RC, Hardcastle KI, Ravera M, Rosenberg E, Ross JA. Tuning photophysical properties with ancillary ligands in Ru(II) mono-diimine complexes. J Organomet Chem 2009; 694:988-1000. [PMID: 29307920 PMCID: PMC5754034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The series of complexes [XRu(CO)(L-L)(L')2][PF6] (X = H, TFA, Cl; L-L = 2,2'-bipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline, 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline and 4,4'-dicarboxylic-2,2'-bipyridyl; L'2 = 2PPh3, Ph2 PC2H4PPh2, Ph2PCH═CHPPh2) have been synthesized from the starting complex K[Ru(CO)3(TFA)3] (TFA = CF3CO2) by first reacting with the phosphine ligand, followed by reaction with the L-L and anion exchange with NaPF6. In the case of L-L = phenanthroline and L'2 = 2PPh3, the neutral complex Ru(Ph3P)(CO)(1,10-phenanthroline)( TFA)2 is also obtained and its solid state structure is reported. Solid state structures are also reported for the cationic complexes where L-L = phenanthroline, L2 = 2PPh3 and X = Cl and for L-L = 2,2'-bipyridyl, L2 = 2PPh3 and X = H. All the complexes were characterized in solution by a combination of 1H and 31P NMR, IR, mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. The purpose of the project was to synthesize a series of complexes that exhibit a range of excited-state lifetimes and that have large Stokes shifts, high quantum yields and high intrinsic polarizations associated with their metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) emissions. To a large degree these goals have been realized in that excited-state lifetimes in the range of 100 ns to over 1 μs are observed. The lifetimes are sensitive to both solvent and the presence of oxygen. The measured quantum yields and intrinsic anisotropies are higher than for previously reported Ru(II) complexes. Interestingly, the neutral complex with one phosphine ligand shows no MLCT emission. Under the conditions of synthesis some of the initially formed complexes with X = TFA are converted to the corresponding hydrides or in the presence of chlorinated solvents to the corresponding chlorides, testifying to the lability of the TFA Ligand. The compounds show multiple reduction potentials which are chemically and electrochemically reversible in a few cases as examined by cyclic voltammetry. The relationships between the observed photophysical properties of the complexes and the nature of the ligands on the Ru(II) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sharmin
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Reuben C. Darlington
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | | - Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell_Ambiente e della Vita, Universita‘ del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Spalto Marengo 33, 15100 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Edward Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - J.B. Alexander Ross
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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22
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Svensson FR, Li M, Nordén B, Lincoln P. Luminescent Dipyridophenazine-Ruthenium Probes for Liposome Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:10969-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp803964x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frida R. Svensson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Minna Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Nordén
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Lincoln
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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