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García Carnero LC, Pinzan CF, Diehl C, de Castro PA, Pontes L, Rodrigues AM, Dos Reis TF, Goldman GH. Milteforan, a promising veterinary commercial product against feline sporotrichosis. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0047424. [PMID: 39194287 PMCID: PMC11448087 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00474-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis, the cutaneous mycosis most commonly reported in Latin America, is caused by the Sporothrix clinical clade species, including Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto. Due to its zoonotic transmission in Brazil, S. brasiliensis represents a significant health threat to humans and domestic animals. Itraconazole, terbinafine, and amphotericin B are the most used antifungals for treating sporotrichosis. However, many strains of S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii have shown resistance to these agents, highlighting the importance of finding new therapeutic options. Here, we demonstrate that milteforan, a commercial veterinary product against dog leishmaniasis, whose active principle is miltefosine, is a possible therapeutic alternative for the treatment of sporotrichosis, as observed by its fungicidal activity in vitro against different strains of S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii. Fluorescent miltefosine localizes to the Sporothrix cell membrane and mitochondria and causes cell death through increased permeabilization. Milteforan decreases S. brasiliensis fungal burden in A549 pulmonary cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages and also has an immunomodulatory effect by decreasing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 production. Our results suggest milteforan as a possible alternative to treat feline sporotrichosis. IMPORTANCE Sporotrichosis is an endemic disease in Latin America caused by different species of Sporothrix. This fungus can infect domestic animals, mainly cats and eventually dogs, as well as humans. Few drugs are available to treat this disease, such as itraconazole, terbinafine, and amphotericin B, but resistance to these agents has risen in the last few years. Alternative new therapeutic options to treat sporotrichosis are essential. Here, we propose milteforan, a commercial veterinary product against dog leishmaniasis, whose active principle is miltefosine, as a possible therapeutic alternative for treating sporotrichosis. Milteforan decreases S. brasiliensis fungal burden in human and mouse cells and has an immunomodulatory effect by decreasing several cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C García Carnero
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Figueiredo Pinzan
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Diehl
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patricia Alves de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lais Pontes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaila F Dos Reis
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, São Paulo, Brazil
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Celiker P, Lin LK. Disseminated sporotrichosis presenting as left nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Orbit 2024; 43:588-590. [PMID: 37232467 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2023.2216775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis, a subacute or chronic mycosis caused by the Sporothrix schenckii complex, is commonly seen in tropical or subtropical parts of the world, especially in individuals who are in contact with cats or engage in gardening activities. Sporotrichosis generally presents with skin ulceration at the site of inoculation and follows a lymphocutaneous pattern; however, it can present in various confounding ways. Here, we present a case of disseminated sporotrichosis in an immunocompromised patient who did not seem to have any of the commonly associated risk factors and initially presented with a left nasolacrimal duct obstruction caused by lacrimal sac sporotrichosis, but then was found to have monoarticular involvement of his knee also secondary to disseminated sporotrichosis. Thorough clinical and microbiological evaluation, as well as multidisciplinary work, can lead to correct diagnosis and treatment of sporotrichosis, especially for atypical presentations in immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Celiker
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Lily Koo Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Gonçalves NV, Miranda CDSC, Souza BCD, Rocha MPDC, Carneiro FRO, Maués MAC, Oliveira DMCD, David MBM, Brito MTFMD, Quaresma JAS. Occurrence of sporotrichosis in Belém, Pará, Brazil: a metaphor for unsustainable socioeconomic development. Braz J Infect Dis 2024:103872. [PMID: 39332811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2024.103872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a fungal anthropozoonosis that has become a major public health problem in tropical countries. With that in mind, this study analyzed the relationship between this disease and demographic, socioeconomic and public health issues in Belém, State of Pará, Brazil, from 2020 to 2022. This ecological and cross-sectional study used data from the Belém Zoonosis Control Center, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Health Ministry. Descriptive and spatial analyses were performed employing significance statistical, kernel, buffer and Moran techniques. One hundred sporotrichosis cases in cats and 49 in humans were analyzed. The results showed that the individuals most affected were women (61.22 %), adults (87.76 %), with the cutaneous form (95.92 %), diagnosed histopathologically (38.78 %), still undergoing treatment (46.94 %) and that the form of contagion was through cat scratches or bites (73.47 %). The profile also showed quantitative significance of ignored data related to treatment (65.31 %) and cat presence at home (63.27 %). The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution with very high densities in Campina de Icoaraci, Águas Negras and Parque Guajará. Those neighborhoods presented a very low Living Conditions Index and precarious services and health centers. The spatial dependence between the environmental and socioeconomic studied variables evidenced the establishment of an active transmission circuit for sporotrichosis in peripheral areas of the city, related to health inequalities with an underlying possible epidemiological silence, suggesting the need for expanding One Health public policies, aiming the sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Veiga Gonçalves
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Geoprocessamento da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil; Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto Ciberespacial, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Claudia do Socorro Carvalho Miranda
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Geoprocessamento da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Bruna Costa de Souza
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Geoprocessamento da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Maridelzira Betânia Moraes David
- Secretária Municipal de Saúde de Belém, Centro de Controle de Zoonozes, Belém, PA, Brazil; Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Hospital Veterinário, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Santos MT, Nascimento LFDJ, Barbosa AAT, Martins MP, Tunon GIL, Santos POM, Dantas-Torres F, Dolabella SS. The rising incidence of feline and cat-transmitted sporotrichosis in Latin America. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:609-619. [PMID: 39044549 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by different species of thermodimorphic fungi belonging to the genus Sporothrix. These fungi may affect a wide range of warm-blooded animals, including humans, dogs and, mainly, cats. METHODS In this article, we conducted a narrative literature review about the status of feline and cat-transmitted sporotrichosis in Latin American countries, with emphasis on Brazil. RESULTS From a global perspective, Latin America is one of the main foci of human and feline sporotrichosis. In humans, the disease has been reported in several countries, with endemic transmission occurring in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico and Uruguay. Sporothrix brasiliensis is the most common species identified in human cases in Brazil, whereas Sporothrix schenckii predominates in other countries. CONCLUSION Domestic cats are the main source of infection in the zoonotic transmission cycle of sporotrichosis in Latin America. Cases of feline sporotrichosis have been reported in several countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay and Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Andrea Teixeira Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Parasite Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Graduate Program in Parasite Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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Suzuki NN, Mitsuushi GN, Dos Santos LS, Souza LB, Cintra ML, Zaninelli A, Velho PENF, Drummond MR. Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome: Coinfection by Bartonella henselae and Sporothrix brasiliensis. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107297. [PMID: 38914413 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
A 26-year-old woman presented an eyelid lesion, after being scratched by a cat that had a similar skin lesion. It evolved into a cervical lymph node enlargement. With a hypothesis of Parinaud´s oculoglandular syndrome (POS) due to cat scratch disease (CSD), doxycycline was prescribed. After two weeks of treatment without improvement, a biopsy and blood sample were obtained. Itraconazole was prescribed and the skin lesion improved, but not the lymph node enlargement. A Sporothrix schenckii complex was isolated from the skin sample. Also, a specie-specific polymerase chain reaction detected Bartonella henselae DNA in her blood sample. Azithromycin was included to treat the bacterial infection, whereupon the lymph node also receded successfully. Sporotrichosis and CSD are zoonoses that can be transmitted to humans by traumatic inoculation due to scratches or bites from cats. Both can evolve with POS. Patients who present skin lesions and/or POS after being wounded by a cat should be investigated for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Naomi Suzuki
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Medical School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nero Mitsuushi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Medical School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciene Silva Dos Santos
- Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection Laboratory, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Medical School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais Bomediano Souza
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Medical School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Cintra
- Division of Anatomopathology, Department of Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Medical School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica Zaninelli
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Medical School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Medical School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection Laboratory, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Medical School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marina Rovani Drummond
- Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection Laboratory, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Medical School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Almeida HLD, Scott da Rocha A, Müller L, Boff AL. Single-lesion sporotrichosis triggering Sweet's syndrome. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:788-790. [PMID: 38851895 PMCID: PMC11342989 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Larangeira de Almeida
- Postgraduation in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Augusto Scott da Rocha
- Postgraduation in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Letícia Boff
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Mathias LDSFR, Carvalho CEG, Baptistiolli L, Cleveland HPK, Ullmann LS, Galhardo JA. First detection of feline sporotrichosis (Sporothrix brasiliensis) at the zoonoses control service in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do sul, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2907-2914. [PMID: 38829481 PMCID: PMC11405349 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a traumatic mycosis affecting the skin or subcutaneous tissues caused by Sporothrix dimorphic fungus. The fungal complex includes several pathogenic species, out of which S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii are predominant in Brazil. In Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) state, the first human and animal cases were reported in 2016 in Corumbá and Ladário cities. Accordingly, we present the first occurrences of feline sporotrichosis detected in the state capital Campo Grande, MS, by the Zoonoses Control Service (ZCS) of the Municipal Public Health Department. The study included four allochthonous cases of feline sporotrichosis originating from Corumbá, MS, attended by the ZCS. All four cats presented classical clinical signs of sporotrichosis, as ulcerative nodular cutaneous lesions. Three slides tested positive by direct microscopy and PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing confirmed Sporothrix brasiliensis in two samples. The initial suspicion and diagnosis of feline sporotrichosis at the ZCS highlights the importance of accurate surveillance of sporotrichosis in non-endemic areas to enhance the capacity to prevent, detect and respond to emerging diseases in Campo Grande.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Herbert Patric Kellermann Cleveland
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leila Sabrina Ullmann
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Arena Galhardo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Viana PG, Gremião IDF, da Silva Antonio IM, Figueiredo ABF, Correa ML, Boechat JS, de Sá Machado AC, de Oliveira RVC, Oliveira MME, Almeida-Paes R, Pereira-Oliveira GR, Pereira SA. Is terbinafine an effective treatment for feline sporotrichosis? Vet Rec 2024; 195:e4435. [PMID: 39148234 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terbinafine has been successfully used in the treatment of human sporotrichosis; however, its effectiveness in the treatment of feline sporotrichosis is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the use of terbinafine in the treatment of feline sporotrichosis. METHODS A cohort study was conducted in cats with sporotrichosis to assess the effectiveness and safety of terbinafine (30‒60 mg/kg/day). Clinical examination and analysis of laboratory parameters were performed monthly until clinical signs resolved or terbinafine treatment was discontinued. RESULTS Of the 54 cats with sporotrichosis included in the study, 19 were lost during follow-up and five were withdrawn from the study due to switching to treatment with another prescription drug. Of the remaining 30 cats, 10 achieved clinical cure, with a median treatment time of 18.5 weeks. Treatment failed in 18 cases, and two cats died. Twenty-two cats had adverse reactions to terbinafine treatment, and 10 cats showed elevation of serum transaminases. LIMITATION Loss during follow-up was high, which makes it difficult to draw accurate conclusions regarding clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION The low rate of clinical cure observed suggests that terbinafine does not represent an effective treatment option for cases of feline sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gonçalves Viana
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria da Silva Antonio
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Barreto Fernandes Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Lopes Correa
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Sepulveda Boechat
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline de Sá Machado
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Reis Pereira-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Oliveira PRF, de Carvalho JA, Costa TR, Silva BPE, da Silva GG, Rodrigues AM, Mota RA. Emerging Cases of Cat-Transmitted Sporotrichosis Driven by Sporothrix brasiliensis in Northeast Brazil. Mycopathologia 2024; 189:66. [PMID: 39003373 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Cat-transmitted sporotrichosis is caused by the emerging fungal pathogen Sporothrix brasiliensis and constitutes a significant public health issue that affects people living in resource-poor urban centers in Brazil. The lack of knowledge about transmission dynamics makes it difficult to propose public health policies to contain the advance of sporotrichosis. We describe the recent emergence of 1,176 cases of sporotrichosis in cats (2016 to 2021) in the metropolitan region of Recife, Brazil, leading to significant zoonotic transmission and an overwhelming occurrence of S. brasiliensis as the etiological agent. Most cases were from cats in the cities of Olinda (408/1,176; 34.70%), Jaboatão dos Guararapes (332/1,176; 28.23%), and Recife (237/1,176; 20.15%). Molecular typing using amplified fragment length polymorphism (EcoRI-GA/MseI-AG) revealed low polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.2499) and heterozygosity (H = 0.2928), typical of an outbreak scenario. Dendrogram and multivariate cluster analysis revealed that isolates from Pernambuco are closely related to Rio de Janeiro isolates. We report a substantial occurrence of MAT1-2 idiomorphs in the metropolitan region of Recife (0:60 ratio; χ2 = 60.000, P < 0.0001). The limited population differentiation and genetic diversity of the isolates from Pernambuco suggest a recent introduction, possibly via a founder effect, from the parental population in Rio de Janeiro. Our findings emphasize the critical importance of molecular surveillance of S. brasiliensis for outbreak response. A comprehensive one-health strategy is mandatory to control the spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis driven by S. brasiliensis, encompassing sanitary barriers, quick diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamile Ambrósio de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil
| | - Taizi Rodrigues Costa
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Gonçalves da Silva
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
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Marques SA, Roselino AM, Almeida Junior HLD, Abbade LPF. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia: on the eve of its centennial year. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:489-490. [PMID: 38734545 PMCID: PMC11221255 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Alencar Marques
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Roselino
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Hiram Larangeira de Almeida Junior
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Patrícia Fernandes Abbade
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Mesquita VA, Talhari S, Leturiondo AL, de Souza GC, de Brito EM, de Andrade SL, Fernandes DCDL, Frota MZM, Cruz RCDS, Guimarães JDAR, Miot HA, Talhari C, Pedrosa VL. Zoonotic Sporotrichosis outbreak: Emerging public health threat in the Amazon State, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012328. [PMID: 39038043 PMCID: PMC11293696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporotrichosis is the most common subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix spp. Traditionally, it is transmitted through injuries involving plant debris. However, over the past few decades, there has been an epidemic increase in human cases resulting from contact with infected animals, particularly cats, in various regions of Brazil. In this report, we report a notable increase in both human and animal cases within the Brazilian Amazon state. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS An ecological study was conducted by analyzing official records of human and animal sporotrichosis diagnosed in the state of Amazon from 2020 to 2023. Data including patient demographics, clinical manifestations, mycological examination results, and species identification through PCR confirmation were evaluated. During this period, a total of 950 human cases and 2,823 animal cases of sporotrichosis were reported at an exponential rate, since no human cases were registered in 2020. The spatial and temporal dispersion of human sporotrichosis followed that of animal cases, moving from downtown areas to the periphery. Contact with infected animals was reported in 77.7% of cases, with cats being the most commonly implicated (73.5%). Only 66.7% of individuals underwent mycological examination. Among the positive cultures for Sporothrix spp., 65.4% were identified as S. brasiliensis. All patients were treated with systemic antifungals. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights a rising incidence of sporotrichosis among animals and humans in the Brazilian Amazon region over the past four years, with S. brasiliensis being the predominant agent. Collaborative efforts involving healthcare professionals, veterinarians, and public health authorities are crucial to implement effective control measures, educate populations at risk, and promote responsible guidance for pet guardians. These measures are essential to mitigate the burden of epidemic sporotrichosis in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviany Araujo Mesquita
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Dermatologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Sinesio Talhari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Dermatologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação Hospitalar Alfredo da Matta de Dermatologia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Leturiondo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Dermatologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação Hospitalar Alfredo da Matta de Dermatologia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Caldas de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Dermatologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Euzenio Moreira de Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Dermatologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Suanni Lemos de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Dermatologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Departament of Pathology—Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rossilene Conceição da Silva Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Dermatologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação Hospitalar Alfredo da Matta de Dermatologia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Andrade Rebouças Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Dermatologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Departament of Internal Medicine—Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Helio Amante Miot
- Departamento de Dermatologia da FMB-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Talhari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Dermatologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Departamento de Dermatologia da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Valderiza Lourenço Pedrosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Dermatologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação Hospitalar Alfredo da Matta de Dermatologia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Rodrigues AM, de Carvalho JA, Nery AF, Hueb M, Garcia I, Guevara A, de Camargo ZP, Hahn RC. Multifocal Sporotrichosis Associated with Armadillo Hunting in Midwest Brazil: An In-Depth Case Study and Comprehensive Literature Analysis. Mycopathologia 2024; 189:53. [PMID: 38864961 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic Sporothrix species commonly found in soil, mosses, and decaying plant matter. The lymphocutaneous manifestation, historically associated with occupational activities and sapronotic transmission, has recently been observed to also occur through animal contact, particularly notable in Brazil. We describe a rare case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis with simultaneous pulmonary complications resulting from the scratching of a southern three-banded armadillo, Tolypeutes matacus, primarily inhabiting the arid forests of South America's central region. Speciation using multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) established the etiological agent as S. schenckii s. str., while amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis unveiled a novel genotype circulating in the Midwest of Brazil. The patient received treatment with itraconazole (200 mg/day) for two months, leading to substantial clinical improvement of cutaneous and pulmonary symptoms. This case highlights the critical role of animal-mediated transmission in sporotrichosis epidemiology, particularly within regions with diverse armadillo species. The unusual epidemiology and genetic characteristics of this case emphasize the need for enhanced awareness and diagnostic vigilance in atypical sporotrichosis presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamile Ambrósio de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia Ferreira Nery
- Medical Mycology Laboratory/Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Marcia Hueb
- Medical Mycology Laboratory/Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ivana Garcia
- Medical Mycology Laboratory/Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Armando Guevara
- Medical Mycology Laboratory/Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosane Christine Hahn
- Medical Mycology Laboratory/Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Júlio Muller University Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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13
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Peçanha FM, Cruz KS, Dantas Portela FL, Vilasboas V, Cavalcante ADS. Disseminated nodulo-ulcerative lesions associated with chronic liver disease. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 48:134-137. [PMID: 38841517 PMCID: PMC11150911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francilene Moreira Peçanha
- Dermatology Resident – PGY3, Tropical Medicine Foundation – Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Katia Santana Cruz
- Pharmacist, Tropical Medicine Foundation – Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Vírginia Vilasboas
- Dermatologist, Residency Tutor, Tropical Medicine Foundation – Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Andréa de Souza Cavalcante
- Dermatologist, Residency Tutor, Tropical Medicine Foundation – Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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14
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Ramos MLM, Almeida-Silva F, de Souza Rabello VB, Nahal J, Figueiredo-Carvalho MHG, Bernardes-Engemann AR, Poester VR, Xavier MO, Meyer W, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Frases S, Almeida-Paes R. In vitro activity of the anthelmintic drug niclosamide against Sporothrix spp. strains with distinct genetic and antifungal susceptibility backgrounds. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1359-1368. [PMID: 38466550 PMCID: PMC11153390 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The drugs available to treat sporotrichosis, an important yet neglected fungal infection, are limited. Some Sporothrix spp. strains present reduced susceptibility to these antifungals. Furthermore, some patients may not be indicated to use these drugs, while others may not respond to the therapy. The anthelmintic drug niclosamide is fungicidal against the Sporothrix brasiliensis type strain. This study aimed to evaluate whether niclosamide also has antifungal activity against Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix schenckii and other S. brasiliensis strains with distinct genotypes and antifungal susceptibility status. Minimal inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC, respectively) were determined using the microdilution method according to the CLSI protocol. The checkerboard method was employed to evaluate niclosamide synergism with drugs used in sporotrichosis treatment. Metabolic activity of the strains under niclosamide treatment was evaluated using the resazurin dye. Niclosamide was active against all S. brasiliensis strains (n = 17), but it was ineffective (MIC > 20 µM) for some strains (n = 4) of other pathogenic Sporothrix species. Niclosamide MIC values for Sporothrix spp. were similar for mycelial and yeast-like forms of the strains (P = 0.6604). Niclosamide was fungicidal (MFC/MIC ratio ≤ 2) for most strains studied (89%). Niclosamide activity against S. brasiliensis is independent of the fungal genotype or non-wild-type phenotypes for amphotericin B, itraconazole, or terbinafine. These antifungal drugs presented indifferent interactions with niclosamide. Niclosamide has demonstrated potential for repurposing as a treatment for sporotrichosis, particularly in S. brasiliensis cases, instigating in vivo studies to validate the in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lucy Mesquita Ramos
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Almeida-Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Brito de Souza Rabello
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nahal
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Reis Bernardes-Engemann
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Laboratório de Micologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Laboratório de Micologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute of the KNAW, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Rede Micologia - FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Rede Micologia - FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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15
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Soto-Salazar LG, Cervantes-Rosales KV, Juanicotena-Madrigal G, Reyes-Enriquez CP, Ramirez-Padilla M. Disseminated sporotrichosis with pulmonary involvement in an iatrogenic immunocompromised man. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:545-546. [PMID: 38337162 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
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16
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Fonseca SNS. Overview of invasive fungal infections in children in South America - the threat of resistant Candida species and the role of climate change in the new geographic distribution of endemic systemic mycosis. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024; 36:136-143. [PMID: 38299979 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Invasive fungal infection (IFI) in children is a growing problem with crescent morbidity and mortality, well recognized in developed countries, affecting mainly immunocompromised children, including neonates and children in intensive care units. The burden of IFI in South American children is less well comprehended. In addition, the current epidemiology of endemic systemic mycoses in children may have changed over time. RECENT FINDINGS Candida spp. infections are very prevalent in South America hospitalized children, especially in neonates, in a rate far superior compared to developed countries. C. auris, has already been responsible for outbreaks in neonates and children in Venezuela and Colombia. Sporotrichosis is well established as an urban zoonosis in impoverish families. Paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are affecting new areas of Brazil, probably due to climate change, deforestation, and human migration. SUMMARY This review aims to unveil the real dimension of these infections in South American children. Hopefully, the awareness brought by this review will help healthcare professionals to recognize IFI more easily and it will provide support for getting more resources for IFI treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Nunes Szente Fonseca
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Escola de Medicina Estácio-Idomed, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil
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17
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Kothari R, Varghese J, Bhatnagar A, Kishore K, Kumar R. Dermoscopy of Fixed Cutaneous Sporotrichosis With a Follow-Up Till Cure: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e55960. [PMID: 38601413 PMCID: PMC11006001 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis (FCS) is a rare and chronic infection. Its diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion. The data on its dermoscopy and follow-up is limited in the literature. We herein report one such case with a follow-up till cure along with its dermoscopy to establish certain specific features that may be used to ascertain the response to treatment for this chronic infection and its prognosis. We found only three such cases following an extensive review of the literature, and this case emphasizes the importance of dermoscopy in recent times as the history, swab cultures, and smears may be misleading at times due to the chronic and long-standing nature of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kothari
- Dermatology, Command Hospital Air Force, Bangalore, IND
| | | | | | | | - Rahul Kumar
- Dermatology, Command Hospital Air Force, Bangalore, IND
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18
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Carnero LCG, Dos Reis TF, Diehl C, de Castro PA, Pontes L, Pinzan CF, Goldman GH. Milteforan, a promising veterinary commercial product against feline sporotrichosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580352. [PMID: 38405873 PMCID: PMC10888911 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis, the cutaneous mycosis most commonly reported in Latin America, is caused by the Sporothrix clinical clade species, including Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto. In Brazil, S. brasiliensis represents a vital health threat to humans and domestic animals due to its zoonotic transmission. Itraconazole, terbinafine, and amphotericin B are the most used antifungals for treating sporotrichosis. However, many strains of S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii have shown resistance to these agents, highlighting the importance of finding new therapeutic options. Here, we demonstrate that milteforan, a commercial veterinary product against dog leishmaniasis whose active principle is miltefosine, is a possible therapeutic alternative for the treatment of sporotrichosis, as observed by its fungicidal activity in vitro against different strains of S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii, and by its antifungal activity when used to treat infected epithelial cells and macrophages. Our results suggest milteforan as a possible alternative to treat feline sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C García Carnero
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thaila F Dos Reis
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Diehl
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patricia Alves de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lais Pontes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Figueiredo Pinzan
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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19
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de Souza Rabello VB, de Melo Teixeira M, Meyer W, Irinyi L, Xavier MO, Poester VR, Pereira Brunelli JG, Almeida-Silva F, Bernardes-Engemann AR, Ferreira Gremião ID, Dos Santos Angelo DF, Clementino IJ, Almeida-Paes R, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Multi-locus sequencing typing reveals geographically related intraspecies variability of Sporothrix brasiliensis. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 170:103845. [PMID: 38040325 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by pathogenic Sporothrix species. Among them, Sporothrix brasiliensis is the main species associated with endemic regions in South America, especially Brazil. It is highly virulent and can be spread through zoonotic transmission. Molecular epidemiological surveys are needed to determine the extent of genetic variation, to investigate outbreaks, and to identify genotypes associated with antifungal resistance and susceptibility. This study investigated the sequence variation of different constitutive genes and established a novel multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for S. brasiliensis. Specific primers were designed for 16 genes using Primer-BLAST software based on the genome sequences of three S. brasiliensis strains (ATCC MYA-4823, A001 and A005). Ninety-one human, animal, and environmental S. brasiliensis isolates from different Brazilian geographic regions (South, Southeast, Midwest and Northeast) andtwo isolates from Paraguay were sequenced. The loci that presented the highest nucleotide diversity (π) were selected for the MLST scheme. Among the 16 studied genetic loci, four presented increased π value and were able to distinguish all S. brasiliensis isolates into seven distinct haplotypes. The PCR conditions were standardized for four loci. Some of the obtained haplotypes were associated with the geographic origin of the strains. This study presents an important advance in the understanding of this important agent of sporotrichosis in Brazil. It significantly increased the discriminatory power for genotyping of S. brasiliensis isolates, and enabled new contributions to the epidemiological studies of this human and animal pathogen in Brazil and in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Brito de Souza Rabello
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marcus de Melo Teixeira
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Research and Education Network, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laszlo Irinyi
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Research and Education Network, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Laboratório de Micologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FAMED-FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Laboratório de Micologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FAMED-FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Almeida-Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea Reis Bernardes-Engemann
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Inácio José Clementino
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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20
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Liu YY, Song Y, Guan MQ, Yang L, Chen RL, Shi Y, Cui Y, Li SS. Hyperthermia is a promising potential adjunct to treating sporotrichosis: A refractory case of HIV sporotrichosis and in vitro experiments on Sporothrix spp. Mycoses 2024; 67:e13671. [PMID: 37897073 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperthermia is a common monotherapy for sporotrichosis, but only in patients with special conditions, such as pregnancy and nursing. However, hyperthermia has not been used more widely for sporotrichosis in clinical practice. PATIENTS/METHODS An HIV-positive adult male with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix globosa that did not respond to conventional itraconazole therapy lasting >2 months received adjunctive therapy with local hyperthermia. To simulate the effects of heat exposure on the growth and morphology of Sporothrix spp. in vitro, S. globosa, S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis were exposed to intermittent heat (42°C) for 1 h a day for 7 or 28 days and observed under transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Itraconazole combined with local hyperthermia significantly improved the lesions, and the patient was successfully cured of sporotrichosis, with no recurrence after 2 years of follow-up. Cultures of Sporothrix spp. treated with 7 days of daily heat exposure in vitro showed obvious decreases in colony diameters, but not numbers, compared with untreated cultures (p < .001). After 28 days of heat exposure in vitro, Sporothrix spp. were unable to thrive (p < .001), and ultrastructural alterations, including loose cell wall structure, incomplete cell membrane, disrupted vacuoles and fragmented nuclei, were noticeable. CONCLUSIONS Our case findings and in vitro experiments on Sporothrix spp., together with a literature review of previous sporotrichosis cases, suggest that hyperthermia has a clinical role as a treatment adjunct. Large-scale clinical trials are required to examine the utility of hyperthermia in various forms of cutaneous sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng-Qi Guan
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Yang
- Instrument Center, State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui-Li Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Izoton CF, de Macedo PM, do Valle AC, Almeida-Paes R, Figueiredo-Carvalho MH, Rabello VB, Martins AC, Freitas DF. Adjunctive methylene blue antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for mucocutaneous lesions of mycoses: three case reports. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:1017-1024. [PMID: 37702055 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and sporotrichosis are mycoses caused by different fungal species with significant prevalence in Brazil and other countries. In some situations, they affect quality of life, especially in the most vulnerable populations. Antifungal drug therapy is the conventional treatment for these diseases, although some difficulties may occur. Adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may reduce these challenges. Three patients were treated with aPDT and conventional antifungals. In all cases, the patients did not report pain, discomfort or side effects during or after the aPDT intervention. The adjunctive use of aPDT in the cases presented proved to be a safe, low-cost tool that may be promising for the treatment of different mycoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fg Izoton
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila M de Macedo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Cf do Valle
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Hg Figueiredo-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bs Rabello
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Cc Martins
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayvison Fs Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
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22
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Almeida-Silva F, Coelho RA, Bernardes-Engemann AR, Fichman V, Freitas DF, Galhardo MC, Corrêa-Junior D, Frases S, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Almeida-Paes R. In vitro isavuconazole activity against Sporothrix brasiliensis suggests its efficacy in some severe sporotrichosis cases. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:1041-1048. [PMID: 37721514 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sporothrix brasiliensis causes sporotrichosis, an important infection in some groups of patients. Aims: This work was designed to investigate the effects of isavuconazole against this species. Methods: An antifungal susceptibility test was performed to compare MIC values with other antifungal drugs used to treat sporotrichosis. A checkerboard assay was performed to understand isavuconazole interactions. Furthermore, isavuconazole growth inhibition on an itraconazole-resistant strain was tested. Results: Isavuconazole had similar MICs to other azoles against S. brasiliensis, presenting fungistatic activity. Isavuconazole did not interact in vitro with antifungals or immunosuppressive drugs and inhibited the growth of an itraconazole-resistant strain. Conclusion: Isavuconazole inhibits S. brasiliensis, its pharmacologic characteristics make it a candidate for patients with sporotrichosis and it may be useful to combat sporotrichosis caused by resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Almeida-Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rowena A Coelho
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa R Bernardes-Engemann
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivian Fichman
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayvison Fs Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Cg Galhardo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dario Corrêa-Junior
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosely M Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Uemura EVG, Rossato L. Sporotrichosis co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Mycoses 2023; 66:845-853. [PMID: 37376902 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus belonging to the genus Sporothrix. This fungal infection can affect both humans and domestic animals, and in recent years, an increase in the geographic spread and prevalence of sporotrichosis has been observed globally. This systematic review aimed to examine the clinical-epidemiological and therapeutic aspects related to sporotrichosis co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An extensive electronic search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Medline, Embase, Scopus and SciELO was performed to identify clinical cases of people living with HIV (PLWH) with sporotrichosis published until May 2023. As a result, we found that most co-infected patients were male, representing 71.76% (94/131) of cases. The most prevalent age group was 41-50 years, with a mean age of 36.98 years. The countries with the highest number of cases were Brazil (75.57%, 99/131) and the United States (16.03%, 21/131). The most frequent clinical presentation was systemic dissemination, accounting for 69.47% (91/131) of the cases, followed by cutaneous dissemination with 13% (17/131). The mean CD4+ cell count was 154.07 cells/μL, and most patients used amphotericin B with at least one azole, which represented 47.33% (62/131) of cases, followed by azole monotherapy in 17.56% (23/131) of cases. As for the outcome, 51.15% (67/131) of the patients remained alive, and 37.4% (49/131) died. Therefore, it was concluded that sporotrichosis in PLWH is a disease with a high prevalence in Brazil and may be associated with systemic clinical manifestations requiring longer periods of systemic antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Rossato
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
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24
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de Sousa BIC, Ferreira LCF, de Lima MMR, Netto JDSB, Astacio GSM, Bernardes-Engemann AR, de Macedo PM, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Freitas DFS. Osteoarticular Sporotrichosis of the Knee Caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis: Two Similar Cases with Different Outcomes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:956. [PMID: 37888212 PMCID: PMC10607728 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is the most frequent subcutaneous or implantation mycosis in Latin America, and its transmission occurs as a result of traumatic inoculation into the skin by organic matter containing the thermodimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Although cutaneous forms are more common, another important site is the osteoarticular system, whose hematogenous involvement is commonly associated with disseminated forms, especially in people who have an immunosuppressive condition, such as HIV/AIDS, chronic steroid use, and alcohol abuse. We present two cases of osteoarticular sporotrichosis of the knee caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis and followed up at our institution, with different outcomes. In the cases presented here, aging, anatomical sites, comorbidities, subtherapeutic serum levels, low adherence to treatment, and late diagnosis for different reasons may explain the observed outcomes. Early diagnosis of Sporothrix infection is critical in preventing complications, including death. We also highlight the importance of multidisciplinary follow-up and adherence to treatment for a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ivanovinsky Costa de Sousa
- Vice-Direção de Ensino, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia Cristina Fonseca Ferreira
- Vice-Direção de Ensino, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcella Morgado Ramiro de Lima
- Vice-Direção de Ensino, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana dos Santos Barbosa Netto
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guis Saint-Martin Astacio
- Serviço de Imagem, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa Reis Bernardes-Engemann
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marques de Macedo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Gutierrez-Galhardo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
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25
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Hatinguais R, Leaves I, Brown GD, Brown AJP, Brock M, Peres da Silva R. CRISPR-based tools for targeted genetic manipulation in pathogenic Sporothrix species. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0507822. [PMID: 37707447 PMCID: PMC10581184 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05078-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix brasiliensis is an emerging fungal pathogen frequently associated with zoonotic transmission of sporotrichosis by contaminated cats. Within 25 years, the disease has spread not only throughout Brazil but now to neighboring countries in Latin America. Thermo-dimorphism, melanin, glycans, adhesins, and secreted vesicles have been associated with the ability of Sporothrix species to cause disease in the mammalian host. Although certain virulence factors have been proposed as potential determinants for sporotrichosis, the scarcity of molecular tools for performing reverse genetics in Sporothrix has significantly impeded the dissection of mechanisms underlying the disease. Here, we demonstrate that PEG-mediated protoplast transformation is a powerful method for heterologous gene expression in S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, and S. chilensis. Combined with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, this transformation protocol enabled the deletion of the putative DHN-melanin synthase gene pks1, which is a proposed virulence factor of Sporothrix species. To improve in locus integration of deletion constructs, we deleted the KU80 homolog that is critical for non-homologous end-joining DNA repair. The use of Δku80 strains from S. brasiliensis enhanced homologous-directed repair during transformation resulting in increased targeted gene deletion in combination with CRISPR/Cas9. In conclusion, our CRISPR/Cas9-based transformation protocol provides an efficient tool for targeted gene manipulation in Sporothrix species. IMPORTANCE Sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis is a disease that requires long periods of treatment and is rapidly spreading across Latin America. The virulence of this fungus and the surge of atypical and more severe presentations of the disease raise the need for an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sporotrichosis, as well as the development of better diagnostics and antifungal therapies. By developing molecular tools for accurate genetic manipulation in Sporothrix, this study addresses the paucity of reliable and reproducible tools for stable genetic engineering of Sporothrix species, which has represented a major obstacle for studying the virulence determinants and their roles in the establishment of sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Hatinguais
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Leaves
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J. P. Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Brock
- Fungal Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Peres da Silva
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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26
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Gonçalves SS, da Cruz Bahiense Rocha I, Rediguieri BC, de Carvalho JA, Maifrede SB, Kruschewsky WLL, Falqueto A, Rodrigues AM. Human and Feline Sporotrichosis in a Reference Center of Southeastern Brazil: Genetic Differentiation, Diversity, and Antifungal Susceptibility of Sporothrix Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:831. [PMID: 37623602 PMCID: PMC10455626 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a neglected subcutaneous fungal infection that affects humans and animals worldwide caused by species belonging to the genus Sporothrix. This study aims to examine the range of genetic variations, assess molecular epidemiology significance, and explore potential modes of transmission of the Sporothrix species associated with the current sporotrichosis outbreaks in Espírito Santo, Brazil. In this investigation, 262 samples were evaluated, including 142 from humans and 120 from felines, collected between 2016 and 2021. The isolates were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Sexual idiomorphs were determined by mating-type PCR using primers specific to the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 loci. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was employed to assess the genetic variability of Sporothrix spp. Finally, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed following the CLSI M38-A2 protocol. Of the 142 human samples, 125 were identified as S. brasiliensis and 17 as S. schenckii s. str. The presence of S. brasiliensis was overwhelming (100%) during outbreaks, highlighting the significant role of domestic cats in the emergence of this species. Heterothallism was the only observed mating strategy. However, the MAT1-2 idiomorph was predominant in cases of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis (χ2 = 202.976; p < 0.0001). Our AFLP results show significant intraspecific variability observed among S. brasiliensis isolates in Espírito Santo. Different genotypes forming subgroups within the same population suggest that these isolates do not originate from a single ancestor, indicating multiple emergences. Furthermore, terbinafine was the antifungal with the best results in vitro. However, in clinical practice, itraconazole remains the primary treatment choice. Sporotrichosis continues to advance in the state; therefore, the health system must outline one-health strategies to contain the disease to prevent future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Santos Gonçalves
- Infectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Center for Research in Medical Mycology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitoria 29043900, Brazil; (I.d.C.B.R.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Isabela da Cruz Bahiense Rocha
- Infectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Center for Research in Medical Mycology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitoria 29043900, Brazil; (I.d.C.B.R.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Bruno Carneiro Rediguieri
- Infectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Center for Research in Medical Mycology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitoria 29043900, Brazil; (I.d.C.B.R.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Jamile Ambrósio de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil; (J.A.d.C.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Simone Bravim Maifrede
- Center for Research in Medical Mycology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitoria 29043900, Brazil
| | - Wdson Luis Lima Kruschewsky
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, The Clinical Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403010, Brazil;
| | - Aloísio Falqueto
- Department of Medical Clinic, Cassiano Antônio Moraes University Hospital (HUCAM), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitoria 29043900, Brazil;
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil; (J.A.d.C.); (A.M.R.)
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27
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Procópio-Azevedo AC, de Abreu Almeida M, Almeida-Paes R, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, de Macedo PM, Novaes E, Bailão AM, de Almeida Soares CM, Freitas DFS. The State of the Art in Transcriptomics and Proteomics of Clinically Relevant Sporothrix Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:790. [PMID: 37623561 PMCID: PMC10455387 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics provide a robust approach to profile and quantify proteins within cells, organs, or tissues, providing comprehensive insights about the dynamics of cellular processes, modifications, and interactions. Similarly, understanding the transcriptome is essential to decipher functional elements of the genome, unraveling the mechanisms of disease development and the molecular constituents of cells and tissues. Some thermodimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix cause sporotrichosis, a subcutaneous mycosis of worldwide relevance. The transcriptome and proteome of the main Sporothrix species of clinical interest can elucidate the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and host interactions. Studies of these techniques can contribute to the advancement of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. A literature review was carried out, addressing all articles based on proteomics using mass spectrometry and transcriptomics of Sporothrix spp. Twenty-one studies were eligible for this review. The main findings include proteins and genes involved in dimorphism, cell differentiation, thermotolerance, virulence, immune evasion, metabolism, cell adhesion, cell transport, and biosynthesis. With the spread and emergence of sporotrichosis in different countries, ongoing research efforts and new discoveries are welcome to advance knowledge about this mycosis and its agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carolina Procópio-Azevedo
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Abreu Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Gutierrez-Galhardo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marques de Macedo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Evandro Novaes
- Setor de Genética, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Melo Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
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28
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Corrêa-Junior D, de Andrade IB, Alves V, Avellar-Moura I, Rodrigues-Alves T, de Souza Rabello VB, de S Araújo GR, Borba-Santos LP, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Almeida-Paes R, Frases S. Metabolic Plasticity and Virulence-Associated Factors of Sporothrix brasiliensis Strains Related to Familiar Outbreaks of Cat-to-Human Transmitted Sporotrichosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:724. [PMID: 37504713 PMCID: PMC10381138 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix brasiliensis is the main agent of zoonotic sporotrichosis transmitted by domestic cats in South America. In humans, sporotrichosis commonly presents with cutaneous or lymphocutaneous lesions, and in cats, with multiple ulcerated skin lesions associated with enlarged lymph nodes and respiratory signs. Fungal virulence factors may affect the clinical presentation of the mycoses. Sporothrix spp. present some virulence factors. This study aims to compare 24 S. brasiliensis strains from 12 familiar outbreaks of cat-to-human transmitted sporotrichosis. Fungal growth in different substrates, thermotolerance, resistance to oxidative stress, and production of enzymes were evaluated. An invertebrate model of experimental infection was used to compare the virulence of the strains. The strains grew well on glucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine but poorly on lactate. Their thermotolerance was moderate to high. All strains were susceptible to hydrogen peroxide, and the majority produced hemolysins but not phospholipase and esterase. There was no significant difference in the putative virulence-associated factors studied among the different hosts. Moreover, strains isolated from a human and a cat from four familiar outbreaks presented a very similar profile of expression of these factors, reinforcing the zoonotic transmission of S. brasiliensis in Brazil and demonstrating the plasticity of this species in the production of virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Corrêa-Junior
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Iara Bastos de Andrade
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Alves
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Igor Avellar-Moura
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tânia Rodrigues-Alves
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Brito de Souza Rabello
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Glauber R de S Araújo
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luana Pereira Borba-Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20020-000, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20020-000, Brazil
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29
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Cognialli RCR, Cáceres DH, Bastos FDAGD, Cavassin FB, Lustosa BPR, Vicente VA, Breda GL, Santos-Weiss I, Queiroz-Telles F. Rising Incidence of Sporothrix brasiliensis Infections, Curitiba, Brazil, 2011-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1330-1339. [PMID: 37347527 PMCID: PMC10310366 DOI: 10.3201/eid2907.230155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic outbreaks of sporotrichosis are increasing in Brazil. We examined and described the emergence of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis (CTS) caused by the fungal pathogen Sporothrix brasiliensis. We calculated incidence and mapped geographic distribution of cases in Curitiba, Brazil, by reviewing medical records from 216 sporotrichosis cases diagnosed during 2011-May 2022. Proven sporotrichosis was established in 84 (39%) patients and probable sporotrichosis in 132 (61%). Incidence increased from 0.3 cases/100,000 outpatient visit-years in 2011 to 21.4 cases/100,000 outpatient visit-years in 2021; of the 216 cases, 58% (n = 126) were diagnosed during 2019-2021. The main clinical form of sporotrichosis was lymphocutaneous (63%), followed by localized cutaneous (24%), ocular (10%), multisite infections (3%), and cutaneous disseminated (<0.5%). Since the first report of CTS in Curitiba in 2011, sporotrichosis has increased substantially, indicating continuous disease transmission. Clinician and public awareness of CTS and efforts to prevent transmission are needed.
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30
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Corrêa-Junior D, Bastos de Andrade I, Alves V, Avellar-Moura I, Brito de Souza Rabello V, Valdez AF, Nimrichter L, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Ribeiro de Sousa Araújo G, Almeida-Paes R, Frases S. Unveiling the Morphostructural Plasticity of Zoonotic Sporotrichosis Fungal Strains: Possible Implications for Sporothrix brasiliensis Virulence and Pathogenicity. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:701. [PMID: 37504690 PMCID: PMC10381685 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by Sporothrix species, with Sporothrix brasiliensis as a prevalent pathogen in Latin America. Despite its clinical importance, the virulence factors of S. brasiliensis and their impact on the pathogenesis of sporotrichosis are still poorly understood. This study evaluated the morphostructural plasticity of S. brasiliensis, a fungus that causes sporotrichosis. Three cell surface characteristics, namely cell surface hydrophobicity, Zeta potential, and conductance, were assessed. Biofilm formation was also analyzed, with measurements taken for biomass, extracellular matrix, and metabolic activity. In addition, other potential and poorly studied characteristics correlated with virulence such as lipid bodies, chitin, and cell size were evaluated. The results revealed that the major phenotsypic features associated with fungal virulence in the studied S. brasiliensis strains were chitin, lipid bodies, and conductance. The dendrogram clustered the strains based on their overall similarity in the production of these factors. Correlation analyses showed that hydrophobicity was strongly linked to the production of biomass and extracellular matrix, while there was a weaker association between Zeta potential and size, and lipid bodies and chitin. This study provides valuable insights into the virulence factors of S. brasiliensis and their potential role in the pathogenesis of sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Corrêa-Junior
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Iara Bastos de Andrade
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Alves
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Igor Avellar-Moura
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Brito de Souza Rabello
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Fernandes Valdez
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Glauber Ribeiro de Sousa Araújo
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Campos MR, Della FCP, Solórzano CLV, Ramos SE, Piovesan DM, da Silva BM, Ritter CG, Bredemeier M. A destructive nasal skin lesion caused by fungal infection in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:1487-1489. [PMID: 36800136 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Ribeiro de Campos
- Rheumatology Service at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC), Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Avenida Francisco Trein, 596, Bloco H, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 91350-200, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cargnelutti Possamai Della
- Rheumatology Service at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC), Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Avenida Francisco Trein, 596, Bloco H, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 91350-200, Brazil
| | - Camila Lucía Veroneze Solórzano
- Rheumatology Service at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC), Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Avenida Francisco Trein, 596, Bloco H, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 91350-200, Brazil
| | - Suelem Estefano Ramos
- Rheumatology Service at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC), Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Avenida Francisco Trein, 596, Bloco H, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 91350-200, Brazil
| | - Deise Marcela Piovesan
- Rheumatology Service at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC), Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Avenida Francisco Trein, 596, Bloco H, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 91350-200, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Mendes da Silva
- Rheumatology Service at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC), Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Avenida Francisco Trein, 596, Bloco H, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 91350-200, Brazil
| | - Clarice Gabardo Ritter
- Dermatology Service at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC), Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Markus Bredemeier
- Rheumatology Service at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC), Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Avenida Francisco Trein, 596, Bloco H, 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 91350-200, Brazil.
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Almeida-Silva F, Almeida MDA, Rabello VBDS, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Baeza LC, Lamas CDC, Lima MA, de Macedo PM, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Almeida-Paes R, Freitas DFS. Evaluation of Five Non-Culture-Based Methods for the Diagnosis of Meningeal Sporotrichosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050535. [PMID: 37233246 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is the main subcutaneous mycosis worldwide. Several complications, including meningeal forms, can be observed in immunocompromised individuals. The sporotrichosis diagnosis is time-consuming due to the culture's limitations. The low fungal burden in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples is another important drawback in the diagnosis of meningeal sporotrichosis. Molecular and immunological tests can improve the detection of Sporothrix spp. in clinical specimens. Therefore, the following five non-culture-based methods were evaluated for the detection of Sporothrix spp. in 30 CSF samples: (i) species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR); (ii) nested PCR; (iii) quantitative PCR; (iv) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG detection; and (v) ELISA for IgM detection. The species-specific PCR was unsuccessful in the diagnosis of the meningeal sporotrichosis. The other four methods presented substantial levels of sensitivity (78.6% to 92.9%) and specificity (75% to 100%) for the indirect detection of Sporothrix spp. Both DNA-based methods presented similar accuracy (84.6%). Both ELISA methods were concomitantly positive only for patients with sporotrichosis and clinical signs of meningitis. We suggest that these methods should be implemented in clinical practice to detect Sporothrix spp. in CSF early, which may optimize treatment, augment the chances of a cure, and improve the prognosis of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Almeida-Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Abreu Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Brito de Souza Rabello
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cristiane Baeza
- Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel 85819-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristiane da Cruz Lamas
- Serviço Médico, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Lima
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marques de Macedo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Gutierrez-Galhardo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
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Izoton CFG, de Brito Sousa AX, Valete CM, Schubach ADO, Procópio-Azevedo AC, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, de Macedo PM, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Castro-Alves J, Almeida-Paes R, Martins ACDC, Freitas DFS. Sporotrichosis in the nasal mucosa: A single-center retrospective study of 37 cases from 1998 to 2020. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011212. [PMID: 36972287 PMCID: PMC10079221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous or implantation mycosis caused by some species of the genus Sporothrix. Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, experiences hyperendemic levels of zoonotic sporotrichosis, with increasing cases of disseminated disease, especially in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Involvement of the nasal mucosa is rare and occurs isolated or in disseminated cases, with a delayed resolution.
Methodology/Principal findings
This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic profiles of 37 cases of sporotrichosis with involvement of the nasal mucosa treated at the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) outpatient clinic of the Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, from 1998 to 2020. Data were reviewed from the medical records and stored in a database. The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the means of quantitative variables, and Pearson chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to verify the association between qualitative variables (p<0.05). Most patients were males, students or retirees, with a median age of 38 years, residents in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, and infected through zoonotic transmission. Disseminated sporotrichosis forms in patients with comorbidities (mostly PLHIV) were more common than the isolated involvement of the mucosa. The main characteristics of lesions in the nasal mucosa were the presence/elimination of crusts, involvement of various structures, mixed appearance, and severe intensity. Due to therapeutic difficulty, itraconazole was combined with amphotericin B and/or terbinafine in most cases. Of the 37 patients, 24 (64.9%) healed, with a median of 61 weeks of treatment, 9 lost follow-up, 2 were still treating and 2 died.
Conclusions
Immunosuppression was determinant to the outcome, with worse prognosis and lower probability of cure. Notably in this group, the systematization of the ENT examination for early identification of lesions is recommended to optimize the treatment and outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Xavier de Brito Sousa
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Educação Médica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Valete
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julio Castro-Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Losada LCDML, Monteiro RC, de Carvalho JA, Hagen F, Fisher MC, Spruijtenburg B, Meis JF, de Groot T, Gonçalves SS, Negroni R, Kano R, Bonifaz A, de Camargo ZP, Rodrigues AM. High-Throughput Microsatellite Markers Development for Genetic Characterization of Emerging Sporothrix Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:354. [PMID: 36983522 PMCID: PMC10054832 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is the main subcutaneous mycosis worldwide transmitted by animal or plant vectors and often escalates to outbreaks or epidemics. The current cat-transmitted sporotrichosis driven by Sporothrix brasiliensis has become a significant public health issue in South America. Transmission dynamics remain enigmatic due to the lack of development of polymorphic markers for molecular epidemiological analysis. This study used a high-throughput mining strategy to characterize simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from Sporothrix genomes. A total of 118,140-143,912 SSR loci were identified (82,841-98,369 unique markers), with a 3651.55-3804.65 SSR/Mb density and a majority of dinucleotides motifs (GC/CG). We developed a panel of 15 highly polymorphic SSR markers suitable for genotyping S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, and S. globosa. PCR amplification revealed 240 alleles in 180 Sporothrix isolates with excellent polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.9101), expected heterozygosity (H = 0.9159), and discriminating power (D = 0.7127), supporting the effectiveness of SSR markers in uncovering cryptic genetic diversity. A systematic population genetic study estimated three clusters, corresponding to S. brasiliensis (population 1, n = 97), S. schenckii (population 2, n = 49), and S. globosa (population 3, n = 34), with a weak signature of mixed ancestry between populations 1 and 2 or 3 and 2. Partitioning of genetic variation via AMOVA revealed highly structured populations (ΦPT = 0.539; Nm = 0.213; p < 0.0001), with approximately equivalent genetic variability within (46%) and between (54%) populations. Analysis of SSR diversity supports Rio de Janeiro (RJ) as the center of origin for contemporary S. brasiliensis infections. The recent emergence of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis in northeastern Brazil indicates an RJ-Northeast migration resulting in founder effects during the introduction of diseased animals into sporotrichosis-free areas. Our results demonstrated high cross-species transferability, reproducibility, and informativeness of SSR genetic markers, helping dissect deep and fine-scale genetic structures and guiding decision making to mitigate the harmful effects of the expansion of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Chaves de Miranda Leonhardt Losada
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil
| | - Ruan Campos Monteiro
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil
| | - Jamile Ambrósio de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew C. Fisher
- Medical Research Council Center for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Bram Spruijtenburg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques F. Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Theun de Groot
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Santos Gonçalves
- Infectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Center for Research in Medical Mycology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29043900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Negroni
- Mycology Unit of the Infectious Diseases Hospital Francisco Javier Muñiz, Reference Center of Mycology of Buenos Aires City, Uspallata, Buenos Aires 2272, Argentina
| | - Rui Kano
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology (TIMM), 359 Otsuka, Tokyo 192-0395, Japan
| | - Alexandro Bonifaz
- Dermatology Service, Mycology Department, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Balmis 148, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 03020, Mexico
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil
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Rodrigues ML, Nosanchuk JD. Recognition of fungal priority pathogens: What next? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011136. [PMID: 36893096 PMCID: PMC9997940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joshua D. Nosanchuk
- Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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Marques SA, Roselino AM, Almeida HLD, Abbade LPF. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia: updating guidelines for authors. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:1-2. [PMID: 36404165 PMCID: PMC9837658 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Magalhães VCR, Colombo SA, Freitas GJC, Moura AS, Vieira FCL, Lyon AC, Azevedo MI, Peres NTDA, Santos DA. Late Diagnosis of Disseminated Sporothrix brasiliensis Infection with Bone Marrow Involvement in an HIV-Negative Patient. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121516. [PMID: 36558850 PMCID: PMC9781367 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease that causes symptoms similar to those of other infectious and non-infectious diseases, making diagnosis difficult and challenging. Here, we report a case of an HIV-negative patient presenting disseminated sporotrichosis with widespread cutaneous lesions mimicking pyoderma gangrenosum, with bone marrow infection, pancytopenia, and hemophagocytic syndrome. However, all the clinical manifestations and a bacterial coinfection delayed the request for a fungal diagnosis. Therefore, sporotrichosis should always be investigated in patients from endemic areas presenting with widespread cutaneous lesions associated with pancytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Caroline Randi Magalhães
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), R. Dr. Cristiano Rezende, 2213, Belo Horizonte 30622-020, Brazil
| | - Salene Angelini Colombo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gustavo José Cota Freitas
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sampaio Moura
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), R. Dr. Cristiano Rezende, 2213, Belo Horizonte 30622-020, Brazil
| | - Flávia Cardoso Lopez Vieira
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), R. Dr. Cristiano Rezende, 2213, Belo Horizonte 30622-020, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Lyon
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), R. Dr. Cristiano Rezende, 2213, Belo Horizonte 30622-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Azevedo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nalu Teixeira de Aguiar Peres
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (N.T.d.A.P.); (D.A.S.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-2760 (N.T.d.A.P.); +55-31-3409-2758 (D.A.S.); Fax: +55-31-3409-2733 (N.T.d.A.P.); +55-31-3409-2733 (D.A.S.)
| | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (N.T.d.A.P.); (D.A.S.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-2760 (N.T.d.A.P.); +55-31-3409-2758 (D.A.S.); Fax: +55-31-3409-2733 (N.T.d.A.P.); +55-31-3409-2733 (D.A.S.)
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