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Oumeddour DZ, Al-Dalali S, Zhao L, Zhao L, Wang C. Recent advances on cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in preventing obesity-related metabolic disorders: A comprehensive review. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 729:150344. [PMID: 38976946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, found in various pigmented plants as secondary metabolites, represent a class of dietary polyphenols known for their bioactive properties, demonstrating health-promoting effects against several chronic diseases. Among these, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is one of the most prevalent types of anthocyanins. Upon consumption, C3G undergoes phases I and II metabolism by oral epithelial cells, absorption in the gastric epithelium, and gut transformation (phase II & microbial metabolism), with limited amounts reaching the bloodstream. Obesity, characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, is a global health concern associated with heightened risks of disability, illness, and mortality. This comprehensive review delves into the biodegradation and absorption dynamics of C3G within the gastrointestinal tract. It meticulously examines the latest research findings, drawn from in vitro and in vivo models, presenting evidence underlining C3G's bioactivity. Notably, C3G has demonstrated significant efficacy in combating obesity, by regulating lipid metabolism, specifically decreasing lipid synthesis, increasing fatty acid oxidation, and reducing lipid accumulation. Additionally, C3G enhances energy homeostasis by boosting energy expenditure, promoting the activity of brown adipose tissue, and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, C3G shows potential in managing various prevalent obesity-related conditions. These include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and hypertension through the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhancement of endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels, and inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and by exercising its cardioprotective and vascular effects by decreasing pulmonary artery thickness and systolic pressure which enhances vascular relaxation and angiogenesis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR) are also managed by reducing gluconeogenesis via AMPK pathway activation, promoting autophagy, protecting pancreatic β-cells from oxidative stress and enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Additionally, C3G improves insulin sensitivity by upregulating GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 expression and regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. C3G exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and shifting macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. C3G demonstrates antioxidative effects by enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, reducing ROS production, and activating the Nrf2/AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, these mechanisms also contribute to attenuating inflammatory bowel disease and regulating gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes and increasing Bacteroidetes abundance, restoring colon length, and reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines. The therapeutic potential of C3G extends beyond metabolic disorders; it has also been found effective in managing specific cancer types and neurodegenerative disorders. The findings of this research can provide an important reference for future investigations that seek to improve human health through the use of naturally occurring bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dounya Zad Oumeddour
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Sam Al-Dalali
- School of Food and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, 541006, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Ibb University, Ibb, 70270, Yemen.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Niu W, Feng Y, Peng M, Cai J. A narrative review on the mechanism of natural flavonoids in improving glucolipid metabolism disorders. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38924256 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Glucolipid metabolism disorder (GLMD) is a complex chronic disease characterized by glucose and lipid metabolism disorders with a complex and diverse etiology and rapidly increasing incidence. Many studies have identified the role of flavonoids in ameliorating GLMD, with mechanisms related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, nuclear factor kappa-B, AMP-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, glucose transporter type 4, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. However, a comprehensive summary of the flavonoid effects on GLMD is lacking. This study reviewed the roles and mechanisms of natural flavonoids with different structures in the treatment of GLMD reported globally in the past 5 years and provides a reference for developing flavonoids as drugs for treating GLMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Niu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongshi Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minwen Peng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Cai
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Li X, Tian Y, Zuo N, Tang J, Cheng S, Li L, Tan J, Zhang J, Shen W. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside protects Zearalenone-induced in vitro maturation disorders of porcine oocytes by alleviating NOX4-dependent oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cumulus cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142153. [PMID: 38688352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is widely found in foodstuffs and has serious harmful effects on female fertility, especially in pigs. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), a type of anthocyanin, exists in most dark fruits and vegetables; it has many positive dietary effects including as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or anti-apoptotic agent. However, the beneficial effects of C3G alongside ZEN-induced damage in porcine oocytes and the underlying molecular mechanism have not been investigated. In this work, porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were divided into Control (Ctrl), ZEN, ZEN + C3G (Z + C), and C3G, and treated for 44-46 h in vitro. The results showed that C3G could alleviate ZEN-induced disorders of first polar body (PBI) extrusion, abnormalities of spindle assembly, cortical granule distribution, and mitochondrial distribution; these results were produced via restoring transzonal projections (TZPs), and inhibiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX4)-dependent oxidative stress and 'glucose regulatory protein 78/protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α/activating transcription factor 4/C/EBP-homologous protein' (GRP78/PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) during oocyte maturation. Moreover, the over-expression of NOX4 in cumulus cells could result in a significant increase in ROS levels and ER fluorescence intensity in oocytes. In conclusion, C3G promoted in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes exposed to ZEN via mitigating NOX4-dependent oxidative stress and ERS in cumulus cells. These results contribute to our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of C3G against ZEN toxicity in porcine oocytes, and they provide a novel theoretical foundation and strategy for future applications of C3G in the improvement of female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Ning Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jiatian Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shunfeng Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jinghe Tan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Molonia MS, Speciale A, Muscarà C, Salamone FL, Saija A, Cimino F. Low concentrations of α-lipoic acid reduce palmitic acid-induced alterations in murine hypertrophic adipocytes. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:916-925. [PMID: 37129014 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2207137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder with excessive body fat accumulation, increasing incidence of chronic metabolic diseases. Hypertrophic obesity is associated with local oxidative stress and inflammation. Herein, we evaluated the in vitro activity of micromolar concentrations of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on palmitic acid (PA)-exposed murine hypertrophic 3T3-L1 adipocytes, focussing on the main molecular pathways involved in adipogenesis, inflammation, and insulin resistance. ALA, starting from 1 µM, decreased adipocytes hypertrophy, reducing PA-triggered intracellular lipid accumulation, PPAR-γ levels, and FABP4 gene expression, and counteracted PA-induced intracellular ROS levels and NF-κB activation. ALA reverted PA-induced insulin resistance, restoring PI3K/Akt axis and inducing GLUT-1 and glucose uptake, showing insulin sensitizing properties since it increased their basal levels. In conclusion, this study supports the potential effects of low micromolar ALA against hypertrophy, inflammation, and insulin resistance in adipose tissue, suggesting its important role as pharmacological supplement in the prevention of conditions linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- "Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, University of Messina,Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Zhao XY, Wang JQ, Neely GG, Shi YC, Wang QP. Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:797-838. [PMID: 38083970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yao Y, Chen Y, Chen H, Pan X, Li X, Liu W, Bahetjan Y, Lu B, Pang K, Yang X, Pang Z. Black mulberry extract inhibits hepatic adipogenesis through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in T2DM mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117216. [PMID: 37741475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) is an ancient dual-use plant resource for medicine and food. It is widely used in Uyghur folklore for hypoglycemic treatment and is a folkloric plant medicine with regional characteristics. However, the mechanism of Morus nigra L. treatment in diabetes mellitus has not been fully understood, especially from the perspective of hepatic lipid accumulation is less reported. OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY This study was to explore the potential of Morus nigra L. fruit ethyl acetate extract (MNF-EA) to reduce blood sugar levels by preventing the production of hepatic lipogenesis and to provide more evidence for the use of MNF-EA as an adjuvant therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the chemical composition of MNF-EA was first analyzed and characterized using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique. A series of in vitro studies were performed with HepG2-IR cells and oleic acid (OA)-induced HepG2 cells, including MTT assay, glucose uptake assay, oil red O staining and Western blot analysis. The STZ-HFD co-induced T2DM mice were employed for in vivo research, including physical indices, biochemical analysis, histopathological examination, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The 19 compounds in MNF-EA were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique. Insulin resistance (IR) and lipid droplet accumulation in HepG2 cells were greatly improved by MNF-EA treatment, which had no appreciable side effects at the dosage used. In T2DM mice, MNF-EA decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG), saved body weight, and significantly improved oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) and IR status. In addition, MNF-EA treatment also improved lipid metabolism disorders and liver function in T2DM mice. Histopathological sections showed that MNF-EA treatment reduced hepatic steatosis. Mechanistic studies suggest that MNF-EA acted through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MNF-EA has great potential to reverse the metabolic abnormalities associated with T2DM by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, we believe that MNF is a promising medicinal and food-homologous agent to improve T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Huijian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yerlan Bahetjan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Binan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kejian Pang
- College of Biological and Geographical Sciences, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zongran Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Brunelle DC, Larson KJ, Bundy A, Roemmich JN, Warne D, Redvers N. Chokeberry reduces inflammation in human preadipocytes. J Funct Foods 2024; 112:105947. [PMID: 38644957 PMCID: PMC11031191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa, is an indigenous fruit from North America used as food and to prevent chronic disease by Indigenous Peoples. The objective of this study was to test anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanin on palmitic acid (PA)-induced IL-6 gene expression, IL-6 DNA methylation, and histone (H3) acetylation. Additionally, we examined effects of anthocyanins Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (C3Gal) and Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) on IL-6 gene expression. Human primary pre-adipocytes were treated with chokeberry juice extract (CBE), C3Gal or C3G in the presence or absence of PA or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CBE inhibited LPS- and PA-induced IL-6 mRNA expression (p < 0.0001), while C3G and C3Gal had smaller effects. Human IL-6 promoter DNA methylation was increased (p = 0.0256) in CBE treated cells compared to control. Histone H3 acetylations were not affected by CBE or PA treatment. These data indicate that CBE epigenetically reduced PA-induced inflammation by regulating IL-6 DNA methylation without affecting histone modifications in human preadipocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale C. Brunelle
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Kate J. Larson
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Amy Bundy
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - James N. Roemmich
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Donald Warne
- Department of Indigenous Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, United States
| | - Nicole Redvers
- Department of Indigenous Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, United States
- Schulich School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada
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Deepa P, Hong M, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. A Review of the Role of an Anthocyanin, Cyanidin-3- O- β-glucoside in Obesity-Related Complications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3889. [PMID: 38005786 PMCID: PMC10675560 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health issue worldwide and obese individuals possess higher levels of adipose tissue when compared with healthy individuals. Obesity is highly associated with the development of different chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, cancers, etc. Previous studies established that anthocyanin compounds play an important role in attenuating obesity-related consequences. Among various anthocyanin compounds, cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G) is the most important component and is widely distributed in various colored edible plant materials, especially berries, cherries, black rice, purple corn, etc. In recent decades, several studies have reported the therapeutical properties of C3G. C3G has various biological properties and health benefits, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, anticancer, etc. In this review, we summarized the in vitro and in vivo studies in relation to the role of C3G in obesity-related complications. Several mechanistic studies demonstrated that C3G maintains the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and lipids by regulating different genes and signaling pathways. It could be concluded that the consumption of C3G protects healthy individuals from obesity-related issues by maintaining body weight and regulating their metabolism and energy balance. This review provides some important signaling pathways/targets of C3G to facilitate the prevention and treatment of obesity, leading to the development of important food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (P.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Minji Hong
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (P.D.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (P.D.); (M.H.)
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Fragoso-Medina JA, López Vaquera SR, Domínguez-Uscanga A, Luna-Vital D, García N. Single anthocyanins effectiveness modulating inflammation markers in obesity: dosage and matrix composition analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1255518. [PMID: 38024376 PMCID: PMC10651755 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1255518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are phytochemicals with numerous bioactivities, e.g., antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Health benefits from consuming ACN-rich foods, extracts, and supplements have been studied in clinical trials (CT). However, the individual effect of single ACNs and their correlation with doses and specific bioactivities or molecular targets have not been thoroughly analyzed. This review shows a recompilation of single anthocyanins composition and concentrations used in CT, conducted to investigate the effect of these anti-inflammatory derivatives in obese condition. Single anthocyanin doses with changes in the levels of frequently monitored markers were correlated. In addition, the analysis was complemented with reports of studies made in vitro with single ACNs. Anthocyanins' efficacy in diseases with high baseline obesity-related inflammation markers was evidenced. A poor correlation was found between most single anthocyanin doses and level changes of commonly monitored markers. Correlations between cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin derivatives and specific molecular targets were proposed. Our analysis showed that knowledge of specific compositions and anthocyanin concentrations determined in future studies would provide more information about mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Fragoso-Medina
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Selma Romina López Vaquera
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Astrid Domínguez-Uscanga
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Noemí García
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Preclinical Research Unit, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Speciale A, Salamone FL, Costa G, Vento G, Saija A, Cimino F. Low concentrations of antimony impair adipogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis during 3T3-L1 cells differentiation. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114107. [PMID: 37858840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is a metalloid widely present in plastics used for food contact packaging, toys and other household items. Since Sb can be released by these plastics and come into contact with humans, health concerns have been highlighted. The effect of Sb on human tissues is yet controversial, and biochemical mechanisms of toxicity are lacking. In the present study, the effect of very low nanomolar concentrations of Sb(III), able to mimicking chronic human exposure, was evaluated in 3T3-L1 murine cells during the differentiation process. Low nanomolar Sb exposure (from 0.05 to 5 nM) induced lipid accumulation and a marked increase in C/EBP-β and PPAR-γ levels, the master regulators of adipogenesis. The Sb-induced PPAR-γ was reverted by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780. Additionally, Sb stimulated preadipocytes proliferation inducing G2/M phase of cell cycle and this effect was associated to reduced cell-cycle inhibitor p21 levels. In addition to these metabolic dysfunctions, Sb activated the proinflammatory NF-κB pathway and altered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis inducing ROS increase, ER stress markers XBP-1s and pEIF2a and downstream genes, such as Grp78 and CHOP. This study, for the first time, supports obesogenic effects of low concentrations exposure of Sb during preadipocytes differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy; "Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, University of Messina, 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Gregorio Costa
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Grazia Vento
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
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11
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Molonia MS, Salamone FL, Muscarà C, Costa G, Vento G, Saija A, Speciale A, Cimino F. Regulation of mitotic clonal expansion and thermogenic pathway are involved in the antiadipogenic effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1225586. [PMID: 37614314 PMCID: PMC10442822 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1225586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a metabolic disease with an increase both in cell size (hypertrophy) and in cell number (hyperplasia) following differentiation of new adipocytes. Adipogenesis is a well-orchestrated program in which mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) occurs in the early step followed by the late terminal differentiation one. Methods: Aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin present in many fruits and vegetables, in the early or late phase of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation. Results: C3G exposure in the early phase of adipogenesis process induced a more marked reduction of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-ɣ) and fatty acid synthase (Fasn) expression than late phase exposure and these effects were associated to a reduced MCE with cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase via p21 expression. Furthermore, C3G exposure during the early phase activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway better than in the late phase promoting the enhancement of beige-like adipocytes. In fact, C3G induced thermogenic biomarkers uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (Pgc1) and these effects were more evident during early phase exposure. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that C3G reduces the terminal adipogenic process affecting the early phase of differentiation and inducing a thermogenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- “Prof Antonio Imbesi” Foundation, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gregorio Costa
- Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Grazia Vento
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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12
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Santamarina AB, Calder PC, Estadella D, Pisani LP. Anthocyanins ameliorate obesity-associated metainflammation: Preclinical and clinical evidence. Nutr Res 2023; 114:50-70. [PMID: 37201432 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The growing rates of obesity worldwide call for intervention strategies to help control the pathophysiological consequences of weight gain. The use of natural foods and bioactive compounds has been suggested as such a strategy because of their recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. For example, polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, are candidates for managing obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Obesity is well known for the presence of metainflammation, which has been labeled as an inflammatory activation that leads to a variety of metabolic disorders, usually related to increased oxidative stress. Considering this, anthocyanins may be promising natural compounds able to modulate several intracellular mechanisms, mitigating oxidative stress and metainflammation. A wide variety of foods and extracts rich in anthocyanins have become the focus of research in the field of obesity. Here, we bring together the current knowledge regarding the use of anthocyanins as an intervention tested in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials to modulate metainflammation. Most recent research applies a wide variety of extracts and natural sources of anthocyanins, in diverse experimental models, which represents a limitation of the research field. However, the literature is sufficiently consistent to establish that the in-depth molecular analysis of gut microbiota, insulin signaling, TLR4-triggered inflammation, and oxidative stress pathways reveals their modulation by anthocyanins. These targets are interconnected at the cellular level and interact with one another, leading to obesity-associated metainflammation. Thus, the positive findings with anthocyanins observed in preclinical models might directly relate to the positive outcomes in clinical studies. In summary and based on the entirety of the relevant literature, anthocyanins can mitigate obesity-related perturbations in gut microbiota, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation and therefore may contribute as a therapeutic tool in people living with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline B Santamarina
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Debora Estadella
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Pisani
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Li X, Wang J, Zhang F, Yu M, Zuo N, Li L, Tan J, Shen W. Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Rescues Zearalenone-Induced Apoptosis via the ITGA7-PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway in Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054441. [PMID: 36901882 PMCID: PMC10002597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is an important secondary metabolite of Fusarium fungi, exposure to which can cause reproductive disorders through its effects on ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) in many mammals, especially in pigs. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) on the ZEN-induced negative effects in porcine GCs (pGCs). The pGCs were treated with 30 µM ZEN and/or 20 µM C3G for 24 h; they were divided into a control (Ctrl) group, ZEN group, ZEN+C3G (Z+C) group, and a C3G group. Bioinformatics analysis was used to systematically screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the rescue process. Results showed that C3G could effectively rescue ZEN-induced apoptosis in pGCs, and notably increase cell viability and proliferation. Furthermore, 116 DEGs were identified, and the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway was the center of attention, of which five genes and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and/or Western blot (WB). As analyzed, ZEN inhibited mRNA and protein levels of integrin subunit alpha-7 (ITGA7), and promoted the expression of cell cycle inhibition kinase cyclin-D3 (CCND3) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A). After the knock-down of ITGA7 by siRNA, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression decreased, and apoptosis rates and pro-apoptotic proteins increased. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that C3G exhibited significant protective effects on the ZEN-induced inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis via the ITGA7-PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fali Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mubin Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ning Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jinghe Tan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0532-58957316
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14
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Wang Z, Liu X, Wang J, Fan Z, Shen J, Chen Y, Shao Q, Zheng Y. Effect of Flowering Stages on the Content of Active Ingredients and Antioxidant Capability of Bletilla striata Flowers. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200773. [PMID: 36629332 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. is a perennial herb with abundant active ingredients. Previous research mainly focused on its tubers, however, the study on flowers, especially the variation of active ingredient contents at different flowering stages, was rarely seen. This study analyzed the total phenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, anthocyanins, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside content of B. striata flowers which were in cultivated in Herb Garden of Zhejiang A&F University and collected in May, 2019, in order to investigate the changes in active ingredients and antioxidant capacity among different flowering stages (bud, initial, and full bloom). Changes in radical scavenging capability of DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical), ABTS (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)), and hydroxy were analyzed. Significant differences in active ingredient content of flowers were detected among different flowering stages. The total phenolic content increased continuously during the entire flowering stage. The contents of total flavonoid, total polysaccharide, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside reached peaks at the initial blooming stage and then fell as the flowering process continued. The antioxidant activity in initial stage was the highest than in any other flowering stages. Therefore, we conclude that the initial blooming stage is the best harvesting stage of B. striata flowers. This study provides a robust basis for the harvest and utilization of B. striata flowers in food, medical, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xinting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zepeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yuanxing Chen
- Forestry Bureau of Yongding District, Longyan, 361000, China
| | - Qingsong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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15
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You H, Yuan D, Li Q, Zhang N, Kong D, Yu T, Liu X, Liu X, Zhou R, Kong F, Zheng K, Tang R. Hepatitis B virus X protein increases LASP1 SUMOylation to stabilize HER2 and facilitate hepatocarcinogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:996-1009. [PMID: 36473530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBX), a viral macromolecule, plays a vital role in the development of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Increased expression of HER2 is linked to HBV infection, and HBX is responsible for HER2 upregulation in HCC. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In the study, we discovered that HBX promoted HER2 expression to facilitate the sensitization of the insulin signaling pathway and enhance the growth and migration of HCC cells. Mechanistically, the viral protein enhanced the stability of HER2 by preventing its ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation through LASP1, which could bind to HER2. Furthermore, increased SUMOylation of LASP1 contributed to the upregulation of HER2 and the interaction of LASP1 with HER2. In addition, RANBP2 and RANGAP1 were found to interact with LASP1 and promote SUMOylation of LASP1 to upregulate HER2 expression in HBX-associated hepatoma cells. In summary, our work provides a novel insight into hepatocarcinogenesis mediated by HBX and estimates the detailed mechanisms related to the increase in HER2 regulated by the viral protein, which might help provide a theoretical basis for identifying novel targets for HBV-positive HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongchen Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Delong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangye Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Liu R, Jin Y, Liu B, Zhang Q, Li X, Cai D, Tian L, Jiang X, Zhang W, Sun J, Bai W. Untargeted Lipidomics Revealed the Protective Effects of Cyanidin-3- O-glucoside on Bisphenol A-Induced Liver Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1077-1090. [PMID: 36597173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic endocrine disruptor that induces metabolic disorders. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) has multiple functional activities and is the most abundant anthocyanin belonging to the flavonoid subgroup. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of C3G on BPA-induced liver lipid metabolism disorder and explore its mechanism via lipidomics analysis. The results showed that C3G supplementation significantly ameliorated the serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols (TG), and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST). Furthermore, liver lipidomics indicated that C3G effectively facilitated the recovery of differential lipid metabolites, including TGs, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositol, cholesteryl esters, and phosphatidylserine, and reversed the levels of hepatic lipid synthesis-related genes. Our results suggest that C3G has an effective regulatory effect on BPA-induced disorders of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Based Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Jin
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Based Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Boping Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Based Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dongbao Cai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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17
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Martini D, Marino M, Venturi S, Tucci M, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P, Porrini M, Del Bo' C. Blueberries and their bioactives in the modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and cardio/vascular function markers: a systematic review of human intervention studies. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109154. [PMID: 36150681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Blueberries represent a rich source of (poly)phenols and other bioactive compounds. Numerous in vitro and animal model studies documented the potential health-promoting properties of blueberries and blueberry-bioactives, while little is still known about their effects in humans. The objective of the present systematic review is to provide main evidence and the potential mechanisms of action of blueberry and its (poly)phenols in the regulation of markers related to oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular and cardiometabolic function in health and disease states. A total of 45 human intervention studies were included in this review. Overall, the evidence suggests that blueberries may play a role in the improvement of markers of vascular function. Their effects were observed following both post-prandial and long-term consumption, particularly in subjects with risk factors and/or disease conditions. Conversely, the conflicting results on inflammation, oxidative stress and cardiometabolic risk markers were most likely due to differences among studies in terms of study design, subject characteristics, duration of intervention, dosage, and type of biomarkers analyzed. For these reasons, high-quality, well-designed, human intervention studies are warranted to strengthen the current findings on vascular function and provide more evidence about the impact of blueberries on the different markers considered. In addition, studies focusing on the relationship between the structure and the function of (poly)phenols will be fundamental for a better comprehension of the mechanisms behind the health effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Martini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Marino
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Venturi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tucci
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Riso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
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18
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Xiong Y, Jian J, Yu H, Wu J, Mao H, Feng R, Wang L, Jian Y, Liu X. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside plays a protective role against renal ischemia/ reperfusion injury via the JAK/STAT pathway. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e381023. [PMID: 37132754 PMCID: PMC10158851 DOI: 10.1590/acb381023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the potential mechanisms. METHODS Mouse models were established by clamping the left renal vessels, and in vitro cellular models were established by hypoxic reoxygenation. RESULTS Renal dysfunction and tissue structural damage were significantly higher in the I/R group. After treatment with different concentrations of C3G, the levels of renal dysfunction and tissue structural damage decreased at different levels. And its protective effect was most pronounced at 200 mg/kg. The use of C3G reduced apoptosis as well as the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced apoptosis and ERS are dependent on oxidative stress in vitro. In addition, both AG490 and C3G inhibited the activation of JAK/STAT pathway and attenuated oxidative stress, ischemia-induced apoptosis and ERS. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that C3G blocked renal apoptosis and ERS protein expression by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after I/R via the JAK/STAT pathway, suggesting that C3G may be a potential therapeutic agent for renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xiong
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Jun Jian
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Honglin Yu
- University of Science and Technology of China, The First Affiliated Hospital - Department of Radiology - Hefei (Anhui), China
| | - Jiejun Wu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Hu Mao
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Ruikang Feng
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Lei Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Yonghong Jian
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Nephrology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Xiuheng Liu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
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19
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Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Speciale A, Salamone FL, Toscano G, Saija A, Cimino F. The p-Phthalates Terephthalic Acid and Dimethyl Terephthalate Used in the Manufacture of PET Induce In Vitro Adipocytes Dysfunction by Altering Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217645. [PMID: 36364480 PMCID: PMC9656719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health concerns associated with the potential leaching of substances from Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging have been raised due to the role of phthalates as endocrine-disrupting chemicals or obesogens. In particular, changes in the environment such as pH, temperature, and irradiation can improve contaminant migration from PET food packaging. In this study, the in vitro effects of p-phthalates terephthalic acid (TPA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) on murine adipocytes (3T3-L1) were evaluated using concentrations that might be obtained in adult humans exposed to contaminated sources. TPA and, in particular, DMT exposure during 3T3-L1 differentiation increased the cellular lipid content and induced adipogenic markers PPAR-γ, C/EBPß, FABP4, and FASN, starting from low nanomolar concentrations. Interestingly, the adipogenic action of TPA- and DMT-induced PPAR-γ was reverted by ICI 182,780, a specific antagonist of the estrogen receptor. Furthermore, TPA and DMT affected adipocytes’ thermogenic program, reducing pAMPK and PGC-1α levels, and induced the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway. Given the observed effects of biologically relevant chronic concentrations of these p-phthalates and taking into account humans’ close and constant contact with plastics, it seems appropriate that ascertaining safe levels of TPA and DMT exposure is considered a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Toscano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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20
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Wang S, Du Q, Meng X, Zhang Y. Natural polyphenols: a potential prevention and treatment strategy for metabolic syndrome. Food Funct 2022; 13:9734-9753. [PMID: 36134531 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01552h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the term for a combination of hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and central obesity as factors leading to cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Epidemiological investigation has shown that polyphenol intake is negatively correlated with the incidence of MS. Natural polyphenols are widely found in cocoa beans, tea, vegetables, fruits, and some Chinese herbal medicines; they are a class of plant compounds containing a variety of phenolic structural units, which are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in plants. Polyphenols are composed of flavonoids (such as flavanols, anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, isoflavones, etc.) and non-flavonoids (such as phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans). Modern pharmacological studies have proved that polyphenols can reduce blood pressure, improve lipid metabolism, lower blood glucose, and reduce body weight, thereby preventing and improving MS. Due to the unique characteristics and potential development and application value of polyphenols, this review summarizes some natural polyphenols that could treat MS, including their chemical properties, plant sources, and pharmacological action against MS, to provide a basis for the further study of polyphenols in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qinyun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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21
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Peniche-Pavía HA, Guzmán TJ, Magaña-Cerino JM, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Tiessen A. Maize Flavonoid Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Human Health Relevance: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165166. [PMID: 36014406 PMCID: PMC9413827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maize is one of the most important crops for human and animal consumption and contains a chemical arsenal essential for survival: flavonoids. Moreover, flavonoids are well known for their beneficial effects on human health. In this review, we decided to organize the information about maize flavonoids into three sections. In the first section, we include updated information about the enzymatic pathway of maize flavonoids. We describe a total of twenty-one genes for the flavonoid pathway of maize. The first three genes participate in the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Four genes are common biosynthetic early genes for flavonoids, and fourteen are specific genes for the flavonoid subgroups, the anthocyanins, and flavone C-glycosides. The second section explains the tissue accumulation and regulation of flavonoids by environmental factors affecting the expression of the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional complex. The study of transcription factors of the MBW complex is fundamental for understanding how the flavonoid profiles generate a palette of colors in the plant tissues. Finally, we also include an update of the biological activities of C3G, the major maize anthocyanin, including anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant effects, among others. This review intends to disclose and integrate the existing knowledge regarding maize flavonoid pigmentation and its relevance in the human health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor A. Peniche-Pavía
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Irapuato, Libramiento Norte Km. 9.6, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Tereso J. Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jesús M. Magaña-Cerino
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Av. Gregorio Méndez Magaña 2838-A, Col. Tamulté de las Barrancas, Villahermosa 86150, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Carmen M. Gurrola-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, C. Sierra Mojada 950. Col. Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-33-10585200 (ext. 33930)
| | - Axel Tiessen
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Irapuato, Libramiento Norte Km. 9.6, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
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22
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Amadike Ugbogu E, Emmanuel O, Ebubechi Uche M, Dike Dike E, Chukwuebuka Okoro B, Ibe C, Chibueze Ude V, Nwabu Ekweogu C, Chinyere Ugbogu O. The ethnobotanical, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Psidium guajava L. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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23
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Li Z, Tian J, Cheng Z, Teng W, Zhang W, Bao Y, Wang Y, Song B, Chen Y, Li B. Hypoglycemic bioactivity of anthocyanins: A review on proposed targets and potential signaling pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7878-7895. [PMID: 35333674 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2055526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with complicated interrelationships responsible for initiating its pathogenesis. Novel strategies for the treatment of this devastating disease have attracted increasing attention worldwide. Anthocyanins are bioactive compounds that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, and multiple studies have elucidated their beneficial role in preventing and managing T2DM. This review summarizes and comments on the hypoglycemic actions of anthocyanins from the perspective of molecular mechanisms and different target-related signaling pathways in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. Anthocyanins can ameliorate T2DM by functioning as carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitors, facilitating glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation, suppressing the effectiveness of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), promoting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) overexpression, and interacting with sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) to delay glucose absorption in various organs and tissues. In summary, anthocyanin is a promising and practical small molecule that can hyperglycemic symptoms and accompanying complications suffered by patients with diabetes. However, rational and potent doses for daily intake and clinical studies are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Teng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiwen Bao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Baoge Song
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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24
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Dong W, Zhao Y, Hao Y, Sun G, Huo J, Wang W. Integrated molecular biology and metabonomics approach to understand the mechanism underlying reduction of insulin resistance by corn silk decoction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114756. [PMID: 34666141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Corn silk is composed of the style and stigma of Zea mays L. Its medical value was first reported in "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" in the Ming Dynasty. It was considered to be a heat-clearing and diuretic drug. In "Zhejiang Folk Herbal Medicine," the following has been reported: "Corn silk needs one liang. Decoction in water can cure diabetes." Recent studies have shown that corn silk can lower blood sugar levels; however, to date, corn silk has undergone simple pharmacodynamic evaluations, with both its degree and mechanism of action remaining unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of corn silk, with respect to having antioxidative ability, reducing insulin resistance, and having a hypoglycemic effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model was established via a high sugar and high fat diet combined with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) administration. Wistar rats were administered corn silk decoction and metformin via gavage for four weeks, and the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight were measured every two weeks. After the experiment, the insulin level, insulin index, and glycogen content were determined. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the skeletal muscle tissue in rats. The levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in the serum and skeletal muscle were detected, and the mRNA content and protein levels of key proteins in the JNK-IRS-GLUT4 signaling pathway were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Then, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, combined with multiple statistical analyses, was used to identify potential biomarkers in the serum of T2DM rats, for determining the key metabolic pathways responsible for the action of corn silk. RESULTS The results showed that corn silk could reduce FBG, insulin level, and glycogen content in T2DM rats; reduce the level of oxidative stress in serum and skeletal muscle; restore the pathological structure of skeletal muscle; inhibit the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) in skeletal muscle; and upregulate the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) for transport of glucose and to reduce insulin resistance. Moreover, metabonomic analysis elucidated that corn silk could significantly affect 26 biomarkers (such as pentosidine, palmitic acid, lysoPC, and p-Cresol sulfate) and metabolic pathways (such as phenylalanine metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids). CONCLUSION The interaction between endogenous metabolites and proteins in signaling pathways was analyzed using metabonomics and molecular biology methods. Corn silk inhibited JNK-IRS-GLUT4 signal transduction in skeletal muscle via antioxidative effects, by increasing the sensitivity of peripheral tissue to insulin, by reducing insulin resistance, and through hypoglycemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, No.138, Tongda Street, Daoli District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No.72 Xiang'an Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No.72 Xiang'an Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yiming Hao
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China.
| | - Guodong Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No.72 Xiang'an Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jinhai Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No.72 Xiang'an Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Weiming Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, No.138, Tongda Street, Daoli District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No.72 Xiang'an Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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25
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Ishii M, Ikeda N, Miyata H, Takahashi M, Nishimura M. Purple sweet potato leaf extracts suppress adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14057. [PMID: 35034358 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf extract (PSPLE) is known to exhibit various biological effects. However, the anti-adipogenic effects of PSPLE on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PSPLE on the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow MSCs. PSPLE treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels during adipogenic differentiation. PSPLE suppressed the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, which are the master transcription factors orchestrating adipogenesis; moreover, it inhibited the expression of adiponectin, adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which are downstream target genes involved in adipogenic differentiation. Furthermore, PSPLE treatment suppressed glucose transporter 4 expression and intracellular glucose uptake and significantly inhibited the adipogenic differentiation induced factor-stimulated Akt signaling activation. These results indicate that PSPLE suppresses the differentiation of undifferentiated MSCs into adipocyte lineages and inhibits the terminal differentiation from preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide is a problem today. Obesity is induced by an excessive accumulation of adipocytes and causes obesity-related diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Natural compounds derived from plants and fruits have a variety of biological activities and are expected to exert therapeutic effects against various diseases. This study shows that purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf extract (PSPLE) suppresses adipogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, PSPLE may be a novel functional food for controlling obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Ishii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nao Ikeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Haruka Miyata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Manami Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
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26
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Mahmoud AM, Sayed AM, Ahmed OS, Abdel-Daim MM, Hassanein EHM. The role of flavonoids in inhibiting IL-6 and inflammatory arthritis. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:746-768. [PMID: 34994311 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220107105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the synovial joints. RA has well-known clinical manifestations and can cause progressive disability and premature death along with socioeconomic burdens. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the pathology of RA where it can stimulate pannus formation, osteoclastogenesis, and oxidative stress. Flavonoids are plant metabolites with beneficial pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and others. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in a variety of plants, vegetables, and fruits. Many flavonoids have demonstrated anti-arthritic activity mediated mainly through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review thoroughly discusses the accumulate data on the role of flavonoids on IL-6 in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Osama S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
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27
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Hao X, Guan R, Huang H, Yang K, Wang L, Wu Y. Anti-inflammatory activity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside liposomes in THP-1 macrophages. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6480-6491. [PMID: 34925779 PMCID: PMC8645709 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a kind of water-soluble pigment widely existing in many plants. It has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, C3G cannot exist stably for a long time because of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in its structure. Liposome technology could improve the stability and bioavailability of compounds. Based on our previous studies, C3G liposomes prepared by ethanol injection method have a certain stability in two weeks of storage. In this study, THP-1 macrophages treated with C3G and C3G liposomes can reduce the levels of inflammatory-related factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Further studies showed that the LPS induction could increase the level of phosphorylated nuclear transcription factor NF-κB and phosphorylated IkBa, while C3G and C3G liposomes could inhibit the expression of phosphorylated proteins. Moreover, C3G and C3G liposomes could protect macrophages from apoptosis. In conclusion, C3G prepared by liposome technology exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, which provides a theoretical basis for the food industry to study functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Hao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and QuarantineChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Rongfa Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and QuarantineChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhouChina
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Haizhi Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and QuarantineChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Yuanfeng Wu
- School of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouChina
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28
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Ding W, Liu H, Qin Z, Liu M, Zheng M, Cai D, Liu J. Dietary Antioxidant Anthocyanins Mitigate Type II Diabetes through Improving the Disorder of Glycometabolism and Insulin Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13350-13363. [PMID: 34730960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the pathological reasons for type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, it is important to prevent the body from developing T2DM by improving IR and maintaining glucose homeostasis. Anthocyanins (ACNs) are water-soluble pigments and are widely distributed in natural products. This article summarizes research on the bioavailability and metabolism of ACNs. Moreover, we further elaborate on how ACNs reduce IR and hyperglycemia during the development of T2DM based on studies over the past 20 years. Many studies have demonstrated that ACNs are small molecules that target the pancreatic, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues, preventing IR and hyperglycemia. However, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, we envision whether the molecular mechanism of reducing T2DM by ACNs could be more deeply investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Ziqi Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Meihong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Dan Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, 130118 Changchun, China
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29
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Molonia MS, Quesada-Lopez T, Speciale A, Muscarà C, Saija A, Villarroya F, Cimino F. In Vitro Effects of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside on Inflammatory and Insulin-Sensitizing Genes in Human Adipocytes Exposed to Palmitic Acid. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100607. [PMID: 34643021 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we investigated the in vitro potential beneficial effects of the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) on inflammation and insulin resistance markers induced by palmitic acid (PA) in human SGBS adipocytes. Results demonstrated that PA reduced insulin sensitivity in SGBS cells with a significant inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, with a higher sensitivity to PA than murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 glucose transporters and the enzyme hexokinase-II. C3G pretreatment (1-20 μM) reverted these effects. Moreover, we demonstrated, for the first time in human adipocytes, that cells exposure to PA induced gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. Cells pretreatment with C3G resulted in a reduction in mRNA levels starting at very low concentrations (1 μM). In conclusion, this study highlights the effects of PA on inflammation and insulin resistance markers in human adipocytes, and confirm the role of C3G in the prevention of lipotoxicity in dysfunctional adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Tania Quesada-Lopez
- Department de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
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30
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Cheng Z, Si X, Tan H, Zang Z, Tian J, Shu C, Sun X, Li Z, Jiang Q, Meng X, Chen Y, Li B, Wang Y. Cyanidin-3- O-glucoside and its phenolic metabolites ameliorate intestinal diseases via modulating intestinal mucosal immune system: potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1629-1647. [PMID: 34420433 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1966381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of the intestinal disease is globally increasing, and the intestinal mucosa immune system is an important defense line. A potential environmental cause to regulate gut health is diet. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside is a natural plant bioactive substance that has shown rising evidence of improving intestinal disease and keeping gut homeostasis. This review summarized the intestinal protective effect of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in vivo and in vitro and discussed the potential mechanisms by regulating the intestinal mucosal immune system. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and phenolic metabolites inhibited the presence and progression of intestinal diseases and explained from the aspects of repairing the intestinal wall, inhibiting inflammatory reaction, and regulating the gut microbiota. Although the animal and clinical studies are inadequate, based on the accumulated evidence, we propose that the interaction of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside with the intestinal mucosal immune system is at the core of most mechanisms by which affect host gut diseases. This review puts forward the potential mechanism of action and targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xu Si
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Hui Tan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Zhihuan Zang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Chi Shu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xiyun Sun
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China.,National R&D Professional Center For Berry Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, P. R. China
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31
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Kozłowska A, Dzierżanowski T. Targeting Inflammation by Anthocyanins as the Novel Therapeutic Potential for Chronic Diseases: An Update. Molecules 2021; 26:4380. [PMID: 34299655 PMCID: PMC8304181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) and oxidative stress act as cooperative and synergistic partners in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Polyphenols, including anthocyanins, are involved in regulating the inflammatory state and activating the endogenous antioxidant defenses. Anthocyanins' effects on inflammatory markers are promising and may have the potential to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, translating these research findings into clinical practice would effectively contribute to the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. The present narrative review summarizes the results of clinical studies from the last 5 years in the context of the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative role of anthocyanins in both health and disease. There is evidence to indicate that anthocyanins supplementation in the regulation of pro-inflammatory markers among the healthy and chronic disease population. Although the inconsistencies between the result of randomized control trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses were also observed. Regarding anthocyanins' effects on inflammatory markers, there is a need for long-term clinical trials allowing for the quantifiable progression of inflammation. The present review can help clinicians and other health care professionals understand the importance of anthocyanins use in patients with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Dzierżanowski
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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32
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Dietary Flavonoids and Insulin Signaling in Diabetes and Obesity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061474. [PMID: 34208379 PMCID: PMC8231211 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are relevant worldwide chronic diseases. A common complication in both pathologies is the dysregulation of the insulin-signaling pathway that is crucial to maintain an accurate glucose homeostasis. Flavonoids are naturally occurring phenolic compounds abundant in fruits, vegetables and seeds. Rising evidence supports a role for the flavonoids against T2D and obesity, and at present, these compounds are considered as important potential chemopreventive agents. This review summarizes in vitro and in vivo studies providing data related to the effects of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods on the modulation of the insulin route during T2D and obesity. Notably, few human studies have evaluated the regulatory effect of these phenolic compounds at molecular level on the insulin pathway. In this context, it is also important to note that the mechanism of action for the flavonoids is not fully characterized and that a proper dosage to obtain a beneficial effect on health has not been defined yet. Further investigations will contribute to solve all these critical challenges and will enable the use of flavonoids to prevent, delay or support the treatment of T2D and obesity.
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33
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Zhang S, Xu M, Zhang W, Liu C, Chen S. Natural Polyphenols in Metabolic Syndrome: Protective Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116110. [PMID: 34204038 PMCID: PMC8201163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic disease, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. It should be noted that the occurrence of MetS is closely related to oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ectopic fat accumulation, and the impairment of the antioxidant system, which in turn further aggravates the intracellular oxidative imbalance and inflammatory response. As enriched anti-inflammatory and antioxidant components in plants, natural polyphenols exhibit beneficial effects, including improving liver fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, reducing blood pressure. Hence, they are expected to be useful in the prevention and management of MetS. At present, epidemiological studies indicate a negative correlation between polyphenol intake and MetS incidence. In this review, we summarized and discussed the most promising natural polyphenols (including flavonoid and non-flavonoid drugs) in the precaution and treatment of MetS, including their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their regulatory functions involved in glycolipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Siyu Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-86185645
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34
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Kim JN, Han SN, Kim HK. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Diabetic Effect of Black Soybean Anthocyanins: Data from a Dual Cooperative Cellular System. Molecules 2021; 26:3363. [PMID: 34199668 PMCID: PMC8199741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by elevated infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue, leading to the development of insulin resistance. The black soybean seed coat is a rich source of anthocyanins with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This study investigated the effects of black soybean anthocyanin extract (BSAn) on obesity-induced oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and insulin resistance in a coculture system of hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264 macrophages. Coculture of adipocytes with macrophages increased the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators and cytokines (NO, MCP-1, PGE2, TNFα, and IL-6) and the release of free fatty acids but reduced anti-inflammatory adiponectin secretion. BSAn treatment (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) alleviated the coculture-induced changes (p < 0.001) and inhibited coculture-induced activation of JNK and ERK signaling (p < 0.01). BSAn also blocked the migration of RAW264.7 macrophages toward 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, treatment with BSAn increased PPARγ expression and glucose uptake in response to insulin in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocyte and RAW264.7 macrophage coculture (p < 0.01). These results demonstrate that BSAn attenuates inflammatory responses and improves adipocyte metabolic function in the coculture of hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages, suggesting the effectiveness of BSAn for obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Nam Kim
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14662, Korea;
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14662, Korea;
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35
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Effects of Anthocyanins on Vascular Health. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060811. [PMID: 34070757 PMCID: PMC8227852 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders are leading mortality causes worldwide, often with a latent evolution. Vascular health depends on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques. Preventive medicine deserves special attention, focusing on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including diet. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has well-known health benefits, especially due to its polyphenolic components. Anthocyanins, water-soluble flavonoid species, responsible for the red-blue color in plants and commonly found in berries, exert favorable effects on the endothelial function, oxidative stress, inhibit COX-1, and COX-2 enzymes, exert antiatherogenic, antihypertensive, antiglycation, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activity, ameliorate dyslipidemia and arterial stiffness. The present review aims to give a current overview of the mechanisms involved in the vascular protective effect of anthocyanins from the human diet, considering epidemiological data, in vitro and in vivo preclinical research, clinical observational, retrospective, intervention and randomized studies, dietary and biomarker studies, and discussing preventive benefits of anthocyanins and future research directions.
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