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Sheikhrobat SB, Mahmoudvand S, Kazemipour-Khabbazi S, Ramezannia Z, Baghi HB, Shokri S. Understanding lactate in the development of Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Infect Agent Cancer 2024; 19:31. [PMID: 39010155 PMCID: PMC11247867 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-024-00593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus that can establish a persistent and chronic infection in humans. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is associated with an increased risk of hepatic decompensation, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lactate level, as the end product of glycolysis, plays a substantial role in metabolism beyond energy production. Emerging studies indicate that lactate is linked to patient mortality rates, and HBV increases overall glucose consumption and lactate production in hepatocytes. Excessive lactate plays a role in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell function, autophagy, and epigenetic reprogramming. The purpose of this review is to gather and summarize the existing knowledge of the lactate's functions in the dysregulation of the immune system, which can play a crucial role in the development of HBV-related HCC. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that lactate with intriguing functions can be considered an immunomodulatory metabolite in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Behzadi Sheikhrobat
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahab Mahmoudvand
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salva Kazemipour-Khabbazi
- Department of English Language and Persian Literature, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ramezannia
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Shokri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Lu F, Wu Q, Lei J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhu N, Yu Y, Lin L, Hu M. Zeaxanthin impairs angiogenesis and tumor growth of glioblastoma: An in vitro and in vivo study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109957. [PMID: 38467357 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the therapeutic effects of Zeaxanthin (Zea), one of the oxidized xanthophyll carotenoids belonging to the isoprenoids, on inhibiting the angiogenesis and tumor growth of glioblastoma (GBM) via an in vitro and in vivo study. METHODS The effects of Zea on the proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion of human GBM cell lines were detected by cell proliferation assay, cell adhesion assay and Transwell assay. The effect of Zea on angiogenesis was detected by rat aortic ring assay and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro tube formation assay. The effects of Zea on PARP, Caspase 3 and VEGFR2 phosphorylation as well as VEGFR2's downstream signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. The in vivo human GBM xenograft mouse model was employed to study the therapeutic efficacy of Zea. RESULTS Zea impaired the proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion of U87 and U251 cells as well as HUVECs. Rat aortic ring experiments displayed Zea significantly inhibited angiogenesis during VEGF-induced microvascular germination. In vitro and in vivo vascular experiments verified that Zea inhibited VEGF-induced HUVEC proliferation and capillary-like tube formation. Additionally, Zea induced GBM cells apoptosis via increasing the expression of cleaved PARP and Caspase 3. In HUVECs and U251 GBM cells, Zea down-regulated VEGF-induced activation of the VEGFR2 kinase pathway. Meanwhile the expression of p-AKT, p-ERK, p-STAT3 and FAK were all attenuated in U251 cells. Moreover, the effects of Zea on GBM cells proliferation could be blocked by VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor SU5408. These results suggest that Zea may hinder GBM angiogenesis and tumor growth through down-regulating a cascade of oncogenic signaling pathways, both through the inhibition of angiogenesis and the anti-tumor mechanism of a direct cytotoxic effect. Besides, Zea inhibits GBM angiogenesis and tumor growth exemplified through a xenograft mouse model in vivo. CONCLUSION Zea impairs angiogenesis and tumor growth of GBM both in vitro and in vivo. It can be declared that Zea is a potential valuable anticancer candidate for the future treatment strategy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Jiaming Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Medical School of Facial Features, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Ni Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China.
| | - Meichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China.
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Woodchuck Hepatic Anatomy and Vascular Alterations Due to Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Angiographic Atlas of the Abdomen and Pelvis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 33:316-323.e4. [PMID: 34800622 PMCID: PMC8885882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the hepatic and abdominal angiographic anatomy of woodchucks and vascular changes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine woodchucks (23 with viral-associated HCC, 6 without) underwent multiphasic computed tomography (CT). Fourteen woodchucks (8 with HCC) also underwent diagnostic angiography. Hepatic arterial diameters were measured on the CT scans. Woodchucks were divided into 3 groups: non-tumor-bearing, largest tumor supplied by the right hepatic artery (RHA), and largest tumor supplied by the left hepatic artery (LHA). Statistical analysis with a repeated measures model was performed to determine the effects of tumor location (right, left), vessel measured (RHA, LHA), and interaction between the 2 on vessel diameter. Lobar arteries supplying HCC were compared with those that did not. RESULTS CT anatomy and normal and variant vascular anatomy were defined. In woodchucks with HCC, LHA and RHA supplying tumors had mean diameters of 2.0 mm ± 0.3 and 1.6 mm ± 0.3 versus 1.5 mm ± 0.3 and 1.1 mm ± 0.2 for non-tumor-supplying arteries (P = .0002 and P < .0001), respectively. Lobar arteries supplying tumors were similarly ectatic. The right lateral lobe artery had the most profound increase in the mean diameter when supplying tumors, measuring 1.7 mm ± 0.1 versus 1.0 mm ± 0.1 in the non-tumor-supplying artery (P < .0001). There were no differences in the diameters of the aorta and celiac, common, and proper hepatic arteries between tumor- and non-tumor-bearing woodchucks. An angiographic atlas of the abdominal vessels was generated. CONCLUSIONS HCC tumoral vasculature in woodchucks was ectatic compared with normal vasculature. This phenomenon recapitulates human HCC and may facilitate investigation of transcatheter and drug delivery therapies in an HCC animal model.
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Xu K, Wu CL, Wang ZX, Wang HJ, Yin FJ, Li WD, Liu CC, Fan HN. VEGF Family Gene Expression as Prognostic Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease and Primary Liver Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3422393. [PMID: 34845413 PMCID: PMC8627334 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3422393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cognitive impairment, explore the relationship between the expression of VEGF family genes and prognosis of patients with HCC, and evaluate the predictive ability of VEGF in cognitive impairment using computerized methods. METHODS VEGF expression in liver cancer tissues and normal tissues was analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method was also used to analyze the relationship between VEGF expression and the prognosis of patients with HCC. Furthermore, immune infiltration assessment and gene set enrichment analysis were performed. Meanwhile, the differential expression of VEGF family genes between patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy controls was also checked. RESULTS Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the VEGF family genes (VEFGA, VEGFB, VEGFC, and VEGFD) were highly expressed in cancer tissues and were significantly associated with poor prognosis in HCC. In HCC, the VEGF family genes showed significant heterogeneity in their functional and immune infiltration characteristics. Finally, VEGF family genes were identified as prognostic biomarkers in AD and risk prediction markers in HCC. CONCLUSIONS VEGF is highly expressed in patients with HCC and lowly expressed in patients with AD. VEGF has opposite opposing roles in the treatment of tumors and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
| | - Chuan-ling Wu
- Jianhu College, Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College, China
| | - Zhi-xin Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, China
| | - Hai-jiu Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, China
| | - Feng-jiao Yin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
| | - Wen-deng Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
| | - Chu-chu Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
| | - Hai-ning Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
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Suresh M, Menne S. Application of the woodchuck animal model for the treatment of hepatitis B virus-induced liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:509-535. [PMID: 34163570 PMCID: PMC8204361 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes woodchucks chronically infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) as an animal model for hepatocarcinogenesis and treatment of primary liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Since laboratory animal models susceptible to HBV infection are limited, woodchucks experimentally infected with WHV, a hepatitis virus closely related to HBV, are increasingly used to enhance our understanding of virus-host interactions, immune response, and liver disease progression. A correlation of severe liver pathogenesis with high-level viral replication and deficient antiviral immunity has been established, which are present during chronic infection after WHV inoculation of neonatal woodchucks for modeling vertical HBV transmission in humans. HCC in chronic carrier woodchucks develops 17 to 36 mo after neonatal WHV infection and involves liver tumors that are comparable in size, morphology, and molecular gene signature to those of HBV-infected patients. Accordingly, woodchucks with WHV-induced liver tumors have been used for the improvement of imaging and ablation techniques of human HCC. In addition, drug efficacy studies in woodchucks with chronic WHV infection have revealed that prolonged treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs, alone or in combination with other compounds, minimizes the risk of liver disease progression to HCC. More recently, woodchucks have been utilized in the delineation of mechanisms involved in innate and adaptive immune responses against WHV during acute, self-limited and chronic infections. Therapeutic interventions based on modulating the deficient host antiviral immunity have been explored in woodchucks for inducing functional cure in HBV-infected patients and for reducing or even delaying associated liver disease sequelae, including the onset of HCC. Therefore, woodchucks with chronic WHV infection constitute a well-characterized, fully immunocompetent animal model for HBV-induced liver cancer and for preclinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of new modalities, which are based on chemo, gene, and immune therapy, for the prevention and treatment of HCC in patients for which current treatment options are dismal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Suresh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Stephan Menne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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