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Senavirathna L, Pan S, Chen R. Protein Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Implications in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:601-610. [PMID: 37578815 PMCID: PMC10843555 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein advanced glycation end products (AGE) formed by nonenzymatic glycation can disrupt the normal structure and function of proteins, and stimulate the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), triggering intricate mechanisms that are etiologically related to various chronic diseases, including pancreatic cancer. Many common risk factors of pancreatic cancer are the major sources for the formation of protein AGEs and glycative stress in the human body. Abnormal accumulation of protein AGEs can impair the cellular proteome and promote AGE-RAGE driven pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, leading to increased oxidative stress, protease resistance, protein dysregulation, transcription activity of STAT, NF-κB, and AP-1, aberrant status in ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy, as well as other molecular events that are susceptible for the carcinogenic transformation towards the development of neoplasms. Here, we review studies to highlight our understanding in the orchestrated molecular events in bridging the impaired proteome, dysregulated functional networks, and cancer hallmarks initiated upon protein AGE formation and accumulation in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmini Senavirathna
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sheng Pan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ru Chen
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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Sunassee ED, Jardim-Perassi BV, Madonna MC, Ordway B, Ramanujam N. Metabolic Imaging as a Tool to Characterize Chemoresistance and Guide Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:995-1009. [PMID: 37343066 PMCID: PMC10592445 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
After an initial response to chemotherapy, tumor relapse is frequent. This event is reflective of both the spatiotemporal heterogeneities of the tumor microenvironment as well as the evolutionary propensity of cancer cell populations to adapt to variable conditions. Because the cause of this adaptation could be genetic or epigenetic, studying phenotypic properties such as tumor metabolism is useful as it reflects molecular, cellular, and tissue-level dynamics. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the characteristic metabolic phenotype is a highly fermentative state. However, during treatment, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the metabolic landscape are highly unstable, with surviving populations taking on a variety of metabolic states. Thus, longitudinally imaging tumor metabolism provides a promising approach to inform therapeutic strategies, and to monitor treatment responses to understand and mitigate recurrence. Here we summarize some examples of the metabolic plasticity reported in TNBC following chemotherapy and review the current metabolic imaging techniques available in monitoring chemotherapy responses clinically and preclinically. The ensemble of imaging technologies we describe has distinct attributes that make them uniquely suited for a particular length scale, biological model, and/or features that can be captured. We focus on TNBC to highlight the potential of each of these technological advances in understanding evolution-based therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enakshi D. Sunassee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Megan C. Madonna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Bryce Ordway
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nirmala Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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3
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Zhang T, Yu H, Bai Y, Song J, Chen J, Li Y, Cui Y. Extracellular vesicle-derived LINC00511 promotes glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of pancreatic cancer through macrophage polarization by microRNA-193a-3p-dependent regulation of plasminogen activator urokinase. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 45:355-369. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2145968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Oncology Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyang Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxian Bai
- Department of Oncology Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaming Song
- Department of Oncology Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jiexin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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4
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Lumibao JC, Tremblay JR, Hsu J, Engle DD. Altered glycosylation in pancreatic cancer and beyond. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20211505. [PMID: 35522218 PMCID: PMC9086500 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the deadliest cancers and is projected to soon be the second leading cause of cancer death. Median survival of PDA patients is 6-10 mo, with the majority of diagnoses occurring at later, metastatic stages that are refractory to treatment and accompanied by worsening prognoses. Glycosylation is one of the most common types of post-translational modifications. The complex landscape of glycosylation produces an extensive repertoire of glycan moieties, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, thus adding a dynamic and tunable level of intra- and intercellular signaling regulation. Aberrant glycosylation is a feature of cancer progression and influences a broad range of signaling pathways to promote disease onset and progression. However, despite being so common, the functional consequences of altered glycosylation and their potential as therapeutic targets remain poorly understood and vastly understudied in the context of PDA. In this review, the functionality of glycans as they contribute to hallmarks of PDA are highlighted as active regulators of disease onset, tumor progression, metastatic capability, therapeutic resistance, and remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment. A deeper understanding of the functional consequences of altered glycosylation will facilitate future hypothesis-driven studies and identify novel therapeutic strategies in PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jasper Hsu
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
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5
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Wang W, Yang C, Wang T, Deng H. Complex roles of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:267. [PMID: 35338115 PMCID: PMC8956669 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is an intracellular methyltransferase, catalyzing the N-methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) to form 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNAM), in which S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is the methyl donor. High expression of NNMT can alter cellular NAM and SAM levels, which in turn, affects nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent redox reactions and signaling pathways, and remodels cellular epigenetic states. Studies have revealed that NNMT plays critical roles in the occurrence and development of various cancers, and analysis of NNMT expression levels in different cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset indicated that NNMT might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for tumor diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of recent advances on NNMT functions in different tumors and deciphers the complex roles of NNMT in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changmei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Hamada S, Matsumoto R, Masamune A. HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020411. [PMID: 35053572 PMCID: PMC8773475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer progression involves interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells in harsh tumor microenvironments, which are characterized by hypoxia, few nutrients, and oxidative stress. Clinically, cancer cells overcome therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, to continue to survive. Activation of the adaptation mechanism is required for cancer cell survival under these conditions, and it also contributes to the acquisition of the malignant phenotype. Stromal cells, especially pancreatic stellate cells, play a critical role in the formation of a cancer-promoting microenvironment. We here review the roles of key molecules, hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, in stress response mechanisms for the adaptation to hypoxia and oxidative stress in pancreatic cancer cells and stellate cells. Various cancer-promoting properties associated with these molecules have been identified, and they might serve as novel therapeutic targets in the future. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is intractable due to early progression and resistance to conventional therapy. Dense fibrotic stroma, known as desmoplasia, is a characteristic feature of pancreatic cancer, and develops through the interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells, including pancreatic stellate cells. Dense stroma forms harsh tumor microenvironments characterized by hypoxia, few nutrients, and oxidative stress. Pancreatic cancer cells as well as pancreatic stellate cells survive in the harsh microenvironments through the altered expression of signaling molecules, transporters, and metabolic enzymes governed by various stress response mechanisms. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, stress response mechanisms for hypoxia and oxidative stress, respectively, contribute to the aggressive behaviors of pancreatic cancer. These key molecules for stress response mechanisms are activated, both in pancreatic cancer cells and in pancreatic stellate cells. Both factors are involved in the mutual activation of cancer cells and stellate cells, by inducing cancer-promoting signals and their mediators. Therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways are promising approaches for novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the roles of stress response mechanisms, focusing on hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, in pancreatic cancer. In addition, we discuss the potential of targeting these molecules for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Gunda V, Genaro-Mattos TC, Kaushal JB, Chirravuri-Venkata R, Natarajan G, Mallya K, Grandgenett PM, Mirnics K, Batra SK, Korade Z, Rachagani S. Ubiquitous Aberration in Cholesterol Metabolism across Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010047. [PMID: 35050168 PMCID: PMC8779872 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by metabolic deregulations that often manifest as deviations in metabolite levels and aberrations in their corresponding metabolic genes across the clinical specimens and preclinical PC models. Cholesterol is one of the critical metabolites supporting PC, synthesized or acquired by PC cells. Nevertheless, the significance of the de novo cholesterol synthesis pathway has been controversial in PC, indicating the need to reassess this pathway in PC. We utilized preclinical models and clinical specimens of PC patients and cell lines and utilized mass spectrometry-based sterol analysis. Further, we also performed in silico analysis to corroborate the significance of de novo cholesterol synthesis pathway in PC. Our results demonstrated alteration in free sterol levels, including free cholesterol, across in vitro, in vivo, and clinical specimens of PC. Especially, our sterol analyses established consistent alterations in free cholesterol across the different PC models. Overall, this study demonstrates the significance and consistency in deviation of cholesterol synthesis pathway in PC while showing the aberrations in sterol metabolite intermediates and the related genes using preclinical models, in silico platforms, and the clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Gunda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Thiago C. Genaro-Mattos
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (T.C.G.-M.); (K.M.)
| | - Jyoti B. Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Paul M. Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Karoly Mirnics
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (T.C.G.-M.); (K.M.)
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(402)559-3312; Fax: +1-(402)559-6650
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8
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Karimnia V, Slack FJ, Celli JP. Photodynamic Therapy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174354. [PMID: 34503165 PMCID: PMC8431269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal of human cancers. Numerous clinical trials evaluating various combinations of chemotherapy and targeted agents and radiotherapy have failed to provide meaningful improvements in survival. A growing number of studies however have indicated that photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be a viable approach for treatment of some pancreatic tumors. PDT, which uses light to activate a photosensitizing agent in target tissue, has seen widespread adoption primarily for dermatological and other applications where superficial light delivery is relatively straightforward. Advances in fiber optic light delivery and dosimetry however have been leveraged to enable PDT even for challenging internal sites, including the pancreas. The aim of this article is to help inform future directions by reviewing relevant literature on the basic science, current clinical status, and potential challenges in the development of PDT as a treatment for PDAC. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal of human cancers. Clinical trials of various chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted agents and combination strategies have generally failed to provide meaningful improvement in survival for patients with unresectable disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry-based approach that enables selective cell killing using tumor-localizing agents activated by visible or near-infrared light. In recent years, clinical studies have demonstrated the technical feasibility of PDT for patients with locally advanced PDAC while a growing body of preclinical literature has shown that PDT can overcome drug resistance and target problematic and aggressive disease. Emerging evidence also suggests the ability of PDT to target PDAC stroma, which is known to act as both a barrier to drug delivery and a tumor-promoting signaling partner. Here, we review the literature which indicates an emergent role of PDT in clinical management of PDAC, including the potential for combination with other targeted agents and RNA medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Karimnia
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
| | - Frank J. Slack
- Department of Pathology, BIDMC Cancer Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Jonathan P. Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Alzhrani R, Alsaab HO, Vanamal K, Bhise K, Tatiparti K, Barari A, Sau S, Iyer AK. Overcoming the Tumor Microenvironmental Barriers of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas for Achieving Better Treatment Outcomes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000262. [PMID: 34212073 PMCID: PMC8240487 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with the lowest survival rate among all solid tumors. The lethality of PDAC arises from late detection and propensity of the tumor to metastasize and develop resistance against chemo and radiation therapy. A highly complex tumor microenvironment composed of dense stroma, immune cells, fibroblast, and disorganized blood vessels, is the main obstacle to current PDAC therapy. Despite the tremendous success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancers, PDAC remains one of the poorest responders of ICIs therapy. The immunologically "cold" phenotype of PDAC is attributed to the low mutational burden, high infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T-regs, contributing to a significant immunotherapy resistance mechanism. Thus, the development of innovative strategies for turning immunologically "cold" tumor into "hot" ones is an unmet need to improve the outcome of PDAC ICIs therapies. Other smart strategies, such as nanomedicines, sonic Hedgehog inhibitor, or smoothened inhibitor, are discussed to enhance chemotherapeutic agents' efficiency by disrupting the PDAC stroma. This review highlights the current challenges and various preclinical and clinical strategies to overcome current PDAC therapy difficulties, thus significantly advancing PDAC research knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Alzhrani
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kushal Vanamal
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Ketki Bhise
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Katyayani Tatiparti
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Ayatakshi Barari
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Jiang B, Zhou L, Lu J, Wang Y, Liu C, You L, Guo J. Stroma-Targeting Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer: One Coin With Two Sides? Front Oncol 2020; 10:576399. [PMID: 33178608 PMCID: PMC7593693 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.576399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignancy with one of the worst prognoses worldwide and has an overall 5-year survival rate of only 9%. Although chemotherapy is the recommended treatment for patients with advanced PDAC, its efficacy is not satisfactory. The dense dysplastic stroma of PDAC is a major obstacle to the delivery of chemotherapy drugs and plays an important role in the progression of PDAC. Therefore, stroma-targeting therapy is considered a potential treatment strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and patient survival. While several preclinical studies have shown encouraging results, the anti-tumor potential of the PDAC stroma has also been revealed, and the extreme depletion might promote tumor progression and undermine patient survival. Therefore, achieving a balance between stromal abundance and depletion might be the further of stroma-targeting therapy. This review summarized the current progress of stroma-targeting therapy in PDAC and discussed the double-edged sword of its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Guo J, Su Y, Zhang M. Circ_0000140 restrains the proliferation, metastasis and glycolysis metabolism of oral squamous cell carcinoma through upregulating CDC73 via sponging miR-182-5p. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:407. [PMID: 32863766 PMCID: PMC7448321 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a more common cancer in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in the progression of OSCC. However, the role of circ_0000140 in OSCC is still unknown. Methods The expression of circ_0000140 and microRNA-182-5p (miR-182-5p) were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Also, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were measured by colony formation and transwell assays, respectively. Western blot (WB) analysis was used to test the levels of proliferation, metastasis and glycolysis metabolism-related proteins as well as cell division cycle 73 (CDC73) protein. Further, the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of cells was detected by the Seahorse XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer. The lactate acid level of cells was tested by Lactate Assay Kit. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter was used to verify the interaction between miR-182-3p and circ_0000140 or CDC73, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was employed to further confirm the relationship between miR-182-3p and circ_0000140. In addition, mice xenograft models were built to measure the effect of circ_0000140 on OSCC tumor growth in vivo. Results Circ_0000140 was lowly expressed in OSCC, and its overexpression hindered proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis metabolism in OSCC cells. MiR-182-5p could be sponged by circ_0000140, and its mimic could invert the suppression of circ_0000140 overexpression on OSCC progression. CDC73 could be targeted by miR-182-3p, and its silencing could reverse the inhibition of miR-182-3p inhibitor on OSCC progression. Further, overexpressed circ_0000140 reduced the OSCC tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions Circ_0000140 might play an anti-cancer role in OSCC, which provided a novel target for clinical therapy of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Stomatological Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Stomatological Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Stomatological Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
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12
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Gu W, Tong Z. Clinical Application of Metabolomics in Pancreatic Diseases: A Mini-Review. Lab Med 2020; 51:116-121. [PMID: 31340007 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is a powerful new analytical method to describe the set of metabolites within cellular tissue and bodily fluids. Metabolomics can uncover detailed information about metabolic changes in organisms. The morphology of these metabolites represents the metabolic processes that occur in cells, such as anabolism, catabolism, inhomogeneous natural absorption and metabolism, detoxification, and metabolism of biomass energy. Because the metabolites of different diseases are different, the specificity of the changes can be found by metabolomics testing, which provides a new source of biomarkers for the early identification of diseases and the difference between benign and malignant states. Metabolomics has a wide application potential in pancreatic diseases, including early detection, diagnosis, and identification of pancreatic diseases. However, there are few studies on metabolomics in pancreatic diseases in the literature. This article reviews the application of metabolomics in the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and evaluation of pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, China
| | - Zhong Tong
- Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei City, China
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13
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Inflammation Associated Pancreatic Tumorigenesis: Upregulation of Succinate Dehydrogenase (Subunit B) Reduces Cell Growth of Pancreatic Ductal Epithelial Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010042. [PMID: 31877753 PMCID: PMC7016879 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is amongst the most fatal malignancies and its development is highly associated with inflammatory processes such as chronic pancreatitis (CP). Since the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) is regarded as tumor suppressor that is lost during cancer development, this study investigated the impact of M1-macrophages as part of the inflammatory microenvironment on the expression as well as function of SDHB in benign and premalignant pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs). Immunohistochemical analyses on pancreatic tissue sections from CP patients and control individuals revealed a stronger SDHB expression in ducts of CP tissues being associated with a greater abundance of macrophages compared to ducts in control tissues. Accordingly, indirect co-culture with M1-macrophages led to clearly elevated SDHB expression and SDH activity in benign H6c7-pBp and premalignant H6c7-kras PDECs. While siRNA-mediated SDHB knockdown in these cells did not affect glucose and lactate uptake after co-culture, SDHB knockdown significantly promoted PDEC growth which was associated with increased proliferation and decreased effector caspase activity particularly in co-cultured PDECs. Overall, these data indicate that SDHB expression and SDH activity are increased in PDECs when exposed to pro-inflammatory macrophages as a counterregulatory mechanism to prevent excessive PDEC growth triggered by the inflammatory environment.
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14
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Zheng M, Cao MX, Yu XH, Li L, Wang K, Wang SS, Wang HF, Tang YJ, Tang YL, Liang XH. STAT3 Promotes Invasion and Aerobic Glycolysis of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Inhibiting FoxO1. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1175. [PMID: 31750256 PMCID: PMC6848388 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a previously accepted tumor-promoting protein in various malignancies, plays a key role in the process of cancer glycolysis. However, the role and potential mechanism of STAT3 in aerobic glycolysis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been explored. In the present study, we demonstrated that STAT3 knockdown remarkably inhibited migration, invasion, expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and aerobic glycolysis of OSCC cells by up-regulation of FoxO1. Consistently, the expression of nuclear Tyr705-phosphorylated STAT3, an active form of STAT3, was significantly elevated in OSCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and increased nuclear staining of Tyr705-phosphorylated STAT3 was associated with metastasis and shorter overall survival. Moreover, FoxO1, which was also mainly expressed in OSCC specimens, decreased in poorly-differentiated tissues compared with the relatively well-differentiated ones, and inversely correlated with the expression of nuclear Tyr705-phosphorylated STAT3 from patients with OSCC. Hence, our findings collectively characterized the contributing role of STAT3/FoxO1 in invasion and aerobic glycolysis of OSCC cells, which may lead to the worse clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ming-Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Daniel SK, Sullivan KM, Labadie KP, Pillarisetty VG. Hypoxia as a barrier to immunotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:10. [PMID: 30931508 PMCID: PMC6441665 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal disease with limited response to cytotoxic chemoradiotherapy, as well as newer immunotherapies. The PDA tumor microenvironment contains infiltrating immune cells including cytotoxic T cells; however, there is an overall immunosuppressive milieu. Hypoxia is a known element of the solid tumor microenvironment and may promote tumor survival. Through various mechanisms including, but not limited to, those mediated by HIF-1α, hypoxia also leads to increased tumor proliferation and metabolic changes. Furthermore, epithelial to mesenchymal transition is promoted through several pathways, including NOTCH and c-MET, regulated by hypoxia. Hypoxia-promoted changes also contribute to the immunosuppressive phenotype seen in many different cell types within the microenvironment and thereby may inhibit an effective immune system response to PDA. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and myofibroblasts appear to contribute to the recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and B cells in PDA via cytokines increased due to hypoxia. PSCs also increase collagen secretion in response to HIF-1α, which promotes a fibrotic stroma that alters T cell homing and migration. In hypoxic environments, B cells contribute to cytotoxic T cell exhaustion and produce chemokines to attract more immunosuppressive regulatory T cells. MDSCs inhibit T cell metabolism by hoarding key amino acids, modulate T cell homing by cleaving L-selectin, and prevent T cell activation by increasing PD-L1 expression. Immunosuppressive M2 phenotype macrophages promote T cell anergy via increased nitric oxide (NO) and decreased arginine in hypoxia. Increased numbers of regulatory T cells are seen in hypoxia which prevent effector T cell activation through cytokine production and increased CTLA-4. Effective immunotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma and other solid tumors will need to help counteract the immunosuppressive nature of hypoxia-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment. Promising studies will look at combination therapies involving checkpoint inhibitors, chemokine inhibitors, and possible targeting of hypoxia. While no model is perfect, assuring that models incorporate the effects of hypoxia on cancer cells, stromal cells, and effector immune cells will be crucial in developing successful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - K M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - K P Labadie
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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16
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Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics Shows Metabolic Resistance to Anti-Cancer Selenite in 3D Spheroids versus 2D Cell Cultures. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8030040. [PMID: 29996515 PMCID: PMC6161115 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures are grown on rigid plastic substrates with unrealistic concentration gradients of O2, nutrients, and treatment agents. More importantly, 2D cultures lack cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, which are critical for regulating cell behavior and functions. There are several three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems such as Matrigel, hydrogels, micropatterned plates, and hanging drop that overcome these drawbacks but they suffer from technical challenges including long spheroid formation times, difficult handling for high throughput assays, and/or matrix contamination for metabolic studies. Magnetic 3D bioprinting (M3DB) can circumvent these issues by utilizing nanoparticles that enable spheroid formation and growth via magnetizing cells. M3DB spheroids have been shown to emulate tissue and tumor microenvironments while exhibiting higher resistance to toxic agents than their 2D counterparts. It is, however, unclear if and how such 3D systems impact cellular metabolic networks, which may determine altered toxic responses in cells. We employed a Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM) approach with 13C6-glucose as tracer to map central metabolic networks both in 2D cells and M3DB spheroids formed from lung (A549) and pancreatic (PANC1) adenocarcinoma cells without or with an anti-cancer agent (sodium selenite). We found that the extent of 13C-label incorporation into metabolites of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, and purine/pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis was largely comparable between 2D and M3DB culture systems for both cell lines. The exceptions were the reduced capacity for de novo synthesis of pyrimidine and sugar nucleotides in M3DB than 2D cultures of A549 and PANC1 cells as well as the presence of gluconeogenic activity in M3DB spheroids of PANC1 cells but not in the 2D counterpart. More strikingly, selenite induced much less perturbation of these pathways in the spheroids relative to the 2D counterparts in both cell lines, which is consistent with the corresponding lesser effects on morphology and growth. Thus, the increased resistance of cancer cell spheroids to selenite may be linked to the reduced capacity of selenite to perturb these metabolic pathways necessary for growth and survival.
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17
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Tataranni T, Agriesti F, Ruggieri V, Mazzoccoli C, Simeon V, Laurenzana I, Scrima R, Pazienza V, Capitanio N, Piccoli C. Rewiring carbohydrate catabolism differentially affects survival of pancreatic cancer cell lines with diverse metabolic profiles. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41265-41281. [PMID: 28476035 PMCID: PMC5522241 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests that targeting cellular metabolism represents a promising effective approach to treat pancreatic cancer, overcome chemoresistance and ameliorate patient's prognosis and survival. In this study, following whole-genome expression analysis, we selected two pancreatic cancer cell lines, PANC-1 and BXPC-3, hallmarked by distinct metabolic profiles with specific concern to carbohydrate metabolism. Functional comparative analysis showed that BXPC-3 displayed a marked deficit of the mitochondrial respiratory and oxidative phosphorylation activity and a higher production of reactive oxygen species and a reduced NAD+/NADH ratio, indicating their bioenergetic reliance on glycolysis and a different redox homeostasis as compared to PANC-1. Both cell lines were challenged to rewire their metabolism by substituting glucose with galactose as carbon source, a condition inhibiting the glycolytic flux and fostering full oxidation of the sugar carbons. The obtained data strikingly show that the mitochondrial respiration-impaired-BXPC-3 cell line was unable to sustain the metabolic adaptation required by glucose deprivation/substitution, thereby resulting in a G2\M cell cycle shift, unbalance of the redox homeostasis, apoptosis induction. Conversely, the mitochondrial respiration-competent-PANC-1 cell line did not show clear evidence of cell sufferance. Our findings provide a strong rationale to candidate metabolism as a promising target for cancer therapy. Defining the metabolic features at time of pancreatic cancer diagnosis and likely of other tumors, appears to be crucial to predict the responsiveness to therapeutic approaches or coadjuvant interventions affecting metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Tataranni
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Francesca Agriesti
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Carmela Mazzoccoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Foggia, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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18
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Chen C, Yu G, Xiao W, Xing M, Ni J, Wan R, Hu G. Thalidomide inhibits proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by modulating CD133 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 14:8206-8212. [PMID: 29344263 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a solid malignancy with a high mortality rate, on account of the high incidence of metastasis at the time of detection. The aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer may be partly driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are characterized by the ability to self-renew and recapitulate tumors in the ectopic setting. However, although a number of drugs targeting CSCs are currently under clinical investigation, few effective drugs have been developed. The present study demonstrated that thalidomide inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis in pancreatic cancer cell lines through the inhibition of epithelial mesenchymal transition. The effect of thalidomide was more pronounced in cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133)+ SW1990 cells than in Capan-2 cells, in which CD133 expression was almost undetectable. The results revealed that CD133 is likely to serve a role in the antitumor effect of thalidomide and indicated that thalidomide could be developed as a CSC-specific adjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Miao Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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19
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Parente P, Parcesepe P, Covelli C, Olivieri N, Remo A, Pancione M, Latiano TP, Graziano P, Maiello E, Giordano G. Crosstalk between the Tumor Microenvironment and Immune System in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Potential Targets for New Therapeutic Approaches. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:7530619. [PMID: 30662458 PMCID: PMC6312626 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7530619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease for which radical surgery and chemotherapy represent the only curative options for a small proportion of patients. Recently, FOLFIRINOX and nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine have improved the survival of metastatic patients but prognosis remains poor. A pancreatic tumor microenvironment is a dynamic milieu of cellular and acellular elements, and it represents one of the major limitations to chemotherapy efficacy. The continued crosstalk between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment causes immunosuppression within pancreatic immune infiltrate increasing tumor aggressiveness. Several potential targets have been identified among tumor microenvironment components, and different therapeutic approaches are under investigation. In this article, we provide a qualitative literature review about the crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment components and immune system in pancreatic cancer. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment and we show the ongoing trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Parente
- 1Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO di Anatomia Patologica, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Pietro Parcesepe
- 2Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Covelli
- 1Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO di Anatomia Patologica, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Nunzio Olivieri
- 3Biology Department, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Remo
- 4“Mater Salutis” Hospital, ULSS 9, Via C. Gianella 1, 37045 Legnago, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Pancione
- 5Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pia Latiano
- 6Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO di Oncologia Medica, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Paolo Graziano
- 1Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO di Anatomia Patologica, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- 6Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO di Oncologia Medica, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Guido Giordano
- 6Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, UO di Oncologia Medica, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
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20
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Mao Y, Wang X, Zheng F, Wang C, Tang Q, Tang X, Xu N, Zhang H, Zhang D, Xiong L, Liang J, Zhu J. The tumor-inhibitory effectiveness of a novel anti-Trop2 Fab conjugate in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24810-23. [PMID: 27050150 PMCID: PMC5029744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human trophoblastic cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) has been reported to act oncogenically. In this study, one-step quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis with were employed to evaluate the relationship between Trop2 expression and the clinicopathological features of patients with PC. Then a novel anti-Trop2 Fab antibody was conjugated with Doxorubicin (DOX) to form Trop2Fab-DOX, an antibody-drug conjugate. This Trop2Fab-DOX conjugate was characterized by cell ELISA and immunofluorescence assay. MTT and wound healing analyses were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Trop2Fab-DOX on PC cell growth in vitro, while xenograft nude mice model was established to examine the tumor-inhibitory effects of PC in vivo. High Trop2 expression was observed in PC tissues and Trop2 expression was associated with several malignant attributes of PC patients, including overall survival. Trop2Fab-DOX can bind to the Trop2-expressing PC cells and provide an improved releasing type of DOX. In addition, Trop2Fab-DOX inhibited the proliferation and suppressed the migration of PC cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, while inhibited the growth of PC xenografts in vivo. Trop2 is a specific marker for PC, and a novel Trop2Fab-DOX ADC has a potent antitumor activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Mao
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China.,Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanjing Maternal and Children Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi Nanjing Maternal and Children Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China.,Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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21
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Roux C, Riganti C, Borgogno SF, Curto R, Curcio C, Catanzaro V, Digilio G, Padovan S, Puccinelli MP, Isabello M, Aime S, Cappello P, Novelli F. Endogenous glutamine decrease is associated with pancreatic cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95361-95376. [PMID: 29221133 PMCID: PMC5707027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is becoming the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. The mortality is very high, which emphasizes the need to identify biomarkers for early detection. As glutamine metabolism alteration is a feature of PDAC, its in vivo evaluation may provide a useful tool for biomarker identification. Our aim was to identify a handy method to evaluate blood glutamine consumption in mouse models of PDAC. We quantified the in vitro glutamine uptake by Mass Spectrometry (MS) in tumor cell supernatants and showed that it was higher in PDAC compared to non-PDAC tumor and pancreatic control human cells. The increased glutamine uptake was paralleled by higher activity of most glutamine pathway-related enzymes supporting nucleotide and ATP production. Free glutamine blood levels were evaluated in orthotopic and spontaneous mouse models of PDAC and other pancreatic-related disorders by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and/or MS. Notably we observed a reduction of blood glutamine as much as the tumor progressed from pancreatic intraepithelial lesions to invasive PDAC, but was not related to chronic pancreatitis-associated inflammation or diabetes. In parallel the increased levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) were observed. By contrast blood glutamine levels were stable in non-tumor bearing mice. These findings demonstrated that glutamine uptake is measurable both in vitro and in vivo. The higher in vitro avidity of PDAC cells corresponded to a lower blood glutamine level as soon as the tumor mass grew. The reduction in circulating glutamine represents a novel tool exploitable to implement other diagnostic or prognostic PDAC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Roux
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sammy Ferri Borgogno
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Curto
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Curcio
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Catanzaro
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Sergio Padovan
- Institute for Biostructures and Bioimages (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Puccinelli
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Isabello
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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22
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Anderson M, Marayati R, Moffitt R, Yeh JJ. Hexokinase 2 promotes tumor growth and metastasis by regulating lactate production in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56081-56094. [PMID: 28915575 PMCID: PMC5593546 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a KRAS-driven cancer with a high incidence of metastasis and an overall poor prognosis. Previous work in a genetically engineered mouse model of PDAC showed glucose metabolism to be important for maintaining tumor growth. Multiple glycolytic enzymes, including hexokinase 2 (HK2), were upregulated in primary PDAC patient tumors, supporting a role for glycolysis in promoting human disease. HK2 was most highly expressed in PDAC metastases, suggesting a link between HK2 and aggressive tumor biology. In support of this we found HK2 expression to be associated with shorter overall survival in PDAC patients undergoing curative surgery. Transient and stable knockdown of HK2 in primary PDAC cell lines decreased lactate production, anchorage independent growth (AIG) and invasion through a reconstituted matrix. Conversely, stable overexpression of HK2 increased lactate production, cell proliferation, AIG and invasion. Pharmacologic inhibition of lactate production reduced the HK2-driven increase in invasion while addition of extracellular lactate enhanced invasion, together providing a link between glycolytic activity and metastatic potential. Stable knockdown of HK2 decreased primary tumor growth in cell line xenografts and decreased incidence of lung metastasis after tail vein injection. Gene expression analysis of tumors with decreased HK2 expression showed alterations in VEGF-A signaling, a pathway important for angiogenesis and metastasis, consistent with a requirement of HK2 in promoting metastasis. Overall our data provides strong evidence for the role of HK2 in promoting PDAC disease progression, suggesting that direct inhibition of HK2 may be a promising approach in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marybeth Anderson
- Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Richard Moffitt
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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23
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Chen R, Lai LA, Sullivan Y, Wong M, Wang L, Riddell J, Jung L, Pillarisetty VG, Brentnall TA, Pan S. Disrupting glutamine metabolic pathways to sensitize gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7950. [PMID: 28801576 PMCID: PMC5554139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with poor prognosis. Gemcitabine has been the first line systemic treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, the rapid development of drug resistance has been a major hurdle in gemcitabine therapy leading to unsatisfactory patient outcomes. With the recent renewed understanding of glutamine metabolism involvement in drug resistance and immuno-response, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of a glutamine analog (6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine) as an adjuvant treatment to sensitize chemoresistant pancreatic cancer cells. We demonstrate that disruption of glutamine metabolic pathways improves the efficacy of gemcitabine treatment. Such a disruption induces a cascade of events which impacts glycan biosynthesis through Hexosamine Biosynthesis Pathway (HBP), as well as cellular redox homeostasis, resulting in global changes in protein glycosylation, expression and functional effects. The proteome alterations induced in the resistant cancer cells and the secreted exosomes are intricately associated with the reduction in cell proliferation and the enhancement of cancer cell chemosensitivity. Proteins associated with EGFR signaling, including downstream AKT-mTOR pathways, MAPK pathway, as well as redox enzymes were downregulated in response to disruption of glutamine metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Lisa A Lai
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yumi Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Melissa Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jonah Riddell
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc, Danvers, MA, 01923, USA
| | - Linda Jung
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc, Danvers, MA, 01923, USA
| | | | - Teresa A Brentnall
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sheng Pan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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24
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Glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase/PGP: Role in intermediary metabolism and target for cardiometabolic diseases. Biochimie 2017; 143:18-28. [PMID: 28826615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome arise because of disturbances in glucose and fat metabolism, which impact associated physiological events such as insulin secretion and action, fat storage and oxidation. Even though, decades of research has contributed to our current understanding of the components involved in glucose and fat metabolism and their regulation, that led to the development of many therapeutics, there are still many unanswered questions. Glycerol-3-phosphate (Gro3P), which is formed during glycolysis, is at the intersection of glucose and fat metabolism, and the availability of this metabolite can regulate energy and intermediary metabolism in mammalian cells. During the course of evolution, mammalian cells are assumed to have lost the capacity to directly hydrolyze Gro3P to glycerol, until the recent discovery from our laboratory showing that a previously known mammalian enzyme, phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP), can function as a Gro3P phosphatase (G3PP) and regulate this metabolite levels. Emerging evidence indicates that G3PP/PGP is an evolutionarily conserved "multi-tasking" enzyme that belongs to the superfamily of haloacid dehalogenase-like phosphatase enzymes, and is capable of hydrolyzing Gro3P, an abundant physiologically relevant substrate, as well as other metabolites including 2-phosphoglycolate, 4-phosphoerythronate and 2-phospholactate, which are present in much smaller amounts in cells, under normal conditions. G3PP, by regulating Gro3P levels, plays a critical role in intermediary metabolism, including glycolysis, glucose oxidation, cellular redox and ATP production, gluconeogenesis, esterification of fatty acids towards glycerolipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. Because of G3PP's ability to regulate energy and intermediary metabolism as well as physiological functions such as insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production, and fat synthesis, storage and oxidation, the pathophysiological role of this enzyme in metabolic diseases needs to be precisely defined. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on the structure, function and regulation of G3PP/PGP, and we discuss its potential therapeutic role for cardiometabolic diseases.
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25
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Kota J, Hancock J, Kwon J, Korc M. Pancreatic cancer: Stroma and its current and emerging targeted therapies. Cancer Lett 2017; 391:38-49. [PMID: 28093284 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of 8%. Dense, fibrotic stroma associated with pancreatic tumors is a major obstacle for drug delivery to the tumor bed and plays a crucial role in pancreatic cancer progression. Targeting stroma is considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to improve anti-cancer drug efficacy and patient survival. Although numerous stromal depletion therapies have reached the clinic, they add little to overall survival and are often associated with toxicity. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests the anti-tumor properties of stroma. Its complete ablation enhanced tumor progression and reduced survival. Consequently, efforts are now focused on developing stromal-targeted therapies that normalize the reactive stroma and avoid the extremes: stromal abundance vs. complete depletion. In this review, we summarized the state of current and emerging anti-stromal targeted therapies, with major emphasis on the role of miRNAs in PDAC stroma and their potential use as novel therapeutic agents to modulate PDAC tumor-stromal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaiah Kota
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, USA; The Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Indiana University and Purdue University-Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Julie Hancock
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jason Kwon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Murray Korc
- The Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Indiana University and Purdue University-Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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26
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Zhang X, Wu D, Aldarouish M, Yin X, Li C, Wang C. ETS-1: A potential target of glycolysis for metabolic therapy by regulating glucose metabolism in pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:232-240. [PMID: 27878249 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies of all types of cancer due to lack of early symptoms and its resistance to conventional therapy. In our previous study, we have shown that v‑ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog‑1 (ETS‑1) promote cell migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells. However, the function of ETS‑1 in regulation of glycolysis and autophagy during progression of pancreatic cancer has not been defined yet. In this study, we sought to identify the potential role for silencing ETS‑1 in reducing the expression of glucose transporter‑1 (GLUT‑1) to disturb glycolysis through alteration of 'Warburg effect', by which could result in AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, autophagy induction and reduction of cell viability. MTT assay was applied to assess the cell viability in ETS‑1 silencing cells and control groups. Glucose absorption rate, lactate production rate and cellular ATP level were measured by standard colorimetric assay kits. The levels of mRNAs of ETS‑1, GLUT‑1, autophagy‑related gene 5 (ATG5) and ATG7 were analyzed by qRT‑PCR. The expression of ETS‑1, GLUT‑1, ATG5, ATG7, p‑AMPK, and LC3II proteins were evaluated by western blot analysis. GraphPad Prism 5.0 was used for all statistical analysis. We found that cell viability was obviously attenuated after silencing ETS‑1. Besides, our results also showed that the expression of GLUT‑1 significantly declined in ETS‑1 silencing cell lines which resulted in a lower glucose utilization and lactate production. Furthermore, the inhibition of glycolysis, which depends on glucose utilization and lactate production, reduced the generation of energy in the form of ATP. Moreover, the reduction of cellular ATP was associated with stimulation of AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) and induction of autophagy. Our results indicated that ETS‑1 induced autophagy after inhibition of glycolysis, and thus led to comparative decrease of cell viability. These results implied that ETS‑1 could be a potential target for tumor metabolic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Mohanad Aldarouish
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Department of Oncology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224500, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Cailian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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27
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Liang C, Qin Y, Zhang B, Ji S, Shi S, Xu W, Liu J, Xiang J, Liang D, Hu Q, Liu L, Liu C, Luo G, Ni Q, Xu J, Yu X. Energy sources identify metabolic phenotypes in pancreatic cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:969-979. [PMID: 27649892 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the emerging hallmarks of cancers. As a highly malignant tumor, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is not only a metabolic disease but also a heterogeneous disease. Heterogeneity induces PDA dependence on distinct nutritive substrates, thereby inducing different metabolic phenotypes. We stratified PDA into four phenotypes with distinct types of energy metabolism, including a Warburg phenotype, a reverse Warburg phenotype, a glutaminolysis phenotype, and a lipid-dependent phenotype. The four phenotypes possess distinct metabolic features and reprogram their metabolic pathways to adapt to stress. The metabolic type present in PDA should prompt differential imaging and serologic metabolite detection for diagnosis and prognosis. The targeting of an individual metabolic phenotype with corresponding metabolic inhibitors is considered a promising therapeutic approach and, in combination with chemotherapy, is expected to be a novel strategy for PDA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinfeng Xiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dingkong Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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Liang C, Qin Y, Zhang B, Ji S, Shi S, Xu W, Liu J, Xiang J, Liang D, Hu Q, Ni Q, Xu J, Yu X. Metabolic plasticity in heterogeneous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:177-188. [PMID: 27600832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal malignant neoplasms. The recognized hallmarks of PDA are regarded to be downstream events of metabolic reprogramming. Because PDA is a heterogeneous disease that is influenced by genetic polymorphisms and changes in the microenvironment, metabolic plasticity is a novel feature of PDA. As intrinsic factors for metabolic plasticity, K-ras activation and mutations in other tumor suppressor genes induce abnormal mitochondrial metabolism and enhance glycolysis, with alterations in glutamine and lipid metabolism. As extrinsic factors, the acidic and oxygen/nutrient-deprived microenvironment also induces cancer cells to reprogram their metabolic pathway and hijack stromal cells (mainly cancer-associated fibroblasts and immunocytes) to communicate, thereby adapting to metabolic stress. Therefore, a better understanding of the metabolic features of PDA will contribute to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinfeng Xiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dingkong Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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29
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D'Aronzo M, Vinciguerra M, Mazza T, Panebianco C, Saracino C, Pereira SP, Graziano P, Pazienza V. Fasting cycles potentiate the efficacy of gemcitabine treatment in in vitro and in vivo pancreatic cancer models. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18545-57. [PMID: 26176887 PMCID: PMC4621909 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Pancreatic cancer (PC) is ranked as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advances in treatment options, a modest impact on the outcome of the disease is observed so far. Short-term fasting cycles have been shown to potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy against glioma. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fasting cycles on the efficacy of gemcitabine, a standard treatment for PC patients, in vitro and in an in vivo pancreatic cancer mouse xenograft model. Materials and Methods BxPC-3, MiaPaca-2 and Panc-1 cells were cultured in standard and fasting mimicking culturing condition to evaluate the effects of gemcitabine. Pancreatic cancer xenograft mice were subjected to 24h starvation prior to gemcitabine injection to assess the tumor volume and weight as compared to mice fed ad libitum. Results Fasted pancreatic cancer cells showed increased levels of equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1), the transporter of gemcitabine across the cell membrane, and decreased ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) levels as compared to those cultured in standard medium. Gemcitabine was more effective in inducing cell death on fasted cells as compared to controls. Consistently, xenograft pancreatic cancer mice subjected to fasting cycles prior to gemcitabine injection displayed a decrease of more than 40% in tumor growth. Conclusion Fasting cycles enhance gemcitabine effect in vitro and in the in vivo PC xenograft mouse model. These results suggest that restrictive dietary interventions could enhance the efficacy of existing cancer treatments in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina D'Aronzo
- Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.,Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.,School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Istituto Mendel, Italy
| | - Concetta Panebianco
- Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Chiara Saracino
- Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Graziano
- Pathology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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30
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Fan Y, Gan Y, Shen Y, Cai X, Song Y, Zhao F, Yao M, Gu J, Tu H. Leptin signaling enhances cell invasion and promotes the metastasis of human pancreatic cancer via increasing MMP-13 production. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16120-34. [PMID: 25948792 PMCID: PMC4599260 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that leptin, an adipokine related to energy homeostasis, plays a role in cancer growth and metastasis. However, its impact on pancreatic cancer is rarely studied. In this study, we found that leptin's functional receptor Ob-Rb was expressed in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Treatment with leptin enhanced the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells but did not affect the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells. Leptin up-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The overexpression of leptin was shown to significantly promote tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in a subcutaneous model and an orthotopic model of human pancreatic cancer, respectively. Furthermore, in human pancreatic cancer tissues, the expression of Ob-Rb was positively correlated with the MMP-13 level. The increased expression of either Ob-Rb or MMP-13 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and tended to be associated with the TNM stage in patients with pancreatic cancer. Our findings suggest that leptin enhances the invasion of pancreatic cancer through the increase in MMP-13 production, and targeting the leptin/MMP-13 axis could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianren Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Brandi J, Dalla Pozza E, Dando I, Biondani G, Robotti E, Jenkins R, Elliott V, Park K, Marengo E, Costello E, Scarpa A, Palmieri M, Cecconi D. Secretome protein signature of human pancreatic cancer stem-like cells. J Proteomics 2016; 136:1-12. [PMID: 26850699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Emerging research has demonstrated that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contains a sub-population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) characterized by self-renewal, anchorage-independent-growth, long-term proliferation and chemoresistance. The secretome analysis of pancreatic CSCs has not yet been performed, although it may provide insight into tumour/microenvironment interactions and intracellular processes, as well as to identify potential biomarkers. To characterize the secreted proteins of pancreatic CSCs, we performed an iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis to compare the secretomes of Panc1 cancer stem-like cells (Panc1 CSCs) and parental cell line. A total of 72 proteins were found up-/down-regulated in the conditioned medium of Panc1 CSCs. The pathway analysis revealed modulation of vital physiological pathways including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate. Through ELISA immunoassays we analysed the presence of the three proteins most highly secreted by Panc1 CSCs (ceruloplasmin, galectin-3, and MARCKS) in sera of PDAC patient. ROC curve analysis suggests ceruloplasmin as promising marker for patients negative for CA19-9. Overall, our study provides a systemic secretome analysis of pancreatic CSCs revealing a number of secreted proteins which participate in pathological conditions including cancer differentiation, invasion and metastasis. They may serve as a valuable pool of proteins from which biomarkers and therapeutic targets can be identified. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The secretome of CSCs is a rich reservoir of biomarkers of cancer progression and molecular therapeutic targets, and thus is a topic of great interest for cancer research. The secretome analysis of pancreatic CSCs has not yet been performed. Recently, our group has demonstrated that Panc-1 CSCs isolated from parental cell line by using the CSC selective medium, represent a model of great importance to deepen the understanding of the biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first proteomic study of pancreatic CSC secretome. We performed an iTRAQ-based analysis to compare the secretomes of Panc1 CSCs and Panc1 parental cell line and identified a total of 43 proteins secreted at higher level by pancreatic cancer stem cells. We found modulation of different vital physiological pathways (such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway) and the involvement of CSC secreted proteins (for example 72kDa type IV collagenase, galectin-3, alpha-actinin-4, and MARCKS) in pathological conditions including cancer differentiation, invasion and metastasis. By ELISA verification we found that MARCKS and ceruloplasmin discriminate between controls and PDAC patients; in addition ROC curve analyses indicate that MARCKS does not have diagnostic accuracy, while ceruloplasmin could be a promising marker only for patients negative for CA19-9. We think that the findings reported in our manuscript advance the understanding of the pathways implicated in tumourigenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer, and also identify a pool of proteins from which novel candidate diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers could be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Brandi
- University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- University of Verona, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dando
- University of Verona, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Giulia Biondani
- University of Verona, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Elisa Robotti
- University of Piemonte Orientale, Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Rosalind Jenkins
- University of Liverpool, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Elliott
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Therapeutic Cancer Medicine, Liverpool L69 3GA, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Park
- University of Liverpool, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Emilio Marengo
- University of Piemonte Orientale, Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Eithne Costello
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Therapeutic Cancer Medicine, Liverpool L69 3GA, United Kingdom
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC-NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- University of Verona, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Verona 37134, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Verona 37134, Italy
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Yuan C, Clish CB, Wu C, Mayers JR, Kraft P, Townsend MK, Zhang M, Tworoger SS, Bao Y, Qian ZR, Rubinson DA, Ng K, Giovannucci EL, Ogino S, Stampfer MJ, Gaziano JM, Ma J, Sesso HD, Anderson GL, Cochrane BB, Manson JE, Torrence ME, Kimmelman AC, Amundadottir LT, Vander Heiden MG, Fuchs CS, Wolpin BM. Circulating Metabolites and Survival Among Patients With Pancreatic Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djv409. [PMID: 26755275 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic tumors cause changes in whole-body metabolism, but whether prediagnostic circulating metabolites predict survival is unknown. METHODS We measured 82 metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in prediagnostic plasma from 484 pancreatic cancer case patients enrolled in four prospective cohort studies. Association of metabolites with survival was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, cohort, race/ethnicity, cancer stage, fasting time, and diagnosis year. After multiple-hypothesis testing correction, a P value of .0006 or less (.05/82) was considered statistically significant. Based on the results, we evaluated 33 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ACO1 gene, requiring a P value of less than .002 (.05/33) for statistical significance. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Two metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle--isocitrate and aconitate--were statistically significantly associated with survival. Participants in the highest vs lowest quintile had hazard ratios (HRs) for death of 1.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06 to 3.35, Ptrend < .001) for isocitrate and 2.54 (95% CI = 1.42 to 4.54, Ptrend < .001) for aconitate. Isocitrate is interconverted with citrate via the intermediate aconitate in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme aconitase 1 (ACO1). Therefore, we investigated the citrate to aconitate plus isocitrate ratio and SNPs in the ACO1 gene. The ratio was strongly associated with survival (P trend < .001) as was the SNP rs7874815 in the ACO1 gene (hazard ratio for death per minor allele = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.61, P < .001). Patients had an approximately three-fold hazard for death when possessing one or more minor alleles at rs7874851 and high aconitate or isocitrate. CONCLUSIONS Prediagnostic circulating levels of TCA cycle intermediates and inherited ACO1 genotypes were associated with survival among patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Clary B Clish
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Jared R Mayers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Ying Bao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Douglas A Rubinson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - John Michael Gaziano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Garnet L Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Barbara B Cochrane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Margaret E Torrence
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Laufey T Amundadottir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK)
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY, ZRQ, DAR, KN, SO, MGVH, CSF, BMW); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (CBC, MGVH); Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (CW); Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (JRM, MET, MGVH); Department of Epidemiology (PK, SST, ELG, SO, MJS, JM, HDS, JEM), Department of Biostatistics (PK), and Department of Nutrition (ELG, MJS), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology (SO), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (MKT, SST, YB, ELG, MJS, JM, JEM, CSF) and Division of Preventive Medicine (JMG, HDS, JEM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MZ, LTA); Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (GLA); University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA (BBC); Division of Genomic Stability and DNA repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (ACK).
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Zhang J, He DH, Zajac-Kaye M, Hochwald SN. A small molecule FAK kinase inhibitor, GSK2256098, inhibits growth and survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3143-9. [PMID: 25486573 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.949550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) hyperactivation is common in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A small molecule, GSK2256098 (GlaxoSmithKline), has been developed to inhibit FAK activity through targeting the phosphorylation site of FAK, tyrosine (Y) 397. We sought to determine whether GSK2256098 inhibition of FAK Y397 phosphorylation attenuates PDAC-associated cell proliferation, motility and survival. Cultured PDAC cells were used as cellular models of GSK2256098-impaired abnormal growth. Western blot analysis, cell viability analysis, clonogenic survival, soft-agar and wound healing assays were performed. The responses of 6 PDAC cell lines in regards to FAK Y397 phosphorylation or activity to GSK2256098 treatments (0.1-10 μM) ranged from low (less than 20% inhibition) to high (more than 90% inhibition). The least and most sensitive cell lines (PANC-1 and L3.6P1) were selected for further analysis. GSK2256098 inhibition of FAK Y397 phosphorylation correlated with decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt and ERK in L3.6P1 cells. GSK2256098 decreased cell viability, anchorage-independent growth, and motility in a dose dependent manner. Current studies demonstrate that small molecule kinase inhibitors targeting FAK Y397 phosphorylation can inhibit PDAC cell growth. Assessments of FAK Y397 phosphorylation in biopsies may be used as a biomarker to select the subgroup of responsive patients and/or monitor the effects of GSK2256098 on FAK-modulated tumor growth during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Zhang
- a Department of Surgical Oncology ; Roswell Park Cancer Institute ; Elm and Carlton Streets ; Buffalo , NY USA
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34
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Cohen R, Neuzillet C, Tijeras-Raballand A, Faivre S, de Gramont A, Raymond E. Targeting cancer cell metabolism in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:16832-47. [PMID: 26164081 PMCID: PMC4627277 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer death by 2030. Current therapeutic options are limited, warranting an urgent need to explore innovative treatment strategies. Due to specific microenvironment constraints including an extensive desmoplastic stroma reaction, PDAC faces major metabolic challenges, principally hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Their connection with oncogenic alterations such as KRAS mutations has brought metabolic reprogramming to the forefront of PDAC therapeutic research. The Warburg effect, glutamine addiction, and autophagy stand as the most important adaptive metabolic mechanisms of cancer cells themselves, however metabolic reprogramming is also an important feature of the tumor microenvironment, having a major impact on epigenetic reprogramming and tumor cell interactions with its complex stroma. We present a comprehensive overview of the main metabolic adaptations contributing to PDAC development and progression. A review of current and future therapies targeting this range of metabolic pathways is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Cohen
- INSERM U728, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP – PRES Paris 7 Diderot), Clichy La Garenne, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- INSERM U728, Beaujon University Hospital (AP-HP – PRES Paris 7 Diderot), Clichy La Garenne, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | | | - Sandrine Faivre
- Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armand de Gramont
- New Drug Evaluation Laboratory, Centre of Experimental Therapeutics and Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Raymond
- Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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35
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Guillaumond F, Bidaut G, Ouaissi M, Servais S, Gouirand V, Olivares O, Lac S, Borge L, Roques J, Gayet O, Pinault M, Guimaraes C, Nigri J, Loncle C, Lavaut MN, Garcia S, Tailleux A, Staels B, Calvo E, Tomasini R, Iovanna JL, Vasseur S. Cholesterol uptake disruption, in association with chemotherapy, is a promising combined metabolic therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:2473-8. [PMID: 25675507 PMCID: PMC4345573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421601112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The malignant progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is accompanied by a profound desmoplasia, which forces proliferating tumor cells to metabolically adapt to this new microenvironment. We established the PDAC metabolic signature to highlight the main activated tumor metabolic pathways. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identified lipid-related metabolic pathways as being the most highly enriched in PDAC, compared with a normal pancreas. Our study revealed that lipoprotein metabolic processes, in particular cholesterol uptake, are drastically activated in the tumor. This process results in an increase in the amount of cholesterol and an overexpression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in pancreatic tumor cells. These findings identify LDLR as a novel metabolic target to limit PDAC progression. Here, we demonstrate that shRNA silencing of LDLR, in pancreatic tumor cells, profoundly reduces uptake of cholesterol and alters its distribution, decreases tumor cell proliferation, and limits activation of ERK1/2 survival pathway. Moreover, blocking cholesterol uptake sensitizes cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and potentiates the effect of chemotherapy on PDAC regression. Clinically, high PDAC Ldlr expression is not restricted to a specific tumor stage but is correlated to a higher risk of disease recurrence. This study provides a precise overview of lipid metabolic pathways that are disturbed in PDAC. We also highlight the high dependence of pancreatic cancer cells upon cholesterol uptake, and identify LDLR as a promising metabolic target for combined therapy, to limit PDAC progression and disease patient relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Guillaumond
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ghislain Bidaut
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Ouaissi
- INSERM, UMR911, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, F-13385 Marseille, France; Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Viscérale, F-13385 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Servais
- INSERM, U1069, Laboratoire Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Victoire Gouirand
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Orianne Olivares
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Lac
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Borge
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Julie Roques
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Odile Gayet
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Michelle Pinault
- INSERM, U1069, Laboratoire Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Cyrille Guimaraes
- INSERM, U1069, Laboratoire Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Jérémy Nigri
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Céline Loncle
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Lavaut
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France; Service Hospitalier d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques Humaines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, F-13015 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Garcia
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France; Service Hospitalier d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques Humaines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, F-13015 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, FR 3508, Université Lille 2, INSERM, U1011, and Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; and
| | - Bart Staels
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, FR 3508, Université Lille 2, INSERM, U1011, and Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; and
| | - Ezequiel Calvo
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Richard Tomasini
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Juan Lucio Iovanna
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Vasseur
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, and Université Aix-Marseille, F-13009 Marseille, France;
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36
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Ogawa H, Nagano H, Konno M, Eguchi H, Koseki J, Kawamoto K, Nishida N, Colvin H, Tomokuni A, Tomimaru Y, Hama N, Wada H, Marubashi S, Kobayashi S, Mori M, Doki Y, Ishii H. The combination of the expression of hexokinase 2 and pyruvate kinase M2 is a prognostic marker in patients with pancreatic cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:563-571. [PMID: 26137268 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism may determine the biologically malignant behavior of pancreatic cancer. To investigate the significance and prognostic value of cancer metabolism in cancer patients, we investigated the expression of two key enzymes in anaerobic glycolysis, hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2), in surgical specimens obtained from 36 patients who underwent curative resection of pancreatic ductal carcinoma. The hk2-glycolysis axis is a key system in the clinical imaging of tumors via positron emission tomography. Immunohistochemical staining for hk2 and pkm2 was performed and the data were statistically analyzed to evaluate their prognostic power. The expression of hk2 and pkm2 was associated with clinicopathological variables and patient prognosis, including overall survival, local recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival. Staining for hk2 was negative and positive in 42 and 58% of the patients, respectively, whereas staining for pkm2 was negative and positive in 56 and 44%, respectively; hk2-positive staining was correlated with progressive pathological tumor stage (pT3 vs. pT1 and pT2; P=0.017). In the univariate analysis, the positive expression of hk2 and pkm2, pathological stage (pT3 vs. pT1 and pT2) and nodal metastasis were significantly correlated with poor prognosis (P<0.03). In the multivariate analysis, pathological nodal metastasis was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival, whereas the positive expression of hk2 and pkm2 exhibited borderline significance (P=0.08 and 0.12, hazard ratio = 2.57 and 2.16, respectively). In addition, the combination of high expression of hk2 as well as pkm2 was found to be significant (P<0.05). These results suggested that the expression of hk2 and pkm2, particularly their combination, in surgical specimens obtained during curative resection, may predict an unfavorable clinical outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ; Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Koseki
- Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ; Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ; Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hugh Colvin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Tomokuni
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Hama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Marubashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ; Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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37
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Li G, Gan Y, Fan Y, Wu Y, Lin H, Song Y, Cai X, Yu X, Pan W, Yao M, Gu J, Tu H. Enriched environment inhibits mouse pancreatic cancer growth and down-regulates the expression of mitochondria-related genes in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7856. [PMID: 25598223 PMCID: PMC4297951 DOI: 10.1038/srep07856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Psycho-social stress has been suggested to influence the development of cancer, but it remains poorly defined with regard to pancreatic cancer, a lethal malignancy with few effective treatment modalities. In this study, we sought to investigate the impacts of enriched environment (EE) housing, a rodent model of "eustress", on the growth of mouse pancreatic cancer, and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms through gene expression profiling. The EE mice showed significantly reduced tumor weights in both subcutaneous (53%) and orthotopic (41%) models, while each single component of EE (inanimate stimulation, social stimulation or physical exercise) was not profound enough to achieve comparative anti-tumor effects as EE. The integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed that in response to EE, a total of 129 genes in the tumors showed differential expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. The differentially expressed genes were mostly localized to the mitochondria and enriched in the citrate cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Interestingly, nearly all of the mitochondria-related genes were down-regulated by EE. Our data have provided experimental evidence in favor of the application of positive stress or of benign environmental stimulation in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingchao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hechun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanfang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weihong Pan
- Blood-Brain Barrier Group, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianren Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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38
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Chapiro J, Sur S, Savic LJ, Ganapathy-Kanniappan S, Reyes J, Duran R, Thiruganasambandam SC, Moats CR, Lin M, Luo W, Tran PT, Herman JM, Semenza GL, Ewald AJ, Vogelstein B, Geschwind JF. Systemic delivery of microencapsulated 3-bromopyruvate for the therapy of pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6406-17. [PMID: 25326230 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy of a systemically administered formulation of 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA), microencapsulated in a complex with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), using an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The presence of the β-CD-3-BrPA complex was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Monolayer as well as three-dimensional organotypic cell culture was used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of β-CD-3-BrPA, free 3-BrPA, β-CD (control), and gemcitabine in MiaPaCa-2 and Suit-2 cell lines, both in normoxia and hypoxia. Phase-contrast microscopy, bioluminescence imaging (BLI), as well as zymography and Matrigel assays were used to characterize the effects of the drug in vitro. An orthotopic lucMiaPaCa-2 xenograft tumor model was used to investigate the in vivo efficacy. RESULTS β-CD-3-BrPA and free 3-BrPA demonstrated an almost identical IC50 profile in both PDAC cell lines with higher sensitivity in hypoxia. Using the Matrigel invasion assay as well as zymography, 3-BrPA showed anti-invasive effects in sublethal drug concentrations. In vivo, animals treated with β-CD-3-BrPA demonstrated minimal or no tumor progression as evident by the BLI signal as opposed to animals treated with gemcitabine or the β-CD (60-fold and 140-fold signal increase, respectively). In contrast to animals treated with free 3-BrPA, no lethal toxicity was observed for β-CD-3-BrPA. CONCLUSION The microencapsulation of 3-BrPA represents a promising step towards achieving the goal of systemically deliverable antiglycolytic tumor therapy. The strong anticancer effects of β-CD-3-BrPA combined with its favorable toxicity profile suggest that clinical trials, particularly in patients with PDAC, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Chapiro
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Surojit Sur
- Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lynn Jeanette Savic
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shanmugasundaram Ganapathy-Kanniappan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Juvenal Reyes
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rafael Duran
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Cassandra Rae Moats
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - MingDe Lin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Weibo Luo
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph M Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jean-François Geschwind
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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