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Hassan SSM, El-Shalakany HH, Fathy MA, Kamel AH. A novel potentiometric screen-printed electrode based on crown ethers/nano manganese oxide/Nafion composite for trace level determination of copper ion in biological fluids. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:313. [PMID: 38717608 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Copper levels in biological fluids are associated with Wilson's, Alzheimer's, Menke's, and Parkinson's diseases, making them good biochemical markers for these diseases. This study introduces a miniaturized screen-printed electrode (SPE) for the potentiometric determination of copper(II) in some biological fluids. Manganese(III) oxide nanoparticles (Mn2O3-NPs), dispersed in Nafion, are drop-casted onto a graphite/PET substrate, serving as the ion-to-electron transducer material. The solid-contact material is then covered by a selective polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane incorporated with 18-crown-6 as a neutral ion carrier for the selective determination of copper(II) ions. The proposed electrode exhibits a Nernstian response with a slope of 30.2 ± 0.3 mV/decade (R2 = 0.999) over the linear concentration range 5.2 × 10-9 - 6.2 × 10-3 mol/l and a detection limit of 1.1 × 10-9 mol/l (69.9 ng/l). Short-term potential stability is evaluated using constant current chronopotentiometry (CP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A significant improvement in the electrode capacitance (91.5 μF) is displayed due to the use of Mn2O3-NPs as a solid contact. The presence of Nafion, with its high hydrophobicity properties, eliminates the formation of the thin water layer, facilitating the ion-to-electron transduction between the sensing membrane and the conducting substrate. Additionally, it enhances the adhesion of the polymeric sensing membrane to the solid-contact material, preventing membrane delamination and increasing the electrode's lifespan. The high selectivity, sensitivity, and potential stability of the proposed miniaturized electrode suggests its use for the determination of copper(II) ions in human blood serum and milk samples. The results obtained agree fairly well with data obtained by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad S M Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Hadeel H El-Shalakany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Ayman H Kamel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sokheer, 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Maharjan S, Yun YJ, Okello VA, Wiederrecht GP, Gosztola DJ, Ayitou AJL. Photometric sensing of heavy metal ions using a naphthoquinodimethyl-bis-thioamide dye: Selectivity & photophysics of the metal organic complexes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Deghadi RG, Eliwa AS, Ali AE, Hosny WM, Mohamed GG. Preparation, Characterization of Novel Cadmium-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Using as a Highly Selective and Sensitive Modified Carbon Paste Electrode in Determination of Cu(II) Ion. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2020.1870963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem G. Deghadi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman S. Eliwa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aya E. Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M. Hosny
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehad G. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Frag EY, Mohamed MEB, Fahim EM. Application of carbon sensors for potentiometric determination of copper(II) in water and biological fluids of Wilson disease patients. Studying the surface reaction using SEM, EDX, IR and DFT. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 118:122-128. [PMID: 30059866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Al-Harbi EA, El-Shahawi MS. Square Wave-Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Copper at a Bismuth Film/Glassy Carbon Electrode Using 3-[(2-Mercapto-Vinyl)-Hydrazono]- 1,3-Dihydro-Indol-2-One. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Al-Harbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Taibah University; Al-Madina Al-Mounawara Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S. El-Shahawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, P.O. Box 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Niu Q, Wu X, Li T, Cui Y, Zhang S, Li X. Highly selective, sensitive and fast-responsive fluorescent sensor for Hg(2+). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 163:45-48. [PMID: 27049866 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A phenylamine-oligothiophene-based fluorescent sensor 2TBEA was reported. This sensor exhibited highly selective, sensitive and rapid detection of Hg(2+) ion in THF/H2O (7/3, v/v) solution through fluorescence quenching. The detection was unaffected by the coexistence of other competitive metal cations including Na(+), K(+), Ag(+), Ca(2+), Fe(3+), Al(3+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Zn(2+), Pb(2+), Cd(2+), Fe(2+) and Cr(3+). A1:1 binding ratio for 2TBEA - Hg(2+) was demonstrated by Job's plot and mole-ratio curves. The coordination process was chemically reversible with EDTA. The detection limit was evaluated to be as low as 6.164×10(-8)M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfen Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingxing Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuezhi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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A new nano-composite potentiometric sensor containing an Hg2+-ion imprinted polymer for the trace determination of mercury ions in different matrices. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Abu Ismaiel A, Aroua MK, Yusoff R. A new electrochemical sensor based on task-specific ionic liquids-modified palm shell activated carbon for the determination of mercury in water samples. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:13102-13. [PMID: 25051034 PMCID: PMC4168448 DOI: 10.3390/s140713102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a potentiometric sensor composed of palm shell activated carbon modified with trioctylmethylammonium thiosalicylate (TOMATS) was used for the potentiometric determination of mercury ions in water samples. The proposed potentiometric sensor has good operating characteristics towards Hg (II), including a relatively high selectivity; a Nernstian response to Hg (II) ions in a concentration range of 1.0 × 10(-9) to 1.0 × 10(-2) M, with a detection limit of 1 × 10(-10) M and a slope of 44.08 ± 1.0 mV/decade; and a fast response time (~5 s). No significant changes in electrode potential were observed when the pH was varied over the range of 3-9. Additionally, the proposed electrode was characterized by good selectivity towards Hg (II) and no significant interferences from other cationic or anionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abu Ismaiel
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | | | - Rozita Yusoff
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Bejarano-Jiménez A, Escobar-Barrios VA, Kleijn JM, Ortíz-Ledón CA, Cházaro-Ruiz LF. Electroactive behavior assessment of poly(acrylic acid)-graphene oxide composite hydrogel in the detection of cadmium. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Areli Bejarano-Jiménez
- División de Ciencias Ambientales; Instituto Potosino de Investigación Cientifica y Tecnológica; A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4 Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP México CP 78216
| | - Vladimir A. Escobar-Barrios
- División de Ciencias Ambientales; Instituto Potosino de Investigación Cientifica y Tecnológica; A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4 Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP México CP 78216
| | - J. Mieke Kleijn
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science; Wageningen University 6703HB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Cesar A. Ortíz-Ledón
- División de Ciencias Ambientales; Instituto Potosino de Investigación Cientifica y Tecnológica; A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4 Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP México CP 78216
| | - Luis F. Cházaro-Ruiz
- División de Ciencias Ambientales; Instituto Potosino de Investigación Cientifica y Tecnológica; A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4 Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP México CP 78216
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10
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Modified Screen-Printed Electrode for Potentiometric Determination of Copper(II) in Water Samples. J SOLUTION CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-013-0030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Potentiometric detection of silver (I) ion based on carbon paste electrode modified with diazo-thiophenol-functionalized nanoporous silica gel. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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References. Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b11478-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Issa YM, Ibrahim H, Shehab OR. New copper(II)-selective chemically modified carbon paste electrode based on etioporphyrin I dihydrobromide. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Yan Z, Zhang Q, Dan J, Guo Y, Li L. Lead(II) and copper(II) ion-selective electrodes based on two heterocyclic compounds. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934811100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Xu W, Xie P, Fan L, Cao C, Xi T, Zhou P. Synthesis and characteristics of a novel artificial hapten using the copper mercaptide of penicillenic acid from penicillin G for immunoassay of heavy metal ions. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2011; 54:813-821. [PMID: 21922431 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the synthesis of a novel copper ion hapten using the copper mercaptide of penicillenic acid (CMPA) derived from penicillin. Results from tests with immune rabbits indicate that: (i) A new antigen synthesized with CMPA has good stability and is safe for immunizing animals with no toxic phenomena being found in animal experiments; (ii) the immunogenic antigen (CMPA-BSA) can stimulate the immune system to produce specific antibodies with high titrations, up to 150000; and (iii) antibodies in antisera showed higher affinity to OVA-GSH-CuCl than OVA-GSH, which indicates that the antibodies have specific affinity towards copper ions. These results confirm that the novel hapten and relevant antigen for copper ion have been successfully synthesized, giving progress towards an immunoassay for copper ions in environmental and food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Xu
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry & Bio-separation, Key Laboratory of Microbiology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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16
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Sensor-containing microspheres of chitosan crosslinked with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid for determination of Cu(II) in instant coffee. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Flores-Álvarez JM, González I, García-de la Rosa LA, Mancilla-Peña F, Reyes-Gómez J. Carbon paste electrodes modified with biosolids, soils and biocomposites utilized to study the interaction between organic matter and copper. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 92:448-456. [PMID: 21044813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) modified with a biosolid, two types of soils with different amounts of organic matter (OM), and two biocomposites (soils mixed with a biosolid) were used to assess and compare the Cu(II) ion retention properties of the organic matter contained in the samples. The accumulation of Cu(II) on the surface of the modified carbon paste electrodes (MCPEs) was performed under open-circuit conditions. When comparing the response of the MCPEs while assessing parameters such as pH, preconcentration time, and adsorption/desorption capacity, it was found that the reaction mechanism of the two soils is different between the soils and dissimilar from the biosolid; while the biocomposites show reaction mechanisms that are intermediate between those of the soils and the biosolid. This was proven with the use of infrared spectroscopy, since the FTIR spectra show similarities between the two soils and significant differences between the soils and the biosolid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Flores-Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán, km. 9, C. P. 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico.
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Sánchez-Moreno RA, Gismera MJ, Sevilla MT, Procopio JR. Potentiometric Screen-Printed Bisensor for Simultaneous Determination of Chromium(III) and Chromium(VI). ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Mazloum-Ardakani M, Talebi A, Beitollahi H, Naeimi H, Taghavinia N. Determination of Ascorbic Acid in the Presence of Uric Acid and Folic Acid by a Nanostructured Electrochemical Sensor Based on a TiO2Nanoparticle Carbon Paste Electrode. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003726928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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A novel lariat crown compound as ionophore for construction of a mercury(II)-selective electrode. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-010-0340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cho IS, Han H, Shim JH, Lee JS, Shin JH, Cha GS, Kim BH. Syntheses and evaluation of 7-deoxycholic amide-based tweezer-type copper(II) ion-selective ionophores. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Screen-printed sensor for batch and flow injection potentiometric chromium(VI) monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:331-338. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Csoka B, Mekhalif Z. Carbon paste-based ion-selective dual function microelectrodes for SECM measurements. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Gismera M, Arias S, Sevilla M, Procopio J. Simultaneous Quantification of Heavy Metals Using a Solid State Potentiometric Sensor Array. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Sánchez-Moreno RA, Gismera MJ, Sevilla MT, Procopio JR. Chromium(III) determination without sample treatment by batch and flow injection potentiometry. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 634:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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An ion selective electrode for mercury(II) based on mercury(II) complex of poly(4-vinyl pyridine). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mashhadizadeh M, Eskandari K, Foroumadi A, Shafiee A. Self-Assembled Mercapto-Compound-Gold-Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Potentiometric Determination of Cadmium(II). ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Pulse anodic stripping voltammetric determination of copper with an amoxicillin–nafion modified glassy carbon electrode. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-008-9621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Faridbod F, Norouzi P, Dinarvand R, Ganjali MR. Developments in the Field of Conducting and Non-conducting Polymer Based Potentiometric Membrane Sensors for Ions Over the Past Decade. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:2331-2412. [PMID: 27879825 PMCID: PMC3673421 DOI: 10.3390/s8042331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Many research studies have been conducted on the use of conjugated polymers in the construction of chemical sensors including potentiometric, conductometric and amperometric sensors or biosensors over the last decade. The induction of conductivity on conjugated polymers by treating them with suitable oxidizing agents won Heeger, MacDiarmid and Shirakawa the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Common conjugated polymers are poly(acetylene)s, poly(pyrrole)s, poly(thiophene)s, poly(terthiophene)s, poly(aniline)s, poly(fluorine)s, poly(3-alkylthiophene)s, polytetrathiafulvalenes, polynapthalenes, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyparaphenylene, polyazulene, polyparaphenylene sulfide, polycarbazole and polydiaminonaphthalene. More than 60 sensors for inorganic cations and anions with different characteristics based on conducting polymers have been reported. There have also been reports on the application of non-conducting polymers (nCPs), i.e. PVC, in the construction of potentiometric membrane sensors for determination of more than 60 inorganic cations and anions. However, the leakage of ionophores from the membranes based on these polymers leads to relatively lower life times. In this article, we try to give an overview of Solid-Contact ISE (SCISE), Single-Piece ISE (SPISE), Conducting Polymer (CP)-Based, and also non-conducting polymer PVC-based ISEs for various ions which their difference is in the way of the polymer used with selective membrane. In SCISEs and SPISEs, the plasticized PVC containing the ionophore and ionic additives govern the selectivity behavior of the electrode and the conducting polymer is responsible of ion-to-electron transducer. However, in CPISEs, the conducting polymer layer is doped with a suitable ionophore which enhances the ion selectivity of the CP while its redox response has to be suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Centre, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Faridbod F, Ganjali MR, Dinarvand R, Norouzi P, Riahi S. Schiff's Bases and Crown Ethers as Supramolecular Sensing Materials in the Construction of Potentiometric Membrane Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:1645-1703. [PMID: 27879786 PMCID: PMC3663017 DOI: 10.3390/s8031645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Ionophore incorporated PVC membrane sensors are well-established analyticaltools routinely used for the selective and direct measurement of a wide variety of differentions in complex biological and environmental samples. Potentiometric sensors have someoutstanding advantages including simple design and operation, wide linear dynamic range,relatively fast response and rational selectivity. The vital component of such plasticizedPVC members is the ionophore involved, defining the selectivity of the electrodes' complexformation. Molecular recognition causes the formation of many different supramolecules.Different types of supramolecules, like calixarenes, cyclodextrins and podands, have beenused as a sensing material in the construction of ion selective sensors. Schiff's bases andcrown ethers, which feature prominently in supramolecular chemistry, can be used assensing materials in the construction of potentiometric ion selective electrodes. Up to now,more than 200 potentiometric membrane sensors for cations and anions based on Schiff's bases and crown ethers have been reported. In this review cation binding and anioncomplexes will be described. Liquid membrane sensors based on Schiff's bases and crownethers will then be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Centre, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Riahi
- Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Iran
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31
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Chaisuksant R, Pattanarat L, Grudpan K. Naphthazarin modified carbon paste electrode for determination of copper(II). Mikrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-007-0879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Hassan SSM, Mahmoud WH, Mohamed AHK, Kelany AE. Mercury(II) ion-selective polymeric membrane sensors for analysis of mercury in hazardous wastes. ANAL SCI 2007; 22:877-81. [PMID: 16772689 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two novel potentiometric sensors that are highly selective to Hg2+ ions are described. These are based on the use of 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and tricyclazole (TCZ) as neutral carriers in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes. Fast Nernstian responses are obtained for Hg2+ ions over the concentration ranges 7.0 x 10(-6) - 1.0 x 10(-2) and 7.7 x 10(-6) - 1.0 x 10(-2) mol l(-1) at pH 1.8 - 3.3 with lower detection limits of 5.0 x 10(-6) and 5.6 x 10(-6) mol l(-1) (approximately 1 microh ml(-1)) and calibration slopes of 30.0 and 29.7 mV decade(-1) with DTNB- and TCZ-based membrane sensors, respectively. Validation of the assay method reveals good performance characteristics, including long life span, good selectivity for Hg2+ ions over a wide variety of other metal ions, long term response stability, and high reproducibility. Applications for direct determination of mercury in hazardous wastes including dental amalgam, mercury bulbs, and fluorescent lamps give results with good correlation with data obtained using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad S M Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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33
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Gismera M, Procopio J, Sevilla M. Characterization of Mercury – Humic Acids Interaction by Potentiometric Titration with a Modified Carbon Paste Mercury Sensor. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Safavi A, Maleki N, Honarasa F, Tajabadi F, Sedaghatpour F. Ionic Liquids Modify the Performance of Carbon Based Potentiometric Sensors. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Chandra S, Singh CK, Agarwal H, Agarwal RK. A Copper(II)-selective PVC Membrane Electrode Based on a Macrocyclic Ligand, 1,2,5,6,8,11-Hexaazacyclododeca-7,12-dione-2,4,8,10-tetraene. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:683-7. [PMID: 17575352 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An attempt has been made to develop a highly selective Cu2+-ion selective electrode based on a poly(vinyl chloride) based sensor using 1,2,5,6,8,11-hexaazacyclododeca-7,12-dione-2,4,8,10-tetraene as ionophore with 61.5% DBP in the presence of 29% PVC, 4.5% ionophore and 5% NaTBP as an anion excluder. The sensor exhibits a near Nernstian potential response of 29.5 +/- 0.3 mV per decade over a wide concentration range (2.0 x 10(-7) - 1 x 10(-1) M) with a detection limit of 8.1 x 10(-8) M between pH 3 - 11 with a fast response time of < 5 s. The selectivity coefficient values, as determined by the matched potential method (MPM), indicate excellent selectivity for Cu(II) ions over a large number of ions. The proposed sensor exhibits an adequate shelf life (4 - 5 months) with good reproducibility. The quantification of Cu(II) in electroplating wastewater and various brands of Indian tea was successfully achieved using the proposed sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulekh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain College (University of Delhi), India.
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36
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8-hydroxyquinoline based neutral tripodal ionophore as a copper (II) selective electrode and the effect of remote substitutents on electrode properties. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 585:161-70. [PMID: 17386661 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
New PVC membrane ion selective electrodes based on 1,3,5-Tris(8-quinolinoxymethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (MO8HQ) are reported. The basic sensing material belongs to the group of tripodal ionophores. Also their derivatives prepared by placing suitable substitutents at fifth position of 8-oxine moiety, i.e, 1,3,5-Tris(5-chloro-8-quinolinoxymethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (5CHQ), 1,3,5-Tris(5-benzoyl-8-quinolinoxymethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (5BHQ) and 1,3,5-Tris[(5-phenylhydroxymethylene)-8-quinolinoxymethyl]-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (HYD-8HQ) ionophores have also been used to make copper-selective membrane electrodes. Among all the four electrodes, MO8HQ and HYD-8HQ ionophores based electrodes show excellent response towards Cu (II) ions. The electrodes having composition 33% PVC, 4% MO8HQ and 63% dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and 33% PVC, 6% HYD-8HQ, 63% dibutyl phthalate (DBP) exhibit a good Nernstian response to Cu (II) ions in the range of 1.0 x 10(-6) to 1 x 10(-1) M. The electrode shows a reasonably fast response time of 15 s. The effect of pH and electrode response is also reported. It shows good selectivity for Cu (II) ions in comparison to heavy metal ions, transition metal ions and for alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. The electrode response and selectivity remains unchanged for at least 5 months. The electrode can be used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Cu (II) ions with EDTA.
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37
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Mashhadizadeh M, Talakesh M, Peste M, Momeni A, Hamidian H, Mazlum M. A Novel Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Potentiometric Determination of Mercury(II) Ion. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Soleymanpour A, Asl E, Nasseri M. Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Sulfate Ion by Potentiometric Method. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Ardakani MM, Akrami Z, Kazemian H, Zare H. Electrocatalytic characteristics of uric acid oxidation at graphite–zeolite-modified electrode doped with iron (III). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Gismera MJ, Sevilla MT, Procopio JR. Potentiometric Carbon Paste Sensors for Lead(II) Based on Dithiodibenzoic and Mercaptobenzoic Acids. ANAL SCI 2006; 22:405-10. [PMID: 16733312 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dithiodibenzoic (DTB) acid and mercaptobenzoic (MB) acid were studied to characterize their abilities as modifier agents for lead(II) sensors. For both sensors, the best results were obtained with modified carbon paste electrodes with 24.1% of ligand. The pH influence on the potentiometric response was studied. The selectivity coefficients for both modified electrodes were tabulated. A potentiometric sensor based on DTB acid exhibited a more sensitive and selective response to lead ions than an MB electrode. The limits of detection for the DTB and MB electrodes were very similar, 5.01 x 10(-8) M and 3.98 x 10(-8) M, respectively, for lead(II) activity. The DTB sensor was applied to lead(II) ion determination in real samples and as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titrations. Natural and commercial humic acids were titrated using the DTB electrode to estimate the stability constant between these organic compounds and the lead(II) ions with successful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Gismera
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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