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Sarogni P, Brindani N, Zamborlin A, Gonnelli A, Menicagli M, Mapanao AK, Munafò F, De Vivo M, Voliani V. Tumor growth-arrest effect of tetrahydroquinazoline-derivative human topoisomerase II-alpha inhibitor in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9150. [PMID: 38644364 PMCID: PMC11033276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral malignancies continue to have severe morbidity with less than 50% long-term survival despite the advancement in the available therapies. There is a persisting demand for new approaches to establish more efficient strategies for their treatment. In this regard, the human topoisomerase II (topoII) enzyme is a validated chemotherapeutics target, as topoII regulates vital cellular processes such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and chromosome segregation in cells. TopoII inhibitors are currently used to treat some neoplasms such as breast and small cells lung carcinomas. Additionally, topoII inhibitors are under investigation for the treatment of other cancer types, including oral cancer. Here, we report the therapeutic effect of a tetrahydroquinazoline derivative (named ARN21934) that preferentially inhibits the alpha isoform of human topoII. The treatment efficacy of ARN21934 has been evaluated in 2D cell cultures, 3D in vitro systems, and in chick chorioallantoic membrane cancer models. Overall, this work paves the way for further preclinical developments of ARN21934 and possibly other topoII alpha inhibitors of this promising chemical class as a new chemotherapeutic approach for the treatment of oral neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Sarogni
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Brindani
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Agata Zamborlin
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- NEST - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Gonnelli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Menicagli
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, via Ferruccio Giovannini, 13, 56017, S. Giuliano Terme, Italy
| | - Ana Katrina Mapanao
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Federico Munafò
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Valerio Voliani
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy.
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Carvajal-Moreno J, Wang X, Hernandez VA, Mondal M, Zhao X, Yalowich JC, Elton TS. Use of CRISPR/Cas9 with Homology-Directed Repair to Gene-Edit Topoisomerase II β in Human Leukemia K562 Cells: Generation of a Resistance Phenotype. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:186-196. [PMID: 38508753 PMCID: PMC11026151 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2β/180; 180 kDa) is a nuclear enzyme that regulates DNA topology by generation of short-lived DNA double-strand breaks, primarily during transcription. TOP2β/180 can be a target for DNA damage-stabilizing anticancer drugs, whose efficacy is often limited by chemoresistance. Our laboratory previously demonstrated reduced levels of TOP2β/180 (and the paralog TOP2α/170) in an acquired etoposide-resistant human leukemia (K562) clonal cell line, K/VP.5, in part due to overexpression of microRNA-9-3p/5p impacting post-transcriptional events. To evaluate the effect on drug sensitivity upon reduction/elimination of TOP2β/180, a premature stop codon was generated at the TOP2β/180 gene exon 19/intron 19 boundary (AGAA//GTAA→ATAG//GTAA) in parental K562 cells (which contain four TOP2β/180 alleles) by CRISPR/Cas9 editing with homology-directed repair to disrupt production of full-length TOP2β/180. Gene-edited clones were identified and verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Characterization of TOP2β/180 gene-edited clones, with one or all four TOP2β/180 alleles mutated, revealed partial or complete loss of TOP2β mRNA/protein, respectively. The loss of TOP2β/180 protein correlated with decreased (2-{4-[(7-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy}propionic acid)-induced DNA damage and partial resistance in growth inhibition assays. Partial resistance to mitoxantrone was also noted in the gene-edited clone with all four TOP2β/180 alleles modified. No cross-resistance to etoposide or mAMSA was noted in the gene-edited clones. Results demonstrated the role of TOP2β/180 in drug sensitivity/resistance in K562 cells and revealed differential paralog activity of TOP2-targeted agents. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Data indicated that CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the exon 19/intron 19 boundary in the TOP2β/180 gene to introduce a premature stop codon resulted in partial to complete disruption of TOP2β/180 expression in human leukemia (K562) cells depending on the number of edited alleles. Edited clones were partially resistant to mitoxantrone and XK469, while lacking resistance to etoposide and mAMSA. Results demonstrated the import of TOP2β/180 in drug sensitivity/resistance in K562 cells and revealed differential paralog activity of TOP2-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Carvajal-Moreno
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Victor A Hernandez
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Milon Mondal
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jack C Yalowich
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Terry S Elton
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Santos MB, de Azevedo Teotônio Cavalcanti M, de Medeiros E Silva YMS, Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, de Moura RO. Overview of the New Bioactive Heterocycles as Targeting Topoisomerase Inhibitors Useful Against Colon Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:236-262. [PMID: 38038012 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206269722231121173311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally, with high mortality. Metastatic CRC is incurable in most cases, and multiple drug therapy can increase patients' life expectancy by 2 to 3 years. Efforts are being made to understand the relationship between topoisomerase enzymes and colorectal cancer. Some studies have shown that higher expression of these enzymes is correlated to a poor prognosis for this type of cancer. One of the primary drugs used in the treatment of CRC is Irinotecan, which can be used in monotherapy or, more commonly, in therapeutic schemes such as FOLFIRI (Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Irinotecan) and CAPIRI (Capecitabine and Irinotecan). Like Camptothecin, Irinotecan and other compounds have a mechanism of action based on the formation of a ternary complex with topoisomerase I and DNA providing damage to it, therefore leading to cell death. Thus, this review focused on the principal works published in the last ten years that demonstrate a correlation between the inhibition of different isoforms of topoisomerase and in vitro cytotoxic activity against CRC by natural products, semisynthetic and synthetic compounds of pyridine, quinoline, acridine, imidazoles, indoles, and metal complexes. The results revealed that natural compounds, semisynthetic and synthetic derivatives showed potential in vitro cytotoxicity against several colon cancer cell lines, and this activity was often accompanied by the ability to inhibit both isoforms of topoisomerase (I and II), highlighting that these enzymes can be promising targets for the development of new chemotherapy against CRC. Pyridine analogs were considered the most promising for this study, while the evaluation of the real potential of natural products was limited by the lack of information in their work. Moreover, the complexes, although promising, presented as the main limitation the lack of selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirelly Barbosa Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Misael de Azevedo Teotônio Cavalcanti
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Yvnni Maria Sales de Medeiros E Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
- Departament of Pharmacy, Cesmac University Center, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Olimpio de Moura
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
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Chen J, Zhang JX, Lei HX, Li XY, Yan YX, Wang YL, Lv YH, Yan YL, Lei YH. 13-Cis Retinoic Acid Induces Neuronal Differentiation in Daoy (Medulloblastoma) Cells Through Epigenetic Regulation of Topoisomerase IIβ. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7429-7445. [PMID: 37000354 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant tumor of the cerebellum that occurs in children and infants. Abnormal neuronal differentiation can lead to brain tumors, and topoisomerase IIβ (Top IIβ) plays an important role in neuronal differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) promoting the expression of Top IIβ and inducing neuronal differentiation in human MB Daoy cells. The results showed that 13-cis RA inhibited the cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. The cells differentiated into a neuronal phenotype, with high expression of the neuronal marker microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and abundant Top IIβ, and obvious neurite growth. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) modification in Top IIβ promoter decreased after 13-cis RA-induced cell differentiation, while jumonji domain-containing protein 3 (JMJD3) binding in Top IIβ promoter increased. These results suggest that H3K27me3 and JMJD3 can regulate the expression of Top IIβ gene, which is related to inducing neural differentiation. Our results provide new insights into understanding the regulatory mechanisms of Top IIβ during neuronal differentiation and imply the potential application of 13-cis RA in the clinical treatment of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xia Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shijiazhuang Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hai-Xia Lei
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xing-Yu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xin Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hua Lei
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Bartas M, Slychko K, Červeň J, Pečinka P, Arndt-Jovin DJ, Jovin TM. Extensive Bioinformatics Analyses Reveal a Phylogenetically Conserved Winged Helix (WH) Domain (Zτ) of Topoisomerase IIα, Elucidating Its Very High Affinity for Left-Handed Z-DNA and Suggesting Novel Putative Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10740. [PMID: 37445918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic processes operating on genomic DNA, such as gene expression and cellular division, lead inexorably to topological challenges in the form of entanglements, catenanes, knots, "bubbles", R-loops, and other outcomes of supercoiling and helical disruption. The resolution of toxic topological stress is the function attributed to DNA topoisomerases. A prominent example is the negative supercoiling (nsc) trailing processive enzymes such as DNA and RNA polymerases. The multiple equilibrium states that nscDNA can adopt by redistribution of helical twist and writhe include the left-handed double-helical conformation known as Z-DNA. Thirty years ago, one of our labs isolated a protein from Drosophila cells and embryos with a 100-fold greater affinity for Z-DNA than for B-DNA, and identified it as topoisomerase II (gene Top2, orthologous to the human UniProt proteins TOP2A and TOP2B). GTP increased the affinity and selectivity for Z-DNA even further and also led to inhibition of the isomerase enzymatic activity. An allosteric mechanism was proposed, in which topoII acts as a Z-DNA-binding protein (ZBP) to stabilize given states of topological (sub)domains and associated multiprotein complexes. We have now explored this possibility by comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of the available protein sequences of topoII representing organisms covering the whole tree of life. Multiple alignment of these sequences revealed an extremely high level of evolutionary conservation, including a winged-helix protein segment, here denoted as Zτ, constituting the putative structural homolog of Zα, the canonical Z-DNA/Z-RNA binding domain previously identified in the interferon-inducible RNA Adenosine-to-Inosine-editing deaminase, ADAR1p150. In contrast to Zα, which is separate from the protein segment responsible for catalysis, Zτ encompasses the active site tyrosine of topoII; a GTP-binding site and a GxxG sequence motif are in close proximity. Quantitative Zτ-Zα similarity comparisons and molecular docking with interaction scoring further supported the "B-Z-topoII hypothesis" and has led to an expanded mechanism for topoII function incorporating the recognition of Z-DNA segments ("Z-flipons") as an inherent and essential element. We further propose that the two Zτ domains of the topoII homodimer exhibit a single-turnover "conformase" activity on given G(ate) B-DNA segments ("Z-flipins"), inducing their transition to the left-handed Z-conformation. Inasmuch as the topoII-Z-DNA complexes are isomerase inactive, we infer that they fulfill important structural roles in key processes such as mitosis. Topoisomerases are preeminent targets of anti-cancer drug discovery, and we anticipate that detailed elucidation of their structural-functional interactions with Z-DNA and GTP will facilitate the design of novel, more potent and selective anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bartas
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Slychko
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Červeň
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pečinka
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Donna J Arndt-Jovin
- Emeritus Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Jovin
- Emeritus Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Jian JY, McCarty KD, Byl J, Guengerich FP, Neuman K, Osheroff N. Basis for the discrimination of supercoil handedness during DNA cleavage by human and bacterial type II topoisomerases. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:3888-3902. [PMID: 36999602 PMCID: PMC10164583 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To perform double-stranded DNA passage, type II topoisomerases generate a covalent enzyme-cleaved DNA complex (i.e. cleavage complex). Although this complex is a requisite enzyme intermediate, it is also intrinsically dangerous to genomic stability. Consequently, cleavage complexes are the targets for several clinically relevant anticancer and antibacterial drugs. Human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ and bacterial gyrase maintain higher levels of cleavage complexes with negatively supercoiled over positively supercoiled DNA substrates. Conversely, bacterial topoisomerase IV is less able to distinguish DNA supercoil handedness. Despite the importance of supercoil geometry to the activities of type II topoisomerases, the basis for supercoil handedness recognition during DNA cleavage has not been characterized. Based on the results of benchtop and rapid-quench flow kinetics experiments, the forward rate of cleavage is the determining factor of how topoisomerase IIα/IIβ, gyrase and topoisomerase IV distinguish supercoil handedness in the absence or presence of anticancer/antibacterial drugs. In the presence of drugs, this ability can be enhanced by the formation of more stable cleavage complexes with negatively supercoiled DNA. Finally, rates of enzyme-mediated DNA ligation do not contribute to the recognition of DNA supercoil geometry during cleavage. Our results provide greater insight into how type II topoisomerases recognize their DNA substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y Jian
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin D McCarty
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jo Ann W Byl
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Keir C Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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7
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Çepni E, Börklü E, Avcı Ş, Kalaycı T, Eraslan S, Kayserili H. Revisiting TOP2B-related phenotypes: Three new cases and literature review. Clin Genet 2023. [PMID: 37068767 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA Topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) acts on DNA topology during transcription and has a critical role in neural development. Heterozygous pathogenic changes in its encoding gene, TOP2B (MIM *126431), has been linked with three overlapping phenotypes characterized by immunodeficiency, acral and urogenital anomalies: Hoffman, BILU and Ablepharon-macrostomia-like syndrome. We herein report on a mother and two sons with distinct TOP2B-phenotype. Two males reported further delineated genital phenotype of males and all reported patients were reviewed for genotype-phenotype correlation. We believe the patients reported herein along with the previously defined 11 represent a phenotypic spectrum from mild-to-severe immunological, acral and urogenital involvement, for which we propose the acronym "TOP2B-related Immunodeficiency and Congenital Anomalies Spectrum (TICAS)".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Çepni
- Institute of Health Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Börklü
- Genetic Diseases Evaluation Center, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şahin Avcı
- Genetic Diseases Evaluation Center, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Kalaycı
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serpil Eraslan
- Genetic Diseases Evaluation Center, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Institute of Health Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Genetic Diseases Evaluation Center, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSoM), Istanbul, Turkey
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Lenin B, Ramasubramanyan S, Vetrivel U, Chitipothu S. Virtual screening and multilevel precision-based prioritisation of natural inhibitors targeting the ATPase domain of human DNA topoisomerase II alpha. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15177-15195. [PMID: 36898858 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2187234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Human DNA topoisomerase II alpha (hTopIIα) is a classic chemotherapeutic drug target. The existing hTopIIα poisons cause numerous side effects such as the development of cardiotoxicity, secondary malignancies, and multidrug resistance. The use of catalytic inhibitors targeting the ATP-binding cavity of the enzyme is considered a safer alternative due to the less deleterious mechanism of action. Hence, in this study, we carried out high throughput structure-based virtual screening of the NPASS natural product database against the ATPase domain of hTopIIα and identified the five best ligand hits. This was followed by comprehensive validation through molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy calculation and ADMET analysis. On stringent multilevel prioritization, we identified promising natural product catalytic inhibitors that showed high binding affinity and stability within the ligand-binding cavity and may serve as ideal hits for anticancer drug development.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barathi Lenin
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sharada Ramasubramanyan
- RS Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Srujana Chitipothu
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Central Research Instrumentation Facility, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Okoro CO, Fatoki TH. A Mini Review of Novel Topoisomerase II Inhibitors as Future Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032532. [PMID: 36768852 PMCID: PMC9916523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several reviews of inhibitors of topoisomerase II have been published, covering research before 2018. Therefore, this review is focused primarily on more recent publications with relevant points from the earlier literature. Topoisomerase II is an established target for anticancer drugs, which are further subdivided into poisons and catalytic inhibitors. While most of the topoisomerase II-based drugs in clinical use are mostly topoisomerase II poisons, their mechanism of action has posed severe concern due to DNA damaging potential, including the development of multi-drug resistance. As a result, we are beginning to see a gradual paradigm shift towards non-DNA damaging agents, such as the lesser studied topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitors. In addition, this review describes some novel selective catalytic topoisomerase II inhibitors. The ultimate goal is to bring researchers up to speed by curating and delineating new scaffolds as the leads for the optimization and development of new potent, safe, and selective agents for the treatment of cancer.
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Dual Targeting Topoisomerase/G-Quadruplex Agents in Cancer Therapy-An Overview. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112932. [PMID: 36428499 PMCID: PMC9687504 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase (Topo) inhibitors have long been known as clinically effective drugs, while G-quadruplex (G4)-targeting compounds are emerging as a promising new strategy to target tumor cells and could support personalized treatment approaches in the near future. G-quadruplex (G4) is a secondary four-stranded DNA helical structure constituted of guanine-rich nucleic acids, and its stabilization impairs telomere replication, triggering the activation of several protein factors at telomere levels, including Topos. Thus, the pharmacological intervention through the simultaneous G4 stabilization and Topos inhibition offers a new opportunity to achieve greater antiproliferative activity and circumvent cellular insensitivity and resistance. In this line, dual ligands targeting both Topos and G4 emerge as innovative, efficient agents in cancer therapy. Although the research in this field is still limited, to date, some chemotypes have been identified, showing this dual activity and an interesting pharmacological profile. This paper reviews the available literature on dual Topo inhibitors/G4 stabilizing agents, with particular attention to the structure-activity relationship studies correlating the dual activity with the cytotoxic activity.
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11
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Liu C, Li L, Yang B, Zhao Y, Dong X, Zhu L, Ren X, Huang B, Yue J, Jin L, Zhang H, Wang L. Transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenine methylation in granulosa cells of women with decreased ovarian reserve. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:240. [PMID: 35346019 PMCID: PMC8961905 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The emerging epitranscriptome plays an essential role in female fertility. As the most prevalent internal mRNA modification, N6-methyladenine (m6A) methylation regulate mRNA fate and translational efficiency. However, whether m6A methylation was involved in the aging-related ovarian reserve decline has not been investigated. Herein, we performed m6A transcriptome-wide profiling in the ovarian granulosa cells of younger women (younger group) and older women (older group).
Results
m6A methylation distribution was highly conserved and enriched in the CDS and 3’UTR region. Besides, an increased number of m6A methylated genes were identified in the older group. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that m6A methylated genes were enriched in the FoxO signaling pathway, adherens junction, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. A total of 435 genes were differently expressed in the older group, moreover, 58 of them were modified by m6A. Several specific genes, including BUB1B, PHC2, TOP2A, DDR2, KLF13, and RYR2 which were differently expressed and modified by m6A, were validated using qRT-PCR and might be involved in the decreased ovarian functions in the aging ovary.
Conclusions
Hence, our finding revealed the transcriptional significance of m6A modifications and provide potential therapeutic targets to promote fertility reservation for aging women.
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12
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Moreira F, Arenas M, Videira A, Pereira F. Evolutionary History of TOPIIA Topoisomerases in Animals. J Mol Evol 2022; 90:149-165. [PMID: 35165762 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-022-10048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
TOPIIA topoisomerases are required for the regulation of DNA topology by DNA cleavage and re-ligation and are important targets of antibiotic and anticancer agents. Humans possess two TOPIIA paralogue genes (TOP2A and TOP2B) with high sequence and structural similarity but distinct cellular functions. Despite their functional and clinical relevance, the evolutionary history of TOPIIA is still poorly understood. Here we show that TOPIIA is highly conserved in Metazoa. We also found that TOPIIA paralogues from jawed and jawless vertebrates had different origins related with tetraploidization events. After duplication, TOP2B evolved under a stronger purifying selection than TOP2A, perhaps promoted by the more specialized role of TOP2B in postmitotic cells. We also detected genetic signatures of positive selection in the highly variable C-terminal domain (CTD), possibly associated with adaptation to cellular interactions. By comparing TOPIIA from modern and archaic humans, we found two amino acid substitutions in the TOP2A CTD, suggesting that TOP2A may have contributed to the evolution of present-day humans, as proposed for other cell cycle-related genes. Finally, we identified six residues conferring resistance to chemotherapy differing between TOP2A and TOP2B. These six residues could be targets for the development of TOP2A-specific inhibitors that would avoid the side effects caused by inhibiting TOP2B. Altogether, our findings clarify the origin, diversification and selection pressures governing the evolution of animal TOPIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Moreira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Arenas
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Arnaldo Videira
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Pereira
- IDENTIFICA Genetic Testing, Rua Simão Bolívar 259 3º Dir Tras, 4470-214, Maia, Portugal.
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
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13
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Kozurkova M. Acridine derivatives as inhibitors/poisons of topoisomerase II. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:544-552. [PMID: 34514603 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential of acridines (amsacrine) as a topoisomerase II inhibitor or poison was first discovered in 1984, and since then, a considerable number of acridine derivatives have been tested as topoisomerase inhibitors/poisons, containing different substituents on the acridine chromophore. This review will discuss a series of studies published over the course of the last decade, which have investigated various novel acridine derivatives against topoisomerase II activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kozurkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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14
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Shalimova A, Babasieva V, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Schiöth HB, Mwinyi J. Therapy response prediction in major depressive disorder: current and novel genomic markers influencing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:485-503. [PMID: 34018822 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is connected with high rates of functional disability and mortality. About a third of the patients are at risk of therapy failure. Several pharmacogenetic markers especially located in CYP450 genes such as CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 are of relevance for therapy outcome prediction in major depressive disorder but a further optimization of predictive tools is warranted. The article summarizes the current knowledge on pharmacogenetic variants, therapy effects and side effects of important antidepressive therapeutics, and sheds light on new methodological approaches for therapy response estimation based on genetic markers with relevance for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease pathology identified in genome-wide association study analyses, highlighting polygenic risk score analysis as a tool for further optimization of individualized therapy outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Shalimova
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, 751 24, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Viktoria Babasieva
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, 751 24, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine & Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, 751 24, Sweden.,Institute of Translational Medicine & Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, 751 24, Sweden
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15
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Li YQ, Zheng Z, Liu QX, Lu X, Zhou D, Zhang J, Zheng H, Dai JG. Repositioning of Antiparasitic Drugs for Tumor Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:670804. [PMID: 33996598 PMCID: PMC8117216 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.670804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning is a strategy for identifying new antitumor drugs; this strategy allows existing and approved clinical drugs to be innovatively repurposed to treat tumors. Based on the similarities between parasitic diseases and cancer, recent studies aimed to investigate the efficacy of existing antiparasitic drugs in cancer. In this review, we selected two antihelminthic drugs (macrolides and benzimidazoles) and two antiprotozoal drugs (artemisinin and its derivatives, and quinolines) and summarized the research progresses made to date on the role of these drugs in cancer. Overall, these drugs regulate tumor growth via multiple targets, pathways, and modes of action. These antiparasitic drugs are good candidates for comprehensive, in-depth analyses of tumor occurrence and development. In-depth studies may improve the current tumor diagnoses and treatment regimens. However, for clinical application, current investigations are still insufficient, warranting more comprehensive analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-Gang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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16
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McKie SJ, Neuman KC, Maxwell A. DNA topoisomerases: Advances in understanding of cellular roles and multi-protein complexes via structure-function analysis. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000286. [PMID: 33480441 PMCID: PMC7614492 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases, capable of manipulating DNA topology, are ubiquitous and indispensable for cellular survival due to the numerous roles they play during DNA metabolism. As we review here, current structural approaches have revealed unprecedented insights into the complex DNA-topoisomerase interaction and strand passage mechanism, helping to advance our understanding of their activities in vivo. This has been complemented by single-molecule techniques, which have facilitated the detailed dissection of the various topoisomerase reactions. Recent work has also revealed the importance of topoisomerase interactions with accessory proteins and other DNA-associated proteins, supporting the idea that they often function as part of multi-enzyme assemblies in vivo. In addition, novel topoisomerases have been identified and explored, such as topo VIII and Mini-A. These new findings are advancing our understanding of DNA-related processes and the vital functions topos fulfil, demonstrating their indispensability in virtually every aspect of DNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J. McKie
- Department Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, NHLBI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keir C. Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, NHLBI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony Maxwell
- Department Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
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17
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Baglini E, Salerno S, Barresi E, Robello M, Da Settimo F, Taliani S, Marini AM. Multiple Topoisomerase I (TopoI), Topoisomerase II (TopoII) and Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase (TDP) inhibitors in the development of anticancer drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 156:105594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Bergant Loboda K, Janežič M, Štampar M, Žegura B, Filipič M, Perdih A. Substituted 4,5'-Bithiazoles as Catalytic Inhibitors of Human DNA Topoisomerase IIα. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3662-3678. [PMID: 32484690 PMCID: PMC7469689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human type II topoisomerases, molecular motors that alter the DNA topology, are a major target of modern chemotherapy. Groups of catalytic inhibitors represent a new approach to overcome the known limitations of topoisomerase II poisons such as cardiotoxicity and induction of secondary tumors. Here, we present a class of substituted 4,5'-bithiazoles as catalytic inhibitors targeting the human DNA topoisomerase IIα. Based on a structural comparison of the ATPase domains of human and bacterial type II topoisomerase, a focused chemical library of 4,5'-bithiazoles was assembled and screened to identify compounds that better fit the topology of the human topo IIα adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) binding site. Selected compounds showed inhibition of human topo IIα comparable to that of the etoposide topo II drug, revealing a new class of inhibitors targeting this molecular motor. Further investigations showed that compounds act as catalytic inhibitors via competitive ATP inhibition. We also confirmed binding to the truncated ATPase domain of topo IIα and modeled the inhibitor molecular recognition with molecular simulations and dynophore models. The compounds also displayed promising cytotoxicity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines comparable to that of etoposide. In a more detailed study with the HepG2 cell line, there was no induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and the compounds were able to reduce cell proliferation and stop the cell cycle mainly in the G1 phase. This confirms the mechanism of action of these compounds, which differs from topo II poisons also at the cellular level. Substituted 4,5'-bithiazoles appear to be a promising class for further development toward efficient and potentially safer cancer therapies exploiting the alternative topo II inhibition paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Bergant Loboda
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Janežič
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Martina Štampar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Filipič
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Perdih
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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19
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Sakurai R, Kaira K, Miura Y, Sunaga N, Saito R, Oyama T, Hisada T, Yamada M. Clinical significance of topoisomerase-II expression in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with amrubicin. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:426-435. [PMID: 31901017 PMCID: PMC6997014 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amrubicin chemotherapy is a treatment option for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after third‐line treatment in Japan. Although topoisomerase‐II (Topo‐II), a target of amrubicin, has been reported to be a prognostic or predictive marker for chemosensitivity and clinical outcomes in various types of malignancies, its effects in the Japanese population remain unknown. Methods Data regarding 44 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with amrubicin between April 2004 and May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. We evaluated the expression levels of Topo‐II by immunohistochemical staining of tumor specimens obtained via biopsy or surgical resection. Results The majority of enrolled patients were men (68%) with a median age of 67 (range, 43–78) years. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma (70%). High Topo‐II expression was observed in 13 (30%) of the 44 patients. The median progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS) durations were 1.8 and 8.8 months, respectively. While there was no significant association between Topo‐II expression and progression‐free survival, patients with low Topo‐II expression had significantly longer OS than did those with high Topo‐II expression. Good performance status and low expression of Topo‐II were all significantly associated with a favorable OS. Conclusion Low expression of Topo‐II was identified as an independent prognostic factor for longer survival in patients with NSCLC receiving amrubicin, a Topo‐II inhibitor. Key points
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Sakurai
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miura
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sunaga
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryusei Saito
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hisada
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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20
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Ramazani M, Jaktaji RP, Shirazi FH, Tavakoli-Ardakani M, Salimi A, Pourahmad J. Analysis of apoptosis related genes in nurses exposed to anti-neoplastic drugs. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:74. [PMID: 31791417 PMCID: PMC6889625 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-neoplastic agents are widely used in the treatment of cancer and some non-neoplastic diseases. These drugs have been proved to be carcinogens, teratogens, and mutagens. Concern exists regarding the possible dangers of the staff handling anti-cancer drugs. The long-term exposure of nurses to anti-neoplastic drugs is still a controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to monitor cellular toxicity parameters and gene expression in nurses who work in chemotherapy wards and compare them to nurses who work in other wards. METHODS To analyze the apoptosis-related genes overexpression and cytotoxicity effects, peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from oncology nurses and the control group. THE RESULTS Significant alterations in four analyzed apoptosis-related genes were observed in oncology nurses. In most individual samples being excavated, Bcl-2 overexpression is superior to that of Bax. Prominent P53 and Hif-1α up-regulation were observed in oncology nurses. Moreover, all cytotoxicity parameters (cell viability, ROS formation, MMP collapse, Lysosomal membrane damage, Lipid peroxidation, Caspase 3 activity and Apoptosis phenotype) in exposed oncology nurses were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than those of unexposed control nurses. Up-regulation of three analyzed apoptosis-related genes were observed in nurses occupationally exposed to anti-cancer drugs. CONCLUSION Our data show that oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity induced by anti-neoplastic drugs lead to overexpression of apoptosis-related genes in oncology nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Ramazani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farshad H Shirazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Tavakoli-Ardakani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Reguera RM, Elmahallawy EK, García-Estrada C, Carbajo-Andrés R, Balaña-Fouce R. DNA Topoisomerases of Leishmania Parasites; Druggable Targets for Drug Discovery. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5900-5923. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180518074959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases (Top) are a group of isomerase enzymes responsible for controlling the topological problems caused by DNA double helix in the cell during the processes of replication, transcription and recombination. Interestingly, these enzymes have been known since long to be key molecular machines in several cellular processes through overwinding or underwinding of DNA in all living organisms. Leishmania, a trypanosomatid parasite responsible for causing fatal diseases mostly in impoverished populations of low-income countries, has a set of six classes of Top enzymes. These are placed in the nucleus and the single mitochondrion and can be deadly targets of suitable drugs. Given the fact that there are clear differences in structure and expression between parasite and host enzymes, numerous studies have reported the therapeutic potential of Top inhibitors as antileishmanial drugs. In this regard, numerous compounds have been described as Top type IB and Top type II inhibitors in Leishmania parasites, such as camptothecin derivatives, indenoisoquinolines, indeno-1,5- naphthyridines, fluoroquinolones, anthracyclines and podophyllotoxins. The aim of this review is to highlight several facts about Top and Top inhibitors as potential antileishmanial drugs, which may represent a promising strategy for the control of this disease of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Reguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leon (ULE), Leon, Spain
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22
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Targeting the DNA-PK complex: Its rationale use in cancer and HIV-1 infection. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 160:80-91. [PMID: 30529192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The DNA-PK complex is the major component of the predominant mechanism of DSB repair in humans. In addition, this complex is involved in many other processes such as DNA recombination, genome maintenance, apoptosis and transcription regulation. Several studies have linked the decrease of the DNA-PK activity with cancer initiation, due to defects in the repair. On another hand, higher DNA-PK expression and activity have been observed in various other tumor cells and have been linked with a decrease of the efficiency of anti-tumor drugs. It has also been shown that DNA-PK is critical for the integration of the HIV-1 DNA into the cell host genome and promotes replication and transcription of the virus. Targeting this complex makes therefore sense to treat these two pathologies. However, according to the status of HIV-1 replication (active versus latent replication) or to the tumor grade cells (initiation versus metastasis), the way to target this DNA-PK complex might be rather different. In this review, we discuss the importance of DNA-PK complex in two major pathologies i.e. HIV-1 infection and cancer, and the rationale use of therapies aiming to target this complex.
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23
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Hevener K, Verstak TA, Lutat KE, Riggsbee DL, Mooney JW. Recent developments in topoisomerase-targeted cancer chemotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:844-861. [PMID: 30505655 PMCID: PMC6251812 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA topoisomerase enzymes are essential to cell function and are found ubiquitously in all domains of life. The various topoisomerase enzymes perform a wide range of functions related to the maintenance of DNA topology during DNA replication, and transcription are the targets of a wide range of antimicrobial and cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Natural product-derived agents, such as the camptothecin, anthracycline, and podophyllotoxin drugs, have seen broad use in the treatment of many types of cancer. Selective targeting of the topoisomerase enzymes for cancer treatment continues to be a highly active area of basic and clinical research. The focus of this review will be to summarize the current state of the art with respect to clinically used topoisomerase inhibitors for targeted cancer treatment and to discuss the pharmacology and chemistry of promising new topoisomerase inhibitors in clinical and pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- KirkE. Hevener
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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24
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Smith PJ, Darzynkiewicz Z, Errington RJ. Nuclear cytometry and chromatin organization. Cytometry A 2018; 93:771-784. [PMID: 30144297 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear-targeting chemical probe, for the detection and quantification of DNA within cells, has been a mainstay of cytometry-from the colorimetric Feulgen stain to smart fluorescent agents with tuned functionality. The level of nuclear structure and function at which the probe aims to readout, or indeed at which a DNA-targeted drug acts, is shadowed by a wide range of detection modalities and analytical methods. These methods are invariably limited in terms of the resolution attainable versus the volume occupied by targeted chromatin structures. The scalar challenge arises from the need to understand the extent and different levels of compaction of genomic DNA and how such structures can be re-modeled, reported, or even perturbed by both probes and drugs. Nuclear cytometry can report on the complex levels of chromatin order, disorder, disassembly, and even active disruption by probes and drugs. Nuclear probes can report defining features of clinical and therapeutic interest as in NETosis and other cell death processes. New cytometric approaches continue to bridge the scalar challenges of analyzing chromatin organization. Advances in super-resolution microscopy address the resolution and depth of analysis issues in cellular systems. Typical of recent insights into chromatin organization enabled by exploiting a DNA interacting probe is ChromEM tomography (ChromEMT). ChromEMT uses the unique properties of the anthraquinone-based cytometric dye DRAQ5™ to reveal that local and global 3D chromatin structures effect differences in compaction. The focus of this review is nuclear and chromatin cytometry, with linked reference to DNA targeting probes and drugs as exemplified by the anthracenediones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Smith
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Brander Cancer Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, 10595
| | - Rachel J Errington
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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Artemisitene suppresses tumorigenesis by inducing DNA damage through deregulating c-Myc-topoisomerase pathway. Oncogene 2018; 37:5079-5087. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Donadel G, Pastore D, Della-Morte D, Capuani B, Lombardo MF, Pacifici F, Bugliani M, Grieco FA, Marchetti P, Lauro D. FGF-2b and h-PL Transform Duct and Non-Endocrine Human Pancreatic Cells into Endocrine Insulin Secreting Cells by Modulating Differentiating Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112234. [PMID: 29068419 PMCID: PMC5713204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease orphan of a cure. Regenerative medicine has been proposed as novel strategy for DM therapy. Human fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2b controls β-cell clusters via autocrine action, and human placental lactogen (hPL)-A increases functional β-cells. We hypothesized whether FGF-2b/hPL-A treatment induces β-cell differentiation from ductal/non-endocrine precursor(s) by modulating specific genes expression. Methods: Human pancreatic ductal-cells (PANC-1) and non-endocrine pancreatic cells were treated with FGF-2b plus hPL-A at 500 ng/mL. Cytofluorimetry and Immunofluorescence have been performed to detect expression of endocrine, ductal and acinar markers. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and annexin-V quantified cells proliferation and apoptosis. Insulin secretion was assessed by RIA kit, and electron microscopy analyzed islet-like clusters. Results: Increase in PANC-1 duct cells de-differentiation into islet-like aggregates was observed after FGF-2b/hPL-A treatment showing ultrastructure typical of islets-aggregates. These clusters, after stimulation with FGF-2b/hPL-A, had significant (p < 0.05) increase in insulin, C-peptide, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), Nkx2.2, Nkx6.1, somatostatin, glucagon, and glucose transporter 2 (Glut-2), compared with control cells. Markers of PANC-1 (Cytokeratin-19, MUC-1, CA19-9) were decreased (p < 0.05). These aggregates after treatment with FGF-2b/hPL-A significantly reduced levels of apoptosis. Conclusions: FGF-2b and hPL-A are promising candidates for regenerative therapy in DM by inducing de-differentiation of stem cells modulating pivotal endocrine genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Donadel
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Capuani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco F Lombardo
- Agenzia regionale per la protezione ambientale (ARPA) Lazio, Sezione di Roma, 00173 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism of Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (A.O.U.) Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabio A Grieco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Endocrinology and Metabolism of Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (A.O.U.) Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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